Sustainable Myocardial Recovery After Mitral Reconstruction for Left Ventricular Noncompaction

NON-COMPACTION CARDIOMYOPATHY: ISSUES, CONTRADICTIONS AND SEARCH FOR EFFECTIVE DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA. LITERATURE REVIEW. PART 1

Active research of non-compaction cardiomyopathy (NCM) has been going on for more than 30 years. A significant amount of information has been accumulated that is familiar to a much larger number of specialists than in the most recent past. Despite this, numerous issues remain unresolved, ranging from classification (congenital or acquired, nosology or morphological phenotype) to the ongoing search for clear diagnostic criteria that separate NCM from physiological hypertrabecularity and secondary non-compaction myocardium with the background of existing chronic processes. Meanwhile, a high risk of adverse cardiovascular events in a certain group of people with NCM is quite high. These patients need timely and often quite aggressive therapy. This review of sources of scientific and practical information is devoted to the current aspects of the classification, extremely diverse clinical picture, extremely complex genetic and instrumental diagnosis of NCM, and the possibilities of its treatment. The purpose of this review is to analyze current ideas about the controversial problems of non-compaction cardiomyopathy. The material for its preparation is the numerous sources of databases Web Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY. As a result of their analysis, the authors tried to identify and summarize the main problems of the NCM and identify the ways to resolve them.

Effect of Noncompacted Myocardial Resection on Isolated Left Ventricular Noncompaction

Isolated left ventricular noncompaction, where broad trabeculae and deep intertrabecular recesses are observed in the left ventricular myocardium resulting from an arrest in normal embryogenesis, is a rare cardiomyopathy. We present a report on isolated trabeculectomy and postoperative echocardiographic follow-up showing recovery of cardiac function for isolated left ventricular noncompaction.

Noncompaction cardiomyopathy: A new mechanism for mitral regurgitation with distinct clinical, echocardiographic features and pathological correlations

Noncompaction cardiomyopathy (NCCM) is a primary, genetic cardiomyopathy with variable clinical manifestations that include mitral regurgitation (MR).

Methods

This study comprised patients diagnosed with NCCM and MR in two cardiac centers (King Abdul-Aziz Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Sudan Heart Institute, Khartoum, Sudan), and seen in the period between 2002 and 2013. The study describes follow up, clinical, echocardiographic, and histopathological findings.

Results

Nineteen cases (85% females) were identified. Ten percent of the cases had relapses and remissions of heart failure. Echocardiographic features included leaflet retraction in all patients, characteristic malcoaptation, and a zigzag deformity of anterior leaflet in 57% of patients. Ruptured chordae were found in 15% of the patients. One patient had pathological examination of the mitral valve which showed myxomatous degeneration, and sclerotic and calcific changes.

Conclusion

We describe and discuss a new mechanism for MR caused by NCCM with identifiable clinical and echocardiographic features, and pathological correlations.

Long-term myocardial recovery after mitral valve replacement in noncompaction cardiomyopathy

Isolated noncompaction of the left ventricle is a congenital cardiomyopathy, which has been described recently, with literature limited to case reports and case series. Even though various complications have been reported with noncompaction cardiomyopathy, among them severe mitral regurgitation has been reported recently in a few cases. There is no great evidence in the literature about its management, apart from some cases of mitral valve repair and replacement in young patients. We are reporting a case of an elderly lady with isolated left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy associated with severe mitral regurgitation treated with mitral valve replacement with one and half year of follow up demonstrating significant myocardial recovery.

Coronary artery bypass graft and mitral valvuloplasty in a patient with isolated ventricular non-compaction

A case of isolated ventricular non-compaction associated to three-vessel disease and a mitral regurgitation is described. The patient underwent triple coronary artery bypass graft and restrictive mitral annuloplasty. The postoperative course was unsuccessful despite the very depressed left ventricular (LV) function. At two years follow-up, no major adverse cardiac event has occurred and the LV function was slightly improved.