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Biernat K, Kuciel N, Mazurek J, Hap K. Is It Possible to Train the Endothelium?-A Narrative Literature Review. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:616. [PMID: 38792637 PMCID: PMC11121998 DOI: 10.3390/life14050616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of current knowledge regarding the adaptive effects of physical training on the endothelium. The endothelium plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of vessel walls and regulating vascular tone, structure, and homeostasis. Regular exercise, known for its promotion of cardiovascular health, can enhance endothelial function through various mechanisms. The specific health benefits derived from exercise are contingent upon the type and intensity of physical training. The review examines current clinical evidence supporting exercise's protective effects on the vascular endothelium and identifies potential therapeutic targets for endothelial dysfunction. There is an urgent need to develop preventive strategies and gain a deeper understanding of the distinct impacts of exercise on the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Kuciel
- University Rehabilitation Centre, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.B.); (J.M.); (K.H.)
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2
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Ibrahim DM, Fomina A, Bouten CVC, Smits AIPM. Functional regeneration at the blood-biomaterial interface. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 201:115085. [PMID: 37690484 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of cardiovascular implants is commonplace in clinical practice. However, reproducing the key bioactive and adaptive properties of native cardiovascular tissues with an artificial replacement is highly challenging. Exciting new treatment strategies are under development to regenerate (parts of) cardiovascular tissues directly in situ using immunomodulatory biomaterials. Direct exposure to the bloodstream and hemodynamic loads is a particular challenge, given the risk of thrombosis and adverse remodeling that it brings. However, the blood is also a source of (immune) cells and proteins that dominantly contribute to functional tissue regeneration. This review explores the potential of the blood as a source for the complete or partial in situ regeneration of cardiovascular tissues, with a particular focus on the endothelium, being the natural blood-tissue barrier. We pinpoint the current scientific challenges to enable rational engineering and testing of blood-contacting implants to leverage the regenerative potential of the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina M Ibrahim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Aleksandra Fomina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Graduate School of Life Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Anthal I P M Smits
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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3
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Amraotkar AR, Owolabi US, Malovichko MV, Majid S, Weisbrod RM, Benjamin EJ, Fetterman JL, Hirsch GA, Srivastava S, Poudel R, Robertson RM, Bhatnagar A, Hamburg NM, Keith RJ. Association of electronic cigarette use with circulating angiogenic cell levels in healthy young adults: Evidence for chronic systemic injury. Vasc Med 2023; 28:18-27. [PMID: 36503365 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x221126205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) are indicative of vascular health and repair capacity; however, their relationship with chronic e-cigarette use is unclear. This study aims to assess the association between e-cigarette use and CAC levels. METHODS We analyzed CAC levels in 324 healthy participants aged 21-45 years from the cross-sectional Cardiovascular Injury due to Tobacco Use study in four groups: never tobacco users (n = 65), sole e-cigarette users (n = 19), sole combustible cigarette users (n = 212), and dual users (n = 28). A total of 15 CAC subpopulations with four cell surface markers were measured using flow cytometry: CD146 (endothelial), CD34 (stem), CD45 (leukocyte), and AC133 (early progenitor/stem). Generalized linear models with gamma distribution and log-link were generated to assess association between CACs and smoking status. Benjamini-Hochberg were used to adjust p-values for multiple comparisons. RESULTS The cohort was 47% female, 51% Black/African American, with a mean (± SD) age of 31 ± 7 years. Sole cigarette use was significantly associated with higher levels of two endothelial marker CACs (Q ⩽ 0.05). Dual users had higher levels of four endothelial marker CACs and one early progenitor/stem marker CAC (Q ⩽ 0.05). Sole e-cigarette users had higher levels of one endothelial and one leukocyte marker CAC (Q ⩽ 0.05). CONCLUSION Dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes was associated with higher levels of endothelial origin CACs, indicative of vascular injury. Sole use of e-cigarettes was associated with higher endothelial and inflammatory CACs, suggesting ongoing systemic injury. Distinct patterns of changes in CAC subpopulations suggest that CACs may be informative biomarkers of changes in vascular health due to tobacco product use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok R Amraotkar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ugochukwu S Owolabi
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Marina V Malovichko
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sana Majid
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert M Weisbrod
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica L Fetterman
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Glenn A Hirsch
- Department of Cardiology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Sanjay Srivastava
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,Superfund Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ram Poudel
- American Heart Association, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Naomi M Hamburg
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel J Keith
- Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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4
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Zheng Y, Xu L, Dong N, Li F. NLRP3 inflammasome: The rising star in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:927061. [PMID: 36204568 PMCID: PMC9530053 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.927061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the prevalent cause of mortality around the world. Activation of inflammasome contributes to the pathological progression of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, myocardial infarction, dilated cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and calcific aortic valve disease. The nucleotide oligomerization domain-, leucine-rich repeat-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a critical role in the innate immune response, requiring priming and activation signals to provoke the inflammation. Evidence shows that NLRP3 inflammasome not only boosts the cleavage and release of IL-1 family cytokines, but also leads to a distinct cell programmed death: pyroptosis. The significance of NLRP3 inflammasome in the CVDs-related inflammation has been extensively explored. In this review, we summarized current understandings of the function of NLRP3 inflammasome in CVDs and discussed possible therapeutic options targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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5
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Liu RS, Li B, Li WD, Du XL, Li XQ. miRNA-130 Promotes Migration and Angiogenesis of Endothelial Progenitor Cells Through PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathways. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.2658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
<sec> <title>Aim:</title> In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of miRNA-130a in human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) involved in Deep vein thrombosis (DVT). </sec> <sec> <title>Methods:</title>
EPCs were isolated and identified by cell morphology and surface marker detection. The effect of miR-130a on the migration, invasion and angiogenesis of EPCs in vitro were also detected. In addition, whether miR-130a is involved in the MMP-1 expression and Akt/PI3K/mTOR signaling
pathway was also demonstrated. </sec> <sec> <title>Results:</title> Results suggested that miRNA-130a promotes migration, invasion, and tube formation of EPCs by positively regulating the expression of MMP-1 through Akt/PI3K/mTOR signaling pathway.
</sec> <sec> <title>Conclusion:</title> Thus, as a potential therapeutic target, miRNA-130a may play an important role in the treatment of DVT. </sec>
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Sheng Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, JS 512, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, JS 512, China
| | - Wen-Dong Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, JS 25, China
| | - Xiao-Long Du
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, JS 25, China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, JS 512, China
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Liu ZY, Yang QX, Cao Y, Pan HW, Rong JJ, Ling J, Tang Y, He J, Wang CL, Peng X, Zou QC, Zhang L, Zheng J, Wang J, Zhang Y, Peng JQ, Xiong LB, Liu F, Ying ZH, Zheng ZF, Zhang BL. CXCR4 protects bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells against hypoxia through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1200. [PMID: 34584545 PMCID: PMC8422402 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) on endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway under hypoxic conditions. Mononuclear cells were isolated from the bone marrow (BM) of young Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (BM-EPCs) were characterized by using Dil-labeled acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Dil-ac-LDL) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled UEA (FITC-UEA-1). Phenotype identification of BM-EPCs was based on red cytoplasm and green cytomembrane. Flow cytometry was employed to examine the markers CD14, CD34, and KDR. Expression level of the EPC-specific surface marker CD14 was found to be negative, while the expression level of CD34 and KDR was positive. In addition, CXCR4 was stably overexpressed in BM-EPCs after transfection with adenovirus-CXCR4. Cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis abilities were measured through the application of CCK-8, followed by Transwell and flow cytometry assays. The expression level of CXCR4, PI3K and Akt was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting assays. Functional experiments demonstrated that hypoxia inhibited BM-EPC proliferation and migration, while accelerating BM-EPC apoptosis. Additionally, CXCR4 was found to promote proliferation and migration, and suppress apoptosis in BM-EPCs with or without hypoxia treatment. Evidence also demonstrated that CXCR4 markedly upregulated the expression levels of PI3K and Akt. Furthermore, PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) and CXCR4 inhibitor (AMD3100) effectively inhibited the proliferation, migration and resistance to apoptosis of CXCR4-mediated BM-EPCs under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Heart Failure of Hunan Province, Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Xia Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Emergency, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China.,Emergency and Critical Care Metabolomic Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Wei Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Heart Failure of Hunan Province, Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Rong
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Heart Failure of Hunan Province, Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ling
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Heart Failure of Hunan Province, Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Heart Failure of Hunan Province, Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Lu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Heart Failure of Hunan Province, Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Heart Failure of Hunan Province, Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Qiong-Chao Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Heart Failure of Hunan Province, Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Heart Failure of Hunan Province, Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Zheng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Research, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Jia Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Research, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Heart Failure of Hunan Province, Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Qiang Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Heart Failure of Hunan Province, Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Lan-Bing Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Hui Ying
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People's Hospital), Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Fen Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China.,Clinical Research Center for Heart Failure of Hunan Province, Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Bai-Ling Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, Jishou, Hunan 416000, P.R. China
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7
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Schiano C, Grimaldi V, Scognamiglio M, Costa D, Soricelli A, Nicoletti GF, Napoli C. Soft drinks and sweeteners intake: Possible contribution to the development of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Beneficial or detrimental action of alternative sweeteners? Food Res Int 2021; 142:110220. [PMID: 33773688 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has been related to the rise in sugar-added foods and sweetened beverages consumption. An interesting approach has been to replace sugar with alternative sweeteners (AS), due to their impact on public health. Preclinical and clinical studies, which analyze the safety of AS intake, are still limited. Major pathogenic mechanisms of these substances include ROS and AGEs formation. Indeed, endothelial dysfunction involving in the pathogenesis of micro- and macro-vascular diseases is mitochondrial dysfunction dependent. Hyperglycemia and endoplasmic reticulum stress together produce ROS, contributing to the development and progression of cardiovascular complications during type 2 diabetes (T2D), thus causing oxidative changes and direct damage of lipids, proteins, and DNA. Epidemiological studies in healthy subjects have suggested that the consumption of artificial AS can promote CV complications, such as glucose intolerance and predisposition to the onset of T2D, whereas natural AS could reduce hyperglycemia, improve lipid metabolism and have antioxidant effects. Long-term prospective clinical randomized studies are needed to evaluate precisely whether exposure to alternative sugars can have clinical implications on natural history and clinical outcomes, especially in children or during the gestational period through breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Schiano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Michele Scognamiglio
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units, Division of Clinical Immunology and Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine, and Transplant Immunology [SIMT], Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology [LIT], Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Costa
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units, Division of Clinical Immunology and Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine, and Transplant Immunology [SIMT], Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology [LIT], Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy; Department of Exercise and Wellness Sciences, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy; Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units, Division of Clinical Immunology and Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine, and Transplant Immunology [SIMT], Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology [LIT], Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), Naples, Italy
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8
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Miceli M, Baldi D, Cavaliere C, Soricelli A, Salvatore M, Napoli C. Peripheral artery disease: the new frontiers of imaging techniques to evaluate the evolution of regenerative medicine. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2019; 17:511-532. [PMID: 31220944 DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2019.1635012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Stem cells (ESC, iPSC, MSC) are known to have intrinsic regenerative properties. In the last decades numerous findings have favored the development of innovative therapeutic protocols based on the use of stem cells (Regenerative Medicine/Cell Therapy) for the treatment of numerous diseases including PAD, with promising results in preclinical studies. So far, several clinical studies have shown a general improvement of the patient's clinical outcome, however they possess many critical issues caused by the non-randomized design of the limited number of patients examined, the type cells to be used, their dosage, the short duration of treatment and also their delivery strategy. Areas covered: In this context, the use of the most advanced molecular imaging techniques will allow the visualization of very important physio-pathological processes otherwise invisible with conventional techniques, such as angiogenesis, also providing important structural and functional data. Expert opinion: The new frontier of cell therapy applied to PAD, potentially able to stop or even the process that causes the disease, with particular emphasis on the clinical aspects that different types of cells involve and on the use of more innovative molecular imaging techniques now available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrea Soricelli
- a IRCCS SDN , Naples , Italy.,b Department of Exercise and Wellness Sciences , University of Naples Parthenope , Naples , Italy
| | | | - Claudio Napoli
- a IRCCS SDN , Naples , Italy.,c University Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialty Medicine , Università degli Studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' , Napes , Italy
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9
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Schiano C, Grimaldi V, Boccella S, Iannotta M, Zullo A, Luongo L, Mancini FP, Maione S, Napoli C. Sweeteners modulate bioactivity of endothelial progenitor cells but not induce detrimental effects both on inflammation and behavioural changes. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 70:725-737. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1563052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenzo Grimaldi
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Geriatric Sciences, U.O.C. Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Università degli Studi della Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Serena Boccella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology ‘L. Donatelli’, Università degli Studi della Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Iannotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology ‘L. Donatelli’, Università degli Studi della Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Zullo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Livio Luongo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology ‘L. Donatelli’, Università degli Studi della Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology ‘L. Donatelli’, Università degli Studi della Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Geriatric Sciences, U.O.C. Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Università degli Studi della Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy
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10
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Sommese L, Benincasa G, Lanza M, Sorriento A, Schiano C, Lucchese R, Alfano R, Nicoletti GF, Napoli C. Novel epigenetic-sensitive clinical challenges both in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2018; 32:1076-1084. [PMID: 30190170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetics modulated tissue-specific gene expression during the onset of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and their complications. METHODS We searched the PubMed recent studies about the main epigenetic tags involved in type 1 and type 2 diabetes onset and their clinical complications. PubMed studies about the epigenetic tags involved in type 1 and 2 diabetes onset was searched. RESULTS The epigenetic methylation maps of cord blood samples highlighted differences in the methylation status of CpG sites within the MHC genes between carriers of diabetes type 1 DR3-DQ2 and DR4-DQ8 risk haplotypes. β cell-derived unmethylated INS DNA showed the decline of β-cell mass preserving insulin secretion. Differentially methylated regions in pancreatic islets from type 2 diabetes covered PDX1, TCF7L2, and ADCY5 promoters during islet dysfunction. The recruitment of SET7 and SUV39H1 histone methyltransferases and LSD-1 lysine-specific demethylase-1 at NF-kβ-p65 promoter in vascular cells was involved in coronary heart disease. Neutrophil extracellular trap, activated by protein arginine deiminase-4, impaired wound healing from diabetic foot ulcers. MiR-199a-3p over-expression induced coagulative cascade, swelling and pain by a down-regulation of SERPIN-E2 in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. A DNA hypo-methylation and histone hyper-acetylation at MIOX promoter led an overexpression of ROS, fibronectin, HIF-1α, and NOX-4 associated with diabetic tubulopathy. A hypo-methylation of H3K4 at SOD2 promoter by LSD-1 increased ROS causing diabetic retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS Epigenetics played a relevant role in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers/analysis
- DNA Methylation/physiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/diagnosis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy
- Diabetic Foot/genetics
- Epigenesis, Genetic/physiology
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Humans
- Precision Medicine/methods
- Precision Medicine/trends
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/drug effects
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sommese
- U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy.
| | - Giuditta Benincasa
- U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine, Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Michele Lanza
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Sorriento
- U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine, Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Lucchese
- U.O.C. Division of Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine, Department of Internal and Specialty Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Alfano
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Geriatric Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- IRCCS SDN, Naples, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Geriatric Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
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Khatami M. Cancer; an induced disease of twentieth century! Induction of tolerance, increased entropy and 'Dark Energy': loss of biorhythms (Anabolism v. Catabolism). Clin Transl Med 2018; 7:20. [PMID: 29961900 PMCID: PMC6026585 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-018-0193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of health involves a synchronized network of catabolic and anabolic signals among organs/tissues/cells that requires differential bioenergetics from mitochondria and glycolysis (biological laws or biorhythms). We defined biological circadian rhythms as Yin (tumoricidal) and Yang (tumorigenic) arms of acute inflammation (effective immunity) involving immune and non-immune systems. Role of pathogens in altering immunity and inducing diseases and cancer has been documented for over a century. However, in 1955s decision makers in cancer/medical establishment allowed public (current baby boomers) to consume million doses of virus-contaminated polio vaccines. The risk of cancer incidence and mortality sharply rose from 5% (rate of hereditary/genetic or innate disease) in 1900s, to its current scary status of 33% or 50% among women and men, respectively. Despite better hygiene, modern detection technologies and discovery of antibiotics, baby boomers and subsequent 2–3 generations are sicker than previous generations at same age. American health status ranks last among other developed nations while America invests highest amount of resources for healthcare. In this perspective we present evidence that cancer is an induced disease of twentieth century, facilitated by a great deception of cancer/medical establishment for huge corporate profits. Unlike popularized opinions that cancer is 100, 200 or 1000 diseases, we demonstrate that cancer is only one disease; the severe disturbances in biorhythms (differential bioenergetics) or loss of balance in Yin and Yang of effective immunity. Cancer projects that are promoted and funded by decision makers are reductionist approaches, wrong and unethical and resulted in loss of millions of precious lives and financial toxicity to society. Public vaccination with pathogen-specific vaccines (e.g., flu, hepatitis, HPV, meningitis, measles) weakens, not promotes, immunity. Results of irresponsible projects on cancer sciences or vaccines are increased population of drug-dependent sick society. Outcome failure rates of claimed ‘targeted’ drugs, ‘precision’ or ‘personalized’ medicine are 90% (± 5) for solid tumors. We demonstrate that aging, frequent exposures to environmental hazards, infections and pathogen-specific vaccines and ingredients are ‘antigen overload’ for immune system, skewing the Yin and Yang response profiles and leading to induction of ‘mild’, ‘moderate’ or ‘severe’ immune disorders. Induction of decoy or pattern recognition receptors (e.g., PRRs), such as IRAK-M or IL-1dRs (‘designer’ molecules) and associated genomic instability and over-expression of growth promoting factors (e.g., pyruvate kinases, mTOR and PI3Ks, histamine, PGE2, VEGF) could lead to immune tolerance, facilitating cancer cells to hijack anabolic machinery of immunity (Yang) for their increased growth requirements. Expression of constituent embryonic factors would negatively regulate differentiation of tumor cells through epithelial–mesenchymal-transition and create “dual negative feedback loop” that influence tissue metabolism under hypoxic conditions. It is further hypothesized that induction of tolerance creates ‘dark energy’ and increased entropy and temperature in cancer microenvironment allowing disorderly cancer proliferation and mitosis along with increased glucose metabolism via Crabtree and Pasteur Effects, under mitophagy and ribophagy, conditions that are toxic to host survival. Effective translational medicine into treatment requires systematic and logical studies of complex interactions of tumor cells with host environment that dictate clinical outcomes. Promoting effective immunity (biological circadian rhythms) are fundamental steps in correcting host differential bioenergetics and controlling cancer growth, preventing or delaying onset of diseases and maintaining public health. The author urges independent professionals and policy makers to take a closer look at cancer dilemma and stop the ‘scientific/medical ponzi schemes’ of a powerful group that control a drug-dependent sick society before all hopes for promoting public health evaporate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Khatami
- Inflammation, Aging and Cancer, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Picascia A, Pagliuca C, Sommese L, Colicchio R, Casamassimi A, Labonia F, Pastore G, Pagliarulo C, Cicatiello AG, Castaldo F, Schiano C, Maiello C, Mezza E, D'Armiento FP, Salvatore P, Napoli C. Seroprevalence of Bartonella henselae in patients awaiting heart transplant in Southern Italy. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2017; 50:239-244. [PMID: 26051222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bartonella henselae is the etiologic agent of cat-scratch disease. B. henselae infections are responsible for a widening spectrum of human diseases, although often symptomless, ranging from self-limited to life-threatening and show different courses and organ involvement due to the balance between host and pathogen. The role of the host immune response to B. henselae is critical in preventing progression to systemic disease. Indeed in immunocompromised patients, such as solid organ transplant patients, B. henselae results in severe disseminated disease and pathologic vasoproliferation. The purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of B. henselae in patients awaiting heart transplant compared to healthy individuals enrolled in the Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology of Second University of Naples. METHODS Serum samples of 38 patients awaiting heart transplant in comparison to 50 healthy donors were examined using immunfluorescence assay. RESULTS We found a B. henselae significant antibody positivity rate of 21% in patients awaiting heart transplant (p = 0.002). There was a positive rate of 8% (p > 0.05) for immunoglobulin (Ig)M and a significant value of 13% (p = 0.02) for IgG, whereas controls were negative both for IgM and IgG antibodies against B. henselae. The differences in comorbidity between cases and controls were statistically different (1.41 ± 0.96 vs 0.42 ± 0.32; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Although this study was conducted in a small number of patients, we suggest that the identification of these bacteria should be included as a routine screening analysis in pretransplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Picascia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy; U.O.C. Division of Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.
| | - Chiara Pagliuca
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy; Department of Integrated Activities of Laboratory Medicine, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | - Linda Sommese
- U.O.C. Division of Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Colicchio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy; Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development (SDN), Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Naples, Italy
| | - Amelia Casamassimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Labonia
- Department of Integrated Activities of Laboratory Medicine, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabiria Pastore
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Caterina Pagliarulo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Castaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Schiano
- Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development (SDN), Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Maiello
- Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, Monaldi Hospital, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ernesto Mezza
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Pathology, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo D'Armiento
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Pathology, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Salvatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- U.O.C. Division of Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy; Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development (SDN), Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Naples, Italy
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Reply to: "Endothelial progenitor cell release is usually considered a beneficial effect: Problems in interpreting the acute effects of e-cigarette use". Atherosclerosis 2017; 258:164-165. [PMID: 28159320 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Li Q, Xia S, Fang H, Pan J, Jia Y, Deng G. VEGF treatment promotes bone marrow-derived CXCR4 + mesenchymal stromal stem cell differentiation into vessel endothelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:449-454. [PMID: 28352314 PMCID: PMC5348687 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem/progenitor cells serve an important role in the process of blood vessel repair. However, the mechanism of vascular repair mediated by C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4-positive (CXCR4+) bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) following myocardial infarction remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on vessel endothelial differentiation from BMSCs. CXCR4+ BMSCs were isolated from the femoral bone marrow of 2-month-old mice and the cells were treated with VEGF. Expression of endothelial cell markers and the functional properties were assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry and vascular formation analyses. The results indicated that the CXCR4+ BMSCs from femoral bone marrow cells expressed putative cell surface markers of mesenchymal stem cells. Treatment with VEGF induced platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) expression at the transcriptional and translational levels, compared with untreated controls. Moreover, VEGF treatment induced CXCR4+ BMSCs to form hollow tube-like structures on Matrigel, suggesting that the differentiated endothelial cells had the functional properties of blood vessels. The results demonstrate that the CXCR4+ BMSCs were able to differentiate into vessel endothelial cells following VEGF treatment. For cell transplantation in vascular disease, it may be concluded that CXCR4+ BMSCs are a novel source of endothelial progenitor cells with high potential for application in vascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, P.R. China
| | - Shudong Xia
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, P.R. China
| | - Hanyun Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Yueqing, Yueqing, Zhejiang 325608, P.R. China
| | - Jiansheng Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Yueqing, Yueqing, Zhejiang 325608, P.R. China
| | - Yinfeng Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Yueqing, Yueqing, Zhejiang 325608, P.R. China
| | - Gang Deng
- The Ningbo Central Blood Station, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
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Khatami M. Is cancer a severe delayed hypersensitivity reaction and histamine a blueprint? Clin Transl Med 2016; 5:35. [PMID: 27558401 PMCID: PMC4996813 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-016-0108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Longevity and accumulation of multiple context-dependent signaling pathways of long-standing inflammation (antigen-load or oxidative stress) are the results of decreased/altered regulation of immunity and loss of control switch mechanisms that we defined as Yin and Yang of acute inflammation or immune surveillance. Chronic inflammation is initiated by immune disruptors-induced progressive changes in physiology and function of susceptible host tissues that lead to increased immune suppression and multistep disease processes including carcinogenesis. The interrelated multiple hypotheses that are presented for the first time in this article are extension of author's earlier series of 'accidental' discoveries on the role of inflammation in developmental stages of immune dysfunction toward tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. Detailed analyses of data on chronic diseases suggest that nearly all age-associated illnesses, generally categorized as 'mild' (e.g., increased allergies), 'moderate' (e.g., hypertension, colitis, gastritis, pancreatitis, emphysema) or 'severe' (e.g., accelerated neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases or site-specific cancers and metastasis) are variations of hypersensitivity responses of tissues that are manifested as different diseases in immune-responsive or immune-privileged tissues. Continuous release/presence of low level histamine (subclinical) in circulation could contribute to sustained oxidative stress and induction of 'mild' or 'moderate' or 'severe' (immune tsunami) immune disorders in susceptible tissues. Site-specific cancers are proposed to be 'severe' (irreversible) forms of cumulative delayed hypersensitivity responses that would induce immunological chaos in favor of tissue growth in target tissues. Shared or special features of growth from fetus development into adulthood and aging processes and carcinogenesis are briefly compared with regard to energy requirements of highly complex function of Yin and Yang. Features of Yang (growth-promoting) arm of acute inflammation during fetus and cancer growth will be compared for consuming low energy from glycolysis (Warburg effect). Growth of fetus and cancer cells under hypoxic conditions and impaired mitochondrial energy requirements of tissues including metabolism of essential branched amino acids (e.g., val, leu, isoleu) will be compared for proposing a working model for future systematic research on cancer biology, prevention and therapy. Presentation of a working model provides insightful clues into bioenergetics that are required for fetus growth (absence of external threat and lack of high energy-demands of Yin events and parasite-like survival in host), normal growth in adulthood (balance in Yin and Yang processes) or disease processes and carcinogenesis (loss of balance in Yin-Yang). Future studies require focusing on dynamics and promotion of natural/inherent balance between Yin (tumoricidal) and Yang (tumorigenic) of effective immunity that develop after birth. Lawless growth of cancerous cells and loss of cell contact inhibition could partially be due to impaired mitochondria (mitophagy) that influence metabolism of branched chain amino acids for biosynthesis of structural proteins. The author invites interested scientists with diverse expertise to provide comments, confirm, dispute and question and/or expand and collaborate on many components of the proposed working model with the goal to better understand cancer biology for future designs of cost-effective research and clinical trials and prevention of cancer. Initial events during oxidative stress-induced damages to DNA/RNA repair mechanisms and inappropriate expression of inflammatory mediators are potentially correctable, preventable or druggable, if future studies were to focus on systematic understanding of early altered immune response dynamics toward multistep chronic diseases and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Khatami
- National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
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16
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Endothelial progenitor cells accelerate the resolution of deep vein thrombosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 83:10-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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De Pascale MR, Bruzzese G, Crimi E, Grimaldi V, Liguori A, Brongo S, Barbieri M, Picascia A, Schiano C, Sommese L, Ferrara N, Paolisso G, Napoli C. Severe Type 2 Diabetes Induces Reversible Modifications of Endothelial Progenitor Cells Which are Ameliorate by Glycemic Control. Int J Stem Cells 2016; 9:137-44. [PMID: 27426095 PMCID: PMC4961113 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2016.9.1.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating endothelial progenitors cells (EPCs) play a critical role in neovascularization and endothelial repair. There is a growing evidence that hyperglycemia related to Diabetes Mellitus (DM) decreases EPC number and function so promoting vascular complications. Aim of the Study This study investigated whether an intensive glycemic control regimen in Type 2 DM can increase the number of EPCs and restores their function. Methods Sixty-two patients with Type 2 DM were studied. Patients were tested at baseline and after 3 months of an intensive regimen of glycemic control. The Type 2 DM group was compared to control group of subjects without diabetes. Patients with Type 2 DM (mean age 58.2±5.4 years, 25.6% women, disease duration of 15.4±6.3 years) had a baseline HgA1c of 8.7±0.5% and lower EPC levels (CD34+/KDR+) in comparison to healthy controls (p<0.01). Results The intensive glycemic control regimen (HgA1c decreased to 6.2±0.3%) was coupled with a significant increase of EPC levels (mean of 18%, p<0.04 vs. baseline) and number of EPCs CFUs (p<0.05 vs. baseline). Conclusion This study confirms that number and bioactivity of EPCs are reduced in patients with Type 2 DM and, most importantly, that the intensive glycemic control in Type 2 DM promotes EPC improvement both in their number and in bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosaria De Pascale
- U.O.C. Division of Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Second University of Naples
| | | | - Ettore Crimi
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, University of Florida, Shands Hospital, Florida, USA
| | - Vincenzo Grimaldi
- U.O.C. Division of Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Second University of Naples
| | - Antonio Liguori
- Division of Cardiology, ASL NA1, Pellegrini Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Brongo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Michelangela Barbieri
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Aging and Metabolic Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Picascia
- U.O.C. Division of Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Second University of Naples
| | | | - Linda Sommese
- U.O.C. Division of Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Second University of Naples
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Geriatrics Medicine, Department of Translational Medical Science, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Aging and Metabolic Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- U.O.C. Division of Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Second University of Naples.,Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Aging and Metabolic Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,IRCCS Foundation SDN, Naples, Italy
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Tan H, Song Y, Jin J, Zhao X, Chen J, Qing Z, Yu S, Huang L. vwF A3-GPI modification of EPCs accelerates reendothelialization of injured vessels via collagen targeting in mice. J Drug Target 2016; 24:744-51. [PMID: 26878652 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2016.1154563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Tan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaoming Song
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Jin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianfei Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhexue Qing
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiyong Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Pignalosa O, Martusciello D, De Pascale MR, Sommese L, Nicoletti GF, Itro A, Cavalca F, Tartaro G, Napoli C. Platelet Gel in a Non-Regenerating Cryosurgery-Induced Skin Wound in an Old Patient: A Case Report. Med Princ Pract 2016; 25:388-90. [PMID: 27165056 PMCID: PMC5588430 DOI: 10.1159/000446319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report on the clinical benefits of platelet gel application in a non-regenerating skin wound. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION An 84-year-old man presented with a severe wound with a regular circumference in the frontal region which resulted in a complete loss of epidermis and dermis. The skin lesion, induced by cryosurgery used to remove a basal-cell carcinoma, had previously been treated with a dermal substitute application (Integra®). After the failure of the skin graft, the patient was treated using a platelet gel therapeutic protocol which achieved the complete healing of the injured area. CONCLUSION This case showed the clinical efficacy of using platelet gel in this elderly patient in whom the dermal substitute graft had been ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Pignalosa
- Unità Operativa Complessa, Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Martusciello
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria R. De Pascale
- Unità Operativa Complessa, Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Linda Sommese
- Unità Operativa Complessa, Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Second University of Naples, Italy
- *Dr. Linda Sommese, UOC Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion, Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant, Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, IT—80138 Naples (Italy) E-Mail
| | - Giovanni F. Nicoletti
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Itro
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Cavalca
- Unità Operativa Complessa, Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Tartaro
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Unità Operativa Complessa, Clinical Immunology, Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Second University of Naples, Italy
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Williams PA, Silva EA. The Role of Synthetic Extracellular Matrices in Endothelial Progenitor Cell Homing for Treatment of Vascular Disease. Ann Biomed Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Isolation of Foreign Material-Free Endothelial Progenitor Cells Using CD31 Aptamer and Therapeutic Application for Ischemic Injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131785. [PMID: 26148001 PMCID: PMC4493074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can be isolated from human bone marrow or peripheral blood and reportedly contribute to neovascularization. Aptamers are 40-120-mer nucleotides that bind to a specific target molecule, as antibodies do. To utilize apatmers for isolation of EPCs, in the present study, we successfully generated aptamers that recognize human CD31, an endothelial cell marker. CD31 aptamers bound to human umbilical cord blood-derived EPCs and showed specific interaction with human CD31, but not with mouse CD31. However, CD31 aptamers showed non-specific interaction with CD31-negative 293FT cells and addition of polyanionic competitor dextran sulfate eliminated non-specific interaction without affecting cell viability. From the mixture of EPCs and 293FT cells, CD31 aptamers successfully isolated EPCs with 97.6% purity and 94.2% yield, comparable to those from antibody isolation. In addition, isolated EPCs were decoupled from CD31 aptamers with a brief treatment of high concentration dextran sulfate. EPCs isolated with CD31 aptamers and subsequently decoupled from CD31 aptamers were functional and enhanced the restoration of blood flow when transplanted into a murine hindlimb ischemia model. In this study, we demonstrated isolation of foreign material-free EPCs, which can be utilized as a universal protocol in preparation of cells for therapeutic transplantation.
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Beltran-Povea A, Caballano-Infantes E, Salguero-Aranda C, Martín F, Soria B, Bedoya FJ, Tejedo JR, Cahuana GM. Role of nitric oxide in the maintenance of pluripotency and regulation of the hypoxia response in stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:605-617. [PMID: 25914767 PMCID: PMC4404395 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i3.605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell pluripotency and differentiation are global processes regulated by several pathways that have been studied intensively over recent years. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important molecule that affects gene expression at the level of transcription and translation and regulates cell survival and proliferation in diverse cell types. In embryonic stem cells NO has a dual role, controlling differentiation and survival, but the molecular mechanisms by which it modulates these functions are not completely defined. NO is a physiological regulator of cell respiration through the inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase. Many researchers have been examining the role that NO plays in other aspects of metabolism such as the cellular bioenergetics state, the hypoxia response and the relationship of these areas to stem cell stemness.
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Basile DP, Yoder MC. Renal endothelial dysfunction in acute kidney ischemia reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2015; 14:3-14. [PMID: 25088124 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x1401140724093505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is associated with alterations in vascular tone that contribute to an overall reduction in GFR. Studies in animal models indicate that ischemia triggers alterations in endothelial function that contribute significantly to the overall degree and severity of a kidney injury. Putative mediators of vasoconstriction that may contribute to the initial loss of renal blood flow and GFR are highlighted. In addition, there is discussion of how intrinsic damage to the endothelium impairs homeostatic responses in vascular tone as well as promotes leukocyte adhesion and exacerbating the reduction in renal blood flow. The timing of potential therapies in animal models as they relate to the evolution of AKI, as well as the limitations of such approaches in the clinical setting are discussed. Finally, we discuss how acute kidney injury induces permanent alterations in renal vascular structure. We posit that the cause of the sustained impairment in kidney capillary density results from impaired endothelial growth responses and suggest that this limitation is a primary contributing feature underlying progression of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Med Sci 334, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Schiano C, Vietri MT, Grimaldi V, Picascia A, De Pascale MR, Napoli C. Epigenetic-related therapeutic challenges in cardiovascular disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:226-35. [PMID: 25758254 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Progress in human genetic and genomic research has led to the identification of genetic variants associated with specific cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but the pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Recent studies have analyzed the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modifications in the development and progression of CVD. Preliminary work has investigated the correlations between DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA-based mechanisms with CVDs including atherosclerosis, heart failure (HF), myocardial infarction (MI), and cardiac hypertrophy. Remarkably, both in utero programming and postnatal hypercholesterolemia may affect the epigenetic signature in the human cardiovascular system, thereby providing novel early epigenetic-related pharmacological insights. Interestingly, some dietary compounds, including polyphenols, cocoa, and folic acid, can modulate DNA methylation status, whereas statins may promote epigenetic-based control in CVD prevention through histone modifications. We review recent findings on the epigenetic control of cardiovascular system and new challenges for therapeutic strategies in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Schiano
- Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development (SDN), Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Vietri
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Grimaldi
- Unità Operativa Complessa Division of Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology (SIMT), Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology (LIT), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Second University of Naples, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonietta Picascia
- Unità Operativa Complessa Division of Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology (SIMT), Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology (LIT), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Second University of Naples, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria De Pascale
- Unità Operativa Complessa Division of Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology (SIMT), Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology (LIT), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Second University of Naples, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development (SDN), Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Via Emanuele Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy; Unità Operativa Complessa Division of Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology (SIMT), Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology (LIT), Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Second University of Naples, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
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25
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Grimaldi V, Schiano C, Casamassimi A, Zullo A, Soricelli A, Mancini FP, Napoli C. Imaging techniques to evaluate cell therapy in peripheral artery disease: state of the art and clinical trials. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2014; 36:165-78. [PMID: 25385089 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies, as potential approach to cure peripheral artery disease (PAD), have been clinically investigated after promising results in preclinical models. The so far published studies are very heterogeneous, as different cell sources, cell types, amounts of administered cells and delivering strategies have been used. Overall, cell therapies for PAD bring about a general improvement of patient's clinical condition, even though conclusions cannot be established due to the small size and non-randomized design of these trials. In this context, non-invasive imaging techniques, aimed to monitor angiogenesis and neovascularization after cell therapy, will help the follow-up of clinical studies. However, still much work is needed to establish advanced imaging procedure to overcome the limitation of the current techniques and to accumulate more data in large populations of patients. Here, we report the main imaging techniques employed to evaluate the outcome of the different cell-based therapies in PAD. Moreover, we focus on both published and ongoing clinical trials utilizing cell therapy in PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Grimaldi
- U.O.C. Division of Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology [SIMT], Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology [LIT], Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), Second University of Naples (SUN), Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Schiano
- Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development (SDN) IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Amelia Casamassimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Zullo
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,CEINGE, Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Soricelli
- Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development (SDN) IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Napoli
- U.O.C. Division of Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology [SIMT], Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology [LIT], Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), Second University of Naples (SUN), Naples, Italy.,Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development (SDN) IRCCS, Naples, Italy
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26
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Wang X, Zeng C, Gong H, He H, Wang M, Hu Q, Yang F. The influence of nitroglycerin on the proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells from peripheral blood of patients with coronary artery disease. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:851-8. [PMID: 25112288 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are associated with vascular repairing and progression of atherosclerotic lesion. It may lead to coronary artery disease (CAD) if circulating EPCs lose their function. Continuous nitroglycerin (NTG) therapy causes increased vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of NTG on the proliferation of human peripheral blood-derived EPCs. EPC cultures, collected from 60 CAD patients and cultured for 7-12 days, were treated with different concentrations of NTG (0.0, 0.3, 1.0, 2.0, 7.5, 15.0, and 20.0 mg/l) for 72 h, respectively. The cell counts and proliferative activities of EPC; the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) in culture medium; and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in adherent cells were measured. Compared with control (0.0 mg/l NTG), the cell number and proliferative activities of EPCs were increased when treated with 1.0 mg/l NTG and reached maximum level when NTG concentration was 7.5 mg/l. However, there was a significant reduction when treated with higher doses of NTG (≥15.0 mg/l). Meanwhile, VEGF-A expression reached its maximal expression with 7.5 mg/l NTG, but gradually declined by incubation with higher doses of NTG. There was a linear relationship between NO level and NTG concentration, but no changes of ONOO(-) and ROS levels were found when EPCs were incubated with 0.3-7.5 mg/l NTG. However, ONOO(-) and ROS levels were significantly increased when incubated with 15 and 20 mg/l NTG. Our data demonstrated that moderate dose of NTG may stimulate the proliferative activities of EPCs isolated from CAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Caiyu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Huiping Gong
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Mengxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Falin Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Borghini A, Sbrana S, Vecoli C, Mercuri A, Turchi S, Carpeggiani C, L’Abbate A, Andreassi MG. Stromal cell-derived factor-1–3′A polymorphism is associated with decreased risk of myocardial infarction and early endothelial disturbance. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2014; 15:710-6. [DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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RNA-Seq for the identification of novel Mediator transcripts in endothelial progenitor cells. Gene 2014; 547:98-105. [PMID: 24952135 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mediator (MED) complex is a multiprotein playing a key role in the eukaryotic transcription. Alteration of MED function may have enormous pathophysiological consequences and several MED genes have been implicated in human diseases. Here, we have combined computational and experimental approaches to identify and characterize, new transcripts generated by alternative splicing (AS) for all MED genes, through the analysis of our recently published RNA-Sequencing datasets of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). This combined strategy allowed us to identify novel transcripts for MED4, MED9, MED11, MED14, MED27 and CDK8 most of them generated by AS. All the newly identified transcripts, except MED11, are predicted to encode novel protein isoforms. The identification of novel MED variants could lead to the finding of other MED complexes with different functions depending on their subunit composition. Finally, the expression profile of all MED genes, together with an extensive gene expression analysis, may be useful to better classify the diverse subsets of cell populations that contribute to neovascularization.
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Kim BR, Jang IH, Shin SH, Kwon YW, Heo SC, Choi EJ, Lee JS, Kim JH. Therapeutic angiogenesis in a murine model of limb ischemia by recombinant periostin and its fasciclin I domain. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:1324-32. [PMID: 24834847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Periostin, an extracellular matrix protein, is expressed in injured tissues, such as the heart with myocardial infarction, and promotes angiogenesis and tissue repair. However, the molecular mechanism associated with periostin-stimulated angiogenesis and tissue repair is still unclear. In order to clarify the role of periostin in neovascularization, we examined the effect of periostin in angiogenic potentials of human endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) in vitro and in an ischemic limb animal model. Recombinant periostin protein stimulated the migration and tube formation of ECFCs. To identify the functional domains of periostin implicated in angiogenesis, five fragments of periostin, including four repeating FAS-1 domains and a carboxyl terminal domain, were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Of the five different domains, the first FAS-1 domain stimulated the migration and tube formation of human ECFCs as potent as the whole periostin. Chemotactic migration of ECFCs induced by the full length and the first FAS-1 domain of periostin was abrogated by blocking antibodies against β3 and β5 integrins. Intramuscular injection of the full length and the first FAS-1 domain of periostin into the ischemic hindlimb of mice attenuated severe limb loss and promoted blood perfusion and homing of intravenously administered ECFCs to the ischemic limb. These results suggest that the first FAS-1 domain is responsible for periostin-induced migration and angiogenesis and it can be used as a therapeutic tool for treatment of peripheral artery occlusive disease by stimulating homing of ECFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba Reun Kim
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Ho Jang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Shin
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Woo Kwon
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Chul Heo
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Choi
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sub Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 626-770, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea.
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Schiano C, Casamassimi A, Vietri MT, Rienzo M, Napoli C. The roles of mediator complex in cardiovascular diseases. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1839:444-51. [PMID: 24751643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent treatment advances, an increase in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) mortality is expected for the next years. Mediator (MED) complex plays key roles in eukaryotic gene transcription. Currently, while numerous studies have correlated MED alterations with several diseases, like cancer or neurological disorders, fewer studies have investigated MED role in CVD initiation and progression. The first finding of MED involvement in these pathologies was the correlation of missense mutations in MED13L gene with transposition of the great arteries. Nowadays, also MED13 and MED15 have been associated with human congenital heart diseases and others could be added, like MED12 that is involved in early mouse development and heart formation. Interestingly, a missense mutation in MED30 gene causes a progressive cardiomyopathy in homozygous mice suggesting a potential role for this subunit also in human CVDs. Moreover, several subunits like MED1, MED13, MED14, MED15, MED23, MED25 and CDK8 exert important roles in glucose and lipid metabolism. Although these evidences derive from in vitro and animal model studies, they indicate that their deregulation may have a significant role in human CVD-related metabolic disorders. Finally, alternative transcripts of MED12, MED19 and MED30 are differently expressed in circulating endothelial progenitor cells thus suggesting they can play a role in the field of regenerative medicine. Overall, further functional studies exploring MED role in human CVD are warranted. The results could allow identifying novel biomarkers to use in combination with imaging techniques for early diagnosis; otherwise, they could be useful to develop targets for novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Schiano
- Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development (SDN), IRCCS, Via E. Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Amelia Casamassimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Vietri
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Rienzo
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development (SDN), IRCCS, Via E. Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy; Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy; U.O.C. Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology [SIMT], Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology [LIT], Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), 1st School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Florczyk U, Jazwa A, Maleszewska M, Mendel M, Szade K, Kozakowska M, Grochot-Przeczek A, Viscardi M, Czauderna S, Bukowska-Strakova K, Kotlinowski J, Jozkowicz A, Loboda A, Dulak J. Nrf2 regulates angiogenesis: effect on endothelial cells, bone marrow-derived proangiogenic cells and hind limb ischemia. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1693-708. [PMID: 24053644 PMCID: PMC3961841 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key cytoprotective transcription factor, regulates also proangiogenic mediators, interleukin-8 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). However, hitherto its role in blood vessel formation was modestly examined. Particularly, although Nrf2 was shown to affect hematopoietic stem cells, it was not tested in bone marrow-derived proangiogenic cells (PACs). Here we investigated angiogenic properties of Nrf2 in PACs, endothelial cells, and inflammation-related revascularization. RESULTS Treatment of endothelial cells with angiogenic cytokines increased nuclear localization of Nrf2 and induced expression of HO-1. Nrf2 activation stimulated a tube network formation, while its inhibition decreased angiogenic response of human endothelial cells, the latter effect reversed by overexpression of HO-1. Moreover, lack of Nrf2 attenuated survival, proliferation, migration, and angiogenic potential of murine PACs and affected angiogenic transcriptome in vitro. Additionally, angiogenic capacity of PAC Nrf2(-/-) in in vivo Matrigel assay and PAC mobilization in response to hind limb ischemia of Nrf2(-/-) mice were impaired. Despite that, restoration of blood flow in Nrf2-deficient ischemic muscles was better and accompanied by increased oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Accordingly, the anti-inflammatory agent etodolac tended to diminish blood flow in the Nrf2(-/-) mice. INNOVATION Identification of a novel role of Nrf2 in angiogenic signaling of endothelial cells and PACs. CONCLUSION Nrf2 contributes to angiogenic potential of both endothelial cells and PACs; however, its deficiency increases muscle blood flow under tissue ischemia. This might suggest a proangiogenic role of inflammation in the absence of Nrf2 in vivo, concomitantly undermining the role of PACs in such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Florczyk
- 1 Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University , Krakow, Poland
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Becher UM, Möller L, Tiyerili V, Vasa Nicotera M, Hauptmann F, Zimmermann K, Pfeifer A, Nickenig G, Wassmann S, Werner N. Distinct CD11b+-monocyte subsets accelerate endothelial cell recovery after acute and chronic endothelial cell damage. Int J Cardiol 2014; 173:80-91. [PMID: 24602320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cell recovery requires replenishment of primary cells from the endothelial lineage. However, recent evidence suggests that cells of the innate immune system enhance endothelial regeneration. METHODS AND RESULTS Focusing on mature CD11b+-monocytes, we analyzed the fate and the effect of transfused CD11b+-monocytes after endothelial injury in vivo. CD11b-diphtheria-toxin-receptor-mice--a mouse model in which administration of diphtheria toxin selectively eliminates endogenous monocytes and macrophages--were treated with WT-derived CD11b+-monocytes from age-matched mice. CD11b+-monocytes improved endothelium-dependent vasoreactivity after 7 days while transfusion of WT-derived CD11b--cells had no beneficial effect on endothelial function. In ApoE-/--CD11b-DTR-mice with a hypercholesterolemia-induced chronic endothelial injury transfusion of WT-derived CD11b+-monocytes stimulated by interferon-γ (IFNγ) decreased endothelial function, whereas interleukin-4-stimulated (IL4) monocytes had no detectable effect on vascular function. Bioluminescent imaging revealed restriction of transfused CD11b+-monocytes to the endothelial injury site in CD11b-DTR-mice depleted of endogenous monocytes. In vitro co-culture experiments revealed significantly enhanced regeneration properties of human endothelial outgrowth cells (EOCs) when cultured with preconditioned-media (PCM) or monocytes of IL4-stimulated-subsets compared to the effects of IFNγ-stimulated monocytes. CONCLUSION CD11b+-monocytes play an important role in endothelial cell recovery after endothelial injury by homing to the site of vascular injury, enhancing reendothelialization and improving endothelial function. In vitro experiments suggest that IL4-stimulated monocytes enhance EOC regeneration properties most likely by paracrine induction of proliferation and cellular promotion of differentiation. These results underline novel insights in the biology of endothelial regeneration and provide additional information for the treatment of vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich M Becher
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany
| | - Lisa Möller
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany
| | - Vedat Tiyerili
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany
| | - Mariuca Vasa Nicotera
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany
| | - Felix Hauptmann
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany
| | - Katrin Zimmermann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany
| | - Georg Nickenig
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Wassmann
- Kardiologische Abteilung, Innere Medizin, Isarklinik München, Germany
| | - Nikos Werner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Innere Medizin, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany.
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Heo SC, Kwon YW, Jang IH, Jeong GO, Yoon JW, Kim CD, Kwon SM, Bae YS, Kim JH. WKYMVm-Induced Activation of Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 Stimulates Ischemic Neovasculogenesis by Promoting Homing of Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells. Stem Cells 2014; 32:779-90. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soon Chul Heo
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration; Yangsan Gyeongsangnam-do Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Yangsan Gyeongsangnam-do Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Woo Kwon
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration; Yangsan Gyeongsangnam-do Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Yangsan Gyeongsangnam-do Republic of Korea
| | - Il Ho Jang
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration; Yangsan Gyeongsangnam-do Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Yangsan Gyeongsangnam-do Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Ok Jeong
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration; Yangsan Gyeongsangnam-do Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Yangsan Gyeongsangnam-do Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Won Yoon
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration; Yangsan Gyeongsangnam-do Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Yangsan Gyeongsangnam-do Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration; Yangsan Gyeongsangnam-do Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Yangsan Gyeongsangnam-do Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mo Kwon
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Yangsan Gyeongsangnam-do Republic of Korea
| | - Yoe-Sik Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration; Yangsan Gyeongsangnam-do Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology; School of Medicine; Pusan National University; Yangsan Gyeongsangnam-do Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital; Yangsan Gyeongsangnam-do Republic of Korea
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Karakoyun R, Koksoy C, Yilmaz T, Altun H, Banli O, Albayrak A, Alper M, Şener Z. The Angiogenic Effects of Ischemic Conditioning in Experimental Critical Limb Ischemia. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2014; 47:172-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Endothelial cells expressing low levels of CD143 (ACE) exhibit enhanced sprouting and potency in relieving tissue ischemia. Angiogenesis 2014; 17:617-30. [PMID: 24414940 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-014-9414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The sprouting of endothelial cells from pre-existing blood vessels represents a critical event in the angiogenesis cascade. However, only a fraction of cultured or transplanted endothelial cells form new vessels. Moreover, it is unclear whether this results from a stochastic process or instead relates to certain endothelial cells having a greater angiogenic potential. This study investigated whether there exists a sub-population of cultured endothelial cells with enhanced angiogenic potency in vitro and in vivo. First, endothelial cells that participated in sprouting, and non-sprouting cells, were separately isolated from a 3D fibrin gel sprouting assay. Interestingly, the sprouting cells, when placed back into the same assay, displayed a sevenfold increase in the number of sprouts, as compared to control cells. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (CD143) was significantly down regulated on sprouting cells, as compared to regular endothelial cells. A subset of endothelial cells with low CD143 expression was then prospectively isolated from an endothelial cell culture. Finally, these cells were found to have greater potency in alleviating local ischemia, and restoring regional blood perfusion when transplanted into ischemic hindlimbs, as compared to unsorted endothelial cells. In summary, this study indicates that low expression of CD143 can be used as a biomarker to identify an endothelial cell sub-population that is more capable to drive neovascularization.
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Zhang JY, Li YH, Li MH, Pan JW. A Preliminary Investigation of Computed Tomographic Angiography in the Assessment of Coronary Artery Distensibility. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2014; 38:439-43. [DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yamauchi A, Kawabe JI, Kabara M, Matsuki M, Asanome A, Aonuma T, Ohta H, Takehara N, Kitagawa T, Hasebe N. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonucelase 1 maintains adhesion of endothelial progenitor cells and reduces neointima formation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H1158-67. [PMID: 23934858 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00965.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) is a multifunctional protein that processes DNA-repair function and controls cellular response to oxidative stress. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are recruited to oxidative stress-rich injured vascular walls and positively contribute to vascular repair and endothelialization. We hypothesized that APE1 functions for EPCs-mediated inhibition of neointima formation in injured vasculature. EPCs isolated from bone marrow cells of C57BL6 mice (12-16 wk old) were able to survive in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; up to 1,000 μM) due to the highly expressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers. However, adhesion capacity of EPCs was significantly inhibited by H2O2 (100 μM) even though an intracellular ROS was retained at small level. An APE1-selective inhibitor or RNA interference-mediated knockdown of endogenous APE1 in EPCs aggravated the H2O2-mediated inhibition of EPCs-adhesion. In contrast, when APE1 was overexpressed in EPCs using an adenovirus harboring the APE1 gene (APE-EPCs), adhesion was significantly improved during oxidative stress. To examine in vivo effects of APE1 in EPCs, APE-EPCs were transplanted via the tail vein after wire-mediated injury of the mouse femoral artery. The number of adherent EPCs at injured vascular walls and the vascular repair effect of EPCs were enhanced in APE-EPCs compared with control EPCs. Among the cellular functions of EPCs, adhesion is especially sensitive to oxidative stress. APE1 enhances in vivo vascular repair effects of EPCs in part through the maintenance of adhesion properties of EPCs. APE1 may be a novel and useful target gene for effective cellular transplantation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yamauchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Innovation, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-higashi, Asahikawa, Japan
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Joo JE, Hiden U, Lassance L, Gordon L, Martino DJ, Desoye G, Saffery R. Variable promoter methylation contributes to differential expression of key genes in human placenta-derived venous and arterial endothelial cells. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:475. [PMID: 23855827 PMCID: PMC3729658 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The endothelial compartment, comprising arterial, venous and lymphatic cell types, is established prenatally in association with rapid phenotypic and functional changes. The molecular mechanisms underpinning this process in utero have yet to be fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential for DNA methylation to act as a driver of the specific gene expression profiles of arterial and venous endothelial cells. Results Placenta-derived venous and arterial endothelial cells were collected at birth prior to culturing. DNA methylation was measured at >450,000 CpG sites in parallel with expression measurements taken from 25,000 annotated genes. A consistent set of genomic loci was found to show coordinate differential methylation between the arterial and venous cell types. This included many loci previously not investigated in relation to endothelial function. An inverse relationship was observed between gene expression and promoter methylation levels for a limited subset of genes implicated in endothelial function, including NOS3, encoding endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase. Conclusion Endothelial cells derived from the placental vasculature at birth contain widespread methylation of key regulatory genes. These are candidates involved in the specification of different endothelial cell types and represent potential target genes for environmentally mediated epigenetic disruption in utero in association with cardiovascular disease risk later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon E Joo
- Cancer and Disease Epigenetics, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
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Napoli C, Paolisso G, Casamassimi A, Al-Omran M, Barbieri M, Sommese L, Infante T, Ignarro LJ. Effects of nitric oxide on cell proliferation: novel insights. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 62:89-95. [PMID: 23665095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been suggested to be a pathophysiological modulator of cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. In this context, NO can exert opposite effects under diverse conditions. Indeed, several studies have indicated that low relative concentrations of NO seem to favor cell proliferation and antiapoptotic responses and higher levels of NO favor pathways inducing cell cycle arrest, mitochondria respiration, senescence, or apoptosis. Here we report the effects of NO on both promotion and inhibition of cell proliferation, in particular in regard to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and stem cells. Moreover, we focus on molecular mechanisms of action involved in the control of cell cycle progression, which include both cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent and -independent pathways. This growing field may lead to broad and novel targeted therapies against cardiovascular diseases, especially concomitant type 2 diabetes, as well as novel bioimaging NO-based diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Napoli
- Department of General Pathology, Excellence Research Centre on Cardiovascular Diseases, U.O.C. Immunohematology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy; Fondazione SDN, IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Division of Geriatrics, 1st School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Amelia Casamassimi
- Department of General Pathology, Excellence Research Centre on Cardiovascular Diseases, U.O.C. Immunohematology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Mohammed Al-Omran
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Michelangela Barbieri
- Division of Geriatrics, 1st School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Linda Sommese
- Department of General Pathology, Excellence Research Centre on Cardiovascular Diseases, U.O.C. Immunohematology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Louis J Ignarro
- Department of Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Sommese L, Vasco M, Costa D, Napoli C. Endothelial progenitor cells and human diseases. Ann Hematol 2013; 93:533-4. [PMID: 23832236 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-013-1840-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sommese
- U.O.C. Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology (SIMT), Regional Reference Laboratory of Transplant Immunology (LIT), Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy,
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Potential benefits of cell therapy in coronary heart disease. J Cardiol 2013; 62:267-76. [PMID: 23834957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest both in basic and clinical research regarding the field of cell therapy for coronary heart disease (CHD). Several preclinical models of CHD have suggested that regenerative properties of stem and progenitor cells might help restoring myocardial functions in the event of cardiac diseases. Here, we summarize different types of stem/progenitor cells that have been tested in experimental and clinical settings of cardiac regeneration, from embryonic stem cells to induced pluripotent stem cells. Then, we provide a comprehensive description of the most common cell delivery strategies with their major pros and cons and underline the potential of tissue engineering and injectable matrices to address the crucial issue of restoring the three-dimensional structure of the injured myocardial region. Due to the encouraging results from preclinical models, the number of clinical trials with cell therapy is continuously increasing and includes patients with CHD and congestive heart failure. Most of the already published trials have demonstrated safety and feasibility of cell therapies in these clinical conditions. Several studies have also suggested that cell therapy results in improved clinical outcomes. Numerous ongoing clinical trials utilizing this therapy for CHD will address fundamental issues concerning cell source and population utilized, as well as the use of imaging techniques to assess cell homing and survival, all factors that affect the efficacy of different cell therapy strategies.
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Fadini GP, Avogaro A. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition and vascular repair by mobilization of endogenous stem cells in diabetes and beyond. Atherosclerosis 2013; 229:23-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wara AK, Manica A, Marchini JF, Sun X, Icli B, Tesmenitsky Y, Croce K, Feinberg MW. Bone marrow-derived Kruppel-like factor 10 controls reendothelialization in response to arterial injury. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:1552-60. [PMID: 23685559 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the role of Kruppel-like factor (KLF) 10, a zinc-finger transcription factor, in bone marrow (BM)-derived cell responses to arterial endothelial injury. Accumulating evidence indicates that BM-derived progenitors are recruited to sites of vascular injury and contribute to endothelial repair. APPROACH AND RESULTS In response to carotid artery endothelial denudation, KLF10 mRNA expression was markedly increased in both BM and circulating lin(-) progenitor cells. To examine the specific role of KLF10 in arterial reendothelialization, we used 2 models of endothelial denudation (wire- and thermal-induced injury) of the carotid artery in wild-type (WT) and KLF10(-/-) mice. WT mice displayed higher areas of reendothelialization compared with KLF10(-/-) mice after endothelial injury using either method. BM transplant studies revealed that reconstitution of KLF10(-/-) mice with WT BM fully rescued the defect in reendothelialization and increased lin(-)CD34(+)kinase insert domain receptor(+) progenitors in the blood and injured carotid arteries. Conversely, reconstitution of WT mice with KLF10(-/-) BM recapitulated the defects in reendothelialization and peripheral cell progenitors. The media from cultured KLF10(-)/(-) BM progenitors was markedly inefficient in promoting endothelial cell growth and migration compared with the media from WT progenitors, indicative of defective paracrine trophic effects from KLF10(-)/(-) BM progenitors. Finally, BM-derived KLF10(-/-) lin(-) progenitors from reconstituted mice had reduced CXC-chemokine receptor 4 expression and impaired migratory responses. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these observations demonstrate a protective role for BM-derived KLF10 in paracrine and homing responses important for arterial endothelial injury and highlight KLF10 as a possible therapeutic target to promote endothelial repair in vascular disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akm Khyrul Wara
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Autologous transplantation of endothelial progenitor cells to prevent multiple organ dysfunction syndromes in pig. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2013; 74:508-15. [PMID: 23147181 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e3182703420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was observed that the number and function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) decreased sharply in the progression of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and it may be the main pathogenesis for MODS. We aim to perform autologous transplantation of EPCs on animal models of MODS to investigate whether EPCs might be used to prevent MODS caused by severe sepsis. METHODS A total of 60 pigs were randomly divided into three groups: subjected to hemorrhagic shock + resuscitation + endotoxemia only (MODS group); performed autologous transplantation of EPCs after hemorrhagic shock + resuscitation + endotoxemia (transplantation group); and control group. Mononuclear cells of animals of the transplantation group were isolated by density-gradient centrifugation for ex vivo expansion, and the six-passage EPCs labeled with 5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester were autologously transplanted at a density of 1 × 10(7) cells/kg body weight at the 24th hour after endotoxemia. The function of important organs was monitored continuously to assess the effects of autologous transplantation of EPCs on MODS. RESULTS All animals of the MODS group developed MODS (100%), and 17 (85%) of 20 animals died because of MODS; the incidence of MODS and mortality rate in the transplantation group were 45% (9 of 20 pigs; p < 0.01) and 35% (7 of 20 pigs; p < 0.01). In transplantation group, the incidence of pulmonary dysfunction, cardiac dysfunction, hepatosis, and renal dysfunction were 40%, 10%, 5%, and 15%, respectively. The capillary densities of important organs, including the heart, liver, kidney, intestine, and lung, after autologous transplantation of EPCs were significantly higher than those in the MODS group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Autologous transplantation of EPCs could migrate to injured organs and induce angiogenesis to restore blood flow that could improve the function of important organs. It could prevent the incidence of MODS and reduce mortality rate caused by trauma and severe sepsis. Autologous transplantation of EPCs would be a novel, cell-based, vascular endothelium-targeted therapeutic strategy for MODS.
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Shi Q, Schatten G, Hodara V, Simerly C, VandeBerg JL. Endothelial reconstitution by CD34+ progenitors derived from baboon embryonic stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:242-51. [PMID: 23301772 PMCID: PMC3814022 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used a large non-human primate model, the baboon, to establish a step-wise protocol to generate CD34+ endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and to demonstrate their reparative effects. Baboon ESCs were sequentially differentiated from embryoid body cultures for 9 days and then were specified into EPCs by culturing them in monolayer for 12 days. The resulting EPCs expressed CD34, CXCR4 and UEA-1, but neither CD31 nor CD117. The EPCs were able to form intact lumen structures when seeded on Matrigel, took up Dil-LDL, and responded to TNF-α. Angioblasts specified in EGM-2 medium and ECGS medium had 6.41 ± 1.16% (n = 3) and 9.32 ± 3.73% CD34+ cells (n = 3). The efficiency of generating CD34+ EPCs did not differ significantly from ECGS to EGM-2 culture media, however, angioblasts specified in ECGS medium expressed a higher percentage of CD34+/CXCR4+ cells (3.49 ± 1.32%, n = 3) than those specified in EGM-2 medium (0.49 ± 0.52%, n = 3). To observe their reparative capacity, we purified CD34+ progenitors after specification by EGM-2 medium; inoculated fluorescently labelled CD34+ EPCs into an arterial segment denuded of endothelium in an ex vivo system. After 14 days of ex vivo culture, the grafted cells had attached and integrated to the denuded surface; in addition, they had matured further and expressed terminally differentiated endothelial markers including CD31 and CD146. In conclusion, we have proved that specified CD34+ EPCs are promising therapeutic agents for repairing damaged vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78245-0549, USA.
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Evidence of Bacteroides fragilis protection from Bartonella henselae-induced damage. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49653. [PMID: 23166739 PMCID: PMC3499472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartonella henselae is able to internalize endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which are resistant to the infection of other common pathogens. Bacteroides fragilis is a gram-negative anaerobe belonging to the gut microflora. It protects from experimental colitis induced by Helicobacter hepaticus through the polysaccharide A (PSA). The aim of our study was to establish: 1) whether B. fragilis colonization could protect from B. henselae infection; if this event may have beneficial effects on EPCs, vascular system and tissues. Our in vitro results establish for the first time that B. fragilis can internalize EPCs and competes with B. henselae during coinfection. We observed a marked activation of the inflammatory response by Real-time PCR and ELISA in coinfected cells compared to B. henselae-infected cells (63 vs 23 up-regulated genes), and after EPCs infection with mutant B. fragilis ΔPSA (≅90% up-regulated genes) compared to B. fragilis. Interestingly, in a mouse model of coinfection, morphological and ultrastructural analyses by hematoxylin-eosin staining and electron microscopy on murine tissues revealed that damages induced by B. henselae can be prevented in the coinfection with B. fragilis but not with its mutant B. fragilis ΔPSA. Moreover, immunohistochemistry analysis with anti-Bartonella showed that the number of positive cells per field decreased of at least 50% in the liver (20±4 vs 50±8), aorta (5±1 vs 10±2) and spleen (25±3 vs 40±6) sections of mice coinfected compared to mice infected only with B. henselae. This decrease was less evident in the coinfection with ΔPSA strain (35±6 in the liver, 5±1 in the aorta and 30±5 in the spleen). Finally, B. fragilis colonization was also able to restore the EPC decrease observed in mice infected with B. henselae (0.65 vs 0.06 media). Thus, our data establish that B. fragilis colonization is able to prevent B. henselae damages through PSA.
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Brenes RA, Bear M, Jadlowiec C, Goodwin M, Hashim P, Protack CD, Ziegler KR, Li X, Model LS, Lv W, Collins MJ, Dardik A. Cell-based interventions for therapeutic angiogenesis: review of potential cell sources. Vascular 2012; 20:360-8. [PMID: 23086985 DOI: 10.1258/vasc.2011.201205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Alternative therapies are currently being developed to treat patients with chronic limb ischemia who are unable to be revascularized in order to avoid amputation. Cell-based therapy using mononuclear cells is gaining attention as many clinical trials are currently underway. We review cell differentiation along with the different potential cell sources for use in therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Brenes
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8089, USA
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Shi Q, Hodara V, Simerly CR, Schatten GP, VandeBerg JL. Ex vivo reconstitution of arterial endothelium by embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial progenitor cells in baboons. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 22:631-42. [PMID: 22931470 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing need for an animal model that can be used to translate basic research into clinical therapy. We documented the differentiation and functional competence of embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived endothelial cells in baboons. Baboon angioblasts were sequentially differentiated from embryoid body cultures for 9 days in an angioblast differentiation medium with varying concentrations of BMP-4, FLT-3 ligand, stem cell factor, thrombopoietin, basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and knockout serum replacement. Real-time polymerase chain reaction results showed that ESC-derived angioblasts downregulated NANOG and OCT3/4, upregulated T-brachyury and GATA2, and moderately expressed CD34; they did not express CD144, TEK, or VWF, and varied in levels of CD31 expression. Several populations of putative angioblasts appeared 3 days and 9 days after differentiation, as identified by flow cytometry. Angioblasts at this stage exhibited dual paths of differentiation toward hematopoietic and vascular fates. To examine whether derived angioblasts could reconstitute the endothelium, we built an ex vivo culture system and seeded fluorescently labeled angioblast cultures onto a denuded segment of the femoral artery. We found that the seeded cells were able to grow into the endothelium on the interior surface of denuded artery segments within 5 days after seeding. After 14 days of ex vivo culture, the transplanted cells expressed CD31, an endothelial marker. The control arteries, seeded with vehicle only, did not harbor cells with endothelial markers. We conclude that ESC-derived angioblasts are promising therapeutic agents for repairing damaged vasculature, and that the baboon model will be vital for optimizing therapies for human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78245-0549, USA.
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Kuliszewski MA, Ward MR, Kowalewski JW, Smith AH, Stewart DJ, Kutryk MJ, Leong-Poi H. A direct comparison of endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction in rat metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2012; 226:58-66. [PMID: 23122188 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with impairment of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), but the effects of metabolic syndrome (MS) on EPCs have been less well characterized. We hypothesized that in the presence of MS, the number and functionality of EPCs would be markedly reduced, and would be similar to DM. METHODS Mononuclear cells were isolated from the bone-marrow (BM) and peripheral blood of lean Zucker, obese Zucker, a model of MS, and Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Cultured BM-EPCs underwent in vitro functional testing and the ability of BM-EPCs to promote neovascularization in vivo was assessed in a model of hindlimb ischemia in athymic mice. RESULTS While circulating EPC numbers were similarly reduced in both MS and DM rats, BM-derived EPC numbers were less affected. In vitro testing of cultured BM-EPCs from obese Zucker demonstrated a marked reduction in EPC differentiation, a greater propensity to apoptosis, a reduced migratory response and matrigel tubule formation, similar to findings in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. When delivered to the ischemic hindlimb of athymic mice, the recovery of perfusion using both BM-EPCs from obese Zucker and Zucker diabetic fatty rats were diminished, as compared to lean Zuckers. CONCLUSION In the presence of the MS, BM-derived EPCs develop marked functional impairment, resulting in severely reduced angiogenic capacity in vivo. Similar to DM, EPC dysfunction may play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of vascular complications in the MS, and may potentially limit the use of BM-derived EPCs for therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Kuliszewski
- Division of Cardiology, Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 6-044 Queen Wing, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8
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Rienzo M, Schiano C, Casamassimi A, Grimaldi V, Infante T, Napoli C. Identification of valid reference housekeeping genes for gene expression analysis in tumor neovascularization studies. Clin Transl Oncol 2012; 15:211-8. [PMID: 22855186 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-012-0904-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Real time RT-PCR is a widely used technique to evaluate and confirm gene expression data obtained in different cell systems and experimental conditions. However, there are many conflicting reports about the same gene or sets of gene expression. A common method is to report the interest gene expression relative to an internal control, usually a housekeeping gene (HKG), which should be constant in cells independently of experimental conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the expression stability of ten HKGs was considered in parallel in two cell systems (endothelial and osteosarcoma cells): beta actin (ACTB), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), TATA box binding protein (TBP), hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl-transferase 1 (HPRT1), Cyclophilin A (PPIA), beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), glucuronidase beta (GUSB), eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha1 (EEF1A1), transferrin receptor (TFRC), ribosomal protein S18 (RPS18). In order to study the stability of candidate reference genes, data have been also analyzed by several algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and delta-Ct method). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The overall analysis obtained by the comprehensive ranking showed that RPS18 and PPIA are appropriate internal reference genes for tumor neovascularization studies where it is necessary to analyze both systems at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Rienzo
- Department of General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
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