Annexin A5 haplotypes in familial hypercholesterolemia: lack of association with carotid intima-media thickness and cardiovascular disease risk

Relationship between the Soluble F11 Receptor and Annexin A5 in African Americans Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, increased thrombogenicity, and inflammation. The soluble human F11 receptor (sF11R) and annexin A5 (ANXA5) play crucial roles in inflammatory thrombosis and atherosclerosis. We examined the relationship between circulating sF11R and ANXA5 and their impact on endothelial function. The study included 125 patients with T2DM. Plasma levels of sF11R and ANXA5 were quantified by ELISA. Microvascular function was assessed using the vascular reactivity index (VRI). Large artery stiffness was assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV). Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was assessed by B-mode ultrasound imaging. The mean age of patients in the study was 59.7 ± 7.8 years, 78% had hypertension, 76% had dyslipidemia, and 12% had CKD. sF11R correlated positively with ANXA5 levels (β = 0.250, p = 0.005), and correlated inversely with VRI and total nitic oxide (NO), (β = −0.201, p = 0.024; β = −0.357, p = 0.0001, respectively). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that sF11R was independently associated with ANXA5 in the total population and in patients with HbA1c > 6.5% (β = 0.366, p = 0.007; β = 0.425, p = 0.0001, respectively). sF11R and ANXA5 were not associated with vascular outcome, suggesting that they may not be reliable markers of vascular dysfunction in diabetes. The clinical significance of sF11R/ANXA5 association in diabetes warrants further investigation in a larger population.

Annexin A5 regulates hepatocarcinoma malignancy via CRKI/II-DOCK180-RAC1 integrin and MEK-ERK pathways

As a calcium-dependent phospholipid binding annexin protein, annexin A5 (Anxa5) links to the progression, metastasis, survival, and prognosis of a variety of cancers. Current work showed ANXA5 overexpression was positively correlated with the upregulations of CRKI/II and RAC1 in hepatocarcinoma (HCC) patients’ tissues, which potentially enhanced the clinical progression and lymphatic metastasis of HCC. The role and action mechanism of ANXA5 in hepatocarcinoma was then investigated using a hepatocarcinoma Hca-P cell line, an ideal and well-established murine cell model with 100% inducible tumorigenicity of implanted mice with low (~25%) lymph node metastatic (LNM) rate. In vitro evidences indicated ANXA5 stable knockdown resulted in decreased proliferation, migration, invasion and adhesion to lymph node (LN), and increased intercellular cohesion behaviors of hepatocarcinoma Hca-P cells. Consistently, stable ANXA5 knockdown led to reduced in vivo tumorigenicity and malignancy, LNM rate and level potentials of Hca-P- transplanted mice via inhibiting CD34 and VEGF3. The levels of CRKI/II and RAC1 were reduced in tumor tissues from mice transplanted with Hca-P cells with stable ANXA5 knockdown. Molecular action investigation further showed ANXA5 downregulation apparently suppressed the expressions of molecules CRKI/II, DOCK180, RAC1 in integrin pathway, p-MEK, p-ERK, c-Myc, and MMP-9 in MEK- ERK pathway together with VIMINTIN in Hca-P cells in appropriate to knockdown extent. Collectively, Anxa5 was able to mediate HCC carcinogenesis via integrin and MEK-ERK pathways. It is of potential use in the research and treatment of HCC.

Annexin A5 in treated hypertensive patients and its association with target organ damage

OBJECTIVE

Annexin A5 (AnxA5) has been previously linked to the presence of carotid and cardiac target organ damage (TOD) in the context of heart failure and rheumatologic patients. However, information is scant in the context of hypertension. Aim of our study was to evaluate AnxA5 in treated hypertension patients compared with normotensive controls and to determine whether it is associated with vascular and heart TOD evaluated as arterial stiffness, carotid plaque and left ventricular hypertrophy.

METHODS

We enrolled 123 consecutive treated hypertension and 124 normotensive controls. TOD was evaluated as pulse wave velocity (PWV, complior), left ventricular hypertrophy (echocardiography) and intima-media thickness and carotid plaque presence (ecographic methods). AnxA5 levels was dosed and compared in patients with and without hypertension and with and without TOD.

RESULTS

With similar age hypertension patients showed higher SBP, DBP and AnxA5 levels (13.9 ± 11.1 vs 10.1 ± 8.4 ng/ml, P < 0.001) compared with controls. Regarding TOD hypertension showed higher PWV (8.5 ± 1.8 vs 7.6 ± 1.5 m/s, P < 0.001) and LVMI (121.7 ± 29.3 vs 113.5 ± 21.1 g/m, P < 0.05), whereas carotid intima-media thickness was superimposable. AnxA5 correlates with PWV (r = 0.13, P < 0.05) and DBP (r = 0.15, P < 0.01), whereas it has never been found as a significant independent predictor of TOD in linear regression analysis.

CONCLUSION

Our data have shown that AnxA5 levels are increased in treated hypertension patients. In this condition, it is probably released in the plasma as a defensive mechanism through its anti-inflammatory and anticoagulants effects. We found a significant association with arterial stiffness, but AnxA5 was not found to be a significant predictor of TOD.

Concomitant measurements of serum annexin A5 levels and hematological indices as markers in recent and old myocardial infarction with low ejection fraction: A preliminary study

BACKGROUND

Serum annexin A5 (anxA5) level is significantly increased in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Hematological indices are significantly increased in patients with ischemic heart disease. This study aimed to demonstrate the changes in the distribution of blood cells and the levels of anxA5 in patients presented with significant low ejection fraction ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) in comparison with corresponding patients with ischemic heart disease.

METHODS

Patients with low ejection fraction presenting at Hospital of Diyala University of Iraq were enrolled. Electrocardiograph (ECG), echocardiograph, hematological indices, serum annexin V (anxV) levels and the determinants of the cardio-metabolic risk factors were performed. Based on clinical examination, ECG findings and laboratory tests, patients were divided into healthy subjects (n=20); patients with acute MI (n=40) and with chronic MI (n=12).

RESULTS

Acute MI has significant high levels of serum triglyceride, uric acid and high mean value of red cell distribution width (RDW) compared with healthy subjects and chronic MI. Platelet distribution width (PDW) is significantly reduced in patients of acute MI and chronic MI compared with healthy subjects, whereas the plateletcrit (PCT) is significantly higher in acute MI compared with healthy subjects. There is an insignificant difference between the means of serum anxA5 levels of acute MI (35.6±7.2ng/ml) and chronic MI (32.4±8.9ng/ml), but significantly higher than the cutoff level of the healthy subjects (5ng/ml).

CONCLUSIONS

Measurement of serum annexin level is a useful diagnostic marker of acute or chronic MI with low ejection fraction.

Lessons From the EThIGII Trial

This study presents sample size considerations derived from the Efficacy of Thromboprophylaxis as an Intervention during Gravidity (EThIGII) trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00400387) to address the question of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) treatment in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) depending on the M2/ANXA5 haplotype. To evaluate the possible influence of such treatment on miscarriage rates of trial participants, a post hoc analysis of ANXA5 promoter genotypes in the light of M2/ANXA5 ( RPRGL3) distribution was performed using logistic models. DNA for genotyping was available from 129 LMWH and 95 control patients, 44 (19.6%) of whom were M2/ANXA5 carriers. Miscarriages occurred in 1 (4.0%) of 25 M2/ANXA5 carriers from the LMWH group compared to 4 (21.1%) of 19 in the control group, resulting in an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for miscarriage of 0.16 (0.016-1.5) for women treated with LMWH. In noncarriers, miscarriage rates were 6 (5.8%) of 104 versus 7 (9.2%) of 76 for the LMWH and the control groups, respectively, corresponding to an odds ratio for miscarriage of 0.60 (0.19-1.9). The apparent beneficial effects of miscarriage rate reduction in M2/ANXA5 carriers with RPL concur with biological considerations about improvement in reduced ANXA5 function through LMWH treatment in an adequate murine model. The data obtained were instrumental to design proper assessment of the existence and magnitude of this effect.