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Cho SH, Kim S, Oh R, Kim JY, Lee YB, Jin SM, Hur KY, Kim G, Kim JH. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and heavy alcohol consumption increase mortality:A nationwide study. Hepatol Int 2024; 18:1168-1177. [PMID: 38806774 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-024-10671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of excessive alcohol consumption on the prognosis of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) remain unclear. We investigated all-cause and cause-specific mortality according to the amount of alcohol consumed by Asian individuals with MAFLD. METHODS This nationwide retrospective study included 996,508 adults aged 40-79 years who underwent health check-ups between 2009 and 2012. Participants were categorized by the alcohol consumption-non-alcohol, moderate alcohol, and heavy alcohol group (≥ 30 g/day for men, ≥ 20 g/day for women) and by the combination of the presence or absence of MAFLD. Hepatic steatosis was defined as the fatty liver index ≥ 30. Cox analyses were used to analyze the association between alcohol consumption and MAFLD and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. RESULTS MAFLD significantly increased all-cause, liver-, and cancer-related mortality. Individuals with both MAFLD and heavy alcohol consumption expressed the highest mortality risk in liver-related mortality compared to non-MAFLD and non-alcohol group (adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 9.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 8.20-12.29). Regardless of MAFLD, heavy alcohol consumption increased the risk of liver- and cancer-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS MAFLD and heavy alcohol consumption increased all-cause, liver-, and cancer-related mortality. Heavy alcohol consumption and MAFLD synergistically increase liver-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hyun Cho
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohyun Kim
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06355, Republic of Korea
| | - Rosa Oh
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Bin Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Man Jin
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Yeon Hur
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuri Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81, Irwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06355, Republic of Korea.
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Fu B, Yu Y, Cheng S, Huang H, Long T, Yang J, Cai C, Gu M, Niu H, Hua W. The combined association of physical activity and alcohol use with long-term mortality: an age-stratified analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1817. [PMID: 38978061 PMCID: PMC11229205 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combined association of physical activity (PA) and alcohol use (AU) with long-term mortality is yet to be investigated. METHODS For the current study, 12,621 participants aged ≥ 20 years were enrolled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2004). The study endpoint was all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the combined effect of PA and AU on long-term mortality. RESULTS The study population was divided into young (< 60 years, N = 8,258) and old (≥ 60 years, N = 4,363) groups. The median follow-up time was 203 months. In both young and old group, sedentary lifestyle combined with even minimal AU were associated with elevated risk of death (all P < 0.05). In young group, the integration of high volume AU with any degree of PA, including sedentary PA (HR = 2.35, 95% CI 1.24-4.44, P = 0.009), low PA (HR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.01-2.68, P = 0.047), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (HR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.03-3.84, P = 0.041), was associated with an increased risk of mortality. This relationship persisted as significant after adjusting for potential confounders (all P < 0.05). In old group, combining moderate-to-vigorous PA and low volume AU (HR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.37-0.94, P = 0.027) was associated with a reduction in mortality. After adjustment, the combination of moderate-to-vigorous PA and low volume AU was independently associated with favorable prognostic outcomes (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In both age groups, combining sedentary lifestyle with even minimal AU was a risk factor for death. In young group, combining any level of PA with high volume AU was associated with increased mortality. In old group, combining moderate-to-vigorous PA with low volume AU was related to reduced mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqi Fu
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Bei Li Shi Rd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Bei Li Shi Rd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Sijing Cheng
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Bei Li Shi Rd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Bei Li Shi Rd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Tianxin Long
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Bei Li Shi Rd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Juwei Yang
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Bei Li Shi Rd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Chi Cai
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Bei Li Shi Rd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Min Gu
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Bei Li Shi Rd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Hongxia Niu
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Bei Li Shi Rd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 Bei Li Shi Rd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
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Shao L, Chen Y, Zhao Z, Luo S. Association between alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease: A prospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38857. [PMID: 38968463 PMCID: PMC11224835 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in comprehending the impact of alcohol consumption on adverse health outcomes. However, the quality of evidence remains limited. Our objective was to conduct a prospective study examining the relationship between different types of alcoholic beverages and the risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD), and identifying the thresholds of safe dose stratified by sex using data from the UK Biobank. 502,490 participants were enrolled. These participants were initially registered between 2006 and 2010, and underwent reassessment between 2012 and 2013. All participants completed a detailed questionnaire on their alcohol consumption, including total alcohol consumption yesterday, weekly consumption of red wine, champagne plus white wine, beer, spirits, and fortified wine. All-cause mortality and the incidence of CVD and CKD were considered as the primary outcomes. 2852 participants reported CKD during a median follow-up period of 11.94 years, while 79,958 participants reported CVD over a median follow-up period of 11.35 years. Additionally, 18,923 participants died over a median follow-up period of 11.89 years. After adjusting for variables such as age, sex, education level, smoking status, diet score, and exercise score, total alcohol consumption showed a U-shaped relationship with the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality, but showed an inverse association with the risk of CKD. Upon further classification of alcoholic beverages, our analysis revealed that red wine, champagne plus white wine, beer, spirits, and fortified wine presented a U-shaped relationship with the risk of all-cause mortality and CKD. However, spirits were positively associated with the risk of CVD, only red wine, champagne plus white wine, beer, and fortified wine showed a U-shaped relationship with the risk of CVD. The safe doses of total alcohol consumption should be < 11 g/d for males and < 10 for females, red wine consumption should be < 7 glasses/week for males and < 6 for females, champagne plus white wine consumption should be < 5 glasses/week, and fortified wine consumption should be < 4 glasses/week. Red wine, champagne plus white wine, beer, and fortified wine below the corresponding thresholds of safe dose in our analysis were significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality, CVD, and CKD. And these alcoholic beverages under safe doses exhibited a protective effect against conditions like diabetes, depression, dementia, epilepsy, liver cirrhosis, and other digestive diseases, while didn't increase the risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Shao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuchao Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zenghui Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengjun Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wang Z, Liao H, Zheng Y, Ruan H, Li L, Zhang M, Ma M, He S. Mortality Risk in Older People Who Drank Alcohol in the Past by Varying Duration of Alcohol Abstention. Am J Prev Med 2023; 65:678-686. [PMID: 37257763 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to explore the mortality risk in older people who drank alcohol in the past by varying the duration of alcohol abstention. METHODS In total, 31,999 participants aged ≥65 years from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (Waves 1998, 2000, 2002, 2005, 2008, 2011, 2014) were included. Duration of alcohol abstention was assessed by designed questions, and the study outcome was all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association. Analyses occurred from 2022 to 2023. RESULTS During a follow-up of 140,974.8 person-years, all-cause mortality occurred in 24,257 participants. Mortality significantly increased by 23% (adjusted hazard ratio=1.23, 95% CI=1.14, 1.33, p<0.001), by 17% (adjusted hazard ratio=1.17, 95% CI=1.06, 1.31, p=0.003), and by 17% (adjusted hazard ratio=1.17, 95% CI=1.07, 1.28, p=0.001) in people who drank alcohol in the past with ≤5 years, 5-10 years, 10-20 years of alcohol abstention, respectively, compared with that among those who drink alcohol at present. After 20 years of alcohol abstention, the increased mortality risk disappeared (adjusted hazard ratio=1.06, 95% CI=0.97, 1.15, p=0.204). Stratified and sensitivity analysis revealed similar results. In addition, compared with the risk of all-cause mortality among people who never drink alcohol, the risk of all-cause mortality in those who drank alcohol in the past also significantly increased in the following 20 years after they stop drinking, and then the increased risk disappeared afterward. CONCLUSIONS An increased risk of all-cause mortality in older people who drank alcohol in the past was observed, which disappeared after 20 years of alcohol abstention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Liao
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyan Ruan
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muxin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Ma
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Cardiology, The Sixth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Sen He
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Yang S, Chan CK, Wang MH, Leung CC, Tai LB, Tse LA. Association of spirometric restriction with mortality in the silicotics: a cohort study. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:327. [PMID: 37667228 PMCID: PMC10478203 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restrictive spirometry pattern (RSP), defined as reduced forced vital capacity (FVC) in absence of airflow obstruction (AFO), is associated with increased risk of mortality in general population. However, evidence in the patients with silicosis is limited. This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between RSP and the risk of death in a silicotic cohort. METHOD This retrospective cohort study used data from the Pneumoconiosis Clinic, Hong Kong Department of Health that containing 4315 patients aged 18-80 years and diagnosed with silicosis during 1981-2019, with a follow-up till 31 December 2019. Spirometry was carried out at the diagnostic examination of silicosis. Lung function categories were classified as normal spirometry (FEV1/FVC ≥ 0.7, FVC ≥ 80% predicted), RSP only (FEV1/FVC ≥ 0.7, FVC < 80% predicted), AFO only (FEV1/FVC < 0.7, FVC ≥ 80% predicted), and RSP&AFO mixed (FEV1/FVC < 0.7, FVC < 80% predicted). The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were computed using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for age, body mass index, history of tuberculosis, smoking status, pack-years, and radiographic characteristics of silicotic nodules. RESULTS Among the 4315 patients enrolled in the study, the prevalence of RSP was 24.1% (n = 1038), including 11.0% (n = 473) with RSP only and 13.1% (n = 565) with mixed RSP and AFO. During the follow-up period, a total of 2399 (55.6%) deaths were observed. Compared with the silicotics with normal spirometry, those with RSP only had significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.44-1.85) and respiratory-related mortality (HR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.31-1.85). Notably, a higher risk of mortality was observed in silicotics with mixed ventilatory defects of both RSP and AFO (all-cause mortality: HR = 2.22, 95% CI 1.95-2.52; respiratory-related mortality: HR = 2.59, 95% CI 2.18-3.07) than in those with RSP only. CONCLUSION RSP is significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause and respiratory-related mortality in the silicotics, and patients with mixed restrictive and obstructive ventilatory defect have higher risk of mortality than those with single RSP or AFO. These findings emphasize the importance of recognizing RSP in the occupational settings, especially for the silicotic patients with mixed ventilatory defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Yang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Kuen Chan
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maggie Haitian Wang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Chiu Leung
- Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lai Bun Tai
- Tuberculosis and Chest Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lap Ah Tse
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Moissl AP, Delgado GE, Krämer BK, Dawczynski C, Stojakovic T, März W, Kleber ME, Lorkowski S. Gender- and subgroup-specific sensitivity analysis of alcohol consumption and mortality in the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study. Data Brief 2022; 41:107873. [PMID: 35198663 PMCID: PMC8841993 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.107873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Alcohol intake and risk of pituitary adenoma. Cancer Causes Control 2022; 33:353-361. [PMID: 34982318 PMCID: PMC9245588 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between alcohol intake and incidence of pituitary adenoma has not been reported previously. We examined this association in three large, prospective cohort studies. METHODS Using data from the Nurses' Health Study, Nurses' Health Study II, and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, we computed multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (MVHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for pituitary adenoma by levels of alcohol intake using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS We identified 292 incident cases of pituitary adenoma (225 among women, 67 among men) among 235,973 participants with 6,548,732 person-years of follow-up. Compared with intake of ≤ 0.5 g/day, cumulative average alcohol intake in all categories was associated with reduced risk of pituitary adenoma (MVHR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.43-0.83 for 0.5-≤ 2 g/day, MVHR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.41-0.79 for > 2.0-≤ 8.0, MVHR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.47-1.04 for > 8.0-≤ 15.0, and MVHR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.32-0.83 for > 15.0 g/day). Significant inverse findings were present in women and were similar but non-significant in men. For specific alcoholic beverages, inverse associations were statistically significant for total wine (MVHR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.43-0.79 comparing 0.5-≤ 2 to ≤ 0.5 g/day), red wine (MVHR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.46-0.92 comparing 0.5-≤ 2 to ≤ 0.5 g/day), and white wine (MVHR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.53-0.97 comparing 0.5-≤ 2 to ≤ 0.5 g/day). Results were consistent using baseline intake, recent intake, and with an 8-year lag. CONCLUSION In three prospective cohorts, compared to almost no consumption, alcohol consumption was associated with reduced risk of pituitary adenoma. Sensitivity analyses suggest that these results are unlikely to be the result of reverse causation or diagnostic bias.
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Exploring the Effect of Dapagliflozin on Alcoholic Kidney Injury and Renal Interstitial Fibrosis in Rats Based on TIMP-1/MMP-24 Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6538189. [PMID: 34721639 PMCID: PMC8553464 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6538189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To establish a rat model of alcoholic kidney injury and detect the expression of TIMP-1/MMP-24 in the kidneys of rats with alcoholic kidney injury at the molecular pathological level, so as to explore the mechanism of alcohol abuse leading to kidney injury and renal interstitial fibrosis as well as the alleviation of alcohol-induced kidney injury and inhibition of renal interstitial fibrosis by dapagliflozin. Methods 48 male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, alcohol group, alcohol + dapagliflozin group, and alcohol + losartan group, each with 12 rats. Different drugs were administered by gavage for modeling and treatment. Six days later, the rats were sacrificed, blood was collected from the heart to separate the serum, and the blood creatinine (Scr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) contents were detected biochemically. After blood collection, the kidney tissue was taken and fixed in10% neutral formalin. The expression of renal tissue inflammatory factors (CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α) and renal fibrosis indexes (LN, HA, and TGF-β1) were detected; MMP-24 and TIMP-1 in the kidney tissue of rats in different treatment groups were detected, and Smad3 expression was also detected. Results After treatment, the general condition of the alcohol + dapagliflozin group and the alcohol + losartan group improved to different degrees. The weight first decreased and then gradually increased over time. There was no statistical difference in the weight change between the two groups; Compared with the control group, the Scr level, BUN content, renal index, inflammatory factors, and renal fibrosis indexes in the alcohol group were significantly increased (P < 0.05); after 6 weeks of treatment, in the alcohol + dapagliflozin group and alcohol + losartan group, Scr level, BUN content, kidney index, inflammatory factors, and renal fibrosis indexes were significantly decreased (P < 0.05); the expression of MMP-24 in the kidney tissue of the control group was upregulated, and the expression of TIMP-1 and Smad3 was downregulated; MMP-24 expression was downregulated, and TIMP-1 and Smad3 expression was significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) in the rats of the alcohol group. After dapagliflozin and losartan treatment, MMP-24 expression gradually increased and TIMP-1 and Smad3 expression gradually decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusion Long-term large-scale alcohol intake can cause kidney tissue damage and fibrotic lesions. The expression of fibrotic cytokines such as TIMP-1 and Smad3 will increase, and the expression of MMP-24 will be decreased. However, dapagliflozin and losartan have certain therapeutic effects on the abovementioned lesions. The mechanism may be downregulating TIMP-1 and Smad3 and upregulating the expression of MMP-24 and other cytokines in the kidney.
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