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Figueiredo AM, Cardoso AC, Pereira BLB, Silva RAC, Ripa AFGD, Pinelli TFB, Oliveira BC, Rafacho BPM, Ishikawa LLW, Azevedo PS, Okoshi K, Fernandes AAH, Zornoff LAM, Minicucci MF, Polegato BF, Paiva SAR. Açai supplementation (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) attenuates cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats through different mechanistic pathways. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264854. [PMID: 35245316 PMCID: PMC8896726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction has a high mortality rate worldwide. Therefore, clinical intervention in cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction is essential. Açai pulp is a natural product and has been considered a functional food because of its antioxidant/anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of açai pulp supplementation on cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats. After 7 days of surgery, male Wistar rats were assigned to six groups: sham animals fed standard chow (SA0, n = 14), fed standard chow with 2% açai pulp (SA2, n = 12) and fed standard chow with 5% açai pulp (SA5, n = 14), infarcted animals fed standard chow (IA0, n = 12), fed standard chow with 2% açai pulp (IA2, n = 12), and fed standard chow with 5% açai pulp (IA5, n = 12). After 3 months of supplementation, echocardiography and euthanasia were performed. Açai pulp supplementation, after myocardial infarction, improved energy metabolism, attenuated oxidative stress (lower concentration of malondialdehyde, P = 0.023; dose-dependent effect), modulated the inflammatory process (lower concentration of interleukin-10, P<0.001; dose-dependent effect) and decreased the deposit of collagen (lower percentage of interstitial collagen fraction, P<0.001; dose-dependent effect). In conclusion, açai pulp supplementation attenuated cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction in rats. Also, different doses of açai pulp supplementation have dose-dependent effects on cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Menezes Figueiredo
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana Carolina Cardoso
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Leticia Buzati Pereira
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Aparecida Candido Silva
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruna Camargo Oliveira
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Paola Murino Rafacho
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Lumi Watanabe Ishikawa
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Schmidt Azevedo
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Angelica Henrique Fernandes
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Ferreira Minicucci
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bertha Furlan Polegato
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Alberto Rupp Paiva
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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DOS REIS TMP, AGUIAR GG, BARBOSA-FILHO V, LIMA EDS, ROSSATO M. Effect of açai supplementation (Euterpe Oleracea Mart.) associated with exercise in animals and human: a scoping review. REV NUTR 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-9865202235e210266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective This scoping review aimed to map evidence on açai supplementation combined with exercise in animal and/or human experimental studies. Methods The search considered six electronic databases and screening of relevant references. The selection process and data extraction were performed by two independent authors. The study characteristics, and AS (e.g., form, intervention time, amount ingested) and exercise (e.g., types, intensity, and duration) strategies were summarized, as well as their reported results. Results From an initial total of 342 studies identified; 11 (5 with animal and 6 with human models) were eligible. In animals, açai supplementation and exercise led to benefits in exercise tolerance and improvements in several hemodynamic parameters, as well as significant improvements in liver markers and glucose metabolism. In humans, açai supplementation indicated positive results in increasing exhaustion time to 90% of VO2max and increasing intensity at the anaerobic threshold. Conclusion We conclude that future research involving animals and humans should examine açai supplementation and exercise with (a) obesity models to test the effect of adiponectin on body composition with analysis of histological and histochemical parameters; (b) eccentric injury protocols with the incorporation of muscle quality variables to assess recovery; (c) chronic açai supplementation and strength training; (d) comparison of different forms of açai supplementation in exercise protocols.
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1125-1132. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Magalhães P, Domingues RM, Alves E. Hemp Seeds, Flaxseed, and Açaí Berries: Health Benefits and Nutritional
Importance with Emphasis on the Lipid Content. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401317666210624142643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Some plant seeds and berries have gained increased recognition due to their wide
variety of bioactive compounds. Many of these foods are rich in lipids with high nutritional
value, of which n-3 and n-6 essential fatty acids stand out. However, knowledge of the chemical
composition and biological activity of these compounds and their value as a source of
healthy lipids is far from being fully explored.
The benefits of the intake of hemp seeds, flaxseed, and açaí berries, considered functional
foods, have been compiled in this review. Likewise, their general chemical composition will be
described to evaluate their relevance in a healthy diet, highlighting their lipid components and
health lipid indices.
The fibres and essential fatty acids of hemp seeds and flaxseed and the antioxidant properties
of açaí berries provide them protective roles against several chronic non-communicable diseases
and represent significant beneficial effects that add value to these healthy natural products.
More research is needed to deepen the knowledge on their lipids’ molecular composition and
bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Magalhães
- Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosário M. Domingues
- Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro,
Portugal
| | - Eliana Alves
- Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Lavorato VN, Miranda DCD, Isoldi MC, Drummond FR, Soares LL, Reis ECC, Pelúzio MDCG, Pedrosa ML, Silva ME, Natali AJ. Effects of aerobic exercise training and açai supplementation on cardiac structure and function in rats submitted to a high-fat diet. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110168. [PMID: 33642024 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of aerobic exercise training (AET) and supplementation with açai on cardiac structure and function in rats submitted to a high-fat diet. Two-month old Fischer male rats were divided into 5 groups: Control (C), High-fat Diet (H), High-fat Diet + Açai (HA), High-fat Diet + AET (HT), High-fat Diet + Açai + AET (HAT). The high-fat diet had 21.8% lard and 1% cholesterol (H and HT), or supplemented with 1% lyophilized açai pulp (HA and HAT). The HT and HAT groups performed AET on a treadmill (5 days/week, 1 h/day, 60% of the maximum running speed) for 8 weeks. Exercise tolerance test were performed, and adiposity index calculated. After euthanasia, the left ventricle (LV) was dissected and processed for histological, single myocyte intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) transient and contractility, oxidative stress and gene expression analysis. AET improved running capacity and reduced the adiposity index. Both AET and açai supplementation inhibited the increase in the LV collagen content, the deleterious effects on the [Ca2+]i transient and contractility in cardiomyocytes and the increment in oxidative stress, caused by the consumption of a high-fat diet. Aerobic exercise training and açai supplementation can mitigate damage caused by high-fat diet in cardiac structure and function, though the combination of treatments had no additional effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Neiva Lavorato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Mauro César Isoldi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Filipe Rios Drummond
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leôncio Lopes Soares
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Maria Lúcia Pedrosa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio José Natali
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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The Impact of Dietary Supplementation of Whole Foods and Polyphenols on Atherosclerosis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072069. [PMID: 32664664 PMCID: PMC7400924 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to highlight current research on the benefits of supplementation with foods with a diverse polyphenol composition, including fruits, vegetables, nuts, grains, oils, spices, and teas in blunting atherosclerosis. We searched PubMed for publications utilizing whole food or polyphenols prepared from whole foods in Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) or Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR) knockout mice, and identified 73 studies in which plaque was measured. The majority of the studies reported a reduction in plaque. Nine interventions showed no effect, while three using Agaricus blazei mushroom, HYJA-ri-4 rice variety, and safrole-2', 3'-oxide (SFO) increased plaque. The mechanisms by which atherosclerosis was reduced include improved lipid profile, antioxidant status, and cholesterol clearance, and reduced inflammation. Importantly, not all dietary interventions that reduce plaque showed an improvement in lipid profile. Additionally, we found that, out of 73 studies, only 9 used female mice and only 6 compared both sexes. Only one study compared the two models (LDLR vs. ApoE), showing that the treatment worked in one but not the other. Not all supplementations work in both male and female animals, suggesting that increasing the variety of foods with different polyphenol compositions may be more effective in mitigating atherosclerosis.
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Magalhães TAFM, Souza MOD, Gomes SV, Mendes E Silva R, Martins FDS, Freitas RND, Amaral JFD. Açaí ( Euterpe oleracea Martius) Promotes Jejunal Tissue Regeneration by Enhancing Antioxidant Response in 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Mucositis. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:523-533. [PMID: 32367766 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1759659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis (IM) caused by antineoplastic chemotherapy is characterized by an important inflammatory process, which may compromise ongoing treatment. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius) on the antioxidant response in BALB/c mice pretreated with Açaí pulp (200 g/kg) for 14 day. A group of animals receiving a single intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU (200 mg/kg) were euthanized on day three (D3) or seven (D7) after administration, the distal jejunum was isolated for the analyses of histology, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities, and concentration of total sulfhydryl groups (GSH). Seven days after induction, the intake of Açaí by the IM group almost completely regenerated tissue histology. Notably, SOD activity decreased in the MUC + Açaí group (D3). CAT activity reduced on D3 and D7 in the IM groups and Açaí treatment groups, respectively. No change was observed in the total GSH concentration at the tissue level. Our results demonstrated the protective effect of Açaí pulp components on intestinal damage induced by 5-FU, as well as the ability to control the response to oxidative stress, in order to mobilize defense pathways and promote tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sttefany Viana Gomes
- Nucleus of Research in Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raiana Mendes E Silva
- Nucleus of Research in Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flaviano Dos Santos Martins
- Departament of Microbiology, Biological Science Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata Nascimento de Freitas
- School of Nutrition, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Nucleus of Research in Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Serino A, Zhao Y, Hwang J, Cullen A, Deeb C, Akhavan N, Arjmandi B, Salazar G. Gender differences in the effect of blackberry supplementation in vascular senescence and atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- mice. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 80:108375. [PMID: 32248057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As the cardiovascular system ages, it becomes more vulnerable to the effects of oxidative stress and inflammation. The aging process, along with external factors such as radiation exposure and lifestyle, induces vascular senescence and accelerates atherosclerotic plaque accumulation. Expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 1 (Nox1), which produces superoxide, is associated with senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro and atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice in vivo. However, it is unknown whether Nox1 could be down-regulated by nutritional interventions aimed to reduce atherosclerosis. Here we study the effect of blackberry supplementation in Nox1 expression and atherosclerosis. Four-month-old ApoE-/- male and female mice were fed low-fat, high-fat or high-fat supplemented with 2% freeze-dried blackberry powder diets for 5 weeks. Analysis of the aorta showed that diet supplemented with blackberry significantly decreased plaque accumulation, senescence associated-β-galactosidase and Nox1 expression in the aorta of male but not female mice. The lipid profile was unchanged by blackberry in both female and male animals. Thus, the known role of Nox1 in atherosclerosis suggests that the atheroprotective effect of blackberry is mediated by Nox1 down-regulation in male mice and that Nox1 is regulated in a gender-dependent manner in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Serino
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Yitong Zhao
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jingwen Hwang
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Abigail Cullen
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Carolyn Deeb
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Neda Akhavan
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Bahram Arjmandi
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging (CAENRA), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Gloria Salazar
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging (CAENRA), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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López de Dicastillo C, Piña C, Garrido L, Arancibia C, Galotto MJ. Enhancing Thermal Stability and Bioaccesibility of Açaí Fruit Polyphenols through Electrohydrodynamic Encapsulation into Zein Electrosprayed Particles. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100464. [PMID: 31600875 PMCID: PMC6826472 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The açaí fruit (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is well known for its high content of antioxidant compounds, especially anthocyanins, which provide beneficial health properties. The incorporation of this fruit is limited to food products whose processing does not involve the use of high temperatures due to the low thermal stability of these functional components. The objective of this work was the encapsulation of açaí fruit antioxidants into electrosprayed zein, a heat-resistant protein, to improve their bioavailability and thermal resistance. First, the hydroalcoholic açaí extract was selected due to its high polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacities, and, subsequently, it was successfully encapsulated in electrosprayed zein particles. Scanning electron microscopy studies revealed that the resulting particles presented cavities with an average size of 924 nm. Structural characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed certain chemical interaction between the active compounds and zein. Encapsulation efficiency was approximately 70%. Results demonstrated the effectiveness of the encapsulated extract on protecting polyphenolic content after high-temperature treatments, such as sterilization (121 °C) and baking (180 °C). Bioaccesibility studies also indicated an increase of polyphenols presence after in vitro digestion stages of encapsulated açaí fruit extract in contrast with the unprotected extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol López de Dicastillo
- Food Packaging Laboratory (Laben-Chile), Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Santiago de Chile, Obispo Umaña 050, 9170201 Santiago, Chile.
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), 9170124 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Constanza Piña
- Food Packaging Laboratory (Laben-Chile), Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Santiago de Chile, Obispo Umaña 050, 9170201 Santiago, Chile.
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), 9170124 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Luan Garrido
- Food Packaging Laboratory (Laben-Chile), Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Santiago de Chile, Obispo Umaña 050, 9170201 Santiago, Chile.
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), 9170124 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Carla Arancibia
- Food Properties Research Group, Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Santiago de Chile, Obispo Umaña 050, 9170201 Santiago, Chile.
| | - María José Galotto
- Food Packaging Laboratory (Laben-Chile), Department of Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Santiago de Chile, Obispo Umaña 050, 9170201 Santiago, Chile.
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), 9170124 Santiago, Chile.
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Kandagatla SK, Uhl RT, Graf TN, Oberlies NH, Raner GM. Pheophorbide Derivatives Isolated from Açaí Berries ( Euterpea oleracea) Activate an Antioxidant Response Element In Vitro. Nat Prod Commun 2019; 14. [PMID: 33214801 DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19852443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-guided fractionation was used to isolate and identify two components of the Brazilian açaí berry (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) with the ability to induce antioxidant response element (ARE)-dependent gene transcription in human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. Using an ARE-Luciferase reporter construct in cultured HepG2 cells, a suite of fractions from dried and powdered açaí berries were evaluated for transcriptional up-regulation of the luciferase gene. Active fractions were further refined until several pure compounds were isolated and identified. These compounds belong to the pheophorbide class of molecules, and are composed of the methyl and ethyl esters of the parent pheophorbide A, all of which are classified as photosensitizers. Using standard pheophorbides, dose response studies were carried out, and ARE-activation could be observed at concentrations as low as 8.2 μM and 16.9 μM for pheophorbide A methyl ester and pheophorbide A, respectively. These studies not only suggest a possible source of antioxidant properties for the açaí berry, but may also explain the recently identified photosensitizing abilities of açaí products as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel K Kandagatla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
| | - Robin Tate Uhl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
| | - Tyler N Graf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
| | - Nicholas H Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
| | - Gregory M Raner
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA 24515
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de Freitas Carvalho MM, Lage NN, de Souza Paulino AH, Pereira RR, de Almeida LT, da Silva TF, de Brito Magalhães CL, de Lima WG, Silva ME, Pedrosa ML, da Costa Guerra JF. Effects of açai on oxidative stress, ER stress, and inflammation-related parameters in mice with high fat diet-fed induced NAFLD. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8107. [PMID: 31147590 PMCID: PMC6542795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most predominant liver disease worldwide, is a progressive condition that encompasses a spectrum of disorders ranging from steatosis to steatohepatitis, and, ultimately, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the underlying mechanism is complex and multifactorial, several intracellular events leading to its progression have been identified, including oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and altered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis. Phenolic compounds, such as those present in açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), are considered promising therapeutic agents due to their possible beneficial effects on the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. We tested in vitro effects of aqueous açai extract (AAE) in HepG2 cells and its influence on oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation in a murine model of high fat diet-induced NAFLD. In vitro AAE exhibited high antioxidant capacity, high potential to inhibit reactive oxygen species production, and no cytotoxicity. In vivo, AAE administration (3 g/kg) for six weeks attenuated liver damage (alanine aminotransferase levels), inflammatory process (number of inflammatory cells and serum TNFα), and oxidative stress, through the reduction of lipid peroxidation and carbonylation of proteins determined by OxyBlot and modulation of the antioxidant enzymes: glutathione reductase, SOD and catalase. No change was observed in collagen content indicating an absence of fibrosis, stress-related genes in RE, and protein expression of caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis. With these results, we provide evidence that açai exhibits hepatoprotective effects and may prevent the progression of liver damage related to NAFLD by targeting pathways involved in its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Medeiros de Freitas Carvalho
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Nara Nunes Lage
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Alice Helena de Souza Paulino
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Rebeca Pereira
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Letícia Trindade de Almeida
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Tales Fernando da Silva
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Lopes de Brito Magalhães
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Geraldo de Lima
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Eustáquio Silva
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
- Department of Foods, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Pedrosa
- Research Center in Biological Sciences; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
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Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) has anti-inflammatory potential through NLRP3-inflammasome modulation. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Ferreira EDS, Rogez HLG, Herman CANP. EFFECT OF THE COMBINATION OF ENZYMATIC PREPARATIONS ON THE AQUEOUS EXTRACTION YIELD OF THE OIL FROM THE PULP OF Euterpe oleracea FRUIT. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20180354s20170305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Phenolic-Rich Baccaurea angulata Modulates Inflammatory Biomarkers of Atherosclerosis. J Nutr Metab 2018; 2018:8406193. [PMID: 30524759 PMCID: PMC6247429 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8406193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading and the most critical type of chronic disease. Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of CVD. Inflammation has been progressively acknowledged as a vital and central player in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Baccaurea angulata is an underutilized fruit of the island of Borneo. It was obtained from Bau, Sarawak, Malaysia. In our previous studies, B. angulata did not only increase antioxidant enzyme activities, but also slowed the lipid peroxidation process in high-cholesterol-fed rabbits. It was hypothesized that B. angulata fruit would exert an anti-inflammatory effect. This study, therefore, aimed at evaluating and comparing the effects of three different B. angulata whole fruit (WF) juice doses on 11 serum inflammatory biomarkers of atherosclerosis. Methods Thirty-five male New Zealand white rabbits were divided into seven groups (n=5). Group CH was fed 1% cholesterol diet only, group C1 was fed 1% cholesterol diet and 0.5 ml/kg/day B. angulata WF juice, group C2 was fed 1% cholesterol diet and 1.0 ml/kg/day B. angulata WF juice, group C3 was fed 1% cholesterol diet and 1.5 ml/kg/day B. angulata WF juice, group N was fed standard pellet only, group N1 was fed standard pellet and 0.5 ml/kg/day B. angulata WF juice, and group N2 was fed standard pellet and 1.0 ml/kg/day B. angulata WF juice for 12 weeks. Results The administration of the various juices reduced the concentrations of induced serum inflammatory biomarkers. Conclusion This protective effect of B. angulata fruit against cardiovascular risk might be due to its polyphenol content.
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da Silveira TFF, Godoy HT. Non-Anthocyanin Phenolic Compounds in Açaí (Euterpe oleraceaMart.) Juice by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector (UHPLC-DAD): A Multivariate Optimization. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 57:139-148. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Teixeira Godoy
- Department of Food Science. Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Monteiro Lobato Street, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Kim H, Simbo SY, Fang C, McAlister L, Roque A, Banerjee N, Talcott ST, Zhao H, Kreider RB, Mertens-Talcott SU. Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) beverage consumption improves biomarkers for inflammation but not glucose- or lipid-metabolism in individuals with metabolic syndrome in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Food Funct 2018; 9:3097-3103. [PMID: 29850709 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00595h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) berries, characterized by high polyphenol concentrations (predominantly anthocyanins), have demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities. The study objective was to determine the modulation of lipid and glucose-metabolism, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation, by an açaí-beverage (containing 1139 mg L-1 gallic acid equivalents of total polyphenolics) in 37 individuals with metabolic syndrome (BMI 33.5 ± 6.7 kg m-2) who were randomized to consume 325 mL twice per d of a placebo control or açaí-beverage for 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, dietary intake, and blood and urine samples were collected at baseline and after 12 weeks of consumption. Two functional biomarkers, plasma level of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and urinary level of 8-isoprostane, were significantly decreased after 12 weeks of açaí consumption compared to the placebo control (p = 0.0141 and 0.0099, respectively). No significant modification of biomarkers for lipid- and glucose-metabolism was observed in this study. Findings from this small pilot study provide a weak indication that the selected dose of açaí polyphenols may be beneficial in metabolic syndrome as only two biomarkers for inflammation and oxidative stress were improved over 12 weeks. Follow-up studies should be conducted with higher polyphenol-doses before drawing conclusions regarding the efficacy of açaí polyphenols in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemee Kim
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Wu X, Wang TTY, Prior RL, Pehrsson PR. Prevention of Atherosclerosis by Berries: The Case of Blueberries. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9172-9188. [PMID: 30092632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Berry consumption has been associated with cardiovascular disease prevention in recent years. Atherosclerosis is one of the major causes of cardiovascular diseases. However, research on the prevention of atherosclerosis through consuming individual whole berries, specifically direct evidence, remains scarce. Therefore, further elucidating the role that berries play in the prevention of atherosclerosis is warranted. In this perspective, blueberries were selected to articulate research strategies for studying atheroprotective effects of berries. Studies from human subjects and various animal models are summarized. The mechanisms by which blueberries may act, through reducing oxidative stress, decreasing inflammation, improving endothelial dysfunction, regulating cholesterol accumulation and trafficking, along with potentially influencing gut microbiota, are also discussed. Blueberries contain high levels of polyphenolic compounds, which were widely indicated as major bioactive compounds. Nonetheless, the metabolites/catabolites after blueberry consumption, such as simple phenolic acids, rather than original compounds in berries, may be the actual in vivo bioactive compounds. Future research should focus on obtaining more direct evidence, preferably in humans, understanding of the mechanisms of action at the molecular level, and identifying bioactive compounds as well as which compounds act synergistically to convey health benefits. The research strategy discussed here may also be applied to the studies of other fruits and berries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronald L Prior
- Department of Food Science , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72704 , United States
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18
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Martins ICVS, Borges NA, Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B, Rogez H, Pinheiro MCN, Nascimento JLM, Mafra D. The value of the Brazilian açai fruit as a therapeutic nutritional strategy for chronic kidney disease patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 50:2207-2220. [PMID: 29915880 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-1912-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) fruit from the Amazon region in Brazil contains bioactive compounds such as α-tocopherol, anthocyanins (cyanidin 3-glycoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside), and other flavonoids with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, the prebiotic activity of anthocyanins in modulating the composition of gut microbiota has emerged as an additional mechanism by which anthocyanins exert health-promoting effects. Açai consumption may be a nutritional therapeutic strategy for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients since these patients present with oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysbiosis. However, the ability of açai to modulate these conditions has not been studied in CKD, and this review presents recent information about açai and its possible therapeutic effects in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle C V S Martins
- Neuroscience and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Federal University Pará (UFPA), Av. Generalíssimo Deodoro, 92 - Umarizal, Belém, PA, 66055-240, Brazil.
| | - Natália A Borges
- Cardiovascular Science Graduate Program, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hervé Rogez
- Centre for Agro-food Valorisation of Amazonian Bioactive Compound, UFPA, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - José L M Nascimento
- Neuroscience and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Federal University Pará (UFPA), Av. Generalíssimo Deodoro, 92 - Umarizal, Belém, PA, 66055-240, Brazil
- Neuroscience Research, Ceuma University, São Luis, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Neuroimmunomodulation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Denise Mafra
- Cardiovascular Science Graduate Program, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Brazil
- Medical Science Graduate Program, UFF, Niterói, Brazil
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19
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Pala D, Barbosa PO, Silva CT, de Souza MO, Freitas FR, Volp ACP, Maranhão RC, Freitas RND. Açai ( Euterpe oleracea Mart.) dietary intake affects plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, cholesteryl ester transfer to high-density lipoprotein and redox metabolism: A prospective study in women. Clin Nutr 2018; 37:618-623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Choi YJ, Choi YJ, Kim N, Nam RH, Lee S, Lee HS, Lee HN, Surh YJ, Lee DH. Açaí Berries Inhibit Colon Tumorigenesis in Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Treated Mice. Gut Liver 2017; 11:243-252. [PMID: 27965474 PMCID: PMC5347649 DOI: 10.5009/gnl16068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of açaí against azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colorectal cancer development. Methods The effect of açaí on tumorigenesis was assessed by evaluating tumor incidence, multiplicity and invasiveness in the mouse colon. The levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], interleukin [IL]-1β, and IL-6) were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Protein levels of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad) and cleaved-caspase-3 were assessed by immunoblotting. Results Administration of pellets containing 5% açaí powder reduced the incidences of both colonic adenoma and cancer (adenoma, 23.1% vs 76.9%, respectively, p=0.006; cancer, 15.4% vs 76.9%, respectively, p=0.002). In the açaí-treated mice, the MPO, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels in the colon were significantly down-regulated. Açaí inhibited PCNA and Bcl-2 expression and increased Bad and cleaved-caspase-3 expression. In vitro studies demonstrated that açaí treatment reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and COX-2 in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Conclusions Açaí demonstrated protective effects against AOM/DSS-induced colon carcinogenesis, which suggests that the intake of açaí may be beneficial for the prevention of human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ryoung Hee Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seonmin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ha-Na Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Liu M, Chen X, Ma J, Hassan W, Wu H, Ling J, Shang J. β-Elemene attenuates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice via restoring NO levels and alleviating oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1789-1798. [PMID: 28962084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Elemene is a major bioactive sesquiterpenoids compound isolated from the essential oils of Curcuma Wenyujin, a Chinese medicinal herb that treats tumor in clinics. However anti-atherosclerotic effects of β-elemene have not been fully investigated in vivo. The objective of this study is to further elucidate the anti-atherosclerotic activities of β-elemene in ApoE-/- mice. Staining techniques and immunohistochemistry were used to validate atherosclerosis. Serum lipids, plasma nitrite and nitrate were analyzed by colorometric methods. ROS and antioxidative enzymes were measured through kits. Proteome profiler array was performed to analyze atherosclerosis-related inflammatory Cytokine. Western blot was used for measuring various proteins expressions. These results revealed that β-elemene inhibited atherosclerotic lesion size and increased stability of plaques in ApoE-/- mice by alleviating levels of vascular oxidative stress and preventing pro-inflammatory cytokine production. In addition β-elemene maintained endothelial function by significantly improving plasma nitrite and nitrate levels and expression of phosphorylation-eNOS in vivo. β-elemene also increased the production of the nitric oxide (NO) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and promoted phosphorylation of eNOSser1177 and Akt in vitro. In Conclusive, data revealed that β-elemene attenuated atherosclerosis and enhanced stability of plaques at least partially through its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory features and protected against endothelial dysfunction in ApoE-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaotong Chen
- CSPC Yuanda (Dalian) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Dalian 116600, Liaoning, China
| | - Ji Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Waseem Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Huali Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawei Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China.
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22
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Faria e Souza BS, Carvalho HO, Taglialegna T, Barros ASA, da Cunha EL, Ferreira IM, Keita H, Navarrete A, Carvalho JCT. Effect of Euterpe oleracea Mart. (Açaí) Oil on Dyslipidemia Caused by Cocos nucifera L. Saturated Fat in Wistar Rats. J Med Food 2017; 20:830-837. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Belmira S. Faria e Souza
- Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Innovation, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Collegiate of Pharmacy, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Helison O. Carvalho
- Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
- School of Science Degree Program, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Talisson Taglialegna
- Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Albenise Santana A. Barros
- Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Edilson Leal da Cunha
- Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Innovation, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, Collegiate of Pharmacy, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Irlon Maciel Ferreira
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Laboratory in Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Hady Keita
- Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Andres Navarrete
- Pharmacology of Natural Products Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Carlos Tavares Carvalho
- Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Health, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
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Heitor RDS, Daniele DCDA, Ariadna LP, Hady K, Jesus RRA, José CTC. Euterpe oleracea Mart. (aai): an old known plant with a new perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajpp2016.4686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) Upregulates Paraoxonase 1 Gene Expression and Activity with Concomitant Reduction of Hepatic Steatosis in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8379105. [PMID: 27642496 PMCID: PMC5014968 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8379105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), a fruit from the Amazon region, has emerged as a promising source of polyphenols. Açai consumption has been increasing owing to ascribed health benefits and antioxidant properties; however, its effects on hepatic injury are limited. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant effect of filtered açai pulp on the expression of paraoxonase (PON) isoforms and PON1 activity in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The rats were fed a standard AIN-93M (control) diet or a high-fat (HF) diet containing 25% soy oil and 1% cholesterol with or without açai pulp (2 g/day) for 6 weeks. Our results show that açai pulp prevented low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, increased serum and hepatic PON1 activity, and upregulated the expression of PON1 and ApoA-I in the liver. In HF diet-fed rats, treatment with açai pulp attenuated liver damage, reducing fat infiltration and triglyceride (TG) content. In rats receiving açai, increased serum PON1 activity was correlated with a reduction in hepatic steatosis and hepatic injury. These findings suggest the use of açai as a potential therapy for liver injuries, supporting the idea that dietary antioxidants are a promising approach to enhance the defensive systems against oxidative stress.
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Brito C, Stavroullakis A, Ferreira A, Li K, Oliveira T, Nogueira-Filho G, Prakki A. Extract of acai-berry inhibits osteoclast differentiation and activity. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 68:29-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Poulose SM, Bielinski DF, Carey A, Schauss AG, Shukitt-Hale B. Modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy and expression of Nrf2 in hippocampus and frontal cortex of rats fed with açaí-enriched diets. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 20:305-315. [PMID: 26750735 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2015.1125654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Açaí (Euterpe spp.), an exotic palm fruit, has recently emerged as a promising source of natural antioxidants with wide pharmacological and nutritional value. In this study, two different species of açaí pulp extracts, naturally grown in two distinct regions of the Amazon, namely, Euterpe oleracea Mart. (habitat: Brazilian floodplains of the Amazon) and Euterpe precatoria Mart. (habitat: Bolivian Amazon), were studied for their effects on brain health and cognition. METHODS Neurochemical analyses were performed in critical brain regions associated with memory and cognition of 19-month-old açaí-fed rats, in whom the cognitive benefits of açaí had been established. RESULTS Results indicated significant reductions (P< 0.05) in prooxidant NADPH-oxidoreductase-2 (NOX2) and proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB in açaí-fed rats. Measurement of Nrf2 expression, a transcription factor for antioxidant enzymes, and a possible link between oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and autophagy mechanisms, indicated significant overexpression (P<0.005) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of the açaí-fed rats. Furthermore, significant activation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes GST and SOD were also observed in the açaí-fed animals when compared to control. Analysis of autophagy markers such as p62, phospho-mTOR, beclin1 and MAP1B-LC3 revealed differential expression in frontal cortex and hippocampus, mostly indicating an upregulation in the açaí-fed rats. DISCUSSION In general, results were more profound for EP than EO in hippocampus as well as frontal cortex. Therefore, an açaí-enriched diet could possibly modulate Nrf2, which is known to modulate the intracellular redox status, thereby regulating the ubiquitin-proteosomal pathway, ultimately affecting cognitive function in the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibu M Poulose
- a USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University , Boston , MA 02111 , USA
| | - Donna F Bielinski
- a USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University , Boston , MA 02111 , USA
| | - Amanda Carey
- a USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University , Boston , MA 02111 , USA.,b Department of Psychology , Simmons College , 300 The Fenway, Boston , MA , USA
| | - Alexander G Schauss
- c Natural and Medicinal Products Research , AIBMR Life Sciences , Puyallup , WA , USA
| | - Barbara Shukitt-Hale
- a USDA-ARS, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University , Boston , MA 02111 , USA
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Carey AN, Miller MG, Fisher DR, Bielinski DF, Gilman CK, Poulose SM, Shukitt-Hale B. Dietary supplementation with the polyphenol-rich açaí pulps (Euterpe oleracea Mart. and Euterpe precatoria Mart.) improves cognition in aged rats and attenuates inflammatory signaling in BV-2 microglial cells. Nutr Neurosci 2015; 20:238-245. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2015.1115213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N. Carey
- Neuroscience and Aging, USDA HNRC on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Simmons College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marshall G. Miller
- Neuroscience and Aging, USDA HNRC on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Derek R. Fisher
- Neuroscience and Aging, USDA HNRC on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donna F. Bielinski
- Neuroscience and Aging, USDA HNRC on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Shibu M. Poulose
- Neuroscience and Aging, USDA HNRC on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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Souza-Monteiro JR, Hamoy M, Santana-Coelho D, Arrifano GP, Paraense RS, Costa-Malaquias A, Mendonça JR, da Silva RF, Monteiro WS, Rogez H, de Oliveira DL, do Nascimento JLM, Crespo-López ME. Anticonvulsant properties of Euterpe oleracea in mice. Neurochem Int 2015; 90:20-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Song K, Zhang J, Zhang P, Wang HQ, Liu C, Li BM, Kang J, Chen RY. Five new bioactive compounds from Chenopodium ambrosioides. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2015; 17:482-490. [PMID: 26001043 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2015.1042872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Five new bioactive compounds, chenopodiumamines A-D (1-4) and chenopodiumoside A (5), were isolated from the ethanol extract of Chenopodium ambrosioides. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by various spectroscopic means (UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR). Compounds 1-3 had moderate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Song
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Beijing 100050 , China
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Guerra JFDC, Maciel PS, de Abreu ICME, Pereira RR, Silva M, Cardoso LDM, Pinheiro-Sant'Ana HM, Lima WGD, Silva ME, Pedrosa ML. Dietary açai attenuates hepatic steatosis via adiponectin-mediated effects on lipid metabolism in high-fat diet mice. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Yamaguchi KKDL, Pereira LFR, Lamarão CV, Lima ES, da Veiga-Junior VF. Amazon acai: chemistry and biological activities: a review. Food Chem 2015; 179:137-51. [PMID: 25722148 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acai (acai or assai) is one of the Amazon's most popular functional foods and widely used in the world. There are many benefits to its alleged use in the growing market for nutraceuticals. The acai extracts have a range of polyphenolic components with antioxidant properties, some of those present in greater quantity are orientin, isoorientin and vanillic acid, as well as anthocyanins cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside. The presence of these substances is linked mainly to the antioxidant, anti- inflammatory, anti-proliferative and cardioprotective activities. Importantly, there are two main species of the Euterpe genus which produce acai. There are several differences between them but they are still quite unknown, from literature to producers and consumers. In this review are highlighted the chemical composition, botanical aspects, pharmacological, marketing and nutrition of these species based on studies published in the last five years in order to unify the current knowledge and dissimilarities between them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luiz Felipe Ravazi Pereira
- Chemistry Department, Amazonas Federal University, Av. Rodrigo Octávio, 6.200, Japiim, Manaus, AM 69080-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Victor Lamarão
- Chemistry Department, Amazonas Federal University, Av. Rodrigo Octávio, 6.200, Japiim, Manaus, AM 69080-900, Brazil
| | - Emerson Silva Lima
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, Amazonas Federal University, Alexandre Amorin Street, 330, Aparecida, Manaus, AM 69010300, Brazil
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de Roos B, Duthie GG. Role of dietary pro-oxidants in the maintenance of health and resilience to oxidative stress. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1229-48. [PMID: 25546122 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The average length of human life is increasing, but so does the incidence of age- and lifestyle-related diseases. Improving diet and lifestyle is a key strategy for lifelong health and underlying mechanisms may well include increasing resilience pathways. The purpose of this review is to highlight and evaluate novel mechanisms by which dietary pro-oxidants, including bioactive phytochemicals and fatty acids, increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations just enough to activate transcription factor activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and heat shock factor (HSF), leading to an increase in levels of antioxidant enzymes and heat shock proteins that protect against the damaging effects of ROS. An increasing number of in vivo studies have now shown that dietary pro-oxidant compounds can increase the production of such resilience products. In most studies, dietary pro-oxidants normalized levels of antioxidant enzymes that were decreased by a range of different challenges, rather than raising levels of resilience products per se. Also, it is important to consider that the antioxidant response can be different for different organs. For future studies, however, the measurement of resilience markers may significantly improve our ability to prove the efficacy by which dietary bioactives with pro-oxidant capacities improve lifelong health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baukje de Roos
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Garry G Duthie
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Jussara (Euterpe edulis Mart.) supplementation during pregnancy and lactation modulates the gene and protein expression of inflammation biomarkers induced by trans-fatty acids in the colon of offspring. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:987927. [PMID: 25276060 PMCID: PMC4170783 DOI: 10.1155/2014/987927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal intake of trans-fatty acids (TFAs) in the perinatal period triggers a proinflammatory state in offspring. Anthocyanins contained in fruit are promising modulators of inflammation. This study investigated the effect of Jussara supplementation in the maternal diet on the proinflammatory state of the colon in offspring exposed to perinatal TFAs. On the first day of pregnancy rats were divided into four groups: control diet (C), control diet with 0.5% Jussara supplementation (CJ), diet enriched with hydrogenated vegetable fat, rich in TFAs (T), or T diet supplemented with 0.5% Jussara (TJ) during pregnancy and lactation. We showed that Jussara supplementation in maternal diet (CJ and TJ groups) reduced carcass lipid/protein ratios, serum lipids, glucose, IL-6, TNF-α, gene expression of IL-6R, TNF-αR (P < 0.05), TLR-4 (P < 0.01), and increase Lactobacillus spp. (P < 0.05) in the colon of offspring compared to the T group. The IL-10 (P = 0.035) and IL-10/TNF-α ratio (P < 0.01) was higher in the CJ group than in the T group. The 0.5% Jussara supplementation reverses the adverse effects of perinatal TFAs, improving lipid profiles, glucose levels, body composition, and gut microbiota and reducing low-grade inflammation in the colon of 21-day-old offspring, and could contribute to reducing chronic disease development.
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Aerobic exercise and not a diet supplemented with jussara açaí (Euterpe edulis Martius) alters hepatic oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers in ApoE-deficient mice. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:285-94. [PMID: 24787366 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451400083x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The pulp of jussara açaí (Euterpe edulis Martius) fruit is rich in anthocyanins that exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects similar to those exerted by aerobic exercise. In the present study, we investigated the effects of jussara açaí fruit pulp consumption, either alone or in combination with aerobic exercise, on the hepatic oxidative and inflammatory status of ApoE-deficient (ApoE - / - ) mice. Male mice were divided into four groups (control (C), control plus açaí, exercise plus açaí (EXA) and exercise (EX)) and fed the AIN-93M diet or the AIN-93M diet formulated to contain 2 % freeze-dried açaí pulp. Mice in the EX and EXA groups were subjected to a progressive running programme (5 d/week, 60 min/d, 16 m/min) for 12 weeks. Mice that were made to exercise exhibited reduced (40·85 %; P< 0·05) hepatic superoxide dismutase activity when compared with the C mice, independent of the açaí diet. Mice in the EX group exhibited a lower (42 %; P< 0·05) mRNA expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in the liver compared with the C mice. Mice in the EXA and EX groups had lower percentages of hepatic lipid droplets (70 % and 56 %, respectively; P< 0·05) when compared with the C mice. Mice in the EX group had smaller (58 %; P< 0·05) area of lesions in the aorta when compared with the C mice. Serum lipid profile was not affected (P>0·05). In conclusion, aerobic exercise training rather than açaí fruit pulp consumption or a combination of both enhances the hepatic oxidative and inflammatory status of ApoE - / - mice.
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Restoration of stressor-induced calcium dysregulation and autophagy inhibition by polyphenol-rich açaí (Euterpe spp.) fruit pulp extracts in rodent brain cells in vitro. Nutrition 2013; 30:853-62. [PMID: 24985004 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids in the brain often causes progressive neuronal degeneration and death that are the focal traits of chronic and acute pathologies, including those involving cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to investigate the specific effects of both Euterpe oleracea and Euterpe precatoria açaí fruit pulp on restoring stressor-induced calcium dysregulation, stunted growth of basal dendrites, and autophagy inhibition using embryonic hippocampal and HT22 hippocampal neurons. METHODS Water-soluble whole fruit pulp extracts from two açaí species were applied to rat primary neurons and HT22 hippocampal neurons with varied time and concentrations. Recovery of neurons from dopamine-induced Ca(2+) dysregulation was measured by live cell imaging using fluorescent microscopy. The effect of açaí fruit pulp extracts on neurons following chemically-induced autophagy inhibition was measured using both immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS It has been postulated that at least part of the loss of cognitive function in aging may depend on a dysregulation in calcium ion (Ca(2+)) homeostasis and a loss of autophagy function in the brain, which affects numerous signaling pathways and alters protein homeostasis. In the present study, polyphenol-rich fruit pulp extracts from two species of açaí, Euterpe precatoria and Euterpe oleracea, when applied to rat hippocampal primary neuronal cells (E18), caused a significant (P < 0.05) recovery of depolarized brain cells from dopamine-induced Ca(2+) influx. Autophagy, a protein homeostasis mechanism in brain, when blocked by known inhibitors such as bafilomycin A1 or wortmannin, caused a significant reduction in the growth of primary basal dendrites in rodent primary hippocampal neurons and significant accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins in mouse HT22 hippocampal neurons in culture. However, pretreatment with açaí extracts up to 1 mg/mL significantly increased the length of basal dendrites and attenuated the inhibitor-induced autophagy dysfunction. Açaí extracts activated the phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin, increased the turnover of autophagosomes and MAP1 B LC3-II, and decreased accumulation of LC3-ubiquitin binding P62/SQSTM1. CONCLUSION Although the polyphenol profile of Euterpe precatoria showed substantially higher concentrations of major flavonoids han Euterpe oleracea, the relative effects were essentially similar for both species. The study adds to growing evidence that supports the putative health effects of açaí fruit species on brain cells.
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Laslo M, Sun X, Hsiao CT, Wu WW, Shen RF, Zou S. A botanical containing freeze dried açai pulp promotes healthy aging and reduces oxidative damage in sod1 knockdown flies. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:1117-32. [PMID: 22639178 PMCID: PMC3705126 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), a critical enzyme against oxidative stress, is implicated in aging and degenerative diseases. We previously showed that a nutraceutical containing freeze-dried açai pulp promotes survival of flies fed a high-fat diet or sod1 knockdown flies fed a standard diet. Here, we investigated the effect of açai supplementation initiated at the early or late young adulthood on lifespan, physiological function, and oxidative damage in sod1 knockdown flies. We found that Açai supplementation extended lifespan even when started at the age of 10 days, which is the time shortly before the mortality rate of flies accelerated. Life-long açai supplementation increased lifetime reproductive output in sod1 knockdown flies. Our molecular studies indicate that açai supplementation reduced the protein levels of genes involved in oxidative stress response, cellular growth, and nutrient metabolism. Açai supplementation also affected the protein levels of ribosomal proteins. In addition, açai supplementation decreased the transcript levels of genes involved in oxidative stress response and gluconeogenesis, while increasing the transcript levels of mitochondrial biogenesis genes. Moreover, açai supplementation reduced the level of 4-hydroxynonenal-protein adducts, a lipid peroxidation marker. Our findings suggest that açai supplementation promotes healthy aging in sod1-deficient flies partly through reducing oxidative damage, and modulating nutrient metabolism and oxidative stress response pathways. Our findings provide a foundation to further evaluate the viability of using açai as an effective dietary intervention to promote healthy aging and alleviate symptoms of diseases with a high level of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Laslo
- />Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite #100, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Xiaoping Sun
- />Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite #100, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Cheng-Te Hsiao
- />Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite #100, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Wells W. Wu
- />Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Rong-Fong Shen
- />Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Sige Zou
- />Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite #100, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
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Lind KF, Hansen E, Østerud B, Eilertsen KE, Bayer A, Engqvist M, Leszczak K, Jørgensen TØ, Andersen JH. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of barettin. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:2655-66. [PMID: 23880935 PMCID: PMC3736444 DOI: 10.3390/md11072655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present novel bioactivity for barettin isolated from the marine sponge Geodia barretti. We found that barettin showed strong antioxidant activity in biochemical assays as well as in a lipid peroxidation cell assay. A de-brominated synthetic analogue of barettin did not show the same activity in the antioxidant cell assay, indicating that bromine is important for cellular activity. Barettin was also able to inhibit the secretion of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNFα from LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells. This combination of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities could indicate that barettin has an atheroprotective effect and may therefore be an interesting product to prevent development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karianne F. Lind
- MabCent-SFI, University of Tromsø, Breivika N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +47-776-49268
| | - Espen Hansen
- Marbio, University of Tromsø, Breivika N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; E-Mails: (E.H.); (J.H.A.)
| | - Bjarne Østerud
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; E-Mail:
| | - Karl-Erik Eilertsen
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; E-Mail:
| | - Annette Bayer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; E-Mails: (A.B.); (M.E.); (K.L.)
| | - Magnus Engqvist
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; E-Mails: (A.B.); (M.E.); (K.L.)
| | - Kinga Leszczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; E-Mails: (A.B.); (M.E.); (K.L.)
| | - Trond Ø. Jørgensen
- MabCent-SFI, University of Tromsø, Breivika N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; E-Mail:
| | - Jeanette H. Andersen
- Marbio, University of Tromsø, Breivika N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; E-Mails: (E.H.); (J.H.A.)
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Aronia melanocarpa (chokeberry) polyphenol–rich extract improves antioxidant function and reduces total plasma cholesterol in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Nutr Res 2013; 33:406-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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KIM YONGSIK, JUNG HANA, ZERIN TAMANNA, SONG HOYEON. Protein profiling of paraquat-exposed rat lungs following treatment with Acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) berry extract. Mol Med Rep 2013; 7:881-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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de Souza MO, Souza E Silva L, de Brito Magalhães CL, de Figueiredo BB, Costa DC, Silva ME, Pedrosa ML. The hypocholesterolemic activity of açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is mediated by the enhanced expression of the ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G transporters 5 and 8 and low-density lipoprotein receptor genes in the rat. Nutr Res 2012; 32:976-84. [PMID: 23244543 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the ingestion of açaí pulp can improve serum lipid profile in various animal models; therefore, we hypothesized that açaí pulp (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) may modulate the expression of the genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis in the liver and increase fecal excretion, thus reducing serum cholesterol. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the expression of 7α-hydroxylase and ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G transporters (ABCG5 and ABCG8), which are genes involved with the secretion of cholesterol in the rat. We also evaluated the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R), and apolipoprotein B100, which are involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. Female Fischer rats were divided into 4 groups: the C group, which was fed a standard AIN-93 M diet; the CA group, which was fed a standard diet supplemented with 2% açaí pulp; the H group, which was fed a hypercholesterolemic diet (25% soy oil and 1% cholesterol); and the HA group, which was fed a hypercholesterolemic diet supplemented with 2% açaí pulp. At the end of the experimental period, the rats were euthanized, and their blood and livers were collected. The HA group exhibited a significant decrease in serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and atherogenic index and also had increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cholesterol excretion in feces compared with the H group. In addition, the expression of the LDL-R, ABCG5, and ABCG8 genes was significantly increased by the presence of açaí pulp. These results suggest that açaí pulp promotes a hypocholesterolemic effect in a rat model of dietary-induced hypercholesterolemia through an increase in the expression of ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G transporters, and LDL-R genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Oliveira de Souza
- Research Center in Biological Sciences (NUPEB), Federal University of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Ronis MJJ, Baumgardner JN, Marecki JC, Hennings L, Wu X, Shankar K, Cleves MA, Gomez-Acevedo H, Badger TM. Dietary fat source alters hepatic gene expression profile and determines the type of liver pathology in rats overfed via total enteral nutrition. Physiol Genomics 2012; 44:1073-89. [PMID: 22991207 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00069.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine if dietary fat composition affects the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we overfed male Sprague-Dawley rats low (5%) or high (70%) fat diets with different fat sources: olive oil (OO), corn oil (CO), or echium oil (EO), with total enteral nutrition (TEN) for 21 days. Overfeeding of the 5% CO or 5% EO diets resulted in less steatosis than 5% OO (P < 0.05). Affymetrix array analysis revealed significant differences in hepatic gene expression signatures associated with greater fatty acid synthesis, ChREBP, and SREBP-1c signaling and increased fatty acid transport (P < 0.05) in the 5% OO compared with 5% CO group. The OO groups had macrosteatosis, but no evidence of oxidative stress or necrosis. The 70% CO and 70% EO groups had a mixture of micro- and macrosteatosis or only microsteatosis, respectively; increased oxidative stress; and increased necrotic injury relative to their respective 5% groups (P < 0.05). Oxidative stress and necrosis correlated with increasing peroxidizability of the accumulated triglycerides. Affymetrix array analysis comparing the 70% OO and 70% CO groups revealed increased antioxidant pathways and lower expression of genes linked to inflammation and fibrosis in the 70% OO group. A second study in which 70% OO diet was overfed for 50 days produced no evidence of progression of injury beyond simple steatosis. These data suggest that dietary fat type strongly influences the progression of NAFLD and that a Mediterranean diet high in olive oil may reduce the risk of NAFLD progressing to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J J Ronis
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, USA.
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Speisky H, López-Alarcón C, Gómez M, Fuentes J, Sandoval-Acuña C. First web-based database on total phenolics and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of fruits produced and consumed within the south Andes region of South America. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8851-8859. [PMID: 22512599 DOI: 10.1021/jf205167k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the first database on antioxidants contained in fruits produced and consumed within the south Andes region of South America. The database ( www.portalantioxidantes.com ) contains over 500 total phenolics (TP) and ORAC values for more than 120 species/varieties of fruits. All analyses were conducted by a single ISO/IEC 17025-certified laboratory. The characterization comprised native berries such as maqui ( Aristotelia chilensis ), murtilla ( Ugni molinae ), and calafate ( Barberis microphylla ), which largely outscored all other studied fruits. Major differences in TP and ORAC were observed as a function of the fruit variety in berries, avocado, cherries, and apples. In fruits such as pears, apples, apricots, and peaches, a significant part of the TP and ORAC was accounted for by the antioxidants present in the peel. These data should be useful to estimate the fruit-based intake of TP and, through the ORAC data, their antioxidant-related contribution to the diet of south Andes populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan Speisky
- Laboratory of Antioxidants, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute (INTA), Chile.
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Xie C, Kang J, Li Z, Schauss AG, Badger TM, Nagarajan S, Wu T, Wu X. The açaí flavonoid velutin is a potent anti-inflammatory agent: blockade of LPS-mediated TNF-α and IL-6 production through inhibiting NF-κB activation and MAPK pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:1184-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lönn ME, Dennis JM, Stocker R. Actions of "antioxidants" in the protection against atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:863-84. [PMID: 22664312 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review addresses the role of oxidative processes in atherosclerosis and its resulting cardiovascular disease by focusing on the outcome of antioxidant interventions. Although there is unambiguous evidence for the presence of heightened oxidative stress and resulting damage in atherosclerosis, it remains to be established whether this represents a cause or a consequence of the disease. This critical question is complicated further by the increasing realization that oxidative processes, including those related to signaling, are part of normal cell function. Overall, the results from animal interventions suggest that antioxidants provide benefit neither generally nor consistently. Where benefit is observed, it appears to be achieved at least in part via modulation of biological processes such as increase in nitric oxide bioavailability and induction of protective enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1, rather than via inhibition of oxidative processes and lipid oxidation in the arterial wall. Exceptions to this may be situations of multiple/excessive stress, the relevance of which for humans is not clear. This interpretation is consistent with the overall disappointing outcome of antioxidant interventions in humans and can be rationalized by the spatial compartmentalization of cellular oxidative signaling and/or damage, complex roles of oxidant-producing enzymes, and the multifactorial nature of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Lönn
- Centre for Vascular Research, School of Medical Sciences (Pathology), and Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Wu X, Schauss AG. Mitigation of inflammation with foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:6703-6717. [PMID: 22468569 DOI: 10.1021/jf3007008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Constant overproduction of pro-inflammatory molecules leads to chronic inflammation. Unlike acute inflammation, which is essential for healing, chronic inflammation can delay healing and, if left unchecked, contribute to a host of diseases. There is growing evidence that some dietary factors can play important roles in maintaining health and even reversing the progression of chronic diseases, with anti-inflammatory effects as important underlying mechanism. Such findings add to the body of evidence that certain dietary components, including polyphenols and other types of compounds, found in various dietary factors including fruits, berries, vegetables, nuts, whole grains, and foods of marine origin, can play an important role in attenuating and mitigating chronic pro-inflammatory processes associated with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Wu
- USDA Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center , Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, United States
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Grape skin and loquat leaf extracts and acai puree have potent anti-atherosclerotic and anti-diabetic activity in vitro and in vivo in hypercholesterolemic zebrafish. Int J Mol Med 2012; 30:606-14. [PMID: 22751734 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Three major sources of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which are commonly used in food industry, namely loquat leaf (LL), grape skin (GS) and acai puree, were tested in regard to their potential anti-atherosclerotic and anti-diabetic activity. The compounds were evaluated by in vitro antioxidant assay using a macrophage model and for in vivo hypolipidemic activity using zebrafish. In assays in vitro, all extracts demonstrated potent ferric ion reductive capacity, radical-scavenging activity and inhibition of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation at a final concentration of 0.1 mg/ml. Extracts could also abrogate fructose-mediated protein glycation and mildly inhibit cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). Cellular uptake of oxidized or acetylated LDL into macrophages was inhibited by acai treatment (final concentration, 0.1 mg/ml) and moderately diminished by GS and LL extracts. After 4 weeks of feeding on a high cholesterol diet (HCD), zebrafish exhibited serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels 2.5-fold higher than those fed a normal diet (ND). Within the experimental group, those fed acai demonstrated the lowest serum TC and CETP activity, while the LL-consuming group showed a reduction in serum TC and TG relative to HCD-fed fish. Serum glucose levels also increased in the HCD group, to threefold above the ND group; GS and LL feeding elicited the greatest reduction in hyperglycemia. The groups consuming acai and LL showed much less hepatic inflammation, as well as attenuation of fatty liver and a reduced content of oxidized species. In conclusion, extracts of LL, GS, and acai shared antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic activity in cellular assays and in a hypercholesterolemic zebrafish model.
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The interplay among dietary fat, sugar, protein and açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) pulp in modulating lifespan and reproduction in a Tephritid fruit fly. Exp Gerontol 2012; 47:536-9. [PMID: 22580089 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Macronutrient balance is a critical contributor in modulating lifespan and health. Consumption of diets rich in fruits and vegetables provides numerous health benefits. The interactions among macronutrients and botanicals and how they influence aging and health remain elusive. Here we employed a nutritional geometry approach to investigate the interplay among dietary fat, sugar, protein and antioxidant- and polyphenolic-rich freeze-dried açai pulp in modulating lifespan and reproductive output in the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew). Individual flies were cultured on one of the 24 diets made from a combination of 1) sugar and yeast extract (SY) at four ratios, 2) palmitic acid, a saturated fat, at two concentrations and 3) freeze-dried açai pulp at three concentrations. Fat addition decreased lifespan in females on the sugar only diet and the diet with a low SY ratio, while decreasing lifetime reproductive output in flies on the diet with the low SY ratio when compared to SY ratio-matched low fat controls. Açai supplementation promoted survival, while decreasing lifetime reproductive output, in flies on diets with high fat and high sugar but not other diets when compared to diet-matched non-supplemented controls. These findings reveal that the impact of fat and açai on lifespan and reproductive output depends on the dietary content of other macronutrients. Our results reveal the intricate interplay among macronutrients and nutraceuticals, and underscore the importance of taking macronutrient balance into consideration in designing dietary interventions for aging and health.
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Bolduc V, Baraghis E, Duquette N, Thorin-Trescases N, Lambert J, Lesage F, Thorin E. Catechin prevents severe dyslipidemia-associated changes in wall biomechanics of cerebral arteries in LDLr-/-:hApoB+/+ mice and improves cerebral blood flow. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 302:H1330-9. [PMID: 22268108 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01044.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress contribute to the atherosclerotic process that includes stiffening of large peripheral arteries. In contrast, our laboratory previously reported a paradoxical increase in cerebrovascular compliance in LDLr(-/-):hApoB(+/+) atherosclerotic (ATX) mice (7). We hypothesized that prevention of cerebral artery endothelial dysfunction with a chronic dietary antioxidant intake would normalize the changes in cerebral artery wall structure and biomechanics and prevent the decline in basal cerebral blood flow associated with atherosclerosis. Three-month-old ATX mice were treated, or not, for 3 mo with the polyphenol (+)-catechin (CAT; 30 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) and compared with wild-type controls. In isolated, pressurized cerebral arteries from ATX mice, CAT prevented endothelial dysfunction (deterioration of endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated dilations; P < 0.05), the inward hypertrophic structural remodeling (increase in the wall-to-lumen ratio; P < 0.05), and the rise in cerebrovascular compliance (rightward shift of the stress-strain curve measured in passive conditions, reflecting mechanical properties of the arterial wall; P < 0.05). Doppler optical coherence tomography imaging in vivo confirmed these findings, showing that cerebral compliance was higher in ATX mice and normalized by CAT (P < 0.05). CAT also prevented basal cerebral hypoperfusion in ATX mice (P < 0.05). Active remodeling of the cerebrovascular wall in ATX mice was further suggested by the increase (P < 0.05) in pro-metalloproteinase-9 activity, which was normalized by CAT. We conclude that, by preserving the endothelial function, a chronic treatment with CAT prevents the deleterious effect of severe dyslipidemia on cerebral artery wall structure and biomechanical properties, contributing to preserving resting cerebral blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Bolduc
- Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Pharmacology, Quebec, Canada
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Xie C, Kang J, Chen JR, Lazarenko OP, Ferguson ME, Badger TM, Nagarajan S, Wu X. Lowbush blueberries inhibit scavenger receptors CD36 and SR-A expression and attenuate foam cell formation in ApoE-deficient mice. Food Funct 2011; 2:588-94. [PMID: 21952555 DOI: 10.1039/c1fo10136f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Blueberries have recently been reported to reduce atherosclerotic lesion progression in apoE deficient (apoE(-/-)) mice. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to determine whether lowbush blueberries altered scavenger receptor expression and foam cell formation in apoE(-/-) mice. ApoE(-/-) mice were fed AIN-93 diet (CD) or CD formulated to contain 1% freeze-dried lowbush blueberries (BB) for 20 weeks. Gene expression and protein levels of scavenger receptor CD36 and SR-A in aorta and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages (PM) were lower in mice fed BB (P < 0.05). In the second experiment, apoE(-/-) mice were fed CD or BB for 5 weeks. PM were collected and cultured. Gene expression and protein levels of CD36 and SR-A were found to be lower in PM of BB fed mice (P < 0.05). In PM from BB fed mice, fewer oxLDL-induced foam cells were formed compared to those from mice fed CD. Gene expression and protein levels of PPARγ were lower in the PM of BB fed mice (P < 0.05). Detectable isomers of hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids (HODEs) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETEs) were also lower in the PM of BB fed mice (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In conclusion, BB inhibited expression of the two major scavenger receptors CD36 and SR-A in PM of apoE(-/-) mice, at least in part through down-regulating PPARγ and reducing its endogenous ligands HODEs and HETEs. We proposed that BB mediated reduction of scavenger receptor expression and attenuation of oxLDL-induced foam cell formation in PM of apoE(-/-) mice are important mechanisms of the athero-protective effects of BB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Xie
- USDA Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
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Kang J, Xie C, Li Z, Nagarajan S, Schauss AG, Wu T, Wu X. Flavonoids from acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) pulp and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Food Chem 2011; 128:152-7. [PMID: 25214342 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Five flavonoids, (2S,3S)-dihyrokaempferol 3-O-β-d-glucoside (1) and its isomer (2R,3R)-dihydrokaempferol 3-O-β-d-glucoside (2) , isovitexin (3), velutin (4) and 5,4'-dihydroxy-7,3',5'-trimethoxyflavone (5), were isolated from acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) pulp. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based upon spectroscopic and chemical analyses. To our knowledge, compounds 1, 2, 4 and 5 were identified from acai pulp for the first time. The in vitro antioxidant activities of these compounds were evaluated by the oxygen radial absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. The ORAC values varied distinctly (4458.0-22404.5μmol Trolox equivalent (TE)/g) from 5,4'-dihydroxy-7,3',5'-trimethoxyflavone (5) to isovitexin (3) and were affected by the numbers/positions of hydroxyl groups, substitute groups, as well as stereo configuration. The anti-inflammatory effects of these compounds were screened by the secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter assay, which is designed to measure NF-κB activation. Velutin (4) was found to dose-dependently inhibit SEAP secretion in RAW-blue cells induced by LPS, with an IC50 value of 2.0μM. Velutin (4) also inhibited SEAP secretion induced by oxidised LDL, indicating potential athero-protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kang
- USDA Arkansas Children's Nutrition Centre, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Chenghui Xie
- USDA Arkansas Children's Nutrition Centre, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Zhimin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 1320 W. Beijing Road, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shanmugam Nagarajan
- USDA Arkansas Children's Nutrition Centre, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | | | - Tong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, 1320 W. Beijing Road, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Xianli Wu
- USDA Arkansas Children's Nutrition Centre, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 15 Children's Way, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
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