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Feng Y, Chen X, Pan Y, Yang Y. The associations of dietary folate and serum folate with lipid profiles: findings from the national health and nutrition examination survey 2011-2016. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:30. [PMID: 36859278 PMCID: PMC9979480 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01793-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folate is considered to be related to lipid metabolism. With the increasing numbers of folic acid fortification nations, the associations of dietary folate and serum folate with lipid profiles deserve more attention and are worth further study. METHODS US adults aged ≥ 20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were evaluated. Participants taking folic acid supplements were excluded. The multivariate linear regression model and smooth curve fitting were applied to assess the associations. The segmented regression model was employed to examine the threshold effect of nonlinear relationships. RESULTS Our cross-sectional study included 3706 participants in total. There was a negative relationship between serum folate (log transformed) and triglycerides (β = -0.223, 95% CI: -0.337, -0.110) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (β = -0.152, 95% CI: -0.296, -0.007) and a positive relationship between serum folate (log transformed) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (β = 0.090, 95% CI: 0.033,0.146). There was a negative association between dietary folate (log transformed) and total cholesterol (TC) (β = -0.299, 95% CI: -0.465, -0.134) and LDL-C (β = -0.266, 95% CI: -0.409, -0.123). A nonlinear relationship was found between dietary folate (log transformed) and HDL-C. Threshold effect analysis showed that the inflection point was 377.57 ug. Within the inflection point, the β-coefficient of HDL-C was 0.105 (95% CI: 0.018, 0.192); beyond the inflection point, there was no relationship (β = -0.067, 95% CI: -0.162, 0.028). CONCLUSIONS Optimal dietary folate and high serum folate were associated with favorable lipid profiles. Dietary folate, in the recommended 300-400 ug/d, had a beneficial effect on improving lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfu Feng
- Department of General Practice, First Peopleple’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, 215300 China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of General Practice, First Peopleple’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, 215300 China
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of General Practice, First Peopleple’s Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, 215300 China
| | - Yanting Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Peopleple's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, 215300, China.
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Wu DF, Liao QC, Lu F, Wang Z, Yu K, Deng JL. Differential effects of hyperhomocysteinemia on the lipid profiles and lipid ratios between patients with and without coronary artery disease: A retrospective observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32464. [PMID: 36595992 PMCID: PMC9803476 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the differential effects of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) on lipid profiles and lipid ratios between patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and without CAD. The data of 872 CAD patients and 774 non-CAD controls were extracted from the information system of hospitalized patients. Serum homocysteine (Hcy), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein (Apo) AI, and ApoB concentrations were detected. HHcy was defined as a serum level of Hcy ≥ 15 μmol/L. The CAD patients had lower levels of HDL-C and ApoAI and higher levels of Hcy than the controls (P < .05). Serum TGs and HDL-C were negatively correlated with Hcy in controls. Serum HDL-C and ApoAI were negatively correlated with Hcy, and the ratios of TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, LDL/HDL-C, and ApoB/ApoAI were positively correlated with Hcy in the CAD patients (P < .05). Although the trends for HHcy to decrease the lipid profiles were not different between the CAD and controls (Pinteraction > 0.05), CAD with HHcy had lower HDL-C and ApoAI levels than those of subjects with normal Hcy; controls with HHcy had lower TC, LDL-C, and ApoB levels than those of subjects with normal Hcy (P < .05). There were different HHcy trends affecting the ratios of TC/HDL-C and LDL/HDL-C between the CAD patients and controls (Pinteraction for TC/HDL-C = 0.025; Pinteraction for LDL/HDL-C = 0.033). CAD patients with HHcy had a higher ratio of TC/HDL-C (P = .022) and LDL/HDL-C (P = .045) than those of patients with normal Hcy, but in the controls, the subjects with HHcy exhibited a trend toward a decreased ratio of TC/HDL-C (P = .481) and LDL/HDL-C (P = .303). There were differential effects of HHcy on the lipid ratios between CAD and non-CAD patients. HHcy was related to higher ratios of TC/HDL-C and LDL/HDL-C in patients with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Feng Wu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Qin-Chen Liao
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Kun Yu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jin-Long Deng
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- * Correspondence: Jin-Long Deng, Department of the Geriatric Cardiology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences and the People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 6 Taoyuan Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, People’s Republic of China (e-mail: )
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Tao K, Li M, Ling J, Tu Y. Prevalence and correlative factors of hyperhomocysteinemia in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture: A cross-sectional study. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24563. [PMID: 35712847 PMCID: PMC9279943 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The occurrence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in elderly patients with femoral neck fracture (FNF) draws little attention from surgeons preoperatively. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence and correlative factors of HHcy in elderly patients (≥65 years) with FNF prior to surgery. Methods We retrospectively investigated 286 elderly FNF patients aged 65–98 years admitted to our institution from September 2020 to September 2021. Categorical variables were compared using the Chi‐squared test, and continuous variables were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine the associations of variables with the odds of HHcy. Results Among the 286 elderly FNF patients, the prevalence of HHcy was 30.77% and the mean Hcy level was 14.52 ± 10.49 μmol/L. The mean Hcy level and the prevalence of HHcy in male patients were significantly higher than that in female patients (16.41 ± 9.58 μmol/L vs. 14.00 ± 10.69 μmol/L, p = 0.002; 43.55% vs. 27.23%, p = 0.014). Multivariate analysis indicated that being male patient (OR 2.187, 95% CI 1.187–4.028, p = 0.012), hypertension (OR 1.993, 95% CI 1.141–3.479, p = 0.015), and low HDL‐C (OR 2.979, 95% CI 1.353–6.558, p = 0.007) were significant correlative factors of HHcy among elderly FNF patients. Conclusions This study found a high prevalence of HHcy in elderly FNF patients, with being male patient, hypertension, and low levels of HDL‐C as the significant correlative factors after adjusting for age and other covariables. However, further large‐scale studies in wider regions are warranted to confirm these findings. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), which have been associated with increased cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and thromboembolic diseases in elderly patients, are frequently neglected by orthopedic surgeons in their clinical practices. Using the descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression model, we found a high prevalence (30.77%) of HHcy among elderly patients with femoral neck fracture (FNF), with being male patient, hypertension, and low levels of HDL‐C as the significant correlates after adjusting for age and other covariables. The current findings may help to the preoperative assessment and optimization of patient with FNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Tao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo City, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo City, China
| | - Jing Ling
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo City, China
| | - Yiji Tu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo City, China
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Zhou L, Liu J, An Y, Wang Y, Wang G. Plasma Homocysteine Level Is Independently Associated With Conventional Atherogenic Lipid Profile and Remnant Cholesterol in Adults. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:898305. [PMID: 35770226 PMCID: PMC9234129 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.898305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundHomocysteine (Hcy) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, while mechanisms are unclear. Despite inconsistent and limited, epidemiological and experimental studies indicated that hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) affected lipid metabolism. This study aims to investigate the association of plasma Hcy with traditional lipid profiles and remnant cholesterol (RC) in Chinese adults.MethodsIn total, 7,898 subjects aged 20–79 years who underwent a physical examination at Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital in Beijing were included in this study. Fasting plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], Hcy, and other metabolic risk factors were measured by routine automated laboratory methods. RC was calculated as TC minus HDL-C and LDL-C. The linear regression model and logistic regression model were used to assess the relationship between Hcy and lipids after adjusting potential confounders.ResultsOf the subjects, the median level of plasma Hcy was 13.0 μmol/L and 32.3% had HHcy. Plasma Hcy was negatively associated with HDL-C, ApoA1, and Lp(a) and positively associated with TG levels after adjusting age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, creatinine, uric acid, and glucose. HHcy significantly increased the risk of low HDL-C [odds ratio (OR) 1.26; 95%CI (1.11–1.44); p < 0.001]. The net mediation effects of ApoA1 on the relationship between Hcy and HDL-C before and after adjusting confounders were 46.9 and 30.6%, respectively. More interestingly, the RC level was significantly elevated in subjects with HHcy after adjusting other influencing factors (p = 0.025). Hcy presented a positive correlation with RC levels after adjusting the above confounding factors (β = 0.073, p = 0.004), and the correlation was still significant even after controlling other lipids, including TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, ApoA1, ApoB, and Lp(a).ConclusionOur study showed that plasma Hcy was not only significantly associated with conventional atherogenic lipids but also independently correlated with RC levels beyond other lipids after controlling potential confounders. This finding proposes that identifying Hcy-related dyslipidemia risk, both traditional lipids and RC residual risk, is clinically relevant as we usher in a new era of targeting Hcy-lowering therapies to fight against dyslipidemia or even cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu An
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Examination Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Wang,
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Guang Wang,
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Methionine restriction delays aging-related urogenital diseases in male Fischer 344 rats. GeroScience 2019; 42:287-297. [PMID: 31728897 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction (MR) has been found to enhance longevity across many species. We hypothesized that MR might enhance longevity in part by delaying or inhibiting age-related disease processes. To this end, male Fischer 344 rats were fed control (CF, 0.86% methionine) or MR (0.17% methionine) diets throughout their life until sacrifice at approximately 30 months of age, and histopathology was performed to identify the incidence and progression of two important aging-related pathologies, namely, chronic progressive nephropathy (CPN) and testicular tumorigenesis. Although kidney pathology was observed in 87% CF rats and CPN in 62% of CF animals, no evidence of kidney disease was observed in MR rats. Consistent with the absence of renal pathology, urinary albumin levels were lower in the MR group compared to controls throughout the study, with over a six-fold difference between the groups at 30 months of age. Biomarkers associated with renal disease, namely, clusterin, cystatin C, and β-2 microglobulin, were reduced following 18 months of MR. A reduction in testicular tumor incidence from 88% in CF to 22% in MR rats was also observed. These results suggest that MR may lead to metabolic and cellular changes providing protection against age-related diseases.
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Ostrakhovitch EA, Tabibzadeh S. Homocysteine and age-associated disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 49:144-164. [PMID: 30391754 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous theories of aging, a process which still seems inevitable. Aging leads to cancer and multi-systemic disorders as well as chronic diseases. Decline in age- associated cellular functions leads to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline that affect the quality of life. Accumulation of damage, mutations, metabolic changes, failure in cellular energy production and clearance of altered proteins over the lifetime, and hyperhomocysteinemia, ultimately result in tissue degeneration. The decline in renal functions, nutritional deficiencies, deregulation of methionine cycle and deficiencies of homocysteine remethylation and transsulfuration cofactors cause elevation of homocysteine with advancing age. Abnormal accumulation of homocysteine is a risk factor of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and chronic kidney disease. Moreover, approximately 50% of people, aged 65 years and older develop hypertension and are at a high risk of developing cardiovascular insufficiency and incurable neurodegenerative disorders. Increasing evidence suggests inverse relation between cognitive impairment, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events and renal function. Oxidative stress, inactivation of nitric oxide synthase pathway and mitochondria dysfunction associated with impaired homocysteine metabolism lead to aging tissue degeneration. In this review, we examine impact of high homocysteine levels on changes observed with aging that contribute to development and progression of age associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Ostrakhovitch
- Frontiers in Bioscience Research Institute in Aging and Cancer, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - S Tabibzadeh
- Frontiers in Bioscience Research Institute in Aging and Cancer, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Foscolou A, Rallidis LS, Tsirebolos G, Critselis E, Katsimardos A, Drosatos A, Chrysohoou C, Tousoulis D, Pitsavos C, Panagiotakos DB. The association between homocysteine levels, Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease: a case-control study. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2018; 70:603-611. [PMID: 30501542 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1547688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the association between homocysteine (Hcy) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and to test the potential moderating role of Mediterranean diet. An age and gender matched case-control study was conducted among 1491 patients with a first ACS event and 3037 adults free of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was measured using the MedDietScore (range 0-55). An increase in Hcy levels was associated with a 1% and 3% higher likelihood of ACS among younger (<45 yrs) and middle-aged (45-60yrs) adults (p's < 0.05), but not in older adults (p = 0.13). Moreover, Hcy was associated with 3% (95%CI: 1.01-1.06) increase in the likelihood of ACS among those who did not adhere to the Mediterranean diet. Hence, Hcy is apparently independently associated with ACS among younger and middle-aged individuals. The inverse association between Mediterranean diet adherence and Hcy highlights a disease-preventing effect of the Mediterranean diet on CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Foscolou
- a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics , Harokopio University , Athens , Greece
| | - Loukianos S Rallidis
- b Second Cardiology Clinic, Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine , University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | | | - Elena Critselis
- a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics , Harokopio University , Athens , Greece
| | - Andreas Katsimardos
- b Second Cardiology Clinic, Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine , University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | | | - Christina Chrysohoou
- d First Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine , University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tousoulis
- d First Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine , University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Christos Pitsavos
- d First Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine , University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics , Harokopio University , Athens , Greece.,e Faculty of Health , University of Canberra , Canberra , Australia.,f School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering , LA TROBE University , Melbourne , Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review recent advances in the field of remnant lipoproteins and remnant cholesterol with a focus on cardiovascular disease risk. RECENT FINDINGS In line with previous years' research, current observational, genetic, and mechanistic studies find remnant lipoproteins (defined in different ways) to be involved in atherosclerosis development and cardiovascular disease risk. High concentrations of remnant cholesterol could explain some of the residual risk of cardiovascular disease seen after LDL cholesterol lowering. This will be increasingly important as populations worldwide become more obese and more have diabetes, both of which elevate remnant cholesterol concentrations. Many smaller scale studies and post hoc analyses show that remnant cholesterol can be lowered by different types of drugs; however, results from large scale studies with the primary aim of reducing cardiovascular disease risk through lowering of remnant cholesterol in individuals with elevated concentrations are still missing, although some are under way. SUMMARY Remnant cholesterol is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and can be lowered by different types of drugs; however, large scale studies of cardiovascular disease risk reduction through remnant lipoprotein lowering are under way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Varbo
- aDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry bThe Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital cFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Momin M, Jia J, Fan F, Li J, Dou J, Chen D, Huo Y, Zhang Y. Relationship between plasma homocysteine level and lipid profiles in a community-based Chinese population. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:54. [PMID: 28288621 PMCID: PMC5348889 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies established a possible link among hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis. However, there was limited epidemic data concerning the relation between HHcy and lipid profiles, especially in community-based Chinese populations. This study aim to investigate the association of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) level with lipid profiles in a Chinese community-based population without lipid-lowering treatment. Method A total of 4660 Chinese subjects from a cohort of the Shijingshan district in Beijing were included in the analysis. Plasma total Hcy, serum lipid files including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) as well as relevant metabolic risk factors were measured. Multivariate regression models adjusting for age, gender, smoking, drinking, physical activity, vitamin B supplement, body mass index, fasting blood glucose level, serum creatinine, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were used to evaluate associations of Hcy and lipid profiles. Result Subjects were 56.75 ± 8.91 years old, and 38.15% were male. Median (IQR) Hcy was 11.98 (10.00–14.93) μmol/L, and 24.4% had HHcy (defined as Hcy ≥ 15 μmol/L). Mean (SD) baseline TC was 5.34 ± 0.98 mmol/L, LDL-C was 3.27 ± 0.81 mmol/L, and HDL-C was 1.43 ± 0.38 mmol/L. Median (IQR) of TG was 1.28 (0.91–1.85) mmol/L. In multivariable linear-regression analyses, lnHcy (ln transformation for Hcy) level was positively associated with lnTG (adjusted β = 0.075, SE = 0.021, P = 0.001). Using Hcy < 15 μmol/L as a reference, HHcy was independently associated with both lnTG (adjusted β = 0.056, SE = 0.020, P = 0.004) and lnHDL (adjusted β = −0.018, SE = 0.009, P = 0.038). In multivariable logistic-regression analyses, HHcy was associated with increasing risk of low HDL-C (HDL-C < 1.04 mmol/L; adjusted odds ratio [OR] =1.406, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.143 – 1.728, P = 0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (TG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L; adjusted OR = 1.293, 95% CI: 1.096–1.524, P = 0.002) after adjusting the confounders. However, there were no significant associations between Hcy and TC or LDL-C. Conclusion The present study showed that HHcy was independently associated with hypertriglyceridemia and low levels of HDL-C, which provides evidence that Hcy levels might affect HDL-C and TG metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohetaboer Momin
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingtao Dou
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dafang Chen
- Department of Epidemic & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Abstract
Methionine restriction (MR) extends lifespan across different species. The main responses of rodent models to MR are well-documented in adipose tissue (AT) and liver, which have reduced mass and improved insulin sensitivity, respectively. Recently, molecular mechanisms that improve healthspan have been identified in both organs during MR. In fat, MR induced a futile lipid cycle concomitant with beige AT accumulation, producing elevated energy expenditure. In liver, MR upregulated fibroblast growth factor 21 and improved glucose metabolism in aged mice and in response to a high-fat diet. Furthermore, MR also reduces mitochondrial oxidative stress in various organs such as liver, heart, kidneys, and brain. Other effects of MR have also been reported in such areas as cardiac function in response to hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), identification of molecular mechanisms in bone development, and enhanced epithelial tight junction. In addition, rodent models of cancer responded positively to MR, as has been reported in colon, prostate, and breast cancer studies. The beneficial effects of MR have also been documented in a number of invertebrate model organisms, including yeast, nematodes, and fruit flies. MR not only promotes extended longevity in these organisms, but in the case of yeast has also been shown to improve stress tolerance. In addition, expression analyses of yeast and Drosophila undergoing MR have identified multiple candidate mediators of the beneficial effects of MR in these models. In this review, we emphasize other in vivo effects of MR such as in cardiovascular function, bone development, epithelial tight junction, and cancer. We also discuss the effects of MR in invertebrates.
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