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Gonçalinho GHF, Sampaio GR, Soares-Freitas RAM, Damasceno NRT. Stearic Acid, but not Palmitic Acid, is Associated with Inflammatory and Endothelial Dysfunction Biomarkers in Individuals at Cardiovascular Risk. Arq Bras Cardiol 2023; 120:e20220598. [PMID: 37672472 PMCID: PMC10519248 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20220598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have associated dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with cardiovascular risk but there are still many controversies. Most of these studies have focused on the effects of palmitic acid on circulating lipids. Stearic acid usually shows a neutral effect on blood lipids, however, there is a lack of clinical studies assessing the link with inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of red blood cell (RBC) SFA (palmitic and stearic acids) with circulating inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 79 adults of both sexes with at least one cardiovascular risk factor but without previous events (acute myocardial infarction or stroke). Plasma biomarkers - lipids, glucometabolic markers, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) - and RBC palmitic and stearic fatty acids were analyzed. The associations were assessed by correlation and multiple linear regression analyses, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Palmitic acid showed no significant associations with traditional cardiovascular risk factors or inflammatory markers. Stearic acid, on the other hand, was inversely correlated with blood cholesterol and triglycerides, but independently associated with hs-CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α. CONCLUSION Stearic acid is associated with inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers in individuals with at least one cardiovascular risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Henrique Ferreira Gonçalinho
- Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de NutriçãoSão PauloSPBrasil Universidade de São Paulo
–
Departamento de Nutrição
,
São Paulo
,
SP
–
Brasil
| | - Geni Rodrigues Sampaio
- Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de NutriçãoSão PauloSPBrasil Universidade de São Paulo
–
Departamento de Nutrição
,
São Paulo
,
SP
–
Brasil
| | | | - Nágila Raquel Teixeira Damasceno
- Universidade de São PauloDepartamento de NutriçãoSão PauloSPBrasil Universidade de São Paulo
–
Departamento de Nutrição
,
São Paulo
,
SP
–
Brasil
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2
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Liu X, Li C, Hou C, Jiang Y, Chen F, Zhu Y, Zou L. Dissecting the effects of paraquat-induced pulmonary injury in rats using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS-based metabonomics. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:527-538. [PMID: 37397915 PMCID: PMC10311158 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Paraquat (PQ) is a toxic compound that selectively accumulates in the lungs, inducing severe pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis. However, data on the metabolomic changes induced by the PQ remain scant. This study aimed to determine the metabolic changes in Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to PQ using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Methods We established groups of PQ-induced pulmonary injury rats for 14 or 28 days. Results Our data showed that PQ decreased the survival of the rats and induced pulmonary inflammation at day 14 or pulmonary fibrosis at day 28. There was upregulation of IL-1β expression in the inflammation group as well as upregulation of fibronectin, collagen and α-SMA in the pulmonary fibrosis group. OPLS-DA revealed differential expression of 26 metabotites between the normal and the inflammation groups; 31 plasma metabotites were also differently expressed between the normal and the fibrosis groups. There was high expression of lysoPc160-, hydroxybutyrylcarnitine, stearic acid, and imidazolelactic acid in the pulmonary injury group compared to the normal group. Conclusion Metabolomics analysis confirmed that the PQ-induced lung injury was not only related to the aggravation of inflammation and apoptosis but also to mediated histidine, serine, glycerophospholipid, and lipid metabolism. This study gives insights into the mechanisms of PQ-induced lung injury and highlights the potential therapeutic targets. Nonstructured abstract The effect of PQ on lung injury in rats was detected by metabonomics, and the possible metabolic mechanism was investigated by KEGG analysis. OPLS-DA revealed the differential expression of 26 metabotites and 31 plasma metabotites between the normal and the pulmonary injury groups. Metabolomics analysis confirmed that the PQ-induced lung injury was not only related to the aggravation of inflammation and apoptosis but also to mediated histidine, serine, glycerophospholipid, and lipid metabolism. Oleoylethanolamine, stearic acid, and imidazolelactic acid are potential molecular markers in PQ-induced pulmonary injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiehong Liu
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics,61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provinicial Institute of Emergency Medicine, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
| | - Chi Li
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics,61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provinicial Institute of Emergency Medicine, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
| | - Changmiao Hou
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics,61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provinicial Institute of Emergency Medicine, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 113 Shaoshan Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410000, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics,61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provinicial Institute of Emergency Medicine, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics,61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provinicial Institute of Emergency Medicine, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
| | - Yimin Zhu
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics,61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provinicial Institute of Emergency Medicine, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
| | - Lianhong Zou
- Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics,61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
- Hunan Provinicial Institute of Emergency Medicine, 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, Hunan, PC 410005, China
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Fallarini S, Papi F, Licciardi F, Natali F, Lombardi G, Maestrelli F, Nativi C. Niosomes as Biocompatible Scaffolds for the Multivalent Presentation of Tumor-Associated Antigens (TACAs) to the Immune System. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 34:181-192. [PMID: 36519843 PMCID: PMC9853506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fully synthetic tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA)-based vaccines are a promising strategy to treat cancer. To overcome the intrinsic low immunogenicity of TACAs, the choice of the antigens' analogues and multivalent presentation have been proved to be successful. Here, we present the preparation, characterization, and in vitro screening of niosomes displaying multiple copies of the mucin antigen TnThr (niosomes-7) or of TnThr mimetic 1 (niosomes-2). Unprecedentedly, structural differences, likely related to the carbohydrate portions, were observed for the two colloidal systems. Both niosomal systems are stable, nontoxic and endowed with promising immunogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fallarini
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
“Piemonte Orientale”, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Francesco Papi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Federico Licciardi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Francesca Natali
- CNR-IOM
and INSIDE@ILL, c/o OGG,
71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Grazia Lombardi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
“Piemonte Orientale”, Novara 28100, Italy
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4
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Cinquegrani G, Spigoni V, Iannozzi NT, Parello V, Bonadonna RC, Dei Cas A. SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein is not pro-inflammatory in human primary macrophages: endotoxin contamination and lack of protein glycosylation as possible confounders. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022; 38:667-678. [PMID: 35015170 PMCID: PMC8749924 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The inflammatory potential of SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 (Spike) has never been tested in human primary macrophages (MΦ). Different recombinant Spikes might display different effects in vitro, according to protein length and glycosylation, and endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) contamination. OBJECTIVES To assess (1) the effects of different Spikes on human primary MΦ inflammation; (2) whether LPS contamination of recombinant Spike is (con)cause in vitro of increased MΦ inflammation. METHODS Human primary MΦ were incubated in the presence/absence of several different Spikes (10 nM) or graded concentrations of LPS. Pro-inflammatory marker expression (qPCR and ELISA) and supernatant endotoxin contamination (LAL test) were the main readouts. RESULTS LPS-free, glycosylated Spike (the form expressed in infected humans) caused no inflammation in human primary MΦ. Two (out of five) Spikes were contaminated with endotoxins ≥ 3 EU/ml and triggered inflammation. A non-contaminated non-glycosylated Spike produced in E. coli induced MΦ inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Glycosylated Spike per se is not pro-inflammatory for human MΦ, a feature which may be crucial to evade the host innate immunity. In vitro studies with commercially available Spike should be conducted with excruciating attention to potential LPS contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Cinquegrani
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Spigoni
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Nicolas Thomas Iannozzi
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Vanessa Parello
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Riccardo C. Bonadonna
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dei Cas
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Departmental Unit of Nutritional and Metabolic Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
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5
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Hernandez-Baixauli J, Abasolo N, Palacios-Jordan H, Foguet-Romero E, Suñol D, Galofré M, Caimari A, Baselga-Escudero L, Del Bas JM, Mulero M. Imbalances in TCA, Short Fatty Acids and One-Carbon Metabolisms as Important Features of Homeostatic Disruption Evidenced by a Multi-Omics Integrative Approach of LPS-Induced Chronic Inflammation in Male Wistar Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052563. [PMID: 35269702 PMCID: PMC8910732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is an important risk factor in a broad variety of physical and mental disorders leading to highly prevalent non-communicable diseases (NCDs). However, there is a need for a deeper understanding of this condition and its progression to the disease state. For this reason, it is important to define metabolic pathways and complementary biomarkers associated with homeostatic disruption in chronic inflammation. To achieve that, male Wistar rats were subjected to intraperitoneal and intermittent injections with saline solution or increasing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations (0.5, 5 and 7.5 mg/kg) thrice a week for 31 days. Biochemical and inflammatory parameters were measured at the end of the study. To assess the omics profile, GC-qTOF and UHPLC-qTOF were performed to evaluate plasma metabolome; 1H-NMR was used to evaluate urine metabolome; additionally, shotgun metagenomics sequencing was carried out to characterize the cecum microbiome. The chronicity of inflammation in the study was evaluated by the monitoring of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) during the different weeks of the experimental process. At the end of the study, together with the increased levels of MCP-1, levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) along with 8-isoprostanes (an indicative of oxidative stress) were significantly increased (p-value < 0.05). The leading features implicated in the current model were tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates (i.e., alpha-ketoglutarate, aconitic acid, malic acid, fumaric acid and succinic acid); lipids such as specific cholesterol esters (ChoEs), lysophospholipids (LPCs) and phosphatidylcholines (PCs); and glycine, as well as N, N-dimethylglycine, which are related to one-carbon (1C) metabolism. These metabolites point towards mitochondrial metabolism through TCA cycle, β-oxidation of fatty acids and 1C metabolism as interconnected pathways that could reveal the metabolic effects of chronic inflammation induced by LPS administration. These results provide deeper knowledge concerning the impact of chronic inflammation on the disruption of metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hernandez-Baixauli
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (A.C.); (L.B.-E.)
| | - Nerea Abasolo
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, 43204 Reus, Spain; (N.A.); (H.P.-J.); (E.F.-R.)
| | - Hector Palacios-Jordan
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, 43204 Reus, Spain; (N.A.); (H.P.-J.); (E.F.-R.)
| | - Elisabet Foguet-Romero
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, 43204 Reus, Spain; (N.A.); (H.P.-J.); (E.F.-R.)
| | - David Suñol
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Digital Health, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Mar Galofré
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Digital Health, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (A.C.); (L.B.-E.)
| | - Laura Baselga-Escudero
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (A.C.); (L.B.-E.)
| | - Josep M Del Bas
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, 43204 Reus, Spain; (J.H.-B.); (A.C.); (L.B.-E.)
- Correspondence: (J.M.D.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.M.D.B.); (M.M.)
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Cinquegrani G, Spigoni V, Fantuzzi F, Bonadonna RC, Dei Cas A. Empagliflozin does not reverse lipotoxicity-induced impairment in human myeloid angiogenic cell bioenergetics. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:27. [PMID: 35177077 PMCID: PMC8851739 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Empagliflozin can curb inflammation and oxidative stress, through sodium-proton exchanger (NHE) inhibition, in a model of lipotoxicity in human myeloid angiogenic cells (MAC), which mediate endothelial repairing processes. Aim of this study is to assess in human MAC whether: (1) Stearic acid (SA) induced inflammation and increase in oxidant stress is accompanied by bioenergetic alterations; (2) empagliflozin anti-lipotoxic action is concomitant with coherent changes in bioenergetic metabolism, possibly via NHE blockade. Methods MAC were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers and incubated in the presence/absence of SA (100 μM for 3 h) with/without empagliflozin (EMPA 100 μM) or amiloride (Ami 100 μM) for 1 h. Cell respiration (oxygen consumption rate OCR) and anaerobic glycolysis (measured as proton production rate) were recorded in real-time by Seahorse technology, and ATP production (anaerobic glycolysis- and oxphos-derived) rates were calculated. Results SA, at the concentration causing inflammation and increased oxidant stress, altered cell bioenergetics of human MAC, with overall reductions in basal OCR and oxphos-derived ATP production (all p < 0.05), pointing to mitochondrial alterations. EMPA, at the concentration counteracting SA-induced lipotoxicity, both alone and in the presence of SA, caused NHE-independent extensive bioenergetic alterations (from p < 0.05 to p < 0.01), greater than those induced by SA alone. Conclusions In human MAC: (1) SA altered cell bioenergetics, concomitantly with inflammation and oxidant stress; (2) EMPA possibly inhibited mitochondrial respiration, (3) the protective effect of EMPA against SA-induced lipotoxicity was unlikely to be mediated through bioenergetic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Cinquegrani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Spigoni
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Fantuzzi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Riccardo C Bonadonna
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy. .,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Dei Cas
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
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7
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Reilly NA, Lutgens E, Kuiper J, Heijmans BT, Jukema JW. Effects of fatty acids on T cell function: role in atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Cardiol 2021; 18:824-837. [PMID: 34253911 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-021-00582-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
T cells are among the most common cell types present in atherosclerotic plaques and are increasingly being recognized as a central mediator in atherosclerosis development and progression. At the same time, triglycerides and fatty acids have re-emerged as crucial risk factors for atherosclerosis. Triglycerides and fatty acids are important components of the milieu to which the T cell is exposed from the circulation to the plaque, and increasing evidence shows that fatty acids influence T cell function. In this Review, we discuss the effects of fatty acids on four components of the T cell response - metabolism, activation, proliferation and polarization - and the influence of these changes on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We also discuss how quiescent T cells can undergo a type of metabolic reprogramming induced by exposure to fatty acids in the circulation that influences the subsequent functions of T cells after activation, such as in atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie A Reilly
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan T Heijmans
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands.
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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Hill BG, Rood B, Ribble A, Haberzettl P. Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) inhalation-induced alterations in the plasma lipidome as promoters of vascular inflammation and insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1836-H1850. [PMID: 33666505 PMCID: PMC8163652 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00881.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution exposure increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although the precise mechanisms by which air pollution exposure increases CVD risk remain uncertain, research indicates that PM2.5-induced endothelial dysfunction contributes to CVD risk. Previous studies demonstrate that concentrated ambient PM2.5 (CAP) exposure induces vascular inflammation and impairs insulin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling dependent on pulmonary oxidative stress. To assess whether CAP exposure induces these vascular effects via plasmatic factors, we incubated aortas from naïve mice with plasma isolated from mice exposed to HEPA-filtered air or CAP (9 days) and examined vascular inflammation and insulin and VEGF signaling. We found that treatment of naïve aortas with plasma from CAP-exposed mice activates NF-κBα and induces insulin and VEGF resistance, indicating transmission by plasmatic factor(s). To identify putative factors, we exposed lung-specific ecSOD-transgenic (ecSOD-Tg) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates to CAP at concentrations of either ∼60 µg/m3 (CAP60) or ∼100 µg/m3 (CAP100) and measured the abundance of plasma metabolites by mass spectrometry. In WT mice, both CAP concentrations increased levels of fatty acids such as palmitate, myristate, and palmitoleate and decreased numerous phospholipid species; however, these CAP-induced changes in the plasma lipidome were prevented in ecSOD-Tg mice. Consistent with the literature, we found that fatty acids such as palmitate are sufficient to promote endothelial inflammation. Collectively, our findings suggest that PM2.5 exposure, by inducing pulmonary oxidative stress, promotes unique lipidomic changes characterized by high levels of circulating fatty acids, which are sufficient to trigger vascular pathology.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found that circulating plasma constituents are responsible for air pollution-induced vascular pathologies. Inhalation of fine particulate matter (≤PM2.5) promotes a unique form of dyslipidemia that manifests in a manner dependent upon pulmonary oxidative stress. The air pollution-engendered dyslipidemic phenotype is characterized by elevated free fatty acid species and diminished phospholipid species, which could contribute to vascular inflammation and loss of insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford G Hill
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Benjamin Rood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Amanda Ribble
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Petra Haberzettl
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, Division of Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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9
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Wu X, Wang Y, Ren Z, Li L, Qian W, Chen Y, Ren W. Association between Growth Differentiation Factor-15 and Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients with Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:5921863. [PMID: 34394348 PMCID: PMC8363436 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5921863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) confer a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease and increased mortality because of metabolic disorders. Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) plays an important role in predicting metabolic abnormalities. We sought to investigate the correlation between GDF-15 and cardiovascular risk in AGHD patients. METHODS The study enrolled 80 AGHD patients and 80 healthy subjects. We analyzed the association between GDF-15 and some major biochemical indicators. The potential association between GDF-15 and cardiovascular disease risk was analyzed. RESULTS The AGHD group exhibited increased waist-hip ratio and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and lipid levels compared with the healthy control group. Serum GDF-15 levels in AGHD group were elevated significantly compared with the control group (P < 0.001). GDF-15 levels were negatively associated with insulin-like growth factor-1 in AGHD group (P=0.006) and positively correlated with waist-to-hip ratio (P=0.018), triglycerides (P=0.007), and hs-CRP (P=0.046). In addition, GDF-15 was positively correlated with Framingham risk score significantly after adjustment for other factors (r = 0.497, P < 0.001). Moreover, GDF-15 was an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in AGHD patients after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION Elevated GDF-15 levels were significantly associated with cardiovascular risk factors and can be considered as a predictive biomarker of cardiovascular risk in AGHD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunting Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyu Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linman Li
- Department of Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjie Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Chen
- General Practice, The 958 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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10
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Snx14 proximity labeling reveals a role in saturated fatty acid metabolism and ER homeostasis defective in SCAR20 disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:33282-33294. [PMID: 33310904 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011124117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are central cellular metabolites that contribute to lipid synthesis, and can be stored or harvested for metabolic energy. Dysregulation in FA processing and storage causes toxic FA accumulation or altered membrane compositions and contributes to metabolic and neurological disorders. Saturated lipids are particularly detrimental to cells, but how lipid saturation levels are maintained remains poorly understood. Here, we identify the cerebellar ataxia spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 20 (SCAR20)-associated protein Snx14, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-lipid droplet (LD) tethering protein, as a factor required to maintain the lipid saturation balance of cell membranes. We show that following saturated FA (SFA) treatment, the ER integrity of SNX14 KO cells is compromised, and both SNX14 KO cells and SCAR20 disease patient-derived cells are hypersensitive to SFA-mediated lipotoxic cell death. Using APEX2-based proximity labeling, we reveal the protein composition of Snx14-associated ER-LD contacts and define a functional interaction between Snx14 and Δ-9 FA desaturase SCD1. Lipidomic profiling reveals that SNX14 KO cells increase membrane lipid saturation following exposure to palmitate, phenocopying cells with perturbed SCD1 activity. In line with this, SNX14 KO cells manifest delayed FA processing and lipotoxicity, which can be rescued by SCD1 overexpression. Altogether, these mechanistic insights reveal a role for Snx14 in FA and ER homeostasis, defects in which may underlie the neuropathology of SCAR20.
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11
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Li MC, Lin CY, Guo YL. Urinary concentrations of phthalates in relation to circulating fatty acid profile in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2004 and 2011-2012. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114714. [PMID: 32540591 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Animal studies have suggested that phthalate exposure alters the fatty acid composition of blood plasma. Therefore, we conducted an epidemiological study to examine whether urinary concentrations of phthalates are correlated with circulating fatty acids in the general US population. The 2003-2004 and 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used in this study. Ten urinary phthalate metabolites and 23 fatty acids were measured. Fatty acid patterns were identified using principal component analysis (PCA) with an eigenvalue greater than 1. A two-step analysis was performed. We first performed multivariable linear regressions to evaluate whether urinary phthalate metabolites were related to the PCA-derived components of blood fatty acid levels. Then we performed multivariable linear regressions to investigate each of the fatty acids that were suggestively correlated with some of the phthalates in PCA. There were 994 participants (51.91% women). As for men, after adjustments for potential confounding factors, MECPP, MEHHP, and ∑DEHP were all positively correlated with gamma-linolenic, myristoleic, and myristic acids; both MEHHP and ∑DEHP were positively correlated with stearic acid; MMP was positively correlated with docosahexaenoic acid. As for women, MMP was negatively correlated with docosanoic, lignoceric, and arachidic acids; MBzP was negatively correlated with docosahexaenoic acid; both MEHP and MCPP were negatively correlated with docosatetraenoic acid; MEHP was negatively correlated with arachidonic acid, and MCPP was negatively correlated with docosapentaenoic-6 acid. Our findings support that phthalates may be correlated with circulating fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chieh Li
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University College of Public Health, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Yu Lin
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University (NTU) College of Medicine and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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12
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Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors antagonize lipotoxicity in human myeloid angiogenic cells and ADP-dependent activation in human platelets: potential relevance to prevention of cardiovascular events. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:46. [PMID: 32264868 PMCID: PMC7140327 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clear evidence of cardiovascular benefits in cardiovascular outcome trials of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in type 2 diabetes might suggest an effect on atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability and/or thrombosis, in which myeloid angiogenic cells (MAC) and platelets (PLT) are implicated. We tested the effects of SGLT2i on inflammation and oxidant stress in a model of stearic acid (SA)-induced lipotoxicity in MAC and on PLT activation. The possible involvement of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) was also explored. METHOD MAC and PLT were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy subjects and incubated with/without SGLT2i [empagliflozin (EMPA) and dapagliflozin (DAPA) 1-100 μM] to assess their effects on SA (100 μM)-induced readouts of inflammation, oxidant stress and apoptosis in MAC and on expression of PLT activation markers by flow-cytometry after ADP-stimulation. Potential NHE involvement was tested with amiloride (aspecific NHE inhibitor) or cariporide (NHE1 inhibitor). Differences among culture conditions were identified using one-way ANOVA or Friedman test. RESULTS NHE isoforms (1,5-9), but not SGLT2 expression, were expressed in MAC and PLT. EMPA and DAPA (100 μM) significantly reduced SA-induced inflammation (IL1β, TNFα, MCP1), oxidant stress (SOD2, TXN, HO1), but not apoptosis in MAC. EMPA and DAPA (both 1 μM) reduced PLT activation (CD62p and PAC1 expression). SGLT2i effects were mimicked by amiloride, and only partially by cariporide, in MAC, and by both inhibitors in PLT. CONCLUSIONS EMPA and DAPA ameliorated lipotoxic damage in stearate-treated MAC, and reduced ADP-stimulated PLT activation, potentially via NHE-inhibition, thereby pointing to plaque stabilization and/or thrombosis inhibition as potential mechanism(s) involved in SGLT2i-mediated cardiovascular protection.
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13
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Yang Y, Huang J, Li J, Yang H, Yin Y. Effects of Stearic Acid on Proliferation, Differentiation, Apoptosis, and Autophagy in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Curr Mol Med 2019; 20:157-166. [PMID: 31530264 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666190917144127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stearic acid (SA), a saturated long-chain fatty acid consisting of 18 carbon atoms, is widely found in feed ingredients, such as corn, soybeans, and wheat. However, the roles of SA in the renewal of intestinal epithelial cells remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, we found that 0.01-0.1 mM SA promoted IPEC-J2 cell differentiation and did not affect IPEC-J2 cell viability. In addition, the results showed that the viability of IPEC-J2 cells was inhibited by SA in a time- and dose-dependent manner at high concentrations. Flow cytometry and western blot analysis suggested that SA induced apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in cells. In addition, the amounts of triglyceride were significantly increased upon challenge with SA. Moreover, the decrease in the viability of cells induced by SA could be attenuated by 4-PBA, an inhibitor of ER stress. CONCLUSION In summary, SA accelerated IPEC-J2 cell differentiation at 0.01-0.1 mM. Furthermore, SA induced IPEC-J2 cell apoptosis and autophagy by causing ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan 410081, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South- Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Nutrition and Human Health Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha City, Hunan 410081, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South- Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China.,Shandong Yihe Feed Co., Ltd. Yantai Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone, Yantai City, Shandong, China
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14
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Zhang X, Tang X, Tran NT, Huang Y, Gong Y, Zhang Y, Zheng H, Ma H, Li S. Innate immune responses and metabolic alterations of mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) in response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:166-177. [PMID: 30639477 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the major pathogens caused diseases in cultured mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). Mud crabs lack an adaptive immune system, their defenses depend almost on innate immunity. Evaluation of the molecular responses of mud crabs to pathogens is essential for control of disease occurrence in farmed animals. In this study, the impacts of V. parahaemolyticus on immunity-related genes and metabolites in mud crabs of different groups (PG, SG and MG refer to controlled, survival and moribund groups, respectively) were investigated. Our results revealed that V. parahaemolyticus infection stimulated significant expressions of immune-related genes (prophenoloxidase, alpha 2-macroglobulin, lysosomal-associated membrane protein, Rab5, C-type lectin B and anti-lipopolysaccharide factor 5) in the MG within 72 h post-infection. The ATP content was significantly reduced in all tissues except muscle of moribund mud crabs. A total of 668 metabolites (including 190 down-regulated and 145 up-regulated) were identified and assigned to 77 pathways in both SG and MG. Metabolites involved in the saturated fatty acid are up-regulated, whereas unsaturated fatty acid and amino acid metabolisms are down-regulated in the immune system of mud crabs during the bacterial infection in MG. Furthermore, a reduction of hemocyte number and an increase of microbial abundance was found in MG. Our results demonstrated that V. parahaemolyticus induced death of mud crabs through reducing the metabolites associate with energy biosynthesis and innate immune system (i.e. proliferation of hemocyte and melanization), resulting in decrease of ATP in different tissues and failed to clearance of pathogens, respectively. The findings of this study provide a basic information of the responses of mud crab on bacterial infection, which is essential for prevention and control of diseases in mud crab aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Xixiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ngoc Tuan Tran
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Huaiping Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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15
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Spigoni V, Mena P, Fantuzzi F, Tassotti M, Brighenti F, Bonadonna RC, Del Rio D, Dei Cas A. Bioavailability of Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) Flavanones and Biological Activity of Their Circulating Metabolites in Human Pro-Angiogenic Cells. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121328. [PMID: 29211032 PMCID: PMC5748778 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid angiogenic cells (MACs) play a key role in endothelial repairing processes and functionality but their activity may be impaired by the lipotoxic effects of some molecules like stearic acid (SA). Among the dietary components potentially able to modulate endothelial function in vivo, (poly)phenolic compounds represent serious candidates. Here, we apply a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to shed light on the prospects of Bergamot (Citrus bergamia), a citrus fruit rich in flavanones and other phenolic compounds, in the framework of lipotoxicity-induced MACs impairment. The flavanone profile of bergamot juice was characterized and 16 compounds were identified, with a new 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG) flavanone, isosakuranetin-7-O-neohesperidoside-6″-O-HMG, described for the first time. Then, a pilot bioavailability study was conducted in healthy volunteers to assess the circulating flavanone metabolites in plasma and urine after consumption of bergamot juice. Up to 12 flavanone phase II conjugates (sulfates and glucuronides of hesperetin, naringenin and eriodyctiol) were detected and quantified. Finally, the effect of some of the metabolites identified in vivo, namely hesperetin-7-O-glucuronide, hesperetin-3′-O-glucuronide, naringenin-7-O-glucuronide and naringenin-4′-O-glucuronide, was tested, at physiological concentrations, on gene expression of inflammatory markers and apoptosis in MACs exposed to SA. Under these conditions, naringenin-4′-O-glucuronide and hesperetin-7-O-glucuronide were able to modulate inflammation, while no flavanone glucuronide was effective in curbing stearate-induced lipoapoptosis. These results demonstrate that some flavanone metabolites, derived from the in vivo transformation of bergamot juice phenolics in humans, may mitigate stearate-induced inflammation in MACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Spigoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Pedro Mena
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food & Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Federica Fantuzzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Michele Tassotti
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food & Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Furio Brighenti
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food & Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Riccardo C Bonadonna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food & Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Dei Cas
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
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