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Protective Effect of Flavonoids from a Deep-Sea-Derived Arthrinium sp. against ox-LDL-Induced Oxidative Injury through Activating the AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway in Vascular Endothelial Cells. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19120712. [PMID: 34940711 PMCID: PMC8707590 DOI: 10.3390/md19120712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced oxidative injury in vascular endothelial cells is crucial for the progression of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. Several flavonoids have been shown cardiovascular protective effects. Recently, our research group confirmed that the novel flavonoids isolated from the deep-sea-derived fungus Arthrinium sp., 2,3,4,6,8-pentahydroxy-1-methylxanthone (compound 1) and arthone C (compound 2) effectively scavenged ROS in vitro. In this study, we further investigated whether these compounds could protect against ox-LDL-induced oxidative injury in endothelial cells and the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that compounds 1 and 2 inhibited ox-LDL-induced apoptosis and adhesion factors expression in human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). Mechanistic studies showed that these compounds significantly inhibited the ROS level increase and the NF-κB nuclear translocation induced by ox-LDL. Moreover, compounds 1 and 2 activated the Nrf2 to transfer into nuclei and increased the expression of its downstream antioxidant gene HO-1 by inducing the phosphorylation of AKT in HUVECs. Importantly, the AKT inhibitor MK-2206 2HCl or knockdown of Nrf2 by RNA interference attenuated the inhibition effects of these compounds on ox-LDL-induced apoptosis in HUVECs. Meanwhile, knockdown of Nrf2 abolished the effects of the compounds on ox-LDL-induced ROS level increase and the translocation of NF-κB to nuclei. Collectively, the data showed that compounds 1 and 2 protected endothelial cells against ox-LDL-induced oxidative stress through activating the AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Our study provides new strategies for the design of lead compounds for related cardiovascular diseases treatment.
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Syed AM, Ram C, Murty US, Sahu BD. A review on herbal Nrf2 activators with preclinical evidence in cardiovascular diseases. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5068-5102. [PMID: 33894007 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are an ever-growing problem and are the most common cause of death worldwide. The uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of ROS associated with various cell signaling pathways with oxidative cellular damage are the most common pathological conditions connected with CVDs including endothelial dysfunction, hypercontractility of vascular smooth muscle, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. The nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a basic leucine zipper redox transcription factor, together with its negative regulator, kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), which serves as a key regulator of cellular defense mechanisms to combat oxidative stress and associated diseases. Multiple lines of evidence described here support the cardiac protective property of Nrf2 in various experimental models of cardiac related disease conditions. In this review, we emphasized the molecular mechanisms of Nrf2 and described the detailed outline of current findings on the therapeutic possibilities of the Nrf2 activators specifically from herbal origin in various CVDs. Based on evidence from various preclinical experimental models, we have highlighted the activation of Nrf2 pathway as a budding therapeutic option for the prevention and treatment of CVDs, which needs further investigation and validation in the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Mohammad Syed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Chetan Ram
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Upadhyayula Suryanarayana Murty
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Bidya Dhar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Enayati A, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Anti-atherosclerotic Effects of Spice-Derived Phytochemicals. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1197-1223. [PMID: 32368966 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200505084620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world. Atherosclerosis is characterized by oxidized lipid deposition and inflammation in the arterial wall and represents a significant problem in public health and medicine. Some dietary spices have been widely used in many countries; however, the mechanism of their action as it relates to the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis is still poorly understood. In this review, we focus on the properties of various spice-derived active ingredients used in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, as well as associated atherosclerotic risk factors. We provide a summary of the mechanisms of action, epidemiological analyses, and studies of various components of spice used in the clinic, animal models, and cell lines related to atherosclerosis. Most notably, we focused on mechanisms of action by which these spice-derived compounds elicit their lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties, as well as their involvement in selected biochemical and signal transduction pathways. It is suggested that future research should aim to design well-controlled clinical trials and more thoroughly investigate the role of spices and their active components in the prevention/treatment of atherosclerosis. Based on this literature review, it appears that spices and their active components are well tolerated and have few adverse side effects and, therefore, provide a promising adjunctive treatment strategy for patients with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesheh Enayati
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States
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Huang S, Chen G, Sun J, Chen Y, Wang N, Dong Y, Shen E, Hu Z, Gong W, Jin L, Cong W. Histone deacetylase 3 inhibition alleviates type 2 diabetes mellitus-induced endothelial dysfunction via Nrf2. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:35. [PMID: 33736642 PMCID: PMC7977318 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00681-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism underlying endothelial dysfunction leading to cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. Here, we show that inhibition of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) reduced inflammation and oxidative stress by regulating nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which mediates the expression of anti-inflammatory- and pro-survival-related genes in the vascular endothelium, thereby improving endothelial function. METHODS Nrf2 knockout (Nrf2 KO) C57BL/6 background mice, diabetic db/db mice, and control db/m mice were used to investigate the relationship between HDAC3 and Nrf2 in the endothelium in vivo. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) cultured under high glucose-palmitic acid (HG-PA) conditions were used to explore the role of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) -Nrf2-NAPDH oxidase 4 (Nox4) redox signaling in the vascular endothelium in vitro. Activity assays, immunofluorescence, western blotting, qRT-PCR, and immunoprecipitation assays were used to examine the effect of HDAC3 inhibition on inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and endothelial impairment, as well as the activity of Nrf2-related molecules. RESULTS HDAC3 activity, but not its expression, was increased in db/db mice. This resulted in de-endothelialization and increased oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory marker expression in cells treated with the HDAC3 inhibitor RGFP966, which activated Nrf2 signaling. HDAC3 silencing decreased ROS production, inflammation, and damage-associated tube formation in HG-PA-treated HUVECs. The underlying mechanism involved the Keap1-Nrf2-Nox4 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest the potential of HDAC3 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of endothelial dysfunction in T2DM. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Gen Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunjie Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yetong Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Enzhao Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Litai Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weitao Cong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 People’s Republic of China
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Jiang X, Li Y, Wang W, Han X, Han J, Chen M, Zhang J, Wang C, Li S, Luo J, Wang X, Xu Y, Xu Y, Cheng J, Si S. Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 Related Factor 2 Activator JC-5411 Inhibits Atherosclerosis Through Suppression of Inflammation and Regulation of Lipid Metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:532568. [PMID: 33442380 PMCID: PMC7797784 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.532568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenethyl isothiocyanate is widely present in cruciferous vegetables with multiple biological effects. Here we reported the antiatherogenic effects and the underlying mechanisms of JC-5411 (Phenethyl isothiocyanate formulation) in vitro and in vivo. Luciferase reporter assay showed that JC-5411 increased the activity of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and antioxidant response element (ARE). JC-5411 treatment significantly increased the protein expression of Nrf2 and its downstream target gene hemeoxygenase 1 (HO-1) in liver of apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE−/−) mice. Importantly, JC-5411 treatment significantly reduced atherosclerotic plaque area in both en face aorta and aortic sinus when compared with model group in WD induced ApoE−/− mice. JC-5411 obviously decreased proinflammatory factors’ levels in serum of ApoE−/− mice, LPS stimulated macrophages and TNFα induced endothelial cells, respectively. JC-5411 significantly decreased the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) in both serum and liver of ApoE−/− mice and hyperlipidemic golden hamsters. Mechanism studies showed that JC-5411 exerted anti-inflammatory effect through activating Nrf2 signaling and inhibiting NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. JC-5411 exerted regulating lipid metabolism effect through increasing cholesterol transfer proteins (ABCA1 and LDLR) expression, regulating fatty acids synthesis related genes (p-ACC, SCD1 and FAS), and increasing fatty acids β-oxidation (CPT1A) in vivo. Furthermore, JC-5411 treatment had a favorable antioxidant effect in ApoE−/− mice by increasing the antioxidant related genes expression. Taken together, we conclude that JC-5411 as a Nrf2 activator has anti-inflammatory, rebalancing lipid metabolism, and antioxidant effects, which makes it as a potential therapeutic agent against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhai Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yining Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Weizhi Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowan Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Jiangxue Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhu Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Chenyin Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Shunwang Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Jinque Luo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Yanni Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | | | - Shuyi Si
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
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Sena CM, Leandro A, Azul L, Seiça R, Perry G. Vascular Oxidative Stress: Impact and Therapeutic Approaches. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1668. [PMID: 30564132 PMCID: PMC6288353 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been defined as an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants and more recently as a disruption of redox signaling and control. It is generally accepted that oxidative stress can lead to cell and tissue injury having a fundamental role in vascular dysfunction. Physiologically, reactive oxygen species (ROS) control vascular function by modulating various redox-sensitive signaling pathways. In vascular disorders, oxidative stress instigates endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, affecting several cells in the vascular wall. Vascular ROS are derived from multiple sources herein discussed, which are prime targets for therapeutic development. This review focuses on oxidative stress in vascular physiopathology and highlights different strategies to inhibit ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M. Sena
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Adriana Leandro
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lara Azul
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seiça
- Institute of Physiology, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - George Perry
- College of Sciences, One UTSA Circle, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Novel treatment strategies for chronic kidney disease: insights from the animal kingdom. Nat Rev Nephrol 2018; 14:265-284. [PMID: 29332935 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many of the >2 million animal species that inhabit Earth have developed survival mechanisms that aid in the prevention of obesity, kidney disease, starvation, dehydration and vascular ageing; however, some animals remain susceptible to these complications. Domestic and captive wild felids, for example, show susceptibility to chronic kidney disease (CKD), potentially linked to the high protein intake of these animals. By contrast, naked mole rats are a model of longevity and are protected from extreme environmental conditions through mechanisms that provide resistance to oxidative stress. Biomimetic studies suggest that the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) offers protection in extreme environmental conditions and promotes longevity in the animal kingdom. Similarly, during months of fasting, immobilization and anuria, hibernating bears are protected from muscle wasting, azotaemia, thrombotic complications, organ damage and osteoporosis - features that are often associated with CKD. Improved understanding of the susceptibility and protective mechanisms of these animals and others could provide insights into novel strategies to prevent and treat several human diseases, such as CKD and ageing-associated complications. An integrated collaboration between nephrologists and experts from other fields, such as veterinarians, zoologists, biologists, anthropologists and ecologists, could introduce a novel approach for improving human health and help nephrologists to find novel treatment strategies for CKD.
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The Sulforaphane and pyridoxamine supplementation normalize endothelial dysfunction associated with type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14357. [PMID: 29085055 PMCID: PMC5662716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14733-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigate pyridoxamine (PM) and/or sulforaphane (SFN) as therapeutic interventions to determine whether activators of NFE2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) can be used in addition with inhibitors of advanced glycation end products (AGE) formation to attenuate oxidative stress and improve endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Goto-kakizaki (GK) rats, an animal model of non-obese type 2 diabetes, were treated with or without PM and/or SFN during 8 weeks and compared with age-matched Wistar rats. At the end of the treatment, nitric oxide (NO)-dependent and independent vasorelaxation in isolated aorta and mesenteric arteries were evaluated. Metabolic profile, NO bioavailability and vascular oxidative stress, AGE and Nrf2 levels were also assessed. Diabetic GK rats presented significantly lower levels of Nrf2 and concomitantly exhibited higher levels of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. PM and SFN as monotherapy were capable of significantly improving endothelial dysfunction in aorta and mesenteric arteries decreasing vascular oxidative damage, AGE and HbA1c levels. Furthermore, SFN + PM proved more effective reducing systemic free fatty acids levels, normalizing endothelial function, NO bioavailability and glycation in GK rats. Activators of Nrf2 can be used therapeutically in association with inhibitors of AGE and cross-linking formation to normalize endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.
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Ibrahim M, Ahmed IA, Mikail MA, Ishola AA, Draman S, Isa MLM, Yusof AM. Baccaurea angulata fruit juice reduces atherosclerotic lesions in diet-induced Hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:134. [PMID: 28687076 PMCID: PMC5501101 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis is the most common disease of large and medium-sized arteries linked to oxidative stress, dyslipidemia as well as chronic inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential health benefits of Baccaurea angulata (BA) fruit juice on the aorta of diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rabbits, to detect an accumulation of fatty streak and evaluate the percentage of atherosclerotic lesion accrued. Methods Thirty-five healthy male adults New Zealand White rabbits were assigned to seven different groups. Four groups were fed 1% cholesterol diet and 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mL of BA fruit juice per kg of rabbit daily (atherogenic groups), while the other three groups were fed commercial rabbit pellet and 0, 0.5, and 1.0 mL of juice per kg of rabbit daily (normocholesterolemic groups) for 90 days. The thoracic and abdominal aorta between the heart origin and bifurcation into iliac arteries of all the rabbits were carefully removed and analyzed accordingly. Results The supplementation of the high-cholesterol diet of hypercholesterolemic rabbits with only 0.5 mL BA/kg rabbit per day significantly (p < 0.001) improved aortic lipid profile, attenuated aortic fatty streak development and reduced intima thickening. Higher BA doses used (1.0 and 1.5 mL/kg rabbit per day) also significantly (p < 0.001) decreased further the development of aortic fatty streaks, reduced the thickening of the tunica intima layer and preserved endothelial healing following arterial injury. Conclusion Therefore, BA fruit is a potential novel functional food with effective anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic and hypocholesterolemic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Idris Adewale Ahmed
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. .,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Lincoln University College, Kelana Jaya, 47301, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Maryam Abimbola Mikail
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Lincoln University College, Kelana Jaya, 47301, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Afeez Adekunle Ishola
- Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, 25200, Malaysia
| | - Samsul Draman
- Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, 25200, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Lokman Md Isa
- Kulliyyah of Nursing, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, 25200, Malaysia
| | - Afzan Mat Yusof
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, 25200, Malaysia
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CYP2C8-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids decrease oxidative stress-induced endothelial apoptosis in development of atherosclerosis: Role of Nrf2 activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 35:640-645. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Byrne MM, Murphy RT, Ryan AW. Epigenetic modulation in the treatment of atherosclerotic disease. Front Genet 2014; 5:364. [PMID: 25389432 PMCID: PMC4211541 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the single largest cause of death in the western world and its incidence is on the rise globally. Atherosclerosis, characterized by the development of atheromatus plaque, can trigger luminal narrowing and upon rupture result in myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke. Epigenetic phenomena are a focus of considerable research interest due to the role they play in gene regulation. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation have been identified as potential drug targets in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. miRNAs are known to play a role in gene silencing, which has been widely investigated in cancer. In comparison, the role they play in cardiovascular disease and plaque rupture is not well understood. Nutritional epigenetic modifiers from dietary components, for instance sulforaphane found in broccoli, have been shown to suppress the pro-inflammatory response through transcription factor activation. This review will discuss current and potential epigenetic therapeutics for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, focusing on the use of miRNAs and dietary supplements such as sulforaphane and protocatechuic aldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela M. Byrne
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James’s HospitalDublin, Ireland
| | - Ross T. Murphy
- Department of Cardiology, St. James’s HospitalDublin, Ireland
| | - Anthony W. Ryan
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James’s HospitalDublin, Ireland
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Ding Y, Zhang B, Zhou K, Chen M, Wang M, Jia Y, Song Y, Li Y, Wen A. Dietary ellagic acid improves oxidant-induced endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis: Role of Nrf2 activation. Int J Cardiol 2014; 175:508-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Mu J, Zhuang X, Wang Q, Jiang H, Deng ZB, Wang B, Zhang L, Kakar S, Jun Y, Miller D, Zhang HG. Interspecies communication between plant and mouse gut host cells through edible plant derived exosome-like nanoparticles. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1561-73. [PMID: 24842810 PMCID: PMC4851829 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Exosomes, small vesicles participating in intercellular communication, have been extensively studied recently; however, the role of edible plant derived exosomes in interspecies communication has not been investigated. Here, we investigate the biological effects of edible plant derived exosome-like nanoparticles (EPDENs) on mammalian cells. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, exosome-like nanoparticles from four edible plants were isolated and characterized. We show that these EPDENs contain proteins, lipids, and microRNA. EPDENs are taken up by intestinal macrophages and stem cells. The results generated from EPDEN-transfected macrophages indicate that ginger EPDENs preferentially induce the expression of the antioxidation gene, heme oxygenase-1 and the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10; whereas grapefruit, ginger, and carrot EPDENs promote activation of nuclear factor like (erythroid-derived 2). Furthermore, analysis of the intestines of canonical Wnt-reporter mice, i.e. B6.Cg-Tg(BAT-lacZ)3Picc/J mice, revealed that the numbers of β-galactosidase(+) (β-Gal) intestinal crypts are increased, suggesting that EPDEN treatment of mice leads to Wnt-mediated activation of the TCF4 transcription machinery in the crypts. CONCLUSION The data suggest a role for EPDEN-mediated interspecies communication by inducing expression of genes for anti-inflammation cytokines, antioxidation, and activation of Wnt signaling, which are crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Mu
- Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Xiaoying Zhuang
- Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Qilong Wang
- Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Hong Jiang
- Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Zhong-Bin Deng
- Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Baomei Wang
- Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Sham Kakar
- Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Yan Jun
- Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Donald Miller
- Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Huang-Ge Zhang
- Louisville Veterans Administration Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206
- Brown Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Louisville, KY 40202
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14
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Juurlink BHJ, Azouz HJ, Aldalati AMZ, AlTinawi BMH, Ganguly P. Hydroxybenzoic acid isomers and the cardiovascular system. Nutr J 2014; 13:63. [PMID: 24943896 PMCID: PMC4074389 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Today we are beginning to understand how phytochemicals can influence metabolism, cellular signaling and gene expression. The hydroxybenzoic acids are related to salicylic acid and salicin, the first compounds isolated that have a pharmacological activity. In this review we examine how a number of hydroxyphenolics have the potential to ameliorate cardiovascular problems related to aging such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. The compounds focused upon include 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (Pyrocatechuic acid), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (Gentisic acid), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (Protocatechuic acid), 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (α-Resorcylic acid) and 3-monohydroxybenzoic acid. The latter two compounds activate the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors with a consequence there is a reduction in adipocyte lipolysis with potential improvements of blood lipid profiles. Several of the other compounds can activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway that increases the expression of antioxidant enzymes, thereby decreasing oxidative stress and associated problems such as endothelial dysfunction that leads to hypertension as well as decreasing generalized inflammation that can lead to problems such as atherosclerosis. It has been known for many years that increased consumption of fruits and vegetables promotes health. We are beginning to understand how specific phytochemicals are responsible for such therapeutic effects. Hippocrates’ dictum of ‘Let food be your medicine and medicine your food’ can now be experimentally tested and the results of such experiments will enhance the ability of nutritionists to devise specific health-promoting diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paul Ganguly
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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15
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Carillon J, Romain C, Bardy G, Fouret G, Feillet-Coudray C, Gaillet S, Lacan D, Cristol JP, Rouanet JM. Cafeteria diet induces obesity and insulin resistance associated with oxidative stress but not with inflammation: improvement by dietary supplementation with a melon superoxide dismutase. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:254-261. [PMID: 23792771 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in obesity. However, dietary antioxidants could prevent oxidative stress-induced damage. We have previously shown the preventive effects of a melon superoxide dismutase (SODB) on oxidative stress. However, the mechanism of action of SODB is still unknown. Here, we evaluated the effects of a 1-month curative supplementation with SODB on the liver of obese hamsters. Golden Syrian hamsters received either a standard diet or a cafeteria diet composed of high-fat, high-sugar, and high-salt supermarket products, for 15 weeks. This diet resulted in insulin resistance and in increased oxidative stress in the liver. However, inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB) were not enhanced and no liver steatosis was detected, although these are usually described in obesity-induced insulin resistance models. After the 1-month supplementation with SODB, body weight and insulin resistance induced by the cafeteria diet were reduced and hepatic oxidative stress was corrected. This could be due to the increased expression of the liver antioxidant defense proteins (manganese and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase). Even though no inflammation was detected in the obese hamsters, inflammatory markers were decreased after SODB supplementation, probably through the reduction of oxidative stress. These findings suggest for the first time that SODB could exert its antioxidant properties by inducing the endogenous antioxidant defense. The mechanisms underlying this induction need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Carillon
- Nutrition & Métabolisme, UMR 204 NutriPass-Prévention des Malnutritions et des Pathologies Associées, Université Montpellier 1-2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France; Bionov Sarl, Avignon, France
| | - Cindy Romain
- Nutrition & Métabolisme, UMR 204 NutriPass-Prévention des Malnutritions et des Pathologies Associées, Université Montpellier 1-2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - Guillaume Bardy
- Département de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Fouret
- INRA, UMR 866, Unité Différenciation Cellulaire et Croissance, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sylvie Gaillet
- Nutrition & Métabolisme, UMR 204 NutriPass-Prévention des Malnutritions et des Pathologies Associées, Université Montpellier 1-2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | | | - Jean-Paul Cristol
- Nutrition & Métabolisme, UMR 204 NutriPass-Prévention des Malnutritions et des Pathologies Associées, Université Montpellier 1-2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France; Département de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Max Rouanet
- Nutrition & Métabolisme, UMR 204 NutriPass-Prévention des Malnutritions et des Pathologies Associées, Université Montpellier 1-2, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France.
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16
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Carillon J, Knabe L, Montalban A, Stévant M, Keophiphath M, Lacan D, Cristol JP, Rouanet JM. Curative diet supplementation with a melon superoxide dismutase reduces adipose tissue in obese hamsters by improving insulin sensitivity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:842-50. [PMID: 24255021 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Obesity-related metabolic syndrome is often associated with a decrease of insulin sensitivity, inducing several modifications. However, dietary antioxidants could prevent insulin resistance. We have previously shown the preventive effects of a melon superoxide dismutase (SOD) in obese hamsters. However, its antioxidant effects have never been studied on adipose tissue. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated the effects of a 1-month curative supplementation with SODB on the adipose tissue of obese hamsters. Animals received either a standard diet or a cafeteria diet for 15 wk. Cafeteria diet induced obesity and related disorders, including insulin resistance and oxidative stress, in the abdominal adipose tissue. After SODB supplementation, the adipose tissue weight was decreased, probably by activating adipocytes lipolysis and thus reducing their size. SODB treatment also resulted in abdominal adipose tissue fibrosis reduction. Finally, SODB administration increased the expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and thus reduced oxidative stress and insulin resistance. The improvement of insulin sensitivity observed after SODB treatment could explain adipocyte lipolysis activation and fibrosis reduction. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that a dietary SOD supplementation could be a useful strategy against obesity-related modifications in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Carillon
- Nutrition & Métabolisme, UMR 204 NutriPass - Prévention des Malnutritions et des Pathologies Associées, Université Montpellier Sud de France, Montpellier, France; Bionov Sarl, Avignon, France
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17
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Carillon J, Rouanet JM, Cristol JP, Brion R. Superoxide dismutase administration, a potential therapy against oxidative stress related diseases: several routes of supplementation and proposal of an original mechanism of action. Pharm Res 2013; 30:2718-28. [PMID: 23793992 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, involved in many diseases, is defined as an impaired balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defences. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) play a key role in diminishing oxidative stress. Thus, the removal of ROS by exogenous SODs could be an effective preventive strategy against various diseases. The poor bioavailability of exogenous SODs has been criticized. However, improvements in SOD formulation may overcome this limitation and boost interest in its therapeutic properties. Here, we provide a review of animal and human studies about SODs supplementation in order to evaluate their therapeutic value. Protective effects have been observed against irradiation, carcinogenesis, apoptosis and neurodegeneration. SODs administration has also been reported to alleviate inflammatory, infectious, respiratory, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and genitourinary and fertility disorders, raising the question of its mechanism of action in these diverse situations. Some authors have shown an increase in endogenous antioxidant enzymes after exogenous SODs administration. The induction of endogenous antioxidant defence and, consequently, a decrease in oxidative stress, could explain all the effects observed. Further investigations need to be carried out to test the hypothesis that SODs supplementation acts by inducing an endogenous antioxidant defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Carillon
- Nutrition & Métabolisme, UMR 204 NutriPass Prévention des Malnutritions et des Pathologies Associées, Université Montpellier 1-2, Montpellier, France
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18
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Ginseng Berry Extract Prevents Atherogenesis via Anti-Inflammatory Action by Upregulating Phase II Gene Expression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:490301. [PMID: 23243449 PMCID: PMC3519292 DOI: 10.1155/2012/490301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ginseng berry possesses higher ginsenoside content than its root, which has been traditionally used in herbal medicine for many human diseases, including atherosclerosis. We here examined the antiatherogenic effects of the Korean ginseng berry extract (KGBE) and investigated its underlying mechanism of action in vitro and in vivo. Administration of KGBE decreased atherosclerotic lesions, which was inversely correlated with the expression levels of phase II genes to include heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutamine-cysteine ligase (GCL). Furthermore, KGBE administration suppressed NF-κB-mediated expression of atherogenic inflammatory genes (TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, COX-2, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1), without altering serum cholesterol levels, in ApoE−/− mice fed a high fat-diet. Treatment with KGBE increased phase II gene expression and suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced reactive oxygen species production, NF-κB activation, and inflammatory gene expression in primary macrophages. Importantly, these cellular events were blocked by selective inhibitors of HO-1 and GCL. In addition, these inhibitors reversed the suppressive effect of KGBE on TNF-α-mediated induction of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, resulting in decreased interaction between endothelial cells and monocytes. These results suggest that KGBE ameliorates atherosclerosis by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated expression of atherogenic genes via upregulation of phase II enzymes and thus has therapeutic or preventive potential for atherosclerosis.
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