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Stevenson AW, Cadby G, Wallace HJ, Melton PE, Martin LJ, Wood FM, Fear MW. Genetic influence on scar vascularity after burn injury in individuals of European ancestry: A prospective cohort study. Burns 2024:S0305-4179(24)00146-3. [PMID: 38902133 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
After burn injury there is considerable variation in scar outcome, partially due to genetic factors. Scar vascularity is one characteristic that varies between individuals, and this study aimed to identify genetic variants contributing to different scar vascularity outcomes. An exome-wide array association study and gene pathway analysis was performed on a prospective cohort of 665 patients of European ancestry treated for burn injury, using their scar vascularity (SV) sub-score, part of the modified Vancouver Scar Scale (mVSS), as an outcome measure. DNA was genotyped using the Infinium HumanCoreExome-24 BeadChip, imputed to the Haplotype Reference Consortium panel. Associations between genetic variants (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and SV were estimated using an additive genetic model adjusting for sex, age, % total body surface area and number of surgical procedures, utilising linear and multinomial logistic regression. No individual genetic variants achieved the cut-off threshold for significance. Gene sets were also analysed using the Functional Mapping and Annotation (FUMA) platform, in which biological processes indirectly related to angiogenesis were significantly represented. This study suggests that SNPs in genes associated with angiogenesis may influence SV, but further studies with larger datasets are essential to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Stevenson
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.
| | - Gemma Cadby
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Hilary J Wallace
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Phillip E Melton
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Lisa J Martin
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; Burns Service of Western Australia, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children and Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Fiona M Wood
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia; Burns Service of Western Australia, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children and Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Mark W Fear
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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Jiang Y, Qian HY. Transcription factors: key regulatory targets of vascular smooth muscle cell in atherosclerosis. Mol Med 2023; 29:2. [PMID: 36604627 PMCID: PMC9817296 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS), leading to gradual occlusion of the arterial lumen, refers to the accumulation of lipids and inflammatory debris in the arterial wall. Despite therapeutic advances over past decades including intervention or surgery, atherosclerosis is still the most common cause of cardiovascular diseases and the main mechanism of death and disability worldwide. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play an imperative role in the occurrence of atherosclerosis and throughout the whole stages. In the past, there was a lack of comprehensive understanding of VSMCs, but the development of identification technology, including in vivo single-cell sequencing technology and lineage tracing with the CreERT2-loxP system, suggests that VSMCs have remarkable plasticity and reevaluates well-established concepts about the contribution of VSMCs. Transcription factors, a kind of protein molecule that specifically recognizes and binds DNA upstream promoter regions or distal enhancer DNA elements, play a key role in the transcription initiation of the coding genes and are necessary for RNA polymerase to bind gene promoters. In this review, we highlight that, except for environmental factors, VSMC genes are transcriptionally regulated through complex interactions of multiple conserved cis-regulatory elements and transcription factors. In addition, through a series of transcription-related regulatory processes, VSMCs could undergo phenotypic transformation, proliferation, migration, calcification and apoptosis. Finally, enhancing or inhibiting transcription factors can regulate the development of atherosclerotic lesions, and the downstream molecular mechanism of transcriptional regulation has also been widely studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Rd, Beijing, 100037 China
| | - Hai-Yan Qian
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases of China, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Rd, Beijing, 100037 China
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Chaetocin attenuates atherosclerosis progression and inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:1270-1282. [PMID: 35428928 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to explore the effect of chaetocin on atherosclerosis and its possible mechanism. In vitro, we observed that chaetocin treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs in concentration- and time-dependent manner. We also found that chaetocin suppressed the migration of VSMCs. Moreover, chaetocin treatment induced a contractile phenotype in VSMCs by increasing α-SMA and SM22α expression. In addition, chaetocin treatment attenuated the accumulation of H3K9me3 on VSMCs contractile gene promoters, which promoted the expression of α-SMA and SM22α. In vivo, chaetocin treatment decreased the H3K9me3 expression, diminished atherosclerotic plaque formation, and increased plaque stability by decreasing necrotic core area and lipid accumulation and increasing collagen content and contractile VSMC phenotype. We demonstrated a new function of chaetocin in inhibiting atherosclerosis progression and increasing plaque stability partly by inhibiting pathological phenotypic switching of VSMCs. These newly identified roles of chaetocin might provide a novel therapeutic target in atherosclerosis.
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Xu A, Pei J, Yang Y, Hua B, Wang J. IL-1β promotes A7r5 and HASMC migration and invasion via the p38-MAPK/Angpt-2 pathway. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:153. [PMID: 35978364 PMCID: PMC9382768 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The migration, proliferation, and inflammatory factor secretion of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are involved in the important pathological processes of several vascular occlusive diseases, including coronary atherosclerosis (CAS). Interleukin 1β(IL-1β), as a bioactive mediator of VSMC synthesis and secretion, can promote the pathological progress of CAS. In this study, we further explored the underlying molecular mechanisms by which IL-1β regulates VSMC migration, invasion. We pretreated A7r5 and HASMC with IL-1β for 24 h, and measured the expression of IL-1β, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP9) in the cells by Western blotting. Cell migration and invasion ability were measured by Transwell and wound healing assays. Cell viability was measured by an MTT assay. We found that IL-1β upregulated the expression of proliferation-related proteins (PCNA and Cyclin D1) in A7r5 and HASMC, and induces the secretion of MMP2 and MMP9, promotes cell invasion and migration. In addition, in A7r5 and HASMCs treated with IL-1β, the expression of Angiopoietin-2 (Angpt-2) increased in a time-dependent manner, transfection with si-Angpt-2 suppressed cell migration and invasion, with downregulated MMP2 and MMP9 expression. Parallelly, we further found that the p38-MAPK pathway is activated in cells induced by IL-1β, p38-MAPK inhibitors can down-regulate the expression of Angpt-2. Collectively, these data demonstrated that IL-1β promotes A7r5 and HASMC migration and invasion via the p38-MAPK/Angpt-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyu Xu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingchun Pei
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yunhong Yang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Baotong Hua
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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Mao L, Yin R, Yang L, Zhao D. Role of advanced glycation end products on vascular smooth muscle cells under diabetic atherosclerosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:983723. [PMID: 36120471 PMCID: PMC9470882 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.983723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease and leading cause of cardiovascular diseases. The progression of AS is a multi-step process leading to high morbidity and mortality. Hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), inflammation and insulin resistance which strictly involved in diabetes are closely related to the pathogenesis of AS. A growing number of studies have linked AGEs to AS. As one of the risk factors of cardiac metabolic diseases, dysfunction of VSMCs plays an important role in AS pathogenesis. AGEs are increased in diabetes, participate in the occurrence and progression of AS through multiple molecular mechanisms of vascular cell injury. As the main functional cells of vascular, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play different roles in each stage of atherosclerotic lesions. The interaction between AGEs and receptor for AGEs (RAGE) accelerates AS by affecting the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. In addition, increasing researches have reported that AGEs promote osteogenic transformation and macrophage-like transformation of VSMCs, and affect the progression of AS through other aspects such as autophagy and cell cycle. In this review, we summarize the effect of AGEs on VSMCs in atherosclerotic plaque development and progression. We also discuss the AGEs that link AS and diabetes mellitus, including oxidative stress, inflammation, RAGE ligands, small noncoding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dong Zhao
- *Correspondence: Longyan Yang, ; Dong Zhao,
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