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Shehata TM, Aldhubiab B, Elsewedy HS. Virgin Coconut Oil-based Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Improves the Hypolipidemic Effect of Rosuvastatin. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:7945-7961. [PMID: 39130688 PMCID: PMC11313597 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s463750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Monitoring noncommunicable diseases is regarded as a critical concern that has to be managed in order to avoid a wide variety of complications such as increasing blood lipid levels known as dyslipidemia. Statin drugs, mostly, Rosuvastatin (RSV) was investigated for its effectiveness in treating dyslipidemia. However, reaching the most efficient treatment is essential and improving the effect of RSV is crucial. Therefore, a combination therapy was a good approach for achieving significant benefit. Although RSV is hydrophobic, which would affect its absorption and bioavailability following oral administration, overcoming this obstacle was important. Purpose To that end, the purpose of the present investigation was to incorporate RSV into certain lipid-based nanocarriers, namely, nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) prepared with virgin coconut oil (CCO). Methods The optimized RSV-NLC formula was selected, characterized and examined for its in vitro, kinetic, and stability profiles. Eventually, the formula was investigated for its in vivo hypolipidemic action. Results The optimized NLC formulation showed a suitable particle size (279.3±5.03 nm) with PDI 0.237 and displayed good entrapment efficiency (75.6±1.9%). Regarding in vitro release, it was efficiently prolonged for 24 h providing 93.7±1.47%. The optimized formula was established to be stable after 3 months storage at two different conditions; 4°C and 25°C. Importantly, including CCO in the development of RSV-NLC could impressively enhance lowering total cholesterol level in obese rat models, which endorse the potential synergistic action between RSV and CCO. Conclusion The study could elucidate the impact of developing NLC using CCO for improving RSV anti-hyperlipidemic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer M Shehata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Alhofuf, Al-Ahsa, 36362, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Bandar Aldhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Alhofuf, Al-Ahsa, 36362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba S Elsewedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, 11597, Saudi Arabia
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Hadjivasilis A, Kouis P, Kousios A, Panayiotou A. The Effect of Fibrates on Kidney Function and Chronic Kidney Disease Progression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Studies. J Clin Med 2022; 11:768. [PMID: 35160220 PMCID: PMC8836930 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Fibrates have proven efficacy in cardiovascular risk reduction and are commonly used, in addition to statins, to control hypertriglyceridaemia. Their use is often limited due to reduction in glomerular filtration rate at treatment initiation. However, recent studies suggest benign changes in kidney function and improvement of proteinuria, an established early marker of microvascular disease and kidney disease progression. We summarize the evidence from existing trials and provide a summary of effects of fibrates, alone or in combination, on kidney disease progression and proteinuria. METHODS AND RESULTS Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials (PROSPERO CRD42020187764). Out of 12,243 potentially eligible studies, 29 were included in qualitative and quantitative analysis, with a total of 20,176 patients. Mean creatinine increased by 1.05 (95% CI (0.63 to 1.46)) units in patients receiving fibrates vs. comparator, and this was similar in all other subgroups. eGFR showed a bigger decrease in the fibrates arm (SMD -1.99; 95% CI (-3.49 to -0.48)) when all studies were pooled together. Notably, short-term serum creatinine and eGFR changes remained constant in the long-term. Pooled estimates show that fibrates improve albuminuria progression, RR 0.86; 95% CI (0.76 to 0.98); albuminuria regression, RR 1.19; 95% CI (1.08 to 1.310). CONCLUSIONS Fibrates improve albuminuria in patients with and without diabetes when used to treat hyperlipidaemia. The modest creatinine increase should not be a limiting factor for fibrate initiation in people with preserved renal function or mild CKD. The long-term effects on kidney disease progression warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Hadjivasilis
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Lab, Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus; (A.H.); (P.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Panayiotis Kouis
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Lab, Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus; (A.H.); (P.K.); (A.P.)
- Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Kousios
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Lab, Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus; (A.H.); (P.K.); (A.P.)
- West London Renal and Transplant Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Andrie Panayiotou
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Lab, Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus; (A.H.); (P.K.); (A.P.)
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La Fountaine MF, Cirnigliaro CM, Hobson JC, Lombard AT, Specht AF, Dyson-Hudson TA, Bauman WA. Fenofibrate therapy to lower serum triglyceride concentrations in persons with spinal cord injury: A preliminary analysis of its safety profile. J Spinal Cord Med 2020; 43:704-709. [PMID: 30870136 PMCID: PMC7534379 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2019.1581694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Fenofibrate is used to treat elevated serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations (e.g. ≥150 mg/dl). The lipoprotein profile of most individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) would not satisfy conventional criteria to initiate lipid-lowering therapies. Serum TG concentrations of 115 and 137 mg/dl were recently identified as potential intervention thresholds for persons with a SCI proximal to the 4th and below the 5th thoracic vertebrae, respectively. Fenofibrate therapy has not been tested for safety in persons with SCI. Methods: An open-label trial was performed in 15 persons with SCI to determine the safety profile of 4 months of once-daily fenofibrate (145 mg tablet) treatment when initiated using modified intervention thresholds. Fasting blood tests and a review of systems were performed monthly to determine changes in liver and kidney function, as well as overall health status. Results: Fifteen subjects participated and 4 had an adverse event (e.g. 2 with gastrointestinal distress; 2 with elevated liver enzymes). Three subjects discontinued the trial within the first month and one participant remained in the trial with no further adverse events. Two participants were discontinued from fenofibrate after 2 months after not responding to treatment, as per protocol, and 10 participants completed the 4-month trial without experiencing an adverse event. Conclusion: In persons with SCI, 4 months of fenofibrate therapy initiated at lower threshold serum TG concentrations did not result in an increased incidence of adverse events compared to that reported in the general population. Fenofibrate therapy appears to be well tolerated in persons with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. La Fountaine
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research & Development Service National Center for the Medical, Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA,Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey, USA,Departments of Medical Sciences and Neurology, Seton Hall-Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, South Orange, New Jersey, USA,The Institute for Advanced Study of Rehabilitation and Sports Science, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey, USA,Correspondence to: Michael F. La Fountaine, National Center for the Medical Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY10468, USA; Ph: (718) 584-9000, ext. 3121.
| | - Christopher M. Cirnigliaro
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research & Development Service National Center for the Medical, Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Joshua C. Hobson
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research & Development Service National Center for the Medical, Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA,Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Alexander T. Lombard
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research & Development Service National Center for the Medical, Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Adam F. Specht
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research & Development Service National Center for the Medical, Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Trevor A. Dyson-Hudson
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange, New Jersey, USA,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - William A. Bauman
- Department of Veterans Affairs Rehabilitation Research & Development Service National Center for the Medical, Consequences of Spinal Cord Injury, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA,Departments of Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Rafeeq MM, Habib HS, Murad HAS, Gari MA, Gazzaz ZJ. Effect of genetic polymorphisms in SREBF-SCAP pathway on therapeutic response to rosuvastatin in Saudi metabolic syndrome patients. Pharmacogenomics 2018; 19:185-196. [PMID: 29318930 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Genetic variants contribute to statins' therapeutic variability. SREBF-SCAP pathway is a key player in lipid homeostasis. Hence, effect of SREBF-SCAP polymorphisms on therapeutic response was studied. PATIENTS & METHODS Metabolic syndrome patients of either sex were prescribed rosuvastatin 10 mg for 24 weeks. Clinical, anthropometric and lipid measurements were done before and after treatment. Genotyping was done by pyrosequencing. RESULTS & CONCLUSION No associations of SCAP and SREBF-1a genotypes with baseline lipids but significant associations with lipid reductions were observed. Significant effect of SCAP (GG; B = -8.16, p = 0.001); SREBF-1a (GG; B = -7.47, p = 0.001) and SREBF-1a (-delG; B = -7.42, p = 0.001) was observed on total cholesterol reduction. Additive trend was found between SCAP genotypes and lipid reductions. A total of 88% responders have SCAP 'G' allele (p = 0.001). Patients carrying SCAP (GG) and SREBF-1a (GG and -delG) have 9.5-, 8.6- and 14.6-times more likelihood of being responders (p < 0.05). 'G' allele in SCAP and SREBF-1a is significant predictor of rosuvastatin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbahuddin Mohd Rafeeq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh Campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed Said Habib
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam Aly Sayed Murad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh Campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh Campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia & Faculty of Medicine, Ainshams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh Abdullah Gari
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zohair Jamil Gazzaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Lee YH, Viji M, Lee E, Jo H, Yoo K, Sim J, Lee S, Lee K, Lee H, Jung JK. Synthesis and characterization of Rosuvastatin calcium impurity A; a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang W, Luan Y, Jin C, Xu S, Bi X, Zhao Y, Qiu F, Fu G, Wang M. The Impact of Rosuvastatin on the Density Score of Coronary Artery Calcification in Coronary Artery Disease Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Rationale and Design of RosCal Study. Clin Drug Investig 2017; 36:1023-1029. [PMID: 27541380 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-016-0445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION More and more evidence suggests that the density of calcification plays an important role in the plaque stability. However, few studies have investigated the statin treatment on the density of plaque calcification in patients with both coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS One hundred and twenty-two CAD patients with type 2 diabetes with confirmed coronary artery calcification (CAC) will be recruited consecutively in a 12-month period. These patients will receive rosuvastatin (20 mg/day) therapy in the next 24 months. Blood tests and adverse events will be collected at routine follow-up of 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. The primary endpoint will be the change of CAC density score measured by coronary CT angiography after 24 months' treatment of rosuvastatin (20 mg/day) compared with baseline. The secondary endpoints will be the change of serum sclerostin and the effect on the volume score of CAC in those patients. RESULTS We expect that rosuvastatin could both increase the density of CAC to improve plaque stability and up-regulate serum sclerostin, which would suggest the underlying mechanism of the plaque stabilization by a statin. CONCLUSION This study would be the first to demonstrate the impact of rosuvastatin on the density score of coronary artery calcification in CAD patients with type 2 diabetes. This study has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02418884).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Luan
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chongying Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengjie Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xukun Bi
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanbo Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fuyu Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guosheng Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, Zhejiang, China.
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Combination of rosuvastatin and probucol inhibits MMP-9 expression via upregulation of miR-497 in cultured HUVECs and apoE knockout mice. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2016; 41:592-605. [PMID: 26502925 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-015-1291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study deciphered the molecular mechanisms of the inhibition of MMP-9 expression using rosuvastatin in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and apoE knockout mice and whether the combination of rosuvastatin and probucol enhanced this effect. The role that microRNA (miR)-497 plays in the regulation of MMP-9 expression was evaluated in cultured HUVECs and apoE knockout mice using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. First, TNFα significantly increased mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling and MMP-9 levels, and the transfection of miR-497 prevented this increase. The converse results were obtained after miR-497 suppression. Second, the administration of rosuvastatin or the combination of two drugs decreased MAPK/ERK signaling and MMP-9 levels, and the suppression of miR-497 upregulated these levels. Third, the administration of rosuvastatin or the combination of two drugs increased miR-497 expression levels in the aortas of apoE knockout mice, but the levels of serum lipids and plaque areas decreased, which improved plaque components and decreased the MAPK/ERK signaling and MMP-9 levels. Finally, the combination of the two drugs was more effective than the use of rosuvastatin alone. Rosuvastatin inhibits MMP-9 expression by upregulating miR-497 in HUVECs and apoE knockout mice, and the combination of rosuvastatin and probucol enhances this effect.
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Rafeeq MM, Ahmad F, Rahman SZ, Siddiqi SS, Shakil S. Effect of an SNP in SCAP gene on lipid-lowering response to rosuvastatin in Indian patients with metabolic syndrome. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:2015-2024. [PMID: 27885915 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.16.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Statins treat dyslipidemia associated with metabolic syndrome. Genetic factors contribute to variable response. Sterol regulatory element-binding factors cleavage-activating protein (SCAP) pathway regulates lipid homeostasis, so effect of SNP in SCAP gene on rosuvastatin response was studied. MATERIALS & METHODS Metabolic syndrome patients with low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ≥130 mg/dl, were prescribed rosuvastatin 5 mg for 3 months. Lipids were measured initially and finally, and genotyping done. RESULTS & CONCLUSION Sixty-three patients completed the study. Twenty-three were homozygous for AA while 40 were heterozygous. Significant association was found between post-treatment lipid values and SCAP genotypes but not with baseline values. Cholesterol (p = 0.002) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p = 0.008) were significantly reduced in patients carrying G allele as compared with AA. There was a significant effect of G allele on cholesterol reduction (p = 0.043). Out of total responders (achieving >23.58% total cholesterol reduction), 80.5% were 2386G carriers (GG+GA) and only 19.5% were homozygous for A allele (p = 0.0048). SCAP 2386A>G gene polymorphism is a significant predictor of hypolipidemic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbahuddin M Rafeeq
- Department of Pharmacology, Rabigh College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farida Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Syed Z Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Sheelu S Siddiqi
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Shazi Shakil
- Centre for Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Teramoto T, Uno K, Miyoshi I, Khan I, Gorcyca K, Sanchez RJ, Yoshida S, Mawatari K, Masaki T, Arai H, Yamashita S. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and lipid-modifying therapy prescription patterns in the real world: An analysis of more than 33,000 high cardiovascular risk patients in Japan. Atherosclerosis 2016; 251:248-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Hirose T, Teramoto T, Abe K, Taneyama T. Determinants of Bezafibrate-induced Improvements in LDL Cholesterol in Dyslipidemic Patients with Diabetes. J Atheroscler Thromb 2015; 22:676-84. [PMID: 25752494 DOI: 10.5551/jat.27425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Our previous "J-BENEFIT (Japan BEzafibrate cliNical EFfectIveness and Tolerability)" study demonstrated that bezafibrate improves blood lipid profiles and glucose control in dyslipidemic patients with diabetes. However, bezafibrate did not significantly improve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), although some patients showed decreases while others showed increases in the LDL-C levels. Therefore, a subgroup analysis of the J-BENEFIT study was conducted to identify factors influencing the bezafibrate-induced changes in the LDL-C levels. METHODS Of the 3,316 patients in the J-BENEFIT study, 2,116 not treated with other lipid-lowering drugs were enrolled in the current study, and the effects of 24-week treatment with bezafibrate on the LDL-C levels were analyzed. A reduction in the LDL-C level of ≥ 25% occurred in 253 patients, and a logistic-regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with this improvement. RESULTS Among the 2,116 overall patients, bezafibrate treatment significantly increased the LDL-C levels from 123.9±36.7 to 125.7±31.3 mg/dL. The subanalysis showed that the treatment responses varied according to the baseline LDL-C level, with significant decreases in the ≥ 160 and ≥ 140-<160 mg/dL groups, no significant decrease in the ≥ 120-<140 mg/dL group and a significant increase in the <120 mg/dL group. A multivariate logistic-regression analysis of the data for the patients with an LDL-C of ≥ 25% identified a female sex, the use of anti-hypertensive and hypoglycemic agents and a high baseline LDL-C level to be significant determinants of the LDL-C response to bezafibrate. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that treatment with bezafibrate improves the LDL-C levels and lipid profiles in dyslipidemic diabetic patients, especially women, subjects co-treated with anti-hypertensive or hypoglycemic agents and those with high baseline LDL-C levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Hirose
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine
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Shioji K, Izuhara M, Mitsuoka H, Uegaito T, Matsuda M. Achievement rates of Japan Atherosclerosis Society Guidelines 2007 LDL-cholesterol goals with rosuvastatin or atorvastatin in patients who had not achieved their goal with atorvastatin. Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 32:97-104. [PMID: 24456217 DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Japan Atherosclerosis Society's 2007 Guidelines for Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases (JAS2007GL) advocate reducing LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) to target levels in patients with dyslipidemia, but achievement rates are frequently unsatisfactory even in the presence of lipid-lowering therapy. This multicenter, open-label, randomized, parallel-group study compared the efficacy of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin on JAS2007GL LDL-C goals in Japanese patients not achieving their target goal with atorvastatin treatment. METHODS The study involved 20 clinical institutes in Japan (Kishiwada Atherosclerosis Prevention Study [KAPS] Group). Patients with category II or III risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), or those with a history of CAD (secondary prevention), who had not achieved their JAS2007GL LDL-C goals during treatment with atorvastatin for at least 4 weeks were switched either to rosuvastatin 5 mg/day (from atorvastatin 10 mg/day) or rosuvastatin 10 mg/day (from atorvastatin 20 mg/day) (n = 75) or continued to receive atorvastatin (n = 77). The primary endpoint was achievement of LDL-C goals at 3 months. The main secondary endpoint was achievement of LDL-C goal + high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level <1.0 mg/L at 3 months. RESULTS Achievement rates for the primary endpoint were 49.3% in the rosuvastatin group and 31.7% in the atorvastatin group (P = 0.022). Achievement rates for the main secondary endpoint were 40.0% in the rosuvastatin group and 20.8% in the atorvastatin group (P = 0.010). Rosuvastatin and atorvastatin were both well tolerated in this study. CONCLUSIONS Rosuvastatin is a useful treatment option for Japanese patients who are not achieving their JAS2007GL LDL-C goal with atorvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Shioji
- Department of Cardiology, Kishiwada City Hospital, Kishiwada City, Japan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Rosuvastatin is one of the most potent statins and is currently widely prescribed. It is therefore important to know the dose-related magnitude of effect of rosuvastatin on blood lipids. OBJECTIVES Primary objective To quantify the effects of various doses of rosuvastatin on serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in participants with and without evidence of cardiovascular disease. Secondary objectives To quantify the variability of the effect of various doses of rosuvastatin.To quantify withdrawals due to adverse effects (WDAEs) in the randomized placebo-controlled trials. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) Issue 10 of 12, 2014 in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (1946 to October week 5 2014), EMBASE (1980 to 2014 week 44), Web of Science Core Collection (1970 to 5 November 2014) and BIOSIS Citation Index (1969 to 31 October 2014). No language restrictions were applied. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized controlled and uncontrolled before-and-after trials evaluating the dose response of different fixed doses of rosuvastatin on blood lipids over a duration of three to 12 weeks. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed eligibility criteria for studies to be included and extracted data. WDAEs information was collected from the placebo-controlled trials. MAIN RESULTS One-hundred and eight trials (18 placebo-controlled and 90 before-and-after) evaluated the dose-related efficacy of rosuvastatin in 19,596 participants. Rosuvastatin 10 to 40 mg/day caused LDL-cholesterol decreases of 46% to 55%, when all the trials were combined using the generic inverse variance method. The quality of evidence for these effects is high. Log dose-response data over doses of 1 to 80 mg, revealed strong linear dose-related effects on blood total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol. When compared to atorvastatin, rosuvastatin was about three-fold more potent at reducing LDL-cholesterol. There was no dose-related effect of rosuvastatin on blood HDL-cholesterol, but overall, rosuvastatin increased HDL by 7%. There is a high risk of bias for the trials in this review, which would affect WDAEs, but unlikely to affect the lipid measurements. WDAEs were not statistically different between rosuvastatin and placebo in 10 of 18 of these short-term trials (risk ratio 0.84; 95% confidence interval 0.48 to 1.47). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The total blood total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol-lowering effect of rosuvastatin was linearly dependent on dose. Rosuvastatin log dose-response data were linear over the commonly prescribed dose range. Based on an informal comparison with atorvastatin, this represents a three-fold greater potency. This review did not provide a good estimate of the incidence of harms associated with rosuvastatin because of the short duration of the trials and the lack of reporting of adverse effects in 44% of the placebo-controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Adams
- University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics2176 Health Sciences Mall, Medical Block CVancouverCanadaV6T 1Z3
| | - Sarpreet S Sekhon
- University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics2176 Health Sciences Mall, Medical Block CVancouverCanadaV6T 1Z3
| | - James M Wright
- University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics2176 Health Sciences Mall, Medical Block CVancouverCanadaV6T 1Z3
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Ganesh JS, Rao YY, Ravikumar R, Jayakrishnan GA, Iwasaki M, Preethy S, Abraham SJK. Beneficial effects of black yeast derived 1-3, 1-6 Beta Glucan-Nichi Glucan in a dyslipidemic individual of Indian origin--a case report. J Diet Suppl 2014; 11:1-6. [PMID: 24409973 DOI: 10.3109/19390211.2013.859211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases and statins are the common drugs used to correct dyslipidemia. Herein, we report a case where the subject was a nondiabetic, dyslipidemia patient on medication with Rosuvastatin. After the intake of Rosuvastatin, his triglycerides decreased to a minimum of 220 mg/dL. In order to augment the action of Rosuvastatin, he was advised to take 1.5 mg of Nichi Glucan food supplement, which is a 1,3-1,6 Beta Glucan derived from the black yeast, Aureobasidium pullulans, daily for 2 months. At the end of 2 months, his triglyceride levels decreased from 523 mg/dL (at start of the study) to 175 mg/dL. His VLDL levels, which were 104.6 mg/dL at the start of the study decreased to 35 mg/dL and the HDL cholesterol levels increased from 27 to 38 mg/dL. This is a first of its kind report on the effect of the black yeast derived 1,3-1,6 Beta Glucans on dyslipidemia not associated with diabetes. Thus supplementation of Nichi Glucan, 1,3- 1,6 Beta Glucan derived from the black yeast along with the routine medications was beneficial to treat dyslipidemia and a larger trial is needed to confirm the effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jegatheesan Saravana Ganesh
- 1The Mary-Yoshio Translational Hexagon (MYTH), Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), Nungambakkam, Chennai 600034, India
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14
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome predisposes to diabetes and atherosclerotic vascular disease. Statins reduce cardiovascular events, so all metabolic syndrome patients should be evaluated for dyslipidemia. Many patients fail to achieve lipid goals with statin monotherapy. Co-administration of ezetimibe (EZE) and atorvastatin (ATV) may enable more patients to achievelow-density lipoproteincholesterol (LDL-C) goal while avoiding risks of high-dose statin monotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study compares rosuvastatin (Rsv) with a combination of (Atv) and (Eze). Metabolic syndrome patients, 30-70 years with LDL-C ≥130 mg/dl and a 10-year CHD risk score of 10% were randomized to double-blind treatment with (Rsv) 5 mg (n = 67) or (Atv) 10 mg+(Eze) 10 mg (n = 68) for 12 weeks. RESULTS LDL-C reduced significantly; (32.3% and 30.3%, P < 0.001) in (Atv)+(Eze) and (Rsv), respectively, but there was no significant difference between two arms. More patients achieved LDL-C goal of ≤100 mg/dl with (Atv)+(Eze) compared to (Rsv) (65% vs. 58%, P < 0.05). Triglycerides (TG) were reduced more with (Atv)+(Eze) compared to (Rsv) (28.1% and 21.4%, P < 0.001). Greater increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was observed with (Atv)+(Eze). Both treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSION This study shows that the combination of (Atv)+(Eze) has more efficacy and comparable safety to that of (Rsv).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheelu S. Siddiqi
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, JNMCH, Aligarh, India
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- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farida Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology, JNMCH, Aligarh, India
| | - Syed Z. Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Australia
| | - Asad U. Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, AMU, Aligarh, India
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Abstract
Rosuvastatin is one of the most potent statins available for reducing circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, which enables more high-risk patients to achieve their lipid goals. Its favorable balance of effects on atherogenic and protective lipoproteins and its pleiotropic effects, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and improvement in endothelial dysfunction, are associated with slowing of progression of atherosclerosis within the artery wall and have been translated into clinical benefits for cardiovascular outcomes. This review provides an update on the safety and the efficacy of rosuvastatin in recent large clinical trials. It appears that rosuvastatin has a beneficial effect on the progression of atherosclerosis across the clinical dosage range of 2.5–40 mg. It reduced cardiovascular events in relatively low-risk subjects with elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and normal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. As with other statins, rosuvastatin did not show overall benefit in terms of survival in patients with heart failure, but certain clinical or biochemical markers reflecting underlying disease characteristics may help to identify subgroups of patients that benefit from statin therapy. In patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing chronic hemodialysis, rosuvastatin had no effect on reducing cardiovascular events. Although there is a slightly increased risk of incident diabetes with this class of agents, the absolute benefits of statin therapy on cardiovascular events overweigh the risk in patients with moderate or high cardiovascular risk or with documented cardiovascular disease. As with other statins, rosuvastatin is an appropriate therapy in addition to antihypertensive treatment to reduce cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Hu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Talavera JO, Martinez G, Cervantes JL, Marin JA, Rodriguez-Briones I, Gonzalez JG, Ocampo R, Sanchez-Mijangos H, Bernal-Rosales LP, Polanco A. A double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effect of statin therapy on triglyceride levels in Mexican hypertriglyceridemic patients. Curr Med Res Opin 2013; 29:379-86. [PMID: 23323877 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2013.766590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The most prevalent dyslipidemias in Mexico are low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and high triglyceride (TG) levels. Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) has been considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of rosuvastatin (RSV) in reducing TG levels in Mexican patients. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, multicenter, phase IV study was conducted. Patients were of both genders, ≥ 18 years old, with basal TG levels between 200 and 800 mg/dl, LDL levels ≤ 190 mg/dl. Patients were randomized to receive rosuvastatin 10 mg (Group 1), 20 mg (Group 2) or placebo (Group 3) once daily for 8 weeks. Primary efficacy was TG level; secondary efficacy was non-HDL; HDL, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), Apo (apolipoprotein) A1, and ApoB. Safety data were evaluated up to 30 days after the last dose of medication. The Mann-Whitney U-test was performed to contrast each RSV groups against placebo; p < 0.05 was considered significant. Trial registry number is NCT00473655. RESULTS A total of 334 patients were randomized: Group 1 = 111, Group 2 = 112, and Group 3 = 111. Basal TG median value levels were 278 mg/dl, 266 mg/dl, 279 mg/dl with median reduction (MdR) at 8 weeks of 26.6%, 32.19% and 7.58%, respectively, (Group 1 vs. Group 3 p = 0.002, and Group 2 vs. Group 3 p < 0.0001). Basal non-HDL values were 179 mg/dl, 180 mg/dl and 179 mg/dl with a MdR of 27%, 32% and 8%, respectively (Group 1 vs. Group 3 p < 0.0001, and Group 2 vs. Group 3 p < 0.0001); basal LDL vales were 130 mg/dl, 130 mg/dl and 127 mg/dl with MdR 35%, 44% and -4% (Group 1 vs. Group 3 p < 0.0001, Group 2 vs. Group 3 p < 0.0001); basal ApoB values were 114 mg/dl, 115 mg/dl and 110.5 mg/dl with MdR 25%, 33% and -0.5% (Group 1 vs. Group 3 p < 0.0001, Group 2 vs. Group 3 p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Rosuvastatin 10 and 20 mg/day significantly reduced triglycerides and improved atherogenic lipid profile in HTG Mexican patients. The main limitation was the short follow-up time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Osvaldo Talavera
- Clinical Research Training Center, National Medical Center, XXI Century, Social Security Mexican Institute, F.D., Mexico
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Brahm A, Hegele RA. Hypertriglyceridemia. Nutrients 2013; 5:981-1001. [PMID: 23525082 PMCID: PMC3705331 DOI: 10.3390/nu5030981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is commonly encountered in lipid and cardiology clinics. Severe HTG warrants treatment because of the associated increased risk of acute pancreatitis. However, the need to treat, and the correct treatment approach for patients with mild to moderate HTG are issues for ongoing evaluation. In the past, it was felt that triglyceride does not directly contribute to development of atherosclerotic plaques. However, this view is evolving, especially for triglyceride-related fractions and variables measured in the non-fasting state. Our understanding of the etiology, genetics and classification of HTG states is also evolving. Previously, HTG was considered to be a dominant disorder associated with variation within a single gene. The old nomenclature includes the term "familial" in the names of several hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) phenotypes that included HTG as part of their profile, including combined hyperlipidemia (HLP type 2B), dysbetalipoproteinemia (HLP type 3), simple HTG (HLP type 4) and mixed hyperlipidemia (HLP type 5). This old thinking has given way to the idea that genetic susceptibility to HTG results from cumulative effects of multiple genetic variants acting in concert. HTG most is often a "polygenic" or "multigenic" trait. However, a few rare autosomal recessive forms of severe HTG have been defined. Treatment depends on the overall clinical context, including severity of HTG, concomitant presence of other lipid disturbances, and the patient's global risk of cardiovascular disease. Therapeutic strategies include dietary counselling, lifestyle management, control of secondary factors, use of omega-3 preparations and selective use of pharmaceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Brahm
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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Teramoto T, Shirai K, Daida H, Yamada N. Effects of bezafibrate on lipid and glucose metabolism in dyslipidemic patients with diabetes: the J-BENEFIT study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012; 11:29. [PMID: 22439599 PMCID: PMC3342914 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hypoglycemic effect of bezafibrate is well established, but administration to a large population of patients with diabetes has not been reported. We investigated glycemic control, relationship between lipid metabolism and HbA1c, and safety in diabetic patients treated with bezafibrate. METHODS A prospective, observational analysis was conducted on 6,407 dyslipidemic patients suffering from diabetes or hyperglycemia who had not received bezafibrate previously. Subanalyses were performed on the concomitant use of diabetes drugs, diabetes duration, and baseline HbA1c levels. RESULTS Bezafibrate significantly decreased HbA1c irrespective of concomitant use of other diabetes drugs in a baseline-HbA1c-dependent manner, with patients with a shorter diabetes duration showing a greater decrease in HbA1c than those with longer-term disease. The rate of change in triglyceride levels was significantly associated with that in HbA1c. Adverse drug reactions occurred in 306 patients (5.1%), of which reactions in 289 were not severe (94.4%). CONCLUSIONS Bezafibrate significantly improved HbA1c in patients with diabetes given individualized treatment. Bezafibrate may offer clinicians an improved modality for the amelioration of disease course and improvement of outcome in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamio Teramoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Effects of fibrates on C-reactive protein concentrations: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 50:391-7. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2011.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe effects of fibrates on C-reactive protein (CRP) are controversial. This meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize the available clinical trial evidence and summarize the effects of fibrates on CRP concentrations. In addition, this study assessed the relationship between changes in CRP and lipid measures.A systematic search was conducted of randomized controlled trials on the effects of fibrates on CRP concentrations in the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library Database up to January 2011. A meta-analysis was performed using a random effect model. Meta-regression analysis was employed to assess the relationships between average change in CRP and lipid profiles.Sixteen randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with placebo, treatment with fibrates significantly decreased CRP concentrations (weighted mean difference –0.47 mg/L, 95% confidence interval –0.93 to –0.01 mg/L, p=0.046). Fibrates significantly reduced CRP concentrations in trials with a higher baseline CRP concentrations (≥3 mg/L). There was a significant correlation between change in CRP and change in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (regression coefficient or slope=–2.03, 95% CI –3.20 to –0.87, p=0.001).Fibrates can reduce CRP concentrations and change in CRP was correlated with change in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol but not with triglyceride. These findings suggest that patients with dyslipidemia could benefit from fibrates treatment by CRP lowering and this benefit is associated with lipid profile improving.
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Abstract
Discutiremos um raro caso clínico de rabdomiólise ocorrido após um exercício físico habitual e não intenso, em paciente masculino de 34 anos e os prováveis fatores desencadeantes envolvidos, bem como suas implicações clínicas. Destacando-se a elevação expressiva e não vista em outros trabalhos como da creatinoquinase, enzimas hepáticas, e as medidas clínicas adotadas para a prevenção de complicações renais sérias e com risco grave para o paciente em análise.
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Kostapanos MS, Milionis HJ, Elisaf MS. Rosuvastatin-associated adverse effects and drug-drug interactions in the clinical setting of dyslipidemia. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2010; 10:11-28. [PMID: 20104931 DOI: 10.2165/13168600-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are the mainstay in the pharmacologic management of dyslipidemia. Since they are widely prescribed, their safety remains an issue of concern. Rosuvastatin has been proven to be efficacious in improving serum lipid profiles. Recently published data from the JUPITER study confirmed the efficacy of this statin in primary prevention for older patients with multiple risk factors and evidence of inflammation. Rosuvastatin exhibits high hydrophilicity and hepatoselectivity, as well as low systemic bioavailability, while undergoing minimal metabolism via the cytochrome P450 system. Therefore, rosuvastatin has an interesting pharmacokinetic profile that is different from that of other statins. However, it remains to be established whether this may translate into a better safety profile and fewer drug-drug interactions for this statin compared with others. Herein, we review evidence with regard to the safety of this statin as well as its interactions with agents commonly prescribed in the clinical setting. As with other statins, rosuvastatin treatment is associated with relatively low rates of severe myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and renal failure. Asymptomatic liver enzyme elevations occur with rosuvastatin at a similarly low incidence as with other statins. Rosuvastatin treatment has also been associated with adverse effects related to the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system, which are also commonly observed with many other drugs. Proteinuria induced by rosuvastatin is likely to be associated with a statin-provoked inhibition of low-molecular-weight protein reabsorption by the renal tubules. Higher doses of rosuvastatin have been associated with cases of renal failure. Also, the co-administration of rosuvastatin with drugs that increase rosuvastatin blood levels may be deleterious for the kidney. Furthermore, rhabdomyolysis, considered a class effect of statins, is known to involve renal damage. Concerns have been raised by findings from the JUPITER study suggesting that rosuvastatin may slightly increase the incidence of physician-reported diabetes mellitus, as well as the levels of glycated hemoglobin in older patients with multiple risk factors and low-grade inflammation. Clinical trials proposed no increase in the incidence of neoplasias with rosuvastatin treatment compared with placebo. Drugs that antagonize organic anion transporter protein 1B1-mediated hepatic uptake of rosuvastatin are more likely to interact with this statin. Clinicians should be cautious when rosuvastatin is co-administered with vitamin K antagonists, cyclosporine (ciclosporin), gemfibrozil, and antiretroviral agents since a potential pharmacokinetic interaction with those drugs may increase the risk of toxicity. On the other hand, rosuvastatin combination treatment with fenofibrate, ezetimibe, omega-3-fatty acids, antifungal azoles, rifampin (rifampicin), or clopidogrel seems to be safe, as there is no evidence to support any pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic interaction of rosuvastatin with any of these drugs. Rosuvastatin therefore appears to be relatively safe and well tolerated, sharing the adverse effects that are considered class effects of statins. Practitioners of all medical practices should be alert when rosuvastatin is prescribed concomitantly with agents that may increase the risk of rosuvastatin-associated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Kostapanos
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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22
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Gray J, Edwards SJ, Lip GYH. Comparison of sequential rosuvastatin doses in hypercholesterolaemia: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Curr Med Res Opin 2010; 26:537-47. [PMID: 20028194 DOI: 10.1185/03007990903513980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rosuvastatin is an effective treatment for patients with hypercholesterolaemia. However, the incremental benefit and risk of increasing through the licensed dose range have not been comprehensively assessed across all available clinical trials. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The literature databases CENTRAL, EMBASE, and MEDLINE were searched in April 2008 for trials with comparisons of sequential licensed rosuvastatin dosages: 5 vs. 10 mg/day, 10 vs. 20 mg/day, and 20 vs. 40 mg/day. Clinical trial registries were also searched. For benefit outcomes, weighted mean differences were derived using the inverse variance method. For risk outcomes, the Mantel-Haenszel method was used to calculate a summary relative risk. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 26 trials. The results demonstrated significantly favourable changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level with increasing dosage (by 6.25, 5.84, and 5.03 percentage points for 10 vs. 5 mg/day, 20 vs. 10 mg/day, and 40 vs. 20 mg/day, respectively), and also in the ratios of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A-I (all p < 0.00001). In addition, a significantly favourable change in HDL-C level was found with 20 mg/day over 10 mg/day (p = 0.02). Among the primary tolerability comparisons, no significant differences in risk were seen for muscular, hepatic, or renal adverse events, with only one exception: the risk of proteinuria by urine dipstick testing was significantly higher with rosuvastatin 40 mg/day than 20 mg/day (p = 0.01). The efficacy outcomes assessed in this meta-analysis are limited to surrogate markers of morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis provides evidence for improved efficacy in treating patients with hypercholesterolaemia with each sequential titration of rosuvastatin and a generally consistent tolerability profile across the dose range.
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Maki KC, Dicklin MR, Lawless A, Reeves MS. Omega-3 fatty acids for the treatment of elevated triglycerides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.09.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kurabayashi M, Yamazaki T, SUBARU Study Group. Superior Benefit of Aggressive Lipid-Lowering Therapy for High- Risk Patients Using Statins: the SUBARU Study -More Hypercholesterolemic Patients Achieve Japan Atherosclerosis Society LDL-C Goals with Rosuvastatin Therapy than with Atorvastatin Therapy. J Atheroscler Thromb 2008; 15:314-23. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.e567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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