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Yuan X, Chen J, Shi D, Song J, Wang P, Cheng D, Yang C, Qiu X, Zhai C. Advanced esophageal cancer with bone metastases: Prognostic biomarkers and palliative treatment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23510. [PMID: 38170113 PMCID: PMC10758821 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common and devastating tumor of the upper digestive tract. Unfortunately, by the time any symptoms have manifested, the disease has often progressed to an advanced stage and is accompanied by macro- and micrometastases, including in the bones. The treatment of esophageal cancer with bone metastases remains clinically challenging, given the poor prognosis associated with this condition. Effective prognostic biomarkers can help medical staff choose the appropriate operation and treatment plan, that is for most beneficial for making patients. Current treatments for esophageal cancer with bone metastases include pain-relieving drugs, surgical therapy, radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy (CT, including molecular-targeted drug therapy), endocrine therapy (ET), bisphosphonates (BPs) and interventional therapy. Of these robust measures, radiotherapy has emerged as a particularly promising therapy for bone metastases from esophageal cancer. Substantial progress has been made in radiation therapy techniques since the discovery of X-rays by Roentgen in 1895. In its palliative capacity, the key goals of radiotherapy are to relieve the patients' bone pain and debilitate effects, including relieving spinal cord compression, correcting the spinal deformity and restoring spinal stability. However, it is worth mentioning that RT for esophageal cancer has various side effects. Currently, the available studies focused exclusively on radiotherapy for ECBM are too small to draw any definitive conclusions, and each of these studies has significant limitations. In this review, in addition to the epidemiology described at the beginning, we will explore the current prognostic biomarkers and radiotherapy for esophageal cancer, with a particular focus on those with bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Yuan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Dingsen Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jiaxun Song
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Pu Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Dong Cheng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xubin Qiu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chenjun Zhai
- Department of Orthopedics, Yixing People's Hospital, Yixing, China
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2
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Wang X, Wang X, Lai J, Xu W, Zhu W, Chen G. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 12 suppresses tumor progression in osteosarcoma cells. J Orthop Sci 2023; 28:468-475. [PMID: 35063332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 12 (PTPN12) plays a prominent role in various cancers as a tumor suppressor. However, the expression of PTPN12 and its biological functions in osteosarcoma (OS) remains to be determined. METHODS PTPN12 expression in OS was explored in public databases and detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and colony formation. The cell migration and invasion were assessed by the Transwell assay. Flow cytometry analysis was applied to detect cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. To investigate the related mechanism, the levels of EGFR and downstream proteins were detected by Western blot. RESULTS PTPN12 expression was significantly decreased in OS samples in GEO database and our hospital. OS cell lines in Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) database and our cultured OS cells also demonstrated low PTPN12 expression. Lentivirus-induced overexpression of PTPN12 significantly inhibited the cell viability, migration and invasion of 143B and U2OS cells. The results of flow cytometry found that PTPN12 overexpression promoted cell apoptosis and induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase in 143B and U2OS cells. The phosphorylation levels of EGFR and subsequent proteins of the PI3K/AKT and ERK pathways were inactivated as a result of PTPN12 overexpression in OS. CONCLUSION PTPN12 plays a tumor suppressive role in OS cells. Restoring of PTPN12 activity may provide new insights for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Putian City, Putian, Fujian, 351199, China
| | - Xinwen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China
| | - Jiankun Lai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongguan People 's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523059, China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Wenxiong Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongguan People 's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523059, China.
| | - Guoxian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Putian City, Putian, Fujian, 351199, China.
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Tang X, Qi C, Zhou H, Liu Y. Critical roles of PTPN family members regulated by non-coding RNAs in tumorigenesis and immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:972906. [PMID: 35957898 PMCID: PMC9360549 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.972906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since tyrosine phosphorylation is reversible and dynamic in vivo, the phosphorylation state of proteins is controlled by the opposing roles of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPs), both of which perform critical roles in signal transduction. Of these, intracellular non-receptor PTPs (PTPNs), which belong to the largest class I cysteine PTP family, are essential for the regulation of a variety of biological processes, including but not limited to hematopoiesis, inflammatory response, immune system, and glucose homeostasis. Additionally, a substantial amount of PTPNs have been identified to hold crucial roles in tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance, and inhibitors of PTPNs have promising applications due to striking efficacy in antitumor therapy. Hence, the aim of this review is to summarize the role played by PTPNs, including PTPN1/PTP1B, PTPN2/TC-PTP, PTPN3/PTP-H1, PTPN4/PTPMEG, PTPN6/SHP-1, PTPN9/PTPMEG2, PTPN11/SHP-2, PTPN12/PTP-PEST, PTPN13/PTPL1, PTPN14/PEZ, PTPN18/PTP-HSCF, PTPN22/LYP, and PTPN23/HD-PTP, in human cancer and immunotherapy and to comprehensively describe the molecular pathways in which they are implicated. Given the specific roles of PTPNs, identifying potential regulators of PTPNs is significant for understanding the mechanisms of antitumor therapy. Consequently, this work also provides a review on the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating PTPNs in tumorigenesis and progression, which may help us to find effective therapeutic agents for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Chumei Qi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Dazhou Women and Children’s Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Honghong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Center for Big Data Research in Health, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Honghong Zhou, ; Yongshuo Liu,
| | - Yongshuo Liu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Honghong Zhou, ; Yongshuo Liu,
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Evaluation of two in vitro assays for tumorigenicity assessment of CRISPR-Cas9 genome-edited cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 23:241-253. [PMID: 34703845 PMCID: PMC8505356 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Off-target editing is one of the main safety concerns for the use of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in gene therapy. These unwanted modifications could lead to malignant transformation, which renders tumorigenicity assessment of gene therapy products indispensable. In this study, we established two in vitro transformation assays, the soft agar colony-forming assay (SACF) and the growth in low attachment assay (GILA) as alternative methods for tumorigenicity evaluation of genome-edited cells. Using a CRISPR-Cas9-based approach to transform immortalized MCF10A cells, we identified PTPN12, a known tumor suppressor, as a valid positive control in GILA and SACF. Next, we measured the limit of detection for both assays and proved that SACF is more sensitive than GILA (0.8% versus 3.1% transformed cells). We further validated SACF and GILA by identifying a set of positive and negative controls and by testing the suitability of another cell line (THLE-2). Moreover, in contrast to SACF and GILA, an in vivo tumorigenicity study failed to detect the known tumorigenic potential of PTPN12 deletion, demonstrating the relevance of GILA and SACF in tumorigenicity testing. In conclusion, SACF and GILA are both attractive and valuable additions to preclinical safety assessment of gene therapy products.
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Liang Z, Li X, Duan F, Song L, Wang Z, Li X, Yang P, Li L. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 12 (PTPN12), negatively regulated by miR-106a-5p, suppresses the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hum Cell 2021; 35:299-309. [PMID: 34784010 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 12 (PTPN12) is abnormally expressed in many human cancers. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is indeterminate. In this study, immunohistochemistry and Western blot were adopted to detect PTPN12 protein expression in HCC tissues and cell lines. MiR-106a-5p and PTPN12 mRNA expressions were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). siRNA was used to knockdown PTPN12 expression in HCC cells, and the multiplication, migration, and invasion of HCC cells were determined by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) and Transwell assays. The interaction between PTPN12 and miR-106a-5p was verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. In the present study, we demonstrated that PTPN12 expression in HCC tissues and cells was significantly decreased, which was associated with the tumor size, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis of HCC patients. Functionally, knocking down PTPN12 significantly promoted the multiplication, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HCC cells. PTPN12 was identified as the direct target of miR-106a-5p, and its expression was negatively modulated by miR-106a-5p. Besides, PTPN12 counteracted the promoting effects of miR-106a-5p on the viability, migration, invasion, and EMT of HCC cells. In conclusion, this study substantiates that PTPN12 inhibits the growth, migration, invasion, and EMT of HCC cells, and miR-106a-5p contributes to its dysregulation in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqiang Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450007, Henan, China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinzheng Public People's Hospital, Xinzheng, Zhengzhou, 451150, Henan, China
| | - Fei Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450007, Henan, China
| | - Liming Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450007, Henan, China
| | - Zhongzhen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinzheng Public People's Hospital, Xinzheng, Zhengzhou, 451150, Henan, China
| | - Xuemin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450007, Henan, China
| | - Pengsheng Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated To Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450007, Henan, China
| | - Liantao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinzheng Public People's Hospital, Xinzheng, Zhengzhou, 451150, Henan, China.
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Tong M, Liu P, Sun W, Liu J, Fan N, Wang X, Zhang Z, Song X, Lv C, Wang Y. Molecular dynamics simulation studies on the specific regulation of PTPN18 to the HER2 phospho-peptides. J Mol Recognit 2021; 34:e2890. [PMID: 33620127 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The specific regulation of PTPN18 protein to three HER2 phospho-peptides has been studied by molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations. The results revealed that the three HER2 phospho-peptides binding to the PTPN18 catalytic domain is energetically favorable due to substrate specificity of PTPN18, and moreover, the PTPN18 protein have significantly higher affinity to pY1248 peptide (-45.22 kcal/mol) than that of pY1112 (-25.3 kcal/mol) and pY1196 (-31.86 kcal/mol) peptides. Further, the binding of HER2 phospho-peptides to PTPN18 have also caused the closure of WPD-loop with the decrease of the centroid distances between the P-loop and the WPD loop. The WPD-loop closure of PTPN18 relates directly to the new hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction formations between the residues Tyr62, Asp64, Val65, Ala231, Arg235, and Ala273 in PTPN18 and Tyr(PO3) in the HER2 phospho-peptides, which suggests that these key residues would contribute to the specific regulation of PTPN18 to the substrates. The correlation analysis revealed the allosteric communication networks from the pY binding loop to the WPD loop through the structural change and the residue interactions in PTPN18. These results will be helpful to understand the specific regulation through the allosteric communication network in the PTPN18 catalytic domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiong Tong
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Peng Liu
- The Office of Academic Affairs, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Wan Sun
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Na Fan
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Zhongyu Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Xinfeng Song
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Chao Lv
- Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Novel Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sustained and Controlled Release Preparations, College of Medicine and Nursing, Dezhou University, Dezhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Jin Y, Wang TX, Li H, Guo P, Wang QQ. Expression and clinical significance of PTPN12 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520936041. [PMID: 33292053 PMCID: PMC7731720 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520936041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common urological disease. Expression of the protein tyrosine phosphatase 12 gene (PTPN12) is decreased in many cancers; however, the relationship between PTPN12 gene function and renal cancer remains unclear. Methods We detected PTPN12 protein expression in ccRCC and corresponding normal tissues from 64 patients with ccRCC by immunohistochemistry, and relative PTPN12 mRNA levels by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The relationships between the relative expression levels of PTPN12 mRNA and the patients’ clinical data were analyzed. Results PTPN12 protein and mRNA expression levels were significantly lower in ccRCC compared with the corresponding normal tissues. The mRNA expression levels in the ccRCC and corresponding normal tissues from the 64 patients with ccRCC were 0.459±0.445 and 1.001±0.128, respectively, compared with the control (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase). There was a significant correlation between relative expression of PTPN12 mRNA in ccRCC tissues and tumor diameter and clinical stage. Conclusion The expression levels of PTPN12 protein and mRNA were significantly lower in ccRCC tissues compared with normal tissues. The role of PTPN12 may provide new insights and evidence to aid the diagnosis and targeted therapy of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Xingtai People's Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xingtai, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Xi Wang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Oncology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Qing Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Huo YH, Wang YN, Meng LB, Zhang AL, Liu B. Progress in the correlation between PTPN12 gene expression and human tumors. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20445. [PMID: 32541467 PMCID: PMC7302617 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global morbidity of cancer is rising rapidly. Despite advances in molecular biology, immunology, and cytotoxic and immune-anticancer therapies, cancer remains a major cause of death worldwide. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 12 (PTPN12) is a new member of the cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase family, isolated from a cDNA library of adult colon tissue. Thus far, no studies have reviewed the correlation between PTPN12 gene expression and human tumors. METHODS This article summarizes the latest domestic and international research developments on how the expression of PTPN12 relates to human tumors. The extensive search in Web of Science and PubMed with the keywords including PTPN12, tumor, renal cell carcinoma, proto-oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes was undertaken. RESULTS More and more studies have shown that a tumor is essentially a genetic disease, arising from a broken antagonistic function between proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. When their antagonistic effect is out of balance, it may cause uncontrolled growth of cells and lead to the occurrence of tumors. PTPN12 is a tumor suppressor gene, so inhibiting its activity will lead directly or indirectly to the occurrence of tumors. CONCLUSION The etiology, prevention, and treatment of tumors have become the focus of research around the world. PTPN12 is a tumor suppressor gene. In the future, PTPN12 might serve as a novel molecular marker to benefit patients, and even the development of tumor suppressor gene activation agents can form a practical research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-hu Huo
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Ya-ni Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei
| | - Ling-bing Meng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei
| | - Ai-li Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The fourth hospital of Hebei medical university, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The fourth hospital of Hebei medical university, P. R. China
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Chen J, Zhao X, Yuan Y, Jing JJ. The expression patterns and the diagnostic/prognostic roles of PTPN family members in digestive tract cancers. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:238. [PMID: 32536826 PMCID: PMC7291430 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01315-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPNs) are a set of enzymes involved in the tyrosyl phosphorylation. The present study intended to clarify the associations between the expression patterns of PTPN family members, and diagnosis as well as the prognosis of digestive tract cancers. Methods Oncomine and Ualcan were used to analyze PTPN expressions. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were downloaded through UCSC Xena for validation and to explore the relationship of the PTPN expression with diagnosis, clinicopathological parameters and survival of digestive tract cancers. Gene ontology enrichment analysis was conducted using the DAVID database. The gene–gene interaction network was performed by GeneMANIA and the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was built using STRING portal coupled with Cytoscape. The expression of differentially expressed PTPNs in cancer cell lines were explored using CCLE. Moreover, by histological verification, the expression of four PTPNs in digestive tract cancers were further analyzed. Results Most PTPN family members were associated with digestive tract cancers according to Oncomine, Ualcan and TCGA data. Several PTPN members were differentially expressed in digestive tract cancers. For esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), PTPN1 and PTPN12 levels were correlated with incidence; PTPN20 was associated with poor prognosis. For stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), PTPN2 and PTPN12 levels were correlated with incidence; PTPN3, PTPN5, PTPN7, PTPN11, PTPN13, PTPN14, PTPN18 and PTPN23 were correlated with pathological grade; PTPN20 expression was related with both TNM stage and N stage; PTPN22 was associated with T stage and pathological grade; decreased expression of PTPN5 and PTPN13 implied worse overall survival of STAD, while elevated PTPN6 expression indicated better prognosis. For colorectal cancer (CRC), PTPN2, PTPN21 and PTPN22 levels were correlated with incidence; expression of PTPN5, PTPN12, and PTPN14 was correlated with TNM stage and N stage; high PTPN5 or PTPN7 expression was associated with increased hazards of death. CCLE analyses showed that in esophagus cancer cell lines, PTPN1, PTPN4 and PTPN12 were highly expressed; in gastric cancer cell lines, PTPN2 and PTPN12 were highly expressed; in colorectal cancer cell lines, PTPN12 was highly expressed while PTPN22 was downregulated. Results of histological verification experiment showed differential expressions of PTPN22 in CRC, and PTPN12 in GC and CRC. Conclusions Members of PTPN family were differentially expressed in digestive tract cancers. Correlations were found between PTPN genes and clinicopathological parameters of patients. Expression of PTPN12 was upregulated in both STAD and CRC, and thus could be used as a diagnostic biomarker. Differential expression of PTPN12 in GC and CRC, and PTPN22 in CRC were presented in our histological verification experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Mathematical Computer Teaching and Research Office, Liaoning Vocational College of Medicine, Shenyang, 110101 China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Jing-Jing Jing
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North NanjingBei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001 Liaoning People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China.,Key Laboratory of GI Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 China
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10
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Weidemann SA, Sauer C, Luebke AM, Möller-Koop C, Steurer S, Hube-Magg C, Büscheck F, Höflmayer D, Tsourlakis MC, Clauditz TS, Simon R, Sauter G, Göbel C, Lebok P, Dum D, Fraune C, Kind S, Minner S, Izbicki J, Schlomm T, Huland H, Heinzer H, Burandt E, Haese A, Graefen M, Heumann A. High-level expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 12 is a strong and independent predictor of poor prognosis in prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:944. [PMID: 31606028 PMCID: PMC6790047 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 12 (PTPN12) is ubiquitously tyrosine phosphatase with tumor suppressive properties. METHODS PTPN12 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray with 13,660 clinical prostate cancer specimens. RESULTS PTPN12 staining was typically absent or weak in normal prostatic epithelium but seen in the majority of cancers, where staining was considered weak in 26.5%, moderate in 39.9%, and strong in 4.7%. High PTPN12 staining was associated with high pT category, high classical and quantitative Gleason grade, lymph node metastasis, positive surgical margin, high Ki67 labeling index and early prostate specific antigen recurrence (p < 0.0001 each). PTPN12 staining was seen in 86.4% of TMPRSS2:ERG fusion positive but in only 58.4% of ERG negative cancers. Subset analyses discovered that all associations with unfavorable phenotype and prognosis were markedly stronger in ERG positive than in ERG negative cancers but still retained in the latter group. Multivariate analyses revealed an independent prognostic impact of high PTPN12 expression in all cancers and in the ERG negative subgroup and to a lesser extent also in ERG positive cancers. Comparison with 12 previously analyzed chromosomal deletions revealed that high PTPN12 expression was significantly associated with 10 of 12 deletions in ERG negative and with 7 of 12 deletions in ERG positive cancers (p < 0.05 each) indicating that PTPN12 overexpression parallels increased genomic instability in prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS These data identify PTPN12 as an independent prognostic marker in prostate cancer. PTPN12 analysis, either alone or in combination with other biomarkers might be of clinical utility in assessing prostate cancer aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören A Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Sauer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Luebke
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Möller-Koop
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Büscheck
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Höflmayer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Christina Tsourlakis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cosima Göbel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Dum
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon Kind
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Izbicki
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Department of Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartwig Huland
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg, Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg, Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Haese
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg, Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg, Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Asmus Heumann
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Chadwick ML, Lane A, Thomas D, Smith AR, White AR, Davidson D, Feng Y, Boscolo E, Zheng Y, Adams DM, Gupta A, Veillette A, Chow LML. Combined mTOR and MEK inhibition is an effective therapy in a novel mouse model for angiosarcoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24750-24765. [PMID: 29872503 PMCID: PMC5973867 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcoma is an aggressive malignancy of vascular origin that occurs de novo or in the context of previous cancer therapy. Despite multi-modal aggressive treatment including surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation, five-year overall survival remains poor at 35%. Due to its rarity, little is known about its molecular pathology and clinical trials have been extremely difficult to conduct. Development of animal models for rare diseases like angiosarcoma is critical to improve our understanding of tumorigenesis and to test novel treatment regimens. A genetically engineered mouse model for angiosarcoma was generated by conditional deletion of Trp53, Pten, and Ptpn12 in endothelial cells. Tumors arising from these mice recapitulate the histology and molecular pathology of the human disease including hyperactivation of the PI3K/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with mTOR or MEK inhibitors effectively inactivated signaling and resulted in reduced proliferation and elevated apoptosis leading to tumor regression. The effect of treatment on tumor growth was transient and proliferation was restored after a period of dormancy. However, combined inhibition of mTOR and MEK resulted in profound tumor regression which was sustained for the duration of treatment. These results suggest that angiosarcoma may be effectively treated by this drug combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Chadwick
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Adam Lane
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Dana Thomas
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Amanda R Smith
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Angela R White
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Yuxin Feng
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Elisa Boscolo
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Denise M Adams
- Vascular Anomalies Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anita Gupta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - André Veillette
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Lionel M L Chow
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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12
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Combinatorial inhibition of PTPN12-regulated receptors leads to a broadly effective therapeutic strategy in triple-negative breast cancer. Nat Med 2018; 24:505-511. [PMID: 29578538 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer diagnosed in more than 200,000 women each year and is recalcitrant to targeted therapies. Although TNBCs harbor multiple hyperactive receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), RTK inhibitors have been largely ineffective in TNBC patients thus far. We developed a broadly effective therapeutic strategy for TNBC that is based on combined inhibition of receptors that share the negative regulator PTPN12. Previously, we and others identified the tyrosine phosphatase PTPN12 as a tumor suppressor that is frequently inactivated in TNBC. PTPN12 restrains several RTKs, suggesting that PTPN12 deficiency leads to aberrant activation of multiple RTKs and a co-dependency on these receptors. This in turn leads to the therapeutic hypothesis that PTPN12-deficient TNBCs may be responsive to combined RTK inhibition. However, the repertoire of RTKs that are restrained by PTPN12 in human cells has not been systematically explored. By methodically identifying the suite of RTK substrates (MET, PDGFRβ, EGFR, and others) inhibited by PTPN12, we rationalized a combination RTK-inhibitor therapy that induced potent tumor regression across heterogeneous models of TNBC. Orthogonal approaches revealed that PTPN12 was recruited to and inhibited these receptors after ligand stimulation, thereby serving as a feedback mechanism to limit receptor signaling. Cancer-associated mutation of PTPN12 or reduced PTPN12 protein levels diminished this feedback mechanism, leading to aberrant activity of these receptors. Restoring PTPN12 protein levels restrained signaling from RTKs, including PDGFRβ and MET, and impaired TNBC survival. In contrast with single agents, combined inhibitors targeting the PDGFRβ and MET receptors induced the apoptosis in TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo. This therapeutic strategy resulted in tumor regressions in chemo-refractory patient-derived TNBC models. Notably, response correlated with PTPN12 deficiency, suggesting that impaired receptor feedback may establish a combined addiction to these proto-oncogenic receptors. Taken together, our data provide a rationale for combining RTK inhibitors in TNBC and other malignancies that lack receptor-activating mutations.
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13
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Huang Y, Zhang Y, Ge L, Lin Y, Kwok HF. The Roles of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10030082. [PMID: 29558404 PMCID: PMC5876657 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family is involved in multiple cellular functions and plays an important role in various pathological and physiological processes. In many chronic diseases, for example cancer, PTP is a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In the last two decades, dozens of PTP inhibitors which specifically target individual PTP molecules were developed as therapeutic agents. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors and is the second most lethal cancer worldwide due to a lack of effective therapies. Recent studies have unveiled both oncogenic and tumor suppressive functions of PTP in HCC. Here, we review the current knowledge on the involvement of PTP in HCC and further discuss the possibility of targeting PTP in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yide Huang
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Yafei Zhang
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
| | - Lilin Ge
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yao Lin
- Provincial University Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Response and Metabolic Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China.
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China.
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14
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Proteomic Identification of Heat Shock-Induced Danger Signals in a Melanoma Cell Lysate Used in Dendritic Cell-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:3982942. [PMID: 29744371 PMCID: PMC5878886 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3982942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with cancer cell-derived lysates have become a promising tool in cancer immunotherapy. During the last decade, we demonstrated that vaccination of advanced melanoma patients with autologous tumor antigen presenting cells (TAPCells) loaded with an allogeneic heat shock- (HS-) conditioned melanoma cell-derived lysate (called TRIMEL) is able to induce an antitumor immune response associated with a prolonged patient survival. TRIMEL provides not only a broad spectrum of potential melanoma-associated antigens but also danger signals that are crucial in the induction of a committed mature DC phenotype. However, potential changes induced by heat conditioning on the proteome of TRIMEL are still unknown. The identification of newly or differentially expressed proteins under defined stress conditions is relevant for understanding the lysate immunogenicity. Here, we characterized the proteomic profile of TRIMEL in response to HS treatment. A quantitative label-free proteome analysis of over 2800 proteins was performed, with 91 proteins that were found to be regulated by HS treatment: 18 proteins were overexpressed and 73 underexpressed. Additionally, 32 proteins were only identified in the HS-treated TRIMEL and 26 in non HS-conditioned samples. One protein from the overexpressed group and two proteins from the HS-exclusive group were previously described as potential damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Some of the HS-induced proteins, such as haptoglobin, could be also considered as DAMPs and candidates for further immunological analysis in the establishment of new putative danger signals with immunostimulatory functions.
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15
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Meeusen B, Janssens V. Tumor suppressive protein phosphatases in human cancer: Emerging targets for therapeutic intervention and tumor stratification. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 96:98-134. [PMID: 29031806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant protein phosphorylation is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells, and in many cases a prerequisite to sustain tumor development and progression. Like protein kinases, protein phosphatases are key regulators of cell signaling. However, their contribution to aberrant signaling in cancer cells is overall less well appreciated, and therefore, their clinical potential remains largely unexploited. In this review, we provide an overview of tumor suppressive protein phosphatases in human cancer. Along their mechanisms of inactivation in defined cancer contexts, we give an overview of their functional roles in diverse signaling pathways that contribute to their tumor suppressive abilities. Finally, we discuss their emerging roles as predictive or prognostic markers, their potential as synthetic lethality targets, and the current feasibility of their reactivation with pharmacologic compounds as promising new cancer therapies. We conclude that their inclusion in clinical practice has obvious potential to significantly improve therapeutic outcome in various ways, and should now definitely be pushed forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Meeusen
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Janssens
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation & Proteomics, Dept. of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven & Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Belgium.
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16
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Wang XP, Li XH, Zhang L, Lin JH, Huang H, Kang T, Mao MJ, Chen H, Zheng X. High level of serum apolipoprotein A-I is a favorable prognostic factor for overall survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:516. [PMID: 27444612 PMCID: PMC4957343 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Noninvasive prognostic tools for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are urgently needed. Serum lipids and lipoproteins are used for the prognosis of certain diseases; however, the prognostic value of serum apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) in ESCC has not been described. Methods Pre-treatment serum lipids and lipoprotein concentrations (including ApoA-I, Apo-B, HDL-C, LDL-C, TC and TG) were analyzed retrospectively and compared between 210 patients with ESCC and 219 healthy controls. The prognostic significance of serum lipids and lipoproteins was determined by univariate and multivariate Cox hazard models in ESCC. Results Clinical characteristics (age, sex, pT status, pN status, pM status, pTNM status, histological differentiation or alcohol index) had no influence on baseline ApoA-I level. Serum ApoA-I, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TC levels were significantly lower and Apo-B was significantly higher in ESCC patients than in normal controls. On univariate analysis, ApoA-I, alcohol index, pT status, pN status and pTNM status were associated with significantly poor survival, and ApoA-I (p = 0.039), alcohol index (p = 0.037) and pTNM status (p = 0.000) were identified as prognostic factors associated with shorter survival in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions Overall survival was shorter in ESCC patients with decreased pre-treatment ApoA-I levels. Our findings suggest that serum ApoA-I level should be evaluated as a predictor of survival in patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ping Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Hua Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Jie Mao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Liang T, Li L, Cheng Y, Ren C, Zhang G. MicroRNA-194 promotes the growth, migration, and invasion of ovarian carcinoma cells by targeting protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 12. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:4307-15. [PMID: 27486333 PMCID: PMC4956060 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s90976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy among women. Ovarian cancer metastasis is the main reason for poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis in various cancers by affecting the expression of their targets. In this study, we explored the role of miR-194 in ovarian cancer. Real-time polymerase chain reaction assays showed that miR-194 was significantly upregulated in ovarian cancer tissues. Overexpression of miR-194 in ovarian cancer cells promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion; in contrast, inhibition of the expression of miR-194 has the opposite effects. Meanwhile, bioinformatics tools were used to identify protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 12 (PTPN12) as a potential target of miR-194. The luciferase assay showed that miR-194 directly binds to the 3′-untranslated region of PTPN12. Western blot analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay revealed that PTPN12 expression was negatively associated with miR-194 expression in both ovarian cancer tissues and cells. Thus, we conclude that miR-194 targets PTPN12 and functions as an oncogene in ovarian cancer cells. This novel pathway may provide a new insight to explain ovarian cancer development and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The first Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, Hei Longjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Liru Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The first Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, Hei Longjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The first Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, Hei Longjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Ren
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The first Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, Hei Longjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangmei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The first Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Nangang District, Harbin, Hei Longjiang, People's Republic of China
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18
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Li H, Yang F, Liu C, Xiao P, Xu Y, Liang Z, Liu C, Wang H, Wang W, Zheng W, Zhang W, Ma X, He D, Song X, Cui F, Xu Z, Yi F, Sun JP, Yu X. Crystal Structure and Substrate Specificity of PTPN12. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1345-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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19
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Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 12 expression is a good prognostic factor in resectable non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11704-13. [PMID: 25868976 PMCID: PMC4484488 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 12 (PTPN12) has been considered to be a tumor suppressor in human cancer, but its clinical and prognostic significance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been well elucidated. A retrospective analysis of 215 patients with surgically resected NSCLCs from Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center between April 2002 and March 2005 was performed using immunohistochemistry and Western Blot to analyze PTPN12 expression. The association between PTPN12 expression and patient survival was investigated. Western Blots showed that the expression level of PTPN12 were higher in normal paracancerous lung tissues than in NSCLC tissues. High PTPN12 expression was less common in the presence than in the absence of visceral pleural invasion (p=0.038). Patients with PTPN12-high tumors had a longer disease-free survival (DFS) (P<0.001) and overall survival (OS) (p<0.001), especially for those with non-squamous cell carcinoma (non-SCC) (DFS, p<0.001; OS, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed that PTPN12 positivity was associated with increased survival duration (DFS, p<0.001; OS, p<0.001), independent of prognostic indicator. High PTPN12 expressive levels are associated with favorable survival duration in patients with NSCLC, especially those with non-SCC. Our study suggests that PTPN12 expression is a valuable prognostic biomarker for NSCLC patients.
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20
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Piao Y, Liu X, Lin Z, Jin Z, Jin X, Yuan K, Wu W. Decreased expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 12 is involved in the proliferation and recurrence of bladder transitional cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:1620-1626. [PMID: 26622721 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 12 (PTPN12) has been shown to be involved in the development of a number of types of carcinoma. However, the effect of PTPN12 on the proliferation and recurrence of human bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the expression and function of PTPN12 in human TCC. Samples from 164 patients with TCC, in addition to 146 patients undergoing bladder surgery for indications other than TCC, were examined. PTPN12 protein expression was examined using immunohistochemistry and western blotting, and PTPN12 mRNA expression was examined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. PTPN12 expression was increased following transfection with the PTPN12-expressing, pcDEF3 vector, and PTPN12 expression was decreased by RNA interference, in four TCC cell lines. The proliferation of TCC cells was analyzed by a WST-1 assay and in xenografts on BALB/C nude mice. The effect of PTPN12 on tumor recurrence was analyzed by adhesion, migration and invasion assays in TCC cell lines. PTPN12 expression was significantly decreased in TCC tissues compared with that in normal urothelium, and the level of PTPN12 expression was negatively correlated with tumor size, pathological grade, clinical stage and tumor recurrence. Furthermore, decreased expression of PTPN12 significantly enhanced the proliferation of TCC cells in vitro and in vivo. TCC cells with lower levels of PTPN12 exhibited greater adhesion, migration and invasion. In conclusion, PTPN12 expression is downregulated in human TCC. Restoring PTPN12 activity may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongrui Piao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133000, P.R. China
| | - Xiankui Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- Department of Pathology, Yanbian University Medical College, Yanji, Jilin 133000, P.R. China
| | - Zhehu Jin
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133000, P.R. China
| | - Xuanshun Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133000, P.R. China
| | - Kuichang Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133000, P.R. China
| | - Wenyuan Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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21
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Thummuri D, Kumar S, Surapaneni SK, Tikoo K. Epigenetic regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN12 in triple-negative breast cancer. Life Sci 2015; 130:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Zhang XK, Xu M, Chen JW, Zhou F, Ling YH, Zhu CM, Yun JP, Cai MY, Luo RZ. The prognostic significance of tyrosine-protein phosphatase nonreceptor type 12 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:5201-8. [PMID: 25663493 PMCID: PMC4516902 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase nonreceptor type 12 (PTPN12) has been proposed to predict prognosis of various human cancers. However, the clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of PTPN12 expression in NPC has not yet been elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic implication of PTPN12 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Protein expression levels of PTPN12 were explored by semiquantitative immunohistochemical staining on archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded pathological specimens consisting of 203 NPCs, and 40 normal nasopharyngeal mucosa tissues. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed to determine the cutoff score of PTPN12 expression in NPCs. The PTPN12 immunohistochemical staining results were then correlated with various clinicopathological features and patients’ prognosis using various statistical models. Our results showed that decreased expression of PTPN12 was more frequently observed in NPC tissues compared with the normal nasopharyngeal mucosa. Further correlation analyses indicated that the decreased expression of PTPN12 was significantly associated with tumor T classification, N classification, distant metastasis, and clinical stage in NPCs (P < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed a significant association between the decreased expression of PTPN12 and adverse overall survival and disease-free survival (P < 0.05). More importantly, multivariate analysis identified the PTPN12 expression in NPC as an independent prognostic factor. The decrease expression of PTPN12 might be important in conferring a more aggressive behavior in NPC. Thus, PTPN12 expression may be used as a novel independent prognostic biomarker for patients with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Medical Affairs, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Hong Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, China
| | - Chong-Mei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Ping Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, China
| | - Mu-Yan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Zhen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, 510060 Guangzhou, China
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Downregulated expression of PTK6 is correlated with poor survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Med Oncol 2014; 31:317. [PMID: 25377660 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the clinical prognostic value of protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting were utilized to measure the mRNA and protein expression levels of PTK6 in 29 and eight pairs of ESCC and peritumoral normal esophageal tissues, respectively. Furthermore, the expression of PTK6 protein in 210 ESCCs was examined with immunohistochemistry (IHC), and its clinical value was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier plots and the Cox proportional hazards regression model. The results found that the expression levels of both PTK6 mRNA and protein in ESCC tissues were significantly lower than those in peritumoral normal esophageal tissues. Regarding the IHC analysis of ESCC, the cytoplasmic expression of PTK6 was significantly correlated with tumor grade (P < 0.001). Compared with patients with low PTK6 expression, ESCC patients with overexpression of PTK6 displayed preferable disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively), especially in stage II disease (P = 0.002 and P = 0.021, respectively). PTK6 was evaluated as an independent prognostic factor for ESCC using multivariate Cox regression analysis. All data demonstrated that the expression level of PTK6 is an independent prognostic factor in ESCCs. Low expression of PTK6 is correlated with poor DFS and OS in ESCCs.
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Stebbing J, Lit LC, Zhang H, Darrington RS, Melaiu O, Rudraraju B, Giamas G. The regulatory roles of phosphatases in cancer. Oncogene 2014; 33:939-53. [PMID: 23503460 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The relevance of potentially reversible post-translational modifications required for controlling cellular processes in cancer is one of the most thriving arenas of cellular and molecular biology. Any alteration in the balanced equilibrium between kinases and phosphatases may result in development and progression of various diseases, including different types of cancer, though phosphatases are relatively under-studied. Loss of phosphatases such as PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10), a known tumour suppressor, across tumour types lends credence to the development of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors alongside the use of phosphatase expression as a biomarker, though phase 3 trial data are lacking. In this review, we give an updated report on phosphatase dysregulation linked to organ-specific malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stebbing
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - L C Lit
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - H Zhang
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R S Darrington
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - O Melaiu
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - B Rudraraju
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - G Giamas
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Decreased expression of PTPN12 correlates with tumor recurrence and poor survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85592. [PMID: 24475046 PMCID: PMC3901655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 12 (PTPN12), has been identified as a potent tumor suppressor in human cancers and a critical regulator of cell adhesion and migration. However, the PTPN12 expression and its prognostic significance in HCC have not been well elucidated. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry (IHC) was investigated in an HCC cohort with adjacent liver tissues as controls. The resulting data were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic curves, Spearman's rank correlation, Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Our results showed that decreased expression of PTPN12 was more frequently observed in HCC tissues compared to the adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues. Further correlation analyses indicated that the decreased PTPN12 expression was closely correlated with tumor recurrence (P = 0.015). Univariate analysis showed a significant association between decreased expression of PTPN12 and adverse cancer-specific survival and recurrence-free survival (P<0.001). In different subsets of overall patients, PTPN12 expression was also a prognostic indicator in patients with stage I/II or stage III/IV (P<0.05). Importantly, multivariate analysis (P<0.05) identified PTPN12 expression in HCC as an independent prognostic factor. Conclusions/Significance Our findings provide a basis for the concept that PTPN12 protein expression is frequently decreased or lost in human HCC tissues and that decreased PTPN12 expression may represent an acquired recurrence phenotype of HCC and that PTPN12 expression may act as a biomarker of prognosis for patients with HCC.
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PTPN12 inhibits oral squamous epithelial carcinoma cell proliferation and invasion and can be used as a prognostic marker. Med Oncol 2013; 30:618. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0618-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Chen YF, Ma G, Cao X, Luo RZ, He LR, He JH, Huang ZL, Zeng MS, Wen ZS. Overexpression of cystatin SN positively affects survival of patients with surgically resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Surg 2013; 13:15. [PMID: 23711283 PMCID: PMC3699386 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2482-13-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cystatin SN is a secreted protein and a cysteine proteinase inhibitor. It has been considered to be a tumor marker for gastrointestinal tract cancer in several functional researches. However, the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of Cystatin SN expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been elucidated. Methods In our study, the expression of Cystatin SN was detected in 209 surgically resected ESCC tissues and 170 peritumoral normal esophageal mucosae by immunohistochemistry. The prognostic significance of Cystatin SN expression was analysed with Kaplan-Meier plots and the Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results The results showed that the immunostaining of Cystatin SN in ESCC tissues was less intense than that in the normal control tissue (P < 0.001). Compared with patients with low tumoral Cystatin SN expression, ESCC patients with tumors high-expression Cystatin SN exhibited increased disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, the expression level of Cystatin SN could further stratify the ESCC patients by survival (DFS and OS) in the stage II subgroup (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analyses showed that Cystatin SN expression, N status and differentiation were independent and significant predictors of survival. Conclusions We concluded that ESCC patients whose tumors express high levels of Cystatin SN have favourable survival compared with those patients with low Cystatin SN expression. Tumoral Cystatin SN expression may be an independent predictor of survival for patients with resectable ESCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Hofstetter WL. Invited commentary. Ann Thorac Surg 2012; 93:1681. [PMID: 22541197 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne L Hofstetter
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 445, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
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