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Habtemariam S. Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Mechanisms of Isothiocyanates: Insights from Sulforaphane. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1169. [PMID: 38927376 PMCID: PMC11200786 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) belong to a group of natural products that possess a highly reactive electrophilic -N=C=S functional group. They are stored in plants as precursor molecules, glucosinolates, which are processed by the tyrosinase enzyme upon plant tissue damage to release ITCs, along with other products. Isolated from broccoli, sulforaphane is by far the most studied antioxidant ITC, acting primarily through the induction of a transcription factor, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which upregulates downstream antioxidant genes/proteins. Paradoxically, sulforaphane, as a pro-oxidant compound, can also increase the levels of reactive oxygen species, a mechanism which is attributed to its anticancer effect. Beyond highlighting the common pro-oxidant and antioxidant effects of sulforaphane, the present paper was designed to assess the diverse anti-inflammatory mechanisms reported to date using a variety of in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Sulforaphane downregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, cycloxyhenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The signalling pathways of nuclear factor κB, activator protein 1, sirtuins 1, silent information regulator sirtuin 1 and 3, and microRNAs are among those affected by sulforaphane. These anti-inflammatory actions are sometimes due to direct action via interaction with the sulfhydryl structural moiety of cysteine residues in enzymes/proteins. The following are among the topics discussed in this paper: paradoxical signalling pathways such as the immunosuppressant or immunostimulant mechanisms; crosstalk between the oxidative and inflammatory pathways; and effects dependent on health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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2
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Saha S, Rebouh NY. Anti-Osteoarthritis Mechanism of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3176. [PMID: 38137397 PMCID: PMC10741080 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease and the primary pathogenic consequence of OA is inflammation, which can affect a variety of tissues including the synovial membrane, articular cartilage, and subchondral bone. The development of the intra-articular microenvironment can be significantly influenced by the shift of synovial macrophages between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes. By regulating macrophage inflammatory responses, the NF-κB signaling route is essential in the therapy of OA; whereas, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway appears to manage the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that under oxidative stress and inflammation, there is a significant interaction between transcriptional pathways involving Nrf2 and NF-κB. Studying how Nrf2 signaling affects inflammation and cellular metabolism may help us understand how to treat OA by reprogramming macrophage behavior because Nrf2 signaling is thought to affect cellular metabolism. The candidates for treating OA by promoting an anti-inflammatory mechanism by activating Nrf2 are also reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nazih Y. Rebouh
- Department of Environmental Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Liu S, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Wang Z, Wang P, Zhang M, Shen M, Bao Y, Li D. Sulforaphane Inhibits Foam Cell Formation and Atherosclerosis via Mechanisms Involving the Modulation of Macrophage Cholesterol Transport and the Related Phenotype. Nutrients 2023; 15:2117. [PMID: 37432260 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate, is one of the major dietary phytochemicals found in cruciferous vegetables. Many studies suggest that SFN can protect against cancer and cardiometabolic diseases. Despite the proposed systemic and local vascular protective mechanisms, SFN's potential to inhibit atherogenesis by targeting macrophages remains unknown. In this study, in high fat diet fed ApoE-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice, oral SFN treatment improved dyslipidemia and inhibited atherosclerotic plaque formation and the unstable phenotype, as demonstrated by reductions in the lesion areas in both the aortic sinus and whole aorta, percentages of necrotic cores, vascular macrophage infiltration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In THP-1-derived macrophages, preadministration SFN alleviated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury. Moreover, a functional study revealed that peritoneal macrophages isolated from SFN-treated mice exhibited attenuated cholesterol influx and enhanced apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I)- and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated cholesterol efflux. Mechanistic analysis revealed that SFN supplementation induced both intralesional and intraperitoneal macrophage phenotypic switching toward high expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A/G member 1 (ABCA1/G1) and low expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), which was further validated by the aortic protein expression. These results suggest that the regulation of macrophages' cholesterol transport and accumulation may be mainly responsible for SFN's potential atheroprotective properties, and the regulatory mechanisms might involve upregulating ABCA1/G1 and downregulating CD36 via the modulation of PPARγ and Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Xiangyu Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ziling Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mengfan Shen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yongping Bao
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7UQ, Norfolk, UK
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Nutrition Transformation, Guangzhou 510080, China
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4
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Wang M, Chen M, Guo R, Ding Y, Zhang H, He Y. The improvement of sulforaphane in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and related complications: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Kamal RM, Abdull Razis AF, Mohd Sukri NS, Perimal EK, Ahmad H, Patrick R, Djedaini-Pilard F, Mazzon E, Rigaud S. Beneficial Health Effects of Glucosinolates-Derived Isothiocyanates on Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030624. [PMID: 35163897 PMCID: PMC8838317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are illnesses that affect the nervous system and heart, all of which are vital to the human body. To maintain health of the human body, vegetable diets serve as a preventive approach and particularly Brassica vegetables have been associated with lower risks of chronic diseases, especially NDDs and CVDs. Interestingly, glucosinolates (GLs) and isothiocyanates (ITCs) are phytochemicals that are mostly found in the Cruciferae family and they have been largely documented as antioxidants contributing to both cardio- and neuroprotective effects. The hydrolytic breakdown of GLs into ITCs such as sulforaphane (SFN), phenylethyl ITC (PEITC), moringin (MG), erucin (ER), and allyl ITC (AITC) has been recognized to exert significant effects with regards to cardio- and neuroprotection. From past in vivo and/or in vitro studies, those phytochemicals have displayed the ability to mitigate the adverse effects of reactive oxidation species (ROS), inflammation, and apoptosis, which are the primary causes of CVDs and NDDs. This review focuses on the protective effects of those GL-derived ITCs, featuring their beneficial effects and the mechanisms behind those effects in CVDs and NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramla Muhammad Kamal
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University Dutse, Dutse 720101, Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Nurul Syafuhah Mohd Sukri
- Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat 86400, Johor, Malaysia;
| | - Enoch Kumar Perimal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Hafandi Ahmad
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Rollin Patrick
- Université d’Orléans et CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, BP 6759, CEDEX 02, F-45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Florence Djedaini-Pilard
- LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu—UFR des Sciences, F-80000 Amiens, France; (F.D.-P.); (S.R.)
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- Laboratorio di Neurologia Sperimentale, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", 98124 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sébastien Rigaud
- LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu—UFR des Sciences, F-80000 Amiens, France; (F.D.-P.); (S.R.)
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6
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Gamba M, Asllanaj E, Raguindin PF, Glisic M, Franco OH, Minder B, Bussler W, Metzger B, Kern H, Muka T. Nutritional and phytochemical characterization of radish (Raphanus sativus): A systematic review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Enayati A, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Anti-atherosclerotic Effects of Spice-Derived Phytochemicals. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1197-1223. [PMID: 32368966 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200505084620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world. Atherosclerosis is characterized by oxidized lipid deposition and inflammation in the arterial wall and represents a significant problem in public health and medicine. Some dietary spices have been widely used in many countries; however, the mechanism of their action as it relates to the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis is still poorly understood. In this review, we focus on the properties of various spice-derived active ingredients used in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, as well as associated atherosclerotic risk factors. We provide a summary of the mechanisms of action, epidemiological analyses, and studies of various components of spice used in the clinic, animal models, and cell lines related to atherosclerosis. Most notably, we focused on mechanisms of action by which these spice-derived compounds elicit their lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties, as well as their involvement in selected biochemical and signal transduction pathways. It is suggested that future research should aim to design well-controlled clinical trials and more thoroughly investigate the role of spices and their active components in the prevention/treatment of atherosclerosis. Based on this literature review, it appears that spices and their active components are well tolerated and have few adverse side effects and, therefore, provide a promising adjunctive treatment strategy for patients with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesheh Enayati
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
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Sulforaphane ameliorates lipid profile in rodents: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7804. [PMID: 33833347 PMCID: PMC8032686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), a naturally-occurring isothiocyanate enriched in cabbage and broccoli, has been provided as food supplements to improve weight management and reduce lipid levels. However, its effects on serum lipid profiles are contradictory. In this review, a meta-analysis and systematic review of SFN on lipid reduction and weight control is assessed with mice and rats fed on high-fat diet. The effects of SFN supplementation were evaluated by weighted mean difference (WMD) in body weight (BW), liver weight (LW) and also by its effect on serum lipids. A random-effects model was applied to estimate the overall summary effect. SFN reduced BW (WMD: − 2.76 g, 95% CI: − 4.19, − 1.34) and LW (WMD: − 0.93 g, 95% CI: − 1.63, − 0.23) significantly in our ten trials. Its effects on serum total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: − 15.62 mg/dL, 95% CI: − 24.07, − 7.18), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD: − 8.35 mg/dL, 95% CI: − 15.47, − 1.24) and triglyceride (TG) (WMD: − 40.85 mg/dL, 95% CI: − 67.46, − 14.24) were significant except for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) component (WMD: 1.05 mg/dL, 95% CI: − 3.44, 5.54). However, species, disease model, duration, SFN dosage as well as route of administration did not explain the heterogeneity among studies. In summary, these findings provide new insights concerning preclinical strategies for treating diseases including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as well as cardiovascular disease with SFN supplements.
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9
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Forman HJ, Zhang H. Targeting oxidative stress in disease: promise and limitations of antioxidant therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:689-709. [PMID: 34194012 PMCID: PMC8243062 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 987] [Impact Index Per Article: 329.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a component of many diseases, including atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Alzheimer disease and cancer. Although numerous small molecules evaluated as antioxidants have exhibited therapeutic potential in preclinical studies, clinical trial results have been disappointing. A greater understanding of the mechanisms through which antioxidants act and where and when they are effective may provide a rational approach that leads to greater pharmacological success. Here, we review the relationships between oxidative stress, redox signalling and disease, the mechanisms through which oxidative stress can contribute to pathology, how antioxidant defences work, what limits their effectiveness and how antioxidant defences can be increased through physiological signalling, dietary components and potential pharmaceutical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Jay Forman
- University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA. .,Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Hongqiao Zhang
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
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10
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Cardozo LFMF, Alvarenga LA, Ribeiro M, Dai L, Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B, Mafra D. Cruciferous vegetables: rationale for exploring potential salutary effects of sulforaphane-rich foods in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nutr Rev 2020; 79:1204-1224. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a sulfur-containing isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae) and a well-known activator of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), considered a master regulator of cellular antioxidant responses. Patients with chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) present with high levels of oxidative stress and a massive inflammatory burden associated with diminished Nrf2 and elevated nuclear transcription factor-κB-κB expression. Because it is a common constituent of dietary vegetables, the salutogenic properties of sulforaphane, especially it’s antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, have been explored as a nutritional intervention in a range of diseases of ageing, though data on CKD remain scarce. In this brief review, the effects of SFN as a senotherapeutic agent are described and a rationale is provided for studies that aim to explore the potential benefits of SFN-rich foods in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila F M F Cardozo
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia A Alvarenga
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lu Dai
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul G Shiels
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Li W, Yu J, Xiao X, Li W, Zang L, Han T, Zhang D, Niu X. The inhibitory effect of (-)-Epicatechin gallate on the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells weakens and stabilizes atherosclerosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 891:173761. [PMID: 33249078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) lesions play an important role in atherosclerosis. The latest findings indicate that green tea extract has potential benefits for patients with atherosclerosis, but the components and mechanisms of action are unknown. (-)-Epicatechin gallate (ECG) is the main active ingredient extracted from green tea and has significant biological functions. However, the mechanism of ECG in atherosclerosis remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the intervention of ECG on VSMCs induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). The results show that ECG reduces the inflammatory response by preventing the overproduction of inflammatory mediators in VSMCs. ECG regulates the cell cycle and down-regulates the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclinD1, and then exerts an anti-proliferative effect. Furthermore, inhibition of the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) may be the mechanism by which ECG inhibits the migration of ox-LDL-induced VSMCs. Oil red O staining results show that ECG can improve cell foaming and reduce the content of total cholesterol (TC). In addition, ECG significantly reduces reactive oxygen species activity and also reduces the expression of p-p38, p-JNK, p-ERK1/2, p-IκBα, p-NF-κBp65, and TLR4. These results indicate that ECG has potential clinical applications for preventing atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jinjin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xin Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Wenqi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Lulu Zang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Tengfei Han
- Shaanxi Panlong Pharmaceutical Group Limited By Share LTD, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Dezhu Zhang
- Shaanxi Panlong Pharmaceutical Group Limited By Share LTD, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.
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12
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Fukunaga N, Kawajiri H, Badiwala MV, Butany J, Li RK, Billia F, Rao V. Protective role of Nrf2 against ischemia reperfusion injury and cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:1262-1271. [PMID: 31769924 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) remain unsolved complications post-heart transplant (Tx). The antioxidant transcription factor Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been suggested to inhibit reactive oxygen species-mediated NF-κB activation. We hypothesized that Nrf2 inhibits NF-κB activation post-Tx and suppresses IRI and the subsequent development of CAV. IRI and CAV were investigated in murine heterotopic Tx models, respectively. Nrf2 wild-type (WT) and KO mice were used as donors. Sulforaphane was used as an Nrf2 agonist. In saline-treated animals following 24 hours of reperfusion in isogenic grafts, Nrf2-KO showed significantly less SOD1/2 activity compared with WT. Nrf2-KO displayed significantly high total and phosphorylated p65 expressions and percentage of cells with nuclear p65. mRNA levels of NF-κB-mediated proinflammatory genes were also high. Graft dysfunction, apoptosis, and caspase-3 activity were significantly higher in Nrf2-KO. In the allograft studies, graft beating score was significantly weaker in Nrf2-KO compared with WT. Nrf2-KO also demonstrated significantly more coronary luminal narrowing. In WT animals, sulforaphane successfully augmented all the protective effects of Nrf2 with increase of SOD2 activity. Nrf2 inhibits NF-κB activation and protects against IRI via its antioxidant properties and suppresses the subsequent development of CAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Fukunaga
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Kawajiri
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mitesh V Badiwala
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jagdish Butany
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ren-Ke Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Filio Billia
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vivek Rao
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Abstract
In-stent neoatherosclerosis is an important problem after percutaneous coronary intervention. To explore the mechanisms and treatment of in-stent neoatherosclerosis, an animal model is needed. To avoid the disadvantages of current animal models, such as excessive use of X-rays and a high mortality rate, we attempted to develop an improved animal model. We explored a method that uses a short time interval to establish a rabbit model of in-stent neoatherosclerosis with a high survival rate and to evaluate its indicators. Sixty rabbits were divided into three equal groups: group A, the traditional method; group B, the standard intervention method; and group C, the improved method. In group C, we made two small incisions in each rabbit's neck, separated the common carotid, punctured it, and implanted a stent. The incision was then sutured. Four weeks later, we used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to scan all rabbits for neoatherosclerosis. We found no significant differences in OCT data between our new animal model and the traditional and interventional groups (P > 0.05). The technological success rate was higher in the new animal model (P < 0.001). We developed a new method to establish an animal model of neoatherosclerosis, which had similar results to the traditional and interventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education
| | - Xing Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education
| | - Ruoxi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education
| | - Shuyuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education
| | - Jingbo Hou
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education
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Subedi L, Lee JH, Yumnam S, Ji E, Kim SY. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Sulforaphane on LPS-Activated Microglia Potentially through JNK/AP-1/NF-κB Inhibition and Nrf2/HO-1 Activation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020194. [PMID: 30813369 PMCID: PMC6406309 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), a potent nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activator, is present in the species of the Brassicaceae, especially in broccoli sprouts. In this study, the effects of SFN against microglial activation and inflammation, and the potential mechanisms involved, were analyzed. As mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling plays a key role in microglial activation and inflammation, we focused on the role of SFN in regulating the MAPK signaling regulation of the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cascades in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of SFN were explored by evaluating the expression and secretion of inflammatory proteins, cytokines, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and activator protein-1 (AP-1) under pre- and post-treatment conditions. Under the SFN pre- and post-treatment conditions, the MAPK phosphorylation levels were significantly reduced in both acutely and chronically activated microglial cells. SFN also reduced the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation levels, which subsequently reduced NF-κB and AP-1 signaling. As a result, the expression of the inflammatory mediators (iNOS, COX-2, NO, and PGE2) and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) was decreased. At the same time, SFN increased the expression of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as well as the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-4. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that SFN exerts an anti-neuroinflammatory effect on microglia through JNK/AP-1/NF-κB pathway inhibition and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Subedi
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Jae Hyuk Lee
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Silvia Yumnam
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Eunhee Ji
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, 191, Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea.
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea.
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Lee SY, Jang EJ, Bae IH, Park DS, Sim DS, Jeong M. Efficacy of dextran and peptide-everolimus bi-directional stent. J Biomater Appl 2019; 33:1232-1241. [PMID: 30776991 DOI: 10.1177/0885328218822664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Everolimus inhibits stent restenosis and the WKYMV (fluorescein isothiocyanate) peptide promotes endothelial homing. Dextran is a natural polymer that is widely used as a pharmaceutical agent. The purpose of this study was to develop a double-drug-coated stent using a bidirectional coating system and to examine the surface shape with in vitro experiments. Stent length was 16 mm and strut thickness was 70 µm (Chonnam National University Hospital Tiger stent). Optical and scanning electron microscopy showed good coating without cracks or bubbles. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-peptide was dip-coated on the lumen and the abluminal surface was coated with everolimus and dextran. Stents were coated with dextran, everolimus, or everolimus-dextran. The radial force and flexibility were measured to determine the mechanical properties. Contact angle testing was performed in all groups. Dextran and peptide as hydrophilic substances and everolimus as a hydrophobic substance were each coated on cover glasses (cobalt-chromium). A10 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used in the experiments. Water and dimethyl sulfoxide served as a control, and three drug groups were tested: peptide-everolimus, everolimus-dextran, and peptide-everolimus-dextran. Immunocytochemistry was performed to assess cell adhesion. Light intensity was plotted according to the average on nuclear staining. Experiments were conducted using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine to investigate A10 and human umbilical vein endothelial cell proliferation. Cell adhesion and proliferation of peptide-everolimus-dextran were inhibited at A10, and human umbilical vein endothelial cell was found to proliferate with cell adhesion. On conclusion, dextran and peptide-everolimus bidirectional stent is effective in re-endothelialization and inhibition of cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Youn Lee
- Chonnam National University Hospital, 501-757, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jae Jang
- Chonnam National University Hospital, 501-757, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Ho Bae
- Chonnam National University Hospital, 501-757, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Park
- Chonnam National University Hospital, 501-757, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Sun Sim
- Chonnam National University Hospital, 501-757, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - MyungHo Jeong
- Chonnam National University Hospital, 501-757, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Qiu L, Xu C, Jiang H, Li W, Tong S, Xia H. Cantharidin Attenuates the Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells through Suppressing Inflammatory Response. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:34-42. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University
| | - Changwu Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Suiyang Tong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University
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17
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Patel B, Mann GE, Chapple SJ. Concerted redox modulation by sulforaphane alleviates diabetes and cardiometabolic syndrome. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 122:150-160. [PMID: 29427794 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and cardiometabolic disorders such as hypertension and obesity are major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease, with a wealth of evidence suggesting that oxidative stress is linked to the initiation and pathogenesis of these disease processes. With yearly increases in the global incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes, numerous studies have focused on characterizing whether upregulating antioxidant defenses through exogenous antioxidants (e.g. vitamin E, vitamin C) or activation of endogenous defenses (e.g. the Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant defense pathway) may be of benefit. The dietary isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN) is currently the subject of several clinical trials for a variety of disease states, including the evaluation of its therapeutic potential to ameliorate diabetic and cardiometabolic complications. SFN is a well characterized and potent Nrf2 inducer, however recent studies suggest its protective actions may be in part mediated by its modulation of various pro-inflammatory (e.g. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB)) and metabolic (e.g. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activator Receptor Gamma (PPARγ)) signaling pathways. The focus of this review is to provide a detailed analysis of the known mechanisms by which SFN modulates Nrf2, NFκB and PPARγ signaling and crosstalk and to provide a critical evaluation of the evidence linking these transcriptional pathways with diabetic and cardiometabolic complications and SFN mediated cytoprotection. To allow comparison between rodent and human studies, we discuss the published bioavailability of SFN metabolites achieved in rodents and man in the context of Nrf2, NFκB and PPARγ signaling. Furthermore, we provide an update on the functional outcomes and implicated signaling pathways reported in recent clinical trials with SFN in Type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijal Patel
- King's BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Chapple
- King's BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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18
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Ma L, Liu G, Zong G, Sampson L, Hu FB, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Manson JE, Rexrode KM, Sun Q. Intake of glucosinolates and risk of coronary heart disease in three large prospective cohorts of US men and women. Clin Epidemiol 2018; 10:749-762. [PMID: 29988715 PMCID: PMC6029595 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s164497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Glucosinolates, a group of phytochemicals abundant in cruciferous vegetables, may have cardioprotective properties. However, no prospective study has evaluated the association of intake of glucosinolates with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Objective The objective of the study was to evaluate the association between the intake of glucosinolates and incident CHD in US men and women. Design Prospective longitudinal cohort study. Setting Health professionals in the USA. Participants We followed 74,241 women in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS; 1984–2012), 94,163 women in the NHSII (1991–2013), and 42,170 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986–2012), who were free of cardiovascular disease and cancer at baseline. Exposure Glucosinolate intake was assessed using validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires at baseline and updated every 2–4 years during follow-up. Main outcome measures Incident cases of CHD were confirmed by medical record review. Results During 4,824,001 person-years of follow-up, 8,010 cases of CHD were identified in the three cohorts. After adjustment for major lifestyle and dietary risk factors of CHD, weak but significantly positive associations were observed for glucosinolates with CHD risk when comparing the top with bottom quintiles (hazard ratio [HR]:1.09; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.17; Ptrend<0.001). Higher intakes of three major subtypes of glucosinolates were consistently associated with a higher CHD risk, although the association for indolylglucosinolate did not achieve statistical significance. Regarding cruciferous vegetable intake, participants who consumed one or more servings per week of Brussels sprouts (HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.26; P<0.001) and cabbage (HR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.17; P=0.009) had a significantly higher CHD risk than those who consumed these cruciferous vegetables less than once per month. Conclusion and relevance In these three prospective cohort studies, dietary glucosinolate intake was associated with a slightly higher risk of CHD in US adults. These results warrant replications in further studies including biomarker-based studies. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and elucidate mechanistic pathways that may underlie these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Ma
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, .,Department of Maternal, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,
| | - Geng Zong
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,
| | - Laura Sampson
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine,
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine,
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, .,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine,
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.,Department of Medicine.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn M Rexrode
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA, .,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine,
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19
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Sulforaphane attenuates bisphenol A-induced 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation through cell cycle arrest. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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20
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Choi SY, Kee HJ, Jin L, Ryu Y, Sun S, Kim GR, Jeong MH. Inhibition of class IIa histone deacetylase activity by gallic acid, sulforaphane, TMP269, and panobinostat. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 101:145-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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21
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Novel treatment strategies for chronic kidney disease: insights from the animal kingdom. Nat Rev Nephrol 2018; 14:265-284. [PMID: 29332935 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many of the >2 million animal species that inhabit Earth have developed survival mechanisms that aid in the prevention of obesity, kidney disease, starvation, dehydration and vascular ageing; however, some animals remain susceptible to these complications. Domestic and captive wild felids, for example, show susceptibility to chronic kidney disease (CKD), potentially linked to the high protein intake of these animals. By contrast, naked mole rats are a model of longevity and are protected from extreme environmental conditions through mechanisms that provide resistance to oxidative stress. Biomimetic studies suggest that the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) offers protection in extreme environmental conditions and promotes longevity in the animal kingdom. Similarly, during months of fasting, immobilization and anuria, hibernating bears are protected from muscle wasting, azotaemia, thrombotic complications, organ damage and osteoporosis - features that are often associated with CKD. Improved understanding of the susceptibility and protective mechanisms of these animals and others could provide insights into novel strategies to prevent and treat several human diseases, such as CKD and ageing-associated complications. An integrated collaboration between nephrologists and experts from other fields, such as veterinarians, zoologists, biologists, anthropologists and ecologists, could introduce a novel approach for improving human health and help nephrologists to find novel treatment strategies for CKD.
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22
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Histone deacetylase and GATA-binding factor 6 regulate arterial remodeling in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. J Hypertens 2017; 34:2206-19. [PMID: 27512969 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been reported to improve essential and secondary hypertension. However, the specific HDAC that might serve as a therapeutic target and the associated upstream and downstream molecules involved in regulating hypertension remain unknown. Our study was aimed at investigating whether a selective inhibitor of class II HDAC (MC1568) modulates hypertension, elucidating the underlying mechanism. METHODS Hypertension was established by administering angiotensin II (Ang II) to mice before treatment with MC1568. SBP was measured. RESULTS Treatment with MC1568 reduced elevated SBP; attenuated arterial remodeling in the kidney's small arteries and thoracic aorta; and inhibited cell cycle regulatory gene expression, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, DNA synthesis, and VSMC hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro. Ang II enhanced the expression of phosphorylated HDAC4 and GATA-binding factor 6 (GATA6) proteins, which were specifically localized in the cytoplasm of cells in the arteries of kidneys and in aortas. Forced expression and knockdown of HDAC4 increased and decreased, respectively, the proliferation and expression of cell cycle genes in VSMCs. GATA6, a newly described binding partner of HDAC4, markedly enhanced the size and number of VSMCs. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase IIα (CaMKIIα), but not HDAC4, translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in response to Ang II. CaMKIIα and protein kinase D1 were associated with VSMC hypertrophy and hyperplasia via direct interaction with HDAC4. MC1568 treatment weakened the association between HDAC4 and CaMKIIα. CONCLUSION These results suggest that class II HDAC inhibition attenuates hypertension by negatively regulating VSMC hypertrophy and hyperplasia via the CaMKIIα/protein kinase D1/HDAC4/GATA6 pathway.
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23
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Gallic acid attenuates hypertension, cardiac remodeling, and fibrosis in mice with N G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-induced hypertension via regulation of histone deacetylase 1 or histone deacetylase 2. J Hypertens 2017; 35:1502-1512. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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24
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Cao W, Hu N, Yuan Y, Cheng J, Guo X, Wang Y, Wang X, Hu P. Effects of Tilianin on Proliferation, Migration and TGF-β/Smad Signaling in Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Induced with Angiotensin II. Phytother Res 2017. [PMID: 28620995 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiang Cao
- First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College; Shihezi University; Xinjiang 832008 China
| | - Na Hu
- College of Medicine; Shihezi University; Xinjiang 832002 China
| | - Yong Yuan
- First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College; Shihezi University; Xinjiang 832008 China
| | - Jiang Cheng
- First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College; Shihezi University; Xinjiang 832008 China
| | - Xinhong Guo
- First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College; Shihezi University; Xinjiang 832008 China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College; Shihezi University; Xinjiang 832008 China
- College of Medicine; Shihezi University; Xinjiang 832002 China
| | - Xinchun Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College; Shihezi University; Xinjiang 832008 China
- College of Medicine; Shihezi University; Xinjiang 832002 China
| | - Ping Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Innovative Drug Research Centre; Chongqing University; 55 South Daxuecheng Road Chongqing 401331 China
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25
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Shawky NM, Segar L. Sulforaphane inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by targeting mTOR/p70S6kinase signaling independent of Nrf2 activation. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:251-264. [PMID: 28212891 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2, a transcription factor) and/or inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are implicated in the suppression of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. The present study has examined the likely regulatory effects of sulforaphane (SFN, an antioxidant) on Nrf2 activation and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced mTOR signaling in VSMCs. Using human aortic VSMCs, nuclear extraction and siRNA-mediated downregulation studies were performed to determine the role of Nrf2 on SFN regulation of PDGF-induced proliferative signaling. Immunoprecipitation and/or immunoblot studies were carried out to determine how SFN regulates PDGF-induced mTOR/p70S6K/S6 versus ERK and Akt signaling. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to determine SFN regulation of S6 phosphorylation in the injured mouse femoral artery. SFN (5μM) inhibits PDGF-induced activation of mTOR without affecting mTOR association with raptor in VSMCs. While SFN inhibits PDGF-induced phosphorylation of p70S6K and 4E-BP1 (downstream targets of mTOR), it does not affect ERK or Akt phosphorylation. In addition, SFN diminishes exaggerated phosphorylation of S6 ribosomal protein (a downstream target of p70S6K) in VSMCs in vitro and in the neointimal layer of injured artery in vivo. Although SFN promotes Nrf2 accumulation to upregulate cytoprotective genes (e.g., heme oxygenase-1 and thioredoxin-1), downregulation of endogenous Nrf2 by target-specific siRNA reveals an Nrf2-independent effect for SFN-mediated inhibition of mTOR/p70S6K/S6 signaling and suppression of VSMC proliferation. Strategies that utilize local delivery of SFN at the lesion site may limit restenosis after angioplasty by targeting mTOR/p70S6K/S6 axis in VSMCs independent of Nrf2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Shawky
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Lakshman Segar
- Center for Pharmacy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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26
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Yamagishi SI, Matsui T. Protective role of sulphoraphane against vascular complications in diabetes. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2329-2339. [PMID: 26841240 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1138314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Diabetes is a global health challenge. Although large prospective clinical trials have shown that intensive control of blood glucose or blood pressure reduces the risk for development and progression of vascular complications in diabetes, a substantial number of diabetic patients still experience renal failure and cardiovascular events, which could account for disabilities and high mortality rate in these subjects. Objective Sulphoraphane is a naturally occurring isothiocyanate found in widely consumed cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, cabbage and Brussels sprouts, and an inducer of phase II antioxidant and detoxification enzymes with anticancer properties. We reviewed here the protective role of sulphoraphane against diabetic vascular complications. Methods In this review, literature searches were undertaken in Medline and in CrossRef. Non-English language articles were excluded. Keywords [sulphoraphane and (diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic complications, vascular, cardiomyocytes, heart or glycation)] have been used to select the articles. Results There is accumulating evidence that sulphoraphane exerts beneficial effects on vascular damage in both cell culture and diabetic animal models via antioxidative properties. Furthermore, we have recently found that sulphoraphane inhibits in vitro formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), suppresses the AGE-induced inflammatory reactions in rat aorta by reducing receptor for AGEs (RAGE) expression and decreases serum levels of AGEs in humans. Conclusion These findings suggest that blockade of oxidative stress and/or the AGE-RAGE axis by sulphoraphane may be a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing vascular complications in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho-Ichi Yamagishi
- a Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications , Kurume University School of Medicine , Kurume , Japan
| | - Takanori Matsui
- a Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications , Kurume University School of Medicine , Kurume , Japan
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Sulforaphane effects on postinfarction cardiac remodeling in rats: modulation of redox-sensitive prosurvival and proapoptotic proteins. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 34:106-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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28
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Bonetto JHP, Fernandes RO, Seolin BGDL, Müller DD, Teixeira RB, Araujo AS, Vassallo D, Schenkel PC, Belló-Klein A. Sulforaphane improves oxidative status without attenuating the inflammatory response or cardiac impairment induced by ischemia–reperfusion in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:508-16. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2015-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane, a natural isothiocyanate, demonstrates cardioprotection associated with its capacity to stimulate endogenous antioxidants and to inhibit inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether sulforaphane is capable of attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses through the TLR4/MyD88/NFκB pathway, and thereby could modulate post-ischemic ventricular function in isolated rat hearts submitted to ischemia and reperfusion. Male Wistar rats received sulforaphane (10 mg·kg−1·day−1) or vehicle i.p. for 3 days. Global ischemia was performed using isolated hearts, 24 h after the last injection, by interruption of the perfusion flow. The protocol included a 20 min pre-ischemic period followed by 20 min of ischemia and a 20 min reperfusion. Although no changes in mechanical function were observed, sulforaphane induced a significant increase in superoxide dismutase and heme oxygenase-1 expression (both 66%) and significantly reduced reactive oxygen species levels (7%). No differences were observed for catalase and glutathione peroxidase expression or their activities, nor for thioredoxin reductase, glutaredoxin reductase and glutathione-S-transferase. No differences were found in lipid peroxidation or TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB expression. In conclusion, although sulforaphane was able to stimulate endogenous antioxidants modestly, this result did not impact inflammatory signaling or cardiac function of hearts submitted to ischemia and reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Hellen Poletto Bonetto
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rafael Oliveira Fernandes
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruna Gazzi de Lima Seolin
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Dalvana Daneliza Müller
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rayane Brinck Teixeira
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alex Sander Araujo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Dalton Vassallo
- Health Science Center of Vitória (EMESCAM), Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cavalheiro Schenkel
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Adriane Belló-Klein
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Sulforaphane improves dysregulated metabolic profile and inhibits leptin-induced VSMC proliferation: Implications toward suppression of neointima formation after arterial injury in western diet-fed obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 32:73-84. [PMID: 27142739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), a dietary phase-2 enzyme inducer that mitigates cellular oxidative stress through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation, is known to exhibit beneficial effects in the vessel wall. For instance, it inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, a major event in atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty. In particular, SFN attenuates the mitogenic and pro-inflammatory actions of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), respectively, in VSMCs. Nevertheless, the vasoprotective role of SFN has not been examined in the setting of obesity characterized by hyperleptinemia and insulin resistance. Using the mouse model of western diet-induced obesity, the present study demonstrates for the first time that subcutaneous delivery of SFN (0.5mg/Kg/day) for~3weeks significantly attenuates neointima formation in the injured femoral artery [↓ (decrease) neointima/media ratio by~60%; n=5-8]. This was associated with significant improvements in metabolic parameters, including ↓ weight gain by~52%, ↓ plasma leptin by~42%, ↓ plasma insulin by~63%, insulin resistance [↓ homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index by~73%], glucose tolerance (↓ AUCGTT by~24%), and plasma lipid profile (e.g., ↓ triglycerides). Under in vitro conditions, SFN significantly decreased leptin-induced VSMC proliferation by~23% (n=5) with associated diminutions in leptin-induced cyclin D1 expression and the phosphorylation of p70S6kinase and ribosomal S6 protein (n=3-4). The present findings reveal that, in addition to improving systemic metabolic parameters, SFN inhibits leptin-induced VSMC proliferative signaling that may contribute in part to the suppression of injury-induced neointima formation in diet-induced obesity.
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Feitelson MA, Arzumanyan A, Kulathinal RJ, Blain SW, Holcombe RF, Mahajna J, Marino M, Martinez-Chantar ML, Nawroth R, Sanchez-Garcia I, Sharma D, Saxena NK, Singh N, Vlachostergios PJ, Guo S, Honoki K, Fujii H, Georgakilas AG, Bilsland A, Amedei A, Niccolai E, Amin A, Ashraf SS, Boosani CS, Guha G, Ciriolo MR, Aquilano K, Chen S, Mohammed SI, Azmi AS, Bhakta D, Halicka D, Keith WN, Nowsheen S. Sustained proliferation in cancer: Mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S25-S54. [PMID: 25892662 PMCID: PMC4898971 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proliferation is an important part of cancer development and progression. This is manifest by altered expression and/or activity of cell cycle related proteins. Constitutive activation of many signal transduction pathways also stimulates cell growth. Early steps in tumor development are associated with a fibrogenic response and the development of a hypoxic environment which favors the survival and proliferation of cancer stem cells. Part of the survival strategy of cancer stem cells may manifested by alterations in cell metabolism. Once tumors appear, growth and metastasis may be supported by overproduction of appropriate hormones (in hormonally dependent cancers), by promoting angiogenesis, by undergoing epithelial to mesenchymal transition, by triggering autophagy, and by taking cues from surrounding stromal cells. A number of natural compounds (e.g., curcumin, resveratrol, indole-3-carbinol, brassinin, sulforaphane, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, genistein, ellagitannins, lycopene and quercetin) have been found to inhibit one or more pathways that contribute to proliferation (e.g., hypoxia inducible factor 1, nuclear factor kappa B, phosphoinositide 3 kinase/Akt, insulin-like growth factor receptor 1, Wnt, cell cycle associated proteins, as well as androgen and estrogen receptor signaling). These data, in combination with bioinformatics analyses, will be very important for identifying signaling pathways and molecular targets that may provide early diagnostic markers and/or critical targets for the development of new drugs or drug combinations that block tumor formation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Feitelson
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Alla Arzumanyan
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rob J Kulathinal
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stacy W Blain
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Randall F Holcombe
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jamal Mahajna
- MIGAL-Galilee Technology Center, Cancer Drug Discovery Program, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Maria Marino
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, V.le G. Marconi, 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria L Martinez-Chantar
- Metabolomic Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Technology Park of Bizkaia, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Roman Nawroth
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Isidro Sanchez-Garcia
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Dipali Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Neeraj K Saxena
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Neetu Singh
- Tissue and Cell Culture Unit, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Shanchun Guo
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sophie Chen
- Department of Research and Development, Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Research Trust Laboratory, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7YG, United Kingdom
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Pathology, Karmonas Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Dorota Halicka
- Brander Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Rochester, MN, United States
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Sulforaphane Protects against Cardiovascular Disease via Nrf2 Activation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:407580. [PMID: 26583056 PMCID: PMC4637098 DOI: 10.1155/2015/407580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) causes an unparalleled proportion of the global burden of disease and will remain the main cause of mortality for the near future. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathophysiology of cardiac disorders. Several studies have highlighted the cardinal role played by the overproduction of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species in the pathogenesis of ischemic myocardial damage and consequent cardiac dysfunction. Isothiocyanates (ITC) are sulfur-containing compounds that are broadly distributed among cruciferous vegetables. Sulforaphane (SFN) is an ITC shown to possess anticancer activities by both in vivo and epidemiological studies. Recent data have indicated that the beneficial effects of SFN in CVD are due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. SFN activates NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that serves as a defense mechanism against oxidative stress and electrophilic toxicants by inducing more than a hundred cytoprotective proteins, including antioxidants and phase II detoxifying enzymes. This review will summarize the evidence from clinical studies and animal experiments relating to the potential mechanisms by which SFN modulates Nrf2 activation and protects against CVD.
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Shehatou GSG, Suddek GM. Sulforaphane attenuates the development of atherosclerosis and improves endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 241:426-36. [PMID: 26490346 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215609695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to explore possible protective effects of sulforaphane (SFN) against atherosclerosis development and endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Rabbits were assigned to three groups of five: group I fed normal chow diet for four weeks, group II fed 1% high cholesterol diet (HCD) and group III fed HCD + SFN (0.25 mg/kg/day). Blood samples were collected for measurement of serum triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Aortic malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total nitrite/nitrate (NOx) were measured. Vascular reactivity and intima/media (I/M) ratio were analyzed. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in aortic endothelial cells was identified immunohistochemically. HCD induced significant increases in serum TGs, TC, LDL-C, LDH, and CRP, and aortic MDA and SOD. Moreover, HCD caused significant reductions in serum HDL-C, aortic GSH and NOx. SFN administration significantly decreased HCD-induced elevations in serum TC, LDL-C, CRP, and LDH. while significantly increased HDL-C and GSH levels and normalized aortic SOD and NOx. Additionally, SFN significantly improved rabbit aortic endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine. Moreover, SFN significantly reduced the elevation in I/M ratio. This effect was confirmed by aortic histopathologic examination. The expression of NF-κB in aortic tissue showed a marked reduction upon treatment with SFN. In conclusion, this study reveals that SFN has the ability to ameliorate HCD-induced atherosclerotic lesions progression and vascular dysfunction, possibly via its lipid-lowering and antioxidant effects and suppression of NF-κB-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S G Shehatou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Suddek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Frankel F, Priven M, Richard E, Schweinshault C, Tongo O, Webster A, Barth E, Slejzer K, Edelstein S. Health Functionality of Organosulfides: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2015.1034281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Phloretin Inhibits Platelet-derived Growth Factor-BB–induced Rat Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Neointimal Formation After Carotid Injury. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 65:444-55. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Kee HJ, Kim GR, Kim IK, Jeong MH. Sulforaphane suppresses cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting GATA4/GATA6 expression and MAPK signaling pathways. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 59:221-30. [PMID: 25332186 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Sulforaphane (SFN) is a naturally occurring isothiocynate compound found in cruciferous vegetables. Here, we report the effect of SFN on cardiac hypertrophy and propose an underlying mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS SFN suppresses cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by hypertrophic stimuli in vitro and in vivo. SFN suppresses the expression of fetal genes, including atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, and beta myosin heavy chain. We used an siRNA technique and atrial natriuretic peptide promoter with mutated GATA binding sites to demonstrate that SFN mediates cardiac hypertrophy by modulating transcription factors GATA4/6. CONCLUSION These results suggest that SFN has the potential to prevent cardiac hypertrophy by downregulating GATA4/6 and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jin Kee
- Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
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36
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Hung CN, Huang HP, Wang CJ, Liu KL, Lii CK. Sulforaphane inhibits TNF-α-induced adhesion molecule expression through the Rho A/ROCK/NF-κB signaling pathway. J Med Food 2014; 17:1095-102. [PMID: 25238321 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is an early indicator of cardiovascular diseases. Increased stimulation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) triggers the inflammatory mediator secretion of endothelial cells, leading to atherosclerotic risk. In this study, we investigated whether sulforaphane (SFN) affected the expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in TNF-α-induced ECV 304 endothelial cells. Our data showed that SFN attenuated TNF-α-induced expression of ICAM-1 in ECV 304 cells. Pretreatment of ECV 304 cells with SFN inhibited dose-dependently the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8. SFN inhibited TNF-α-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) DNA binding activity. Furthermore, SFN decreased TNF-α-mediated phosphorylation of IκB kinase (IKK) and IκBα, Rho A, ROCK, ERK1/2, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels. Collectively, SFN inhibited the NF-κB DNA binding activity and downregulated the TNF-α-mediated induction of ICAM-1 in endothelial cells by inhibiting the Rho A/ROCK/NF-κB signaling pathway, suggesting the beneficial effects of SFN on suppression of inflammation within the atherosclerotic lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Nan Hung
- 1 Department of Holistic Wellness, Ming Dao University , ChangHua, Taiwan
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37
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Agbarya A, Ruimi N, Epelbaum R, Ben-Arye E, Mahajna J. Natural products as potential cancer therapy enhancers: A preclinical update. SAGE Open Med 2014; 2:2050312114546924. [PMID: 26770737 PMCID: PMC4607199 DOI: 10.1177/2050312114546924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial disease that arises as a consequence of alterations in many physiological processes. Recently, hallmarks of cancer were suggested that include sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis, along with two emerging hallmarks including reprogramming energy metabolism and escaping immune destruction. Treating multifactorial diseases, such as cancer with agents targeting a single target, might provide partial treatment and, in many cases, disappointing cure rates. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that the regular consumption of fruits and vegetables is strongly associated with a reduced risk of developing chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Since ancient times, plants, herbs, and other natural products have been used as healing agents. Moreover, the majority of the medicinal substances available today have their origin in natural compounds. Traditionally, pharmaceuticals are used to cure diseases, and nutrition and herbs are used to prevent disease and to provide an optimal balance of macro- and micro-nutrients needed for good health. We explored the combination of natural products, dietary nutrition, and cancer chemotherapeutics for improving the efficacy of cancer chemotherapeutics and negating side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abed Agbarya
- Thoracic Oncology Clinic, Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nili Ruimi
- Cancer Drug Discovery Program, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Ron Epelbaum
- Thoracic Oncology Clinic, Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eran Ben-Arye
- Complementary and Traditional Medicine Unit, Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Integrative Oncology Program, The Oncology Service, Lin Medical center, Clalit Health Services, Haifa and Western Galilee District, Israel
| | - Jamal Mahajna
- Cancer Drug Discovery Program, MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Tel-Hai College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
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Kee HJ, Kim GR, Cho SN, Kwon JS, Ahn Y, Kook H, Jeong MH. miR-18a-5p MicroRNA Increases Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation by Downregulating Syndecan4. Korean Circ J 2014; 44:255-63. [PMID: 25089138 PMCID: PMC4117847 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2014.44.4.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Differentiation and de-differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are important events in atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty. MicroRNAs are considered a key regulator in cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Here, we report the role of new miR-18a-5p microRNA and its downstream target genes in VSMCs and in a carotid balloon injury model. Materials and Methods Expression of miR-18a-5p and its candidate genes was examined in VSMCs and in a carotid artery injury model by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and microRNA microarray analysis. VSMC differentiation marker genes including smooth muscle (SM) α-actin and SM22α were determined by Western blot, qRT-PCR, and a SM22α promoter study. Gene overexpression or knockdown was performed in VSMCs. Results miR-18a-5p was upregulated in the rat carotid artery at the early time after balloon injury. Transfection of the miR-18a-5p mimic promoted the VSMC differentiation markers SM α-actin and SM22α. In addition, miR-18a-5p expression was induced in differentiated VSMCs, whereas it decreased in de-differentiated VSMCs. We identified syndecan4 as a downstream target of miR-18-5p in VSMCs. Overexpression of syndecan4 decreased Smad2 expression, whereas knockdown of syndecan4 increased Smad2 expression in VSMCs. Finally, we showed that Smad2 induced the expression of VSMC differentiation marker genes in VSMCs. Conclusion These results indicate that miR-18a-5p is involved in VSMC differentiation by targeting syndecan4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Jin Kee
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Gwi Ran Kim
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Soo-Na Cho
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jin-Sook Kwon
- Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun Kook
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Heart Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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Reprint of “Heated vegetable oils and cardiovascular disease risk factors”. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 62:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Nallasamy P, Si H, Babu PVA, Pan D, Fu Y, Brooke EAS, Shah H, Zhen W, Zhu H, Liu D, Li Y, Jia Z. Sulforaphane reduces vascular inflammation in mice and prevents TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion to primary endothelial cells through interfering with the NF-κB pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:824-33. [PMID: 24880493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane, a naturally occurring isothiocyanate present in cruciferous vegetables, has received wide attention for its potential to improve vascular function in vitro. However, its effect in vivo and the molecular mechanism of sulforaphane at physiological concentrations remain unclear. Here, we report that a sulforaphane concentration as low as 0.5 μM significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced adhesion of monocytes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells, a key event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis both in static and under flow conditions. Such physiological concentrations of sulforaphane also significantly suppressed TNF-α-induced production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and adhesion molecules including soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 and soluble E-selectin, key mediators in the regulation of enhanced endothelial cell-monocyte interaction. Furthermore, sulforaphane inhibited TNF-α-induced nuclear factor (NF)-κB transcriptional activity, Inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκBα) degradation and subsequent NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation in endothelial cells, suggesting that sulforaphane can inhibit inflammation by suppressing NF-κB signaling. In an animal study, sulforaphane (300 ppm) in a mouse diet significantly abolished TNF-α-increased ex vivo monocyte adhesion and circulating adhesion molecules and chemokines in C57BL/6 mice. Histology showed that sulforaphane treatment significantly prevented the eruption of endothelial lining in the intima layer of the aorta and preserved elastin fibers' delicate organization, as shown by Verhoeff-van Gieson staining. Immunohistochemistry studies showed that sulforaphane treatment also reduced vascular adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte-derived F4/80-positive macrophages in the aorta of TNF-α-treated mice. In conclusion, sulforaphane at physiological concentrations protects against TNF-α-induced vascular endothelial inflammation, in both in vitro and in vivo models. This anti-inflammatory effect of sulforaphane may be, at least in part, associated with interfering with the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanisamy Nallasamy
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Hongwei Si
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture, Human and Natural Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | | | - Dengke Pan
- Department of Gene and Cell Engineering, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yu Fu
- Departments of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24062, USA
| | - Elizabeth A S Brooke
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Halley Shah
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
| | - Wei Zhen
- Departments of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24062, USA
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Departments of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24062, USA.
| | - Yunbo Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA.
| | - Zhenquan Jia
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA.
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Choi YJ, Lee WS, Lee EG, Sung MS, Yoo WH. Sulforaphane Inhibits IL-1β-Induced Proliferation of Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts and the Production of MMPs, COX-2, and PGE2. Inflammation 2014; 37:1496-503. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9875-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ng CY, Leong XF, Masbah N, Adam SK, Kamisah Y, Jaarin K. Heated vegetable oils and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 61:1-9. [PMID: 24632108 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It may result from the interactions between multiple genetic and environmental factors including sedentary lifestyle and dietary habits. The quality of dietary oils and fats has been widely recognised to be inextricably linked to the pathogenesis of CVD. Vegetable oil is one of the essential dietary components in daily food consumption. However, the benefits of vegetable oil can be deteriorated by repeated heating that leads to lipid oxidation. The practice of using repeatedly heated cooking oil is not uncommon as it will reduce the cost of food preparation. Thermal oxidation yields new functional groups which may be potentially hazardous to cardiovascular health. Prolonged consumption of the repeatedly heated oil has been shown to increase blood pressure and total cholesterol, cause vascular inflammation as well as vascular changes which predispose to atherosclerosis. The harmful effect of heated oils is attributed to products generated from lipid oxidation during heating process. In view of the potential hazard of oxidation products, therefore this review article will provide an insight and awareness to the general public on the consumption of repeatedly heated oils which is detrimental to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yi Ng
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xin-Fang Leong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Clinical Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norliana Masbah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Khadijah Adam
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yusof Kamisah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamsiah Jaarin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Park SH, Koo HJ, Sung YY, Kim HK. The protective effect of Prunella vulgaris ethanol extract against vascular inflammation in TNF-α-stimulated human aortic smooth muscle cells. BMB Rep 2014; 46:352-7. [PMID: 23884101 PMCID: PMC4133916 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2013.46.7.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, which manifests as acute coronary syndrome, stroke, and peripheral arterial diseases, is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall. Prunella vulgaris, a perennial herb with a worldwide distribution, has been used as a traditional medicine in inflammatory disease. Here, we investigated the effects of P. vulgaris ethanol extract on TNF-α-induced inflammatory responses in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). We found that P. vulgaris ethanol extract inhibited adhesion of monocyte/macrophage-like THP-1 cells to activated HASMCs. It also decreased expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin and ROS, No production in TNF-α-induced HASMCs and reduced NF-kB activation. Furthermore, P. vulgaris extract suppressed TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). These results demonstrate that P. vulgaris possesses antiinflammatory properties and can regulate TNF-α-induced expression of adhesion molecules by inhibiting the p38 MAPK/ ERK signaling pathway. [BMB Reports 2013; 46(7): 352-357]
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Haeng Park
- Basic Herbal Medicine Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
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44
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Choi KM, Lee YS, Kim W, Kim SJ, Shin KO, Yu JY, Lee MK, Lee YM, Hong JT, Yun YP, Yoo HS. Sulforaphane attenuates obesity by inhibiting adipogenesis and activating the AMPK pathway in obese mice. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 25:201-7. [PMID: 24445045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with metabolic disorders. Sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate, inhibits adipogenesis and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. In this study, we investigated whether sulforaphane could prevent high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in C57BL/6N mice. Mice were fed a normal diet (ND), HFD or HFD plus 0.1% sulforaphane (SFN) for 6 weeks. Food efficiency ratios and body weight were lower in HFD-SFN-fed mice than in HFD-fed mice. SFN attenuated HFD-induced visceral adiposity, adipocyte hypertrophy and fat accumulation in the liver. Serum total cholesterol and leptin, and liver triglyceride levels were lower in HFD-SFN-fed mice than in HFD-fed mice. SFN decreased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) and leptin in the adipose tissue of HFD-SFN mice and increased adiponectin expression. Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase in the adipose tissue of HFD-SFN-fed mice was elevated, and HMG-CoA reductase expression was decreased compared with HFD-fed mice. Thus, these results suggest that SFN may induce antiobesity activity by inhibiting adipogenesis through down-regulation of PPARγ and C/EBPα and by suppressing lipogenesis through activation of the AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-Mi Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Sun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonkyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong-Oh Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Yu
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Moon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Pyo Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Soo Yoo
- College of Pharmacy and Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea.
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Sulforaphane inhibits PDGF-induced proliferation of rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cell by up-regulation of p53 leading to G1/S cell cycle arrest. Vascul Pharmacol 2013; 59:44-51. [PMID: 23810908 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and restenosis artery angioplasty are associated with vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and intimal thickening arterial walls. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate produced in cruciferous vegetables, on VSMC proliferation and neointimal formation in a rat carotid artery injury model. Sulforaphane at the concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 μM significantly inhibited platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced VSMC proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner, determined by cell count. The IC50 value of sulforaphane-inhibited VSMC proliferation was 0.8 μM. Sulforaphane increased the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 and p53 levels, while it decreased CDK2 and cyclin E expression. The effects of sulforaphane on vascular thickening were determined 14 days after the injury to the rat carotid artery. The angiographic mean luminary diameters of the group treated with 2 and 4 μM sulforaphane were 0.25±0.1 and 0.09±0.1 mm², respectively, while the value of the control groups was 0.40±0.1 mm², indicating that sulforaphane may inhibit neointimal formation. The expression of PCNA, maker for cell cycle arrest, was decreased, while that of p53 and p21 was increased, which showed the same pattern as one in in-vitro study. These results suggest that sulforaphane-inhibited VSMC proliferation may occur through the G1/S cell cycle arrest by up-regulation of p53 signaling pathway, and then lead to the decreased neointimal hyperplasia thickening. Thus, sulforaphane may be a promising candidate for the therapy of atherosclerosis and post-angiography restenosis.
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Wu S, Yang Q, Liu Q, Song T, Zhou S, Liu Y, Liu L. Cariporide, a Specific Na+/H+Exchanger 1 Blocker, Inhibits Neointimal Proliferation Induced by Advanced Glycation End Products in a Balloon Injury Rat Model. Pharmacology 2013; 91:123-30. [DOI: 10.1159/000346128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Smith FM, Haskelberg H, Tracey DJ, Moalem-Taylor G. Role of histamine H3 and H4 receptors in mechanical hyperalgesia following peripheral nerve injury. Neuroimmunomodulation 2007; 14:317-25. [PMID: 18401194 DOI: 10.1159/000125048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Histamine is a chemical mediator that acts at four known types of histamine receptors and has been widely implicated in the development of nociception and neuropathic pain. Blocking histamine H(1) and H(2) receptors has been shown to reduce hyperalgesia following nerve injury, but the role of histamine H(3) and H(4) receptors in neuropathic pain has not been studied. Here, we used blockers of histamine H(3) and H(4) receptors to assess their effects on neuropathic pain behavior and mast cell numbers following peripheral nerve injury. In addition, we assessed the effect of activating H(4) receptors on neuropathic pain behavior. METHODS Rats were subjected to a partial ligation of the sciatic nerve, a model of neuropathic pain, and were treated either systemically or locally (hindpaw) with the H(3)/H(4) receptor inverse agonist thioperamide, the specific H(4) receptor antagonist JNJ 7777120, or the H(4) receptor agonist VUF 8430. Measurements of mechanical hyperalgesia were carried out by Randall-Selitto test for 1-3 weeks, and sciatic nerve tissues were analyzed for numbers of intact mast cells by histology at 9 h after surgery. RESULTS Rats treated with thioperamide or JNJ 7777120 showed significantly enhanced mechanical hyperalgesia after partial ligation of the sciatic nerve. The number of intact mast cells in the injured nerve of these rats was higher than in control rats suggesting reduced mast cell degranulation, but was still significantly lower than in intact nerves. Rats treated with VUF 8430 showed significantly reduced mechanical hyperalgesia. CONCLUSION We propose that the increase in mechanical hyperalgesia produced by thioperamide and JNJ 7777120 and the decrease in mechanical hyperalgesia produced by VUF 8430 may represent a direct effect of these agents on mechanospecific primary afferents, or an indirect effect of these agents via injury-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Smith
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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