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Soynov IA, Gorbatikh YN, Kulyabin YY, Manukian SN, Rzaeva KA, Velyukhanov IA, Nichay NR, Kornilov IA, Arkhipov AN. Evaluation of end-organ protection in newborns and infants after surgery of aortic arch hypoplasia: A prospective randomized study. Perfusion 2024:2676591241276980. [PMID: 39177467 DOI: 10.1177/02676591241276980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surgical repair of aortic arch hypoplasia in children requires a "dry" surgical field with reliable end-organ protection. Perfusion strategies commonly involve deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) and variations of the continuous perfusion techniques, such as selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP) and full-flow perfusion with double aortic cannulation (DAC). We aimed to evaluate the end-organ protection in the surgery of aortic arch hypoplasia in newborns and infants using DHCA and DAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS 66 newborns and infants with aortic arch hypoplasia and biventricular anatomy were enrolled in this prospective study. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups according to the perfusion strategy - DHCA (n = 33); and DAC (n = 33). Primary endpoint: acute kidney injury (AKI), graded according to the KDIGO score. Secondary endpoints: neurological sequelae (pre- and postoperative MRI), in-hospital mortality. RESULTS The lowest temperature was 32 (28; 34)°С in the DAC group and 23 (20; 25)°С in the DHCA group. The patients with DAC had lower incidence of AKI (6 patients (18.2%) versus 19 patients (57.6%); p = .017). In the multivariate analysis, the inotropic index at 48 h was identified as a risk factor, increasing the risk of AKI by 4%. The DHCA group was associated with a 3.8-fold increase in the risk of AKI. There was no difference in hospital mortality between the DAC and DHCA groups (1 patient (3%) versus 3 patients (9.1%); p = .61). Neurological sequelae by MRI scan were observed in 18 patients (54.5%) in the DHCA group compared to 5 patients (15.15%) in the DAC group (p = .026). The only risk factor identified in the multivariate analysis for neurological lesions on MRI scan was the DHCA group, which increased the risk by 8.8 times. CONCLUSIONS Surgical reconstruction of the aortic arch hypoplasia using the method of full-body perfusion reduces the incidence of neurological lesions and renal complications requiring renal replacement therapy compared with the deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in neonates and infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Soynov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Meshalkin National Medical Research Center", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Yu N Gorbatikh
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Meshalkin National Medical Research Center", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Yu Yu Kulyabin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Meshalkin National Medical Research Center", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - S N Manukian
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Meshalkin National Medical Research Center", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - K A Rzaeva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Meshalkin National Medical Research Center", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - I A Velyukhanov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Meshalkin National Medical Research Center", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - N R Nichay
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Meshalkin National Medical Research Center", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - I A Kornilov
- Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - A N Arkhipov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "Meshalkin National Medical Research Center", Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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Starr JP, Karamlou T, Steele A, Artis AS, Rajeswaran J, Salim Hammoud M, Gates RN. Temperature and Neurologic Outcomes in Neonates Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Society of Thoracic Surgeons Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 84:450-463. [PMID: 39048277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is significant variability in postoperative neurological injury rates in patients with congenital heart disease, with early injuries impacting long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes; therefore, there is an urgent need for identifying effective strategies to mitigate such injuries. OBJECTIVES This study aims to assess the association between nadir intraoperative temperature (NIT) and early neurological outcomes in neonates undergoing congenital heart surgery. METHODS Analyzing data from 24,345 neonatal cardiac operations from the Society for Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database between 2010 and 2019, NIT was assessed using a mixed-effect logistic regression model, targeting major neurological injury (stroke, seizure, or deficit at discharge) as a primary endpoint. RESULTS The study observed a shift from hypothermic circulatory arrest to cerebral perfusion with an increase in mean nadir temperature from 23.9 °C to 25.6 °C (P < 0.0001). Major neurological injury was noted in 4.9% of the cohort, with variations based on surgical procedure. After adjusting for risk, NIT was not significantly associated with major neurological injuries overall, but a lower NIT showed protective effects in the Norwood subgroup. Factors increasing the risk of major neurological injury included younger age at surgery, the Norwood procedure, longer cardiopulmonary bypass times, younger gestational age, presence of noncardiac abnormalities, and chromosomal anomalies. CONCLUSIONS Whereas neurological injuries are prevalent after neonatal cardiac surgery, current practices lean towards higher core temperatures. This trend is supported by the nonsignificant impact of NIT on neurological outcomes. However, lower NIT in the Norwood subgroup indicates that reduced temperatures may be beneficial amidst specific risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne P Starr
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, CHOC Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA.
| | - Tara Karamlou
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Children's and the Heart Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Allison Steele
- Department of Quality Risk, CHOC Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA
| | - Amanda S Artis
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Miza Salim Hammoud
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Children's and the Heart Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Richard N Gates
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, CHOC Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA
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Kaskar A, Kumar G. Multiple Perfusion Strategies for Complex Aortic Arch Reconstruction: Same Result. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2024; 15:252. [PMID: 38263673 DOI: 10.1177/21501351231221443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ameya Kaskar
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, NH SRCC Children's Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, NH SRCC Children's Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Magunia H, Nester J, Sandoval Boburg R, Schlensak C, Rosenberger P, Hofbeck M, Keller M, Neunhoeffer F. Abdominal and Peripheral Tissue Oxygen Supply during Selective Lower Body Perfusion for the Surgical Repair of Congenital Heart Disease: A Pilot Study. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9120436. [PMID: 36547433 PMCID: PMC9782002 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9120436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lower body perfusion (LBP) may be a strategy for maintaining organ perfusion during congenital heart disease surgery. It is hypothesized that renal and lower limb oxygen supply during LBP is superior to off-pump surgery and comparable to that of a standard cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods: in this prospective single-center study, patients aged <1 year were recruited if they were scheduled for a correction of aortic arch anomalies using antegrade cerebral perfusion and LBP (group 1), a repair of coarctation during aortic cross-clamping (group 2), or surgery under whole-body CPB (group 3). Renal (prefix “r”) and peripheral (prefix “p”) oxygen saturation (SO2), hemoglobin amount (Hb), blood velocity (Velo), and blood flow (Flow) were measured noninvasively. Results: A total of 23 patients were included (group 1, n = 9; group 2, n = 5; group 3, n = 9). Compared to the baseline values, rSO2 and pSO2 decreased significantly in group 2 compared to groups 1 and 3. Conversely, rHB significantly increased in group 2 compared to groups 1 and 3, reflecting abdominal venous stasis. Compared to group 3, group 1 showed a significantly lower pFlow during CPB; however, rFlow, pFlow, and pVelo did not differ. Conclusion: according to these observations, LBP results in an improved renal oxygen supply compared to off-pump surgery and may prove to be a promising alternative to conventional CPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Magunia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jana Nester
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Sandoval Boburg
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schlensak
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rosenberger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael Hofbeck
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pulmonology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marius Keller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)7071-2986564; Fax: +49-(0)7071-295533
| | - Felix Neunhoeffer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Pulmonology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Kulyabin YY, Voitov AV, Nichay NR, Soynov IA, Zubritskiy AV, Bogachev-Prokophiev AV. Single-stage off-pump repair of coarctation of the aorta and ventricular septal defects in children. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2022; 35:6618532. [PMID: 35758623 PMCID: PMC9291394 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivac186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
The appropriate approach for surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta with a ventricular septal defect (VSD) remains controversial. This study evaluated the outcomes of primary repair of VSDs with periventricular device closure without cardiopulmonary bypass through a left thoracotomy in patients without arch hypoplasia.
METHODS
We selected 21 patients aged <1 year, including 7 neonates, who underwent repair of coarctation of the aorta with periventricular device closure of a VSD.
RESULTS
The median occluder size was 6 (range, 5–8) mm. The median mechanical ventilation time was 14 (range, 2–68) h, and the median duration of hospital stay was 11 (range, 7–16) days. No reoperations were required to correct VSD shunting, and the median residual shunt size was 1 (range, 1–2) mm. The median follow-up period was 13 (range, 4–31) months. No late deaths were reported, and no haemodynamically significant pressure gradient at the anastomotic site was observed. The median distal aortic arch z-score was 0.39 (range, −0.1–to 0.9). Only 1 patient had a permanent pacemaker implanted towards the end of the follow-up period.
CONCLUSIONS
Periventricular device closure can be used safely for closure of VSD in children with coarctation of the aorta without a hypoplastic aortic arch, even in neonates, to reduce the risk of prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass. This hybrid approach can be performed with a low incidence of rhythm disturbances and residual shunting. However, a meticulous assessment of the VSD anatomy is essential to avoid any unfavourable events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Y Kulyabin
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center , Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey V Voitov
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center , Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nataliya R Nichay
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center , Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya A Soynov
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center , Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey V Zubritskiy
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center , Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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Evaluation of postoperative renal functions and its effect on body perfusion in patients with double aortic cannulation. Cardiol Young 2022; 33:733-740. [PMID: 35635193 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951122001627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal visceral preservation method during aortic arch reconstruction is still controversial. It has been thought that double aortic cannulation is effective. Herein, it was aimed to evaluate this technique in providing distal perfusion. METHODS A total of 74 patients who underwent arch reconstruction between 2011 and 2019 were included. Patients were grouped according to ventricular physiology and cannulation strategies. Group 1 were univentricle patients, and all had double aortic cannulation. Group 2 were biventricular patients. Group 2A double aortic cannulation-done and Group 2B non-double aortic cannulation were included. Lactate, urea, creatinine values, renal functions, and need for peritoneal dialysis of patients were evaluated. RESULTS There were no complications observed due to descending aortic cannulation in any of the patients. A delayed sternal closure and the need for peritoneal dialysis were more common in the Group 1 (p < 0.01). The preoperative and postoperative 1st- and 2nd-day lactate, urea, and creatinine values in the Group 1 were higher (p < 0.05) when compared with the Group 2A and 2B. The same values were higher in Group 2A than the Group 2B (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The positive effect of double aortic cannulation on renal dysfunction could not be demonstrated. This may be associated with a <1 month of age, low weight, complex surgical procedure, and high preoperative lactate, urea, and creatinine values in patients with double aortic cannulation.
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Comparison of cases with and without additional lower body perfusion in newborns undergoing aortic arch reconstruction with antegrade selective cerebral perfusion method. TURKISH JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2022; 30:192-198. [PMID: 36168563 PMCID: PMC9473591 DOI: 10.5606/tgkdc.dergisi.2022.22805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of additional lower body perfusion, compared to antegrade selective cerebral perfusion, on early postoperative outcomes after aortic arch repair in neonates with biventricular morphology.
Methods
Between January 2017 and April 2020, a total of 46 neonates (34 males, 12 females; median age: 10 days; range, 7 to 14 days) with biventricular morphology underwent an aortic arch reconstruction were retrospectively analyzed. The effects of antegrade selective cerebral perfusion and additional lower body perfusion techniques on vital organ preservation and mortality were evaluated in these patients who underwent arch reconstruction.
Results
In the univariate analysis of the whole cohort, postoperative creatinine level was lower in the additional lower body perfusion group, while there was no significant difference between the other parameters. In the multivariate analysis, intraoperative highest lactate level (odds ratio: 1.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.07-2.68; p=0.02) and postoperative 4th t o 6 th h lactate levels (odds ratio: 2.34; 95% confidence interval: 1.08-5.09; p=0.03) were independent predictors of early mortality. Mortality rate was higher in the antegrade selective cerebral perfusion group (22% vs. 7%), although it did not reach statistical significance. In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the cut-off value for intraoperative lactate was 6.2 mmol/L (sensitivity: 85.7%, specificity: 71.1%) and the cut-off value for the lactate level at the postoperative 4th to 6th h was 4.9 mmol/L (sensitivity: 85.7%, specificity: 73.7%). Above these lactate levels were found to be associated with mortality.
Conclusion
Additional lower body perfusion may have a role in vital organ protection in aortic arch repair of neonates, compared to antegrade selective cerebral perfusion.
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Yokota R, Kwiatkowski DM, Journel C, Adamson GT, Zucker E, Suarez G, Lechich KM, Chaudhuri A, Collins RT. Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury in Williams Syndrome Compared With Matched Controls. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2022; 23:e162-e170. [PMID: 34982759 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular manifestations occur in over 80% of Williams syndrome (WS) patients and are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. One-third of patients require cardiovascular surgery. Renal artery stenosis (RAS) is common in WS. No studies have assessed postoperative cardiac surgery-related acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) in WS. Our objectives were to assess if WS patients have higher risk of CS-AKI postoperatively than matched controls and if RAS could contribute to CS-AKI. DESIGN This was a retrospective study of all patients with WS who underwent cardiac surgery at our center from 2010 to 2020. The WS study cohort was compared with a group of controls matched for age, sex, weight, and surgical procedure. SETTING Patients underwent cardiac surgery and postoperative care at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford. PATIENTS There were 27 WS patients and 43 controls (31% vs 42% female; p = 0.36). Median age was 1.8 years (interquartile range [IQR], 0.7-3.8 yr) for WS and 1.7 years (IQR, 0.8-3.1 yr) for controls. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Postoperative hemodynamics, vasopressor, total volume input, diuretic administration, and urine output were collected in the first 72 hours. Laboratory studies were collected at 8-hour intervals. Multivariable analysis identified predictors of CS-AKI.Controlled for renal perfusion pressure (RPP) and vasoactive inotrope score (VIS), compared with controls, the odds ratio (OR) of CS-AKI in WS was 4.2 (95% CI, 1.1-16; p = 0.034). Higher RPP at postoperative hours 9-16 was associated with decreased OR of CS-AKI (0.88 [0.8-0.96]; p = 0.004). Increased VIS at hour 6 was associated with an increased OR of CS-AKI (1.47 [1.14-1.9]; p = 0.003). Younger age was associated with an increased OR of CS-AKI (1.9 [1.13-3.17]; p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS The OR of CS-AKI is increased in pediatric patients with WS compared with controls. CS-AKI was associated with VIS at the sixth postoperative hour. Increases in RPP and mean arterial pressure were associated with decreased odds of CS-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Yokota
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Palo Alto, CA
| | - David M Kwiatkowski
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Palo Alto, CA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Chloe Journel
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Greg T Adamson
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Palo Alto, CA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Evan Zucker
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Palo Alto, CA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | | | | | - Abanti Chaudhuri
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Palo Alto, CA
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - R Thomas Collins
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford, Palo Alto, CA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
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Liebrich M, Schweder M, Seeburger J, Voth V. Triple-Arterial Cannulation Approach for Whole-Body Perfusion in Infant Hypoplastic Aortic Arch and Coarctation Repair. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Rep 2022; 11:e47-e49. [PMID: 36032934 PMCID: PMC9402288 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1750428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ and end-organ protection in aortic arch surgery represents a substantial challenge, especially in infants. Selective antegrade cerebral perfusion has been reported to improve organ function during this procedure. Visceral perfusion can be optimized by cannulation of the descending aorta during infant aortic arch surgery, leading to a decrease in end organ damage. However, it is associated with extensive surgical manipulation and subsequent risk of major vessel and potential organ damage. In this report, we describe a technique for distal body perfusion in an infant with hypoplastic aortic arch and isthmus stenosis by ultrasound-guided cannulation of the femoral artery using an intra-arterial vascular sheath establishing whole-body perfusion by triple cannulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Liebrich
- Departement of Cardiac Surgery, Sana Herzchirurgie Stuttgart GmbH, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Marco Schweder
- Departement of Cardiac Surgery, Sana Herzchirurgie Stuttgart GmbH, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Joerg Seeburger
- Departement of Cardiac Surgery, Sana Herzchirurgie Stuttgart GmbH, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Voth
- Departement of Cardiac Surgery, Sana Herzchirurgie Stuttgart GmbH, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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Chamberlain RC, Andersen ND, McCrary AW, Hornik CP, Hill KD. Post-operative Renal Failure, Shunt Type and Mortality after Norwood Palliation. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 113:2046-2053. [PMID: 34534529 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Single Ventricle Reconstruction (SVR) trial demonstrated increased risk of death or heart transplant one year post-Norwood in subjects randomized to Blalock-Taussig shunts (mBTS) compared to right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery (RV-PA) shunts. We used the SVR public use database to evaluate incidence and risk factors for post-operative renal failure and relationships between renal failure, shunt type and outcomes post-Norwood. METHODS Post-operative renal failure was defined a-priori as a 3-fold rise in creatinine from baseline, or dialysis use, within 7 days of Norwood. We used multivariate logistic regression to evaluate risk factors for post-operative renal failure and Cox hazard regression to determine the association between post-operative renal failure and one-year post-Norwood mortality. RESULTS Overall, post-operative renal failure occurred in 8.4% (46/544) with risk factors including receipt of a mBTS (aOR 3.3, p=0.02), low center volume (aOR 2.7, p=0.005), presence of ≥2 pre-op complications (aOR 4.0, p<0.001), low birth weight (aOR 3.2, p=0.002), post-operative heart block (aOR 8.5, p=0.001), and delayed sternal closure (aOR 5.3, p=0.026). Renal failure was an independent risk factor for one-year mortality (aHR 1.9, p=0.019). Assessing interaction by shunt type, mortality risk associated with renal failure was greatest in the RV-PA shunt group (aHR 3.3 versus RV-PA shunt without renal failure, p=0.001), but was also increased in the mBTS group (aHR 1.9, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Post-operative renal failure is common after Norwood and is independently associated with mortality. Although renal failure is more common after mBTS, the highest mortality risk with renal failure occurs after RV-PA shunt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reid C Chamberlain
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
| | - Nicholas D Andersen
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Andrew W McCrary
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Christoph P Hornik
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, North Carolina 27710; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Kevin D Hill
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, North Carolina 27710; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 2301 Erwin Road, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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Baehner T, Breuer J, Heinze I, Duerr GD, Dewald O, Velten M. Low-body-perfusion via an arterial sheath reduces inflammation after aortic arch reconstruction surgery. EUR J INFLAMM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/20587392211000574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cardiac surgeries involving aortic arch reconstruction are complex and require long cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) times with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). Selective perfusion techniques have been developed to prevent the deleterious consequences of DHCA associated hypoperfusion. The effectivity of low body perfusion through cannulation of the femoral artery with an arterial sheath remains to be elucidated. We compared perfusion and inflammation in patients receiving selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) only to low body perfusion (LBP) in addition to ACP during DHCA for aortic arch reconstruction surgery. There was no difference in patient characteristics, cardiac pathologies, or performed procedures between ACP and LBP groups. Lactate levels increased after cardiac arrest in both groups. However, lactate levels were lower after 1 h reperfusion, at the end of extracorporeal circulation (ECC), and after surgery in LBP group compared to ACP only. Furthermore, creatinine was increased in ACP group on postoperative day 1 compared to LBP group but no acute kidney injury was observed in any group. IL-6 concentration increased in ACP group, while remained unchanged in LBP group compared to pre surgical values and were significantly lower compared to ACP group on postoperative days 1 and 2. LBP via an arterial sheath during cardiac arrest for aortic arch reconstruction surgery in addition to ACP, improves post ECC tissue perfusion as indicated by lower lactate levels and reduces creatinine levels suggesting milder kidney injury. LBP seems to prevent postoperative inflammation through a reduction in procedural duration or enhanced perfusion and thereby improves the outcome after aortic arch reconstruction surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Baehner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, St. Nikolaus Hospital, Andernach, Germany
| | - Johannes Breuer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ingo Heinze
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Dewald
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Medical Center Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Niedersachsen, Germany
| | - Markus Velten
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Das D, Dutta N, Roy Chowdhuri K. Total circulatory arrest as a support modality in congenital heart surgery: review and current evidence. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 37:165-173. [PMID: 33584032 PMCID: PMC7859125 DOI: 10.1007/s12055-020-00930-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of total circulatory arrest (TCA)/deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) as a support modality in congenital heart surgery is a time-tested strategy. However, with technological advances, the widespread use of this technique has decreased. Adjunctive cerebral perfusion with continuous cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) gradually has become more popular with a view to reduce the complications related to DHCA. In addition, better neuromonitoring and neuroprotective strategies have made DHCA much safer. However, the level of evidence to support the best way to protect the brain during congenital heart surgery is insufficient. This review analyzes the history, physiology, techniques of DHCA, as well as other alternative strategies like selective cerebral perfusion and presents the current available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasis Das
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, 120/1 Andul Road, Howrah, 711103 India
| | - Nilanjan Dutta
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, 120/1 Andul Road, Howrah, 711103 India
| | - Kuntal Roy Chowdhuri
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, BM Birla Heart Research Centre, 1, National Library Avenue, Alipore, Kolkata, 700027 India
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Alphonso N, Angelini A, Barron DJ, Bellsham-Revell H, Blom NA, Brown K, Davis D, Duncan D, Fedrigo M, Galletti L, Hehir D, Herberg U, Jacobs JP, Januszewska K, Karl TR, Malec E, Maruszewski B, Montgomerie J, Pizzaro C, Schranz D, Shillingford AJ, Simpson JM. Guidelines for the management of neonates and infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome: The European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) and the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC) Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Guidelines Task Force. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2020; 58:416-499. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezaa188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Alphonso
- Queensland Pediatric Cardiac Service, Queensland Children’s Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Annalisa Angelini
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public health, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - David J Barron
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Nico A Blom
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Katherine Brown
- Paediatric Intensive Care, Heart and Lung Division, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Deborah Davis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Nemours Cardiac Center, A.I. Du Pont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Daniel Duncan
- Nemours Cardiac Center, A.I. Du Pont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Marny Fedrigo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Padua, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Galletti
- Unit of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - David Hehir
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ulrike Herberg
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Katarzyna Januszewska
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Westphalian-Wilhelm’s-University, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Edward Malec
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Westphalian-Wilhelm’s-University, Muenster, Germany
| | - Bohdan Maruszewski
- Department for Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - James Montgomerie
- Department of Anesthesia, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christian Pizzaro
- Nemours Cardiac Center, A.I. Du Pont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dietmar Schranz
- Pediatric Heart Center, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Amanda J Shillingford
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Boburg RS, Rosenberger P, Kling S, Jost W, Schlensak C, Magunia H. Selective lower body perfusion during aortic arch surgery in neonates and small children. Perfusion 2020; 35:621-625. [PMID: 31960747 PMCID: PMC7536511 DOI: 10.1177/0267659119896890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Aortic arch reconstruction surgery represents a challenge for the medical
personnel involved in treatment. Along the years, the perfusion strategies
for aortic arch reconstruction have evolved from deep hypothermic cardiac
arrest to antegrade cerebral perfusion with moderate hypothermia, and
recently to a combined cerebral and lower body perfusion with moderate
hypothermia. To achieve a lower body perfusion, several cannulation
strategies have been described. In this study, we investigated the
feasibility of utilizing an arterial sheath introduced in the femoral artery
to achieve an effective lower body perfusion. Methods: We included patients who underwent an aortic arch reconstruction surgery with
a lower body perfusion, from January 2017 to June 2019. To achieve a lower
body perfusion, a three-way stopcock was connected to the arterial line,
where one end was connected to the central cannulation for cerebral
perfusion and the other to an arterial sheath that was introduced through
the femoral artery. A total of 25 patients were included. Peri- and
postoperative lactate and creatinine levels and signs of malperfusion were
recorded. Results: During the reperfusion phase, after selective perfusion ended none of the
patients showed a significant increase in lactate, creatinine, and liver
enzyme levels. After 24 hours, there were no signs of an acute kidney
injury, femoral vessel injury, or limb malperfusion. Conclusion: These findings show that a sufficient lower body perfusion through an
arterial sheath placed in the femoral artery for aortic arch reconstruction
can be achieved. This approach caused no complications related to the
arterial sheath during the early postoperative period and is an easy way to
maintain perfusion of systemic organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Sandoval Boburg
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rosenberger
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffen Kling
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Walter Jost
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schlensak
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harry Magunia
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Hancock Friesen CL, Jaquiss RD. Commentary: Is the Slide Worth the Run? Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 32:872-873. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2020.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kulyabin Y, Bogachev-Prokophiev A, Soynov I, Omelchenko A, Zubritskiy A, Gorbatykh Y. Clinical Assessment of Perfusion Techniques During Surgical Repair of Coarctation of Aorta With Aortic Arch Hypoplasia in Neonates: A Pilot Prospective Randomized Study. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 32:860-871. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kulyabin YY, Gorbatykh YN, Soynov IA, Zubritskiy AV, Voitov AV, Bogachev-Prokophiev AV. Selective Antegrade Cerebral Perfusion With or Without Additional Lower Body Perfusion During Aortic Arch Reconstruction in Infants. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2019; 11:49-55. [PMID: 31835988 DOI: 10.1177/2150135119885887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic arch reconstruction is often challenging, especially in infants, owing to its high postoperative complication risks. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness between selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP) alone and SACP in combination with continuous lower body perfusion with descending aortic cannulation (DAC) in preserving renal function, and to determine the influence of perfusion strategy on the postoperative course of infants who underwent aortic arch reconstruction. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 121 infants who underwent aortic arch reconstruction between January 2008 and December 2018 were included in the analysis. Patients (median age: 29 days, range: 3-270 days) were divided into the following groups: those who underwent repair with SACP (SACP group, 79 patients) and those who underwent additional lower body perfusion (DAC group, 42 patients). RESULTS Three (7.1%) and nine (11.4%) patients died in the DAC and SACP groups, respectively (P = .54). The SACP group had more patients requiring renal replacement therapy (P = .002) and higher incidence of second stage acute kidney injury (AKI) development (Kidney disease improving global outcomes (KDIGO) criteria; P = .032). The SACP group had higher frequency of open chest postoperatively than the DAC group (P = .011). The DAC group had lower vasoactive inotropic score (VIS) at the first postoperative day (P < .001) and shorter intensive care unit length of stay (P = .050). There was no difference in neurological complications between the groups (P = .061). High VIS was associated with early mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 1.79 [1.33-2.41], P < .001) and AKI (OR: 1.60 [1.35-1.91], P < .001). The DAC perfusion strategy with minimal hypothermia was associated with lower risk of AKI (OR: 0.91 [0.84-0.98], P = .016). CONCLUSION Antegrade cerebral perfusion with continuous lower body perfusion via DAC could effectively be used for improving early postoperative results among infants undergoing procedures that include aortic arch reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Y Kulyabin
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yuriy N Gorbatykh
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ilya A Soynov
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexey V Zubritskiy
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexey V Voitov
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Kreuzer M, Sames-Dolzer E, Schausberger L, Tulzer A, Ratschiller T, Haizinger B, Tulzer G, Mair R. Double-arterial cannulation: a strategy for whole body perfusion during aortic arch reconstruction. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2019; 27:742-748. [PMID: 29722889 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivy147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Double-arterial cannulation enables cerebral perfusion and lower body perfusion during aortic arch reconstruction. The aim of this study was to analyse and report our experience of using this cannulation and perfusion technique on paediatric patients. METHODS A retrospective single-centre study was carried out on 407 consecutive paediatric patients who underwent an aortic arch reconstruction under double-arterial cannulation between 2003 and 2015. The median age of the patients at surgery was 8 (range 2-5570) days, and body weight was 3.3 (range 1.8-60) kg. All operations were performed through standard median sternotomy. One arterial cannula was inserted into the innominate artery and the second one into the supradiaphragmatic descending aorta. Primary end points were 30-day mortality, acute renal failure requiring dialysis and time until lactate level decreased to ≤2 mmol/l postoperatively. RESULTS We found an in-hospital mortality of 8.6%. Lethal incident was not associated with the cannulation method, and 1 intraoperative lesion of the descending aorta could be repaired immediately. The median lactate level of the patients on arrival at the intensive care unit was 3.5 mmol/l [quartile (Q)1: 2.3-Q3: 4.7] and creatinine was 0.48 mg/100 ml (Q1: 0.40-Q3: 0.58). The longest duration until the lactate level decreased to ≤ 2 mmol/l was found in the group of 264 univentricular patients (median 11 h, Q1: 6-Q3: 24). Seven (1.7%) patients of the whole cohort required peritoneal dialysis postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS Double-arterial cannulation is a simple and safe method for perfusing the brain and the lower parts of the body during aortic arch reconstruction. Perioperative survival and freedom from procedure-related complications in this demanding patient population are encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kreuzer
- Division of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Children's Heart Centre Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Eva Sames-Dolzer
- Division of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Children's Heart Centre Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Laura Schausberger
- Division of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Children's Heart Centre Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Andreas Tulzer
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Children's Heart Centre Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas Ratschiller
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Bettina Haizinger
- Clinic of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Gerald Tulzer
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Children's Heart Centre Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Mair
- Division of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Children's Heart Centre Linz, Linz, Austria
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19
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Bojan M. Recent achievements and future developments in neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass. Paediatr Anaesth 2019; 29:414-425. [PMID: 30714261 DOI: 10.1111/pan.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A primary goal of improving neonatal cardiopulmonary bypass has been making the circuit smaller and reduce the blood contacting surfaces. As bypass circuit size has decreased, bloodless surgery has become possible even in neonates. Since transfusion guidelines are difficult to construct based on existing literature, these technical advances should be taken advantage of in conjunction with an individualized transfusion scheme, based on monitoring of oxygen availability to the tissues. For the majority of neonatal heart operations, several centers have shifted toward normothermic bypass even for complex neonatal surgeries, in order to avoid the adverse effects of hypothermia. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest is no longer a necessity but an option, and selective antegrade cerebral perfusion has become common practice; however, technical uncertainties with regard to this technique have to be addressed, based on reliable neurologic monitoring. Maintenance of patient-specific heparin concentrations during bypass is another key goal, since neonates have lower baseline antithrombin concentrations and, therefore, a higher risk for inadequate thrombin inhibition and postoperative bleeding. Due to the immaturity of their hemostatic system, the standard coagulation tests alone are inappropriate to guide hemostatic therapy in neonates. The use of indirect heparin concentration assays and global viscoelastic assays in the operating room is likely to represent the optimal strategy, and requires validation in neonates. Monitoring of global and regional indexes of oxygen availability and consumption on bypass have become possible; however, their use in neonates still has outstanding technical issues which should be addressed and hence needs further validation. Due to the immaturity of the neonatal myocardium, single-shot cold cardioplegia solutions are thought to confer the best myocardial protection; their superiority when compared to more conventional modalities, however, remains to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Bojan
- Congenital Cardiac Unit, Department of Anesthesiology, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, Le Plessis Robinson, France
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20
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Hammel JM. What's Sauce for the Goose…; Why Not Treat Normal Organs as Well as Injured Ones? World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2019; 10:109-110. [PMID: 30799719 DOI: 10.1177/2150135118811348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James M Hammel
- 1 Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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21
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Lodge AJ, Andersen ND, Turek JW. Recent Advances in Congenital Heart Surgery: Alternative Perfusion Strategies for Infant Aortic Arch Repair. Curr Cardiol Rep 2019; 21:13. [PMID: 30815749 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-019-1098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This paper will discuss current cannulation strategies for infant aortic arch repair and compare them to more traditionally used techniques. RECENT FINDINGS Aortic arch reconstruction in infants has traditionally involved deep hypothermic circulatory arrest which results in total body ischemia. This has been associated with an increased risk of morbidity including bleeding, renal dysfunction, and neurologic injury. Advances in perfusion techniques have allowed for preserved perfusion to the brain during arch repair. Current techniques have further evolved that allow for continuous perfusion of the heart and even the lower body during arch reconstruction. With current techniques, aortic arch reconstruction in infants can be performed with continuous perfusion to the brain, heart, and lower body. Further technical refinements will be helpful, and study is necessary to evaluate the benefit of these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Lodge
- Duke University Medical Center, Pediatric and Congenital Heart Center, Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Box 3340, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Nicholas D Andersen
- Pediatric and Congenital Heart Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joseph W Turek
- Pediatric and Congenital Heart Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Luciani GB, Hoxha S, Angeli E, Petridis F, Careddu L, Rungatscher A, Caputo M, Gargiulo G. Selective versus standard cerebro-myocardial perfusion in neonates undergoing aortic arch repair: A multi-center study. Artif Organs 2019; 43:728-735. [PMID: 30698825 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The results of neonatal aortic arch surgery using cerebro-myocardial perfusion were analyzed. Selective cerebral and myocardial perfusion, using two separate pump rotors, was compared with standard perfusion, using a single pump rotor with an arterial line Y-connector. Between May 2008 and May 2016, 69 consecutive neonates underwent arch repair using either selective cerebro-myocardial perfusion (Group A, n = 34) or standard perfusion (Group B, n = 35). The groups were similar for age, weight, BSA, prevalence of one-stage or staged repair, and single ventricle palliation; male gender was more frequent in Group A. The duration of the cerebro-myocardial perfusion was comparable (27 ± 8 vs. 28 ± 7 min, P = 0.9), with higher flows in Group A (57 ± 27 vs. 39 ± 19 mL/kg/min, P = 0.01). Although cardioplegic arrest was more common in Group B (13/34 vs. 23/35, P = 0.03), the duration of myocardial ischemia was longer in Group A (64 ± 41 vs. 44 ± 14 min, P = 0.04). There was 1 hospital death in each group, with no permanent neurological injury in either group. Cardiac morbidity (1/34 vs. 7/35, P = 0.02) was more common in Group B, while extracardiac morbidity was similar in both the groups. During follow-up (3.2 ± 2.4 years), 5 late deaths occurred with a comparable 5-year survival rate (75 ± 17% vs. 88 ± 6%, P = 0.7) and freedom from arch reintervention (86 ± 6% vs. 84 ± 7%, P = 0.6). Risk of cardiac morbidity was greater with standard cerebro-myocardial perfusion (OR = 5.2, CI 3.3-6.8, P = 0.001) and with perfusion flows less than 50 mL/kg/min (OR 3.7, CI 1.87-5.95, P = 0.04). Cerebro-myocardial perfusion is a safe and effective strategy to protect the brain and heart in neonates undergoing arch repair. Selective techniques using higher perfusion flows may further attenuate cardiac morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stiljan Hoxha
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Emanuela Angeli
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Lucio Careddu
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Caputo
- Bristol Heart Center, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gaetano Gargiulo
- Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Double Arterial Cannulation in the Critical Management of Neonatal Aortic Arch Obstruction With Closed Ductus Arteriosus. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2019; 10:105-108. [DOI: 10.1177/2150135118790944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The neonatal management of critical aortic arch obstruction in association with an arterial duct that remains closed or significantly constricted requires urgent surgical repair, with a postoperative focus on resolving the impaired function of compromised organs. Here, we present two neonatal cases illustrating the use of the dual arterial cannulation perfusion method in the complete repair of interrupted aortic arch and critical coarctation of the aorta with nonfunctional ductus arteriosus. We suggest that dual arterial cannulation, which provides total body perfusion (with the exception of cardiac perfusion during cardioplegic arrest of the heart), may be a good alternative to other perfusion strategies in cases of absent ductal blood flow, as this method allowed us to avoid the further development of severe multiple organ failure.
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24
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Hammel JM. Supplemental Perfusion Techniques for Aortic Arch Reconstruction, With Emphasis on Direct Cannulation of the Descending Aorta. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 2019; 22:14-20. [PMID: 31027558 DOI: 10.1053/j.pcsu.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The established techniques of deep hypothermia with circulatory arrest and regional cerebral perfusion expose infants and children to additional physiologic stress and deleterious effects which may adversely affect the outcome of operations involving reconstruction of the aortic arch. Alternative techniques to supplement perfusion support are an area of innovation today. The most effective adjunct for somatic perfusion during arch reconstruction is direct cannulation of the innominate artery and the descending aorta, with full flow at mild hypothermia distributed throughout the entire body just as it is during routine, single cannulation surgery with an intact aorta. Detailed facilitating techniques for descending aortic cannulation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Hammel
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.
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25
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Raees MA, Bichell DP. Direct Splanchnic Perfusion Safely Avoids Deep Hypothermia. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu 2018; 21:28-32. [PMID: 29425522 DOI: 10.1053/j.pcsu.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Deep hypothermia for the operative correction of congenital cardiac lesions protects hypoperfused organs, mostly because of its effect on lowering metabolic demand and oxygen requirement. Deleterious cerebral and extracranial side effects of deep hypothermia itself calls for a reexamination of the therapeutic value of hypothermia, and has led to the development of alternative perfusion strategies. Here we describe the potential advantages of milder hypothermia over deep hypothermia and our method of a practical and reproducible implementation of multisite perfusion under mild hypothermia (32°C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aanish Raees
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN, USA..
| | - David P Bichell
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN, USA
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26
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Fernández-Doblas J, Ortega-Loubon C, Pérez-Andreu J, Linés M, Fernández-Molina M, Abella RF. Selective visceral perfusion improves renal flow and hepatic function in neonatal aortic arch repair. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2018; 27:395-401. [PMID: 29590367 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivy091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aortic arch repair in the neonatal period is a complex procedure with significant morbidity. We define a useful double-perfusion technique and its effect on the function of abdominal organs in the postoperative course. METHODS Nine patients with double perfusion (Group 1) were compared with 14 patients with antegrade cerebral perfusion (Group 2). The objective was to discern the incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury and impaired hepatic function, as well as tissue perfusion and myocardial function parameters. Mechanical ventilation time, postoperative length of stay and 30-day mortality were measured. We excluded patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, early mortality (<72 h) and preoperative renal or hepatic insufficiency. RESULTS Nine (39%) patients developed postoperative acute kidney injury, with 22% (n = 2) in Group 1 and 50% (n = 7) in Group 2 (P = 0.183). A higher urine output was observed during the first 24 h for Group 1 (P = 0.032). Eleven patients developed impaired hepatic function in the immediate postoperative period: 2 (18.2%) in Group 1 and 9 (81.8%) in Group 2 (P = 0.04). The international normalized ratio (P = 0.006-0.031) and prothrombin time (P = 0.007-P = 0.016) were significantly lower in the double-perfusion group during the first 72 h. Significant difference was observed in lactate levels in the first 72 h (P = 0.001-0.009). There was no postoperative mortality in either group. CONCLUSIONS Selective visceral perfusion is a safe procedure that provides a better urine output, hepatic function and tissue perfusion. This technique allows for the repair of complex aortic arch anomalies in neonates without deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joaquín Pérez-Andreu
- Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcos Linés
- Neonatal Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Raúl F Abella
- Department of Paediatric Cardiac Surgery, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Low perfusion pressure is associated with renal tubular injury in infants undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2018; 35:581-587. [DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000000782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ramachandran P, Khoury PR, Beekman RH, Michelfelder EC, Manning PB, Tweddell JS, Cnota JF. Preoperative Aortic Arch Size and Late Outcome After Coarctation Repair by Lateral Thoracotomy. Ann Thorac Surg 2018; 106:575-580. [PMID: 29733824 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2018.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The approach (lateral thoracotomy versus median sternotomy) to repair coarctation of the aorta is frequently based on arch dimensions from the preoperative echocardiogram. Few studies have assessed the relationship between preoperative arch dimensions and late postoperative outcome. This study aimed to define how preoperative arch dimensions relate to late outcomes and identify long-term predictors of a successful operation. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of 102 neonates and infants undergoing isolated coarctation repair by lateral thoracotomy between 2003 and 2012. Long-term surgical success was defined based on the following five factors: corrected arch gradient below 20 mm Hg, blood pressure cuff gradient below 15 mm Hg, systolic blood pressure below the 95th percentile during the clinic visit, no antihypertensive medication use, and freedom from reintervention. Regression analysis was performed to identify factors that would predict the need for reintervention and long-term success. RESULTS At a median of 6 years of follow-up, long-term success was achieved in 63% (56 of 89) of patients, and 94% (96 of 102) were free of reintervention. Bivariate analysis showed that patients requiring reintervention had smaller absolute isthmus dimension (p = 0.04). No significant predictors for reintervention or long-term success could be identified, although a larger distal transverse arch dimension may play a role in long-term success (hazard ratio, 0.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.05 to 1.0; p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS Aortic arches of various dimensions were successfully repaired by lateral thoracotomy. No significant predictors for reintervention or long-term success could be identified, although the distal transverse arch dimension may play a role in long-term success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Ramachandran
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Kentucky Children's Hospital, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.
| | - Philip R Khoury
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Robert H Beekman
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Erik C Michelfelder
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Sibley Heart Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Peter B Manning
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - James S Tweddell
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James F Cnota
- The Heart Institute, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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29
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Sturmer D, Beaty C, Clingan S, Jenkins E, Peters W, Si MS. Recent innovations in perfusion and cardiopulmonary bypass for neonatal and infant cardiac surgery. Transl Pediatr 2018; 7:139-150. [PMID: 29770295 PMCID: PMC5938255 DOI: 10.21037/tp.2018.03.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and refinement of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has made the repair of complex congenital heart defects possible in neonates and infants. In the past, the primary goal for these procedures was patient survival. Now that substantial survival rates have been achieved for even the most complex of repairs in these patients, focus has been given to the reduction of morbidity. Although a necessity for these complex neonatal and infant heart defect repairs, CPB can also be an important source of perioperative complications. Recent innovations have been developed to mitigate these risks and is the topic of this review. Specifically, we will discuss improvements in minimizing blood transfusions, CPB circuit design, monitoring, perfusion techniques, temperature management, and myocardial protection, and then conclude with a brief discussion of how further systematic improvements can be made in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sturmer
- Department of Perfusion, University of Michigan C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Claude Beaty
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sean Clingan
- Deprtment of Perfusion, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eric Jenkins
- Department of Perfusion, University of Michigan C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Whitney Peters
- Department of Perfusion, University of Michigan C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ming-Sing Si
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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30
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Hoxha S, Abbasciano RG, Sandrini C, Rossetti L, Menon T, Barozzi L, Linardi D, Rungatscher A, Faggian G, Luciani GB. Selective Cerebro-Myocardial Perfusion in Complex Neonatal Aortic Arch Pathology: Midterm Results. Artif Organs 2018; 42:457-463. [PMID: 29508410 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Aortic arch repair in newborns and infants has traditionally been accomplished using a period of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. To reduce neurologic and cardiac dysfunction related to circulatory arrest and myocardial ischemia during complex aortic arch surgery, an alternative and novel strategy for cerebro-myocardial protection was recently developed, where regional low-flow perfusion is combined with controlled and independent coronary perfusion. The aim of the present retrospective study was to assess short-term and mid-term results of selective and independent cerebro-myocardial perfusion in neonatal aortic arch surgery. From April 2008 to August 2015, 28 consecutive neonates underwent aortic arch surgery under cerebro-myocardial perfusion. There were 17 male and 11 female, with median age of 15 days (3-30 days) and median body weight of 3 kg (1.6-4.2 kg), 9 (32%) of whom with low body weight (<2.5 kg). The spectrum of pathologies treated was heterogeneous and included 13 neonates having single-stage biventricular repair (46%), 7 staged biventricular repair (25%), and 8 single-ventricle repair (29%). All operations were performed under moderate hypothermia and with a "beating heart and brain." Average cardiopulmonary bypass time was 131 ± 64 min (42-310 min). A period of cardiac arrest to complete intra-cardiac repair was required in nine patients (32%), and circulatory arrest in 1 to repair total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Average time of splanchnic ischemia during cerebro-myocardial perfusion was 30 ± 11 min (15-69 min). Renal dysfunction, requiring a period of peritoneal dialysis was observed in 10 (36%) patients, while liver dysfunction was noted only in 3 (11%). There were three (11%) early and two late deaths during a median follow-up of 2.9 years (range 6 months-7.7 years), with an actuarial survival of 82% at 7 years. At latest follow-up, no patient showed signs of cardiac or neurologic dysfunction. The present experience shows that a strategy of selective and independent cerebro-myocardial perfusion is safe, versatile, and feasible in high-risk neonates with complex congenital arch pathology. Encouraging outcomes were noted in terms of cardiac and neurological function, with limited end-organ morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stiljan Hoxha
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Giuseppe Abbasciano
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Rossetti
- Division of Cardiology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Tiziano Menon
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Barozzi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Daniele Linardi
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessio Rungatscher
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Faggian
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Luciani
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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31
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Corno AF, Smith P, Bezuska L, Mimic B. Is Decellularized Porcine Small Intestine Sub-mucosa Patch Suitable for Aortic Arch Repair? Front Pediatr 2018; 6:149. [PMID: 29900163 PMCID: PMC5989640 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: We reviewed our experience with decellularized porcine small intestine sub-mucosa (DPSIS) patch, recently introduced for congenital heart defects. Materials and Methods: Between 10/2011 and 04/2016 a DPSIS patch was used in 51 patients, median age 1.1 months (5 days to 14.5 years), for aortic arch reconstruction (45/51 = 88.2%) or aortic coarctation repair (6/51 = 11.8%). All medical records were retrospectively reviewed, with primary endpoints interventional procedure (balloon dilatation) or surgery (DPSIS patch replacement) due to patch-related complications. Results: In a median follow-up time of 1.5 ± 1.1 years (0.6-2.3years) in 13/51 patients (25.5%) a re-intervention, percutaneous interventional procedure (5/51 = 9.8%) or re-operation (8/51 = 15.7%) was required because of obstruction in the correspondence of the DPSIS patch used to enlarge the aortic arch/isthmus, with median max velocity flow at Doppler interrogation of 4.0 ± 0.51 m/s. Two patients required surgery after failed interventional cardiology. The mean interval between DPSIS patch implantation and re-intervention (percutaneous procedure or re-operation) was 6 months (1-17 months). While there were 3 hospital deaths (3/51 = 5.9%) not related to the patch implantation, no early or late mortality occurred for the subsequent procedure required for DPSIS patch interventional cardiology or surgery. The median max velocity flow at Doppler interrogation through the aortic arch/isthmus for the patients who did not require interventional procedure or surgery was 1.7 ± 0.57 m/s. Conclusions: High incidence of re-interventions with DPSIS patch for aortic arch and/or coarctation forced us to use alternative materials (homografts and decellularized gluteraldehyde preserved bovine pericardial matrix).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F Corno
- East Midlands Congenital Heart Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Smith
- East Midlands Congenital Heart Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Laurynas Bezuska
- East Midlands Congenital Heart Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Branko Mimic
- East Midlands Congenital Heart Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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32
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Mylonas KS, Tzani A, Metaxas P, Schizas D, Boikou V, Economopoulos KP. Blood Versus Crystalloid Cardioplegia in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pediatr Cardiol 2017; 38:1527-1539. [PMID: 28948337 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-017-1732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The benefit of blood cardioplegia (BCP) compared to crystalloid cardioplegia (CCP) is still debatable. Our aim was to systematically review and synthesize all available evidence on the use of BCP and CCP to assess if any modality provides superior outcomes in pediatric cardiac surgery. A systematic literature search of the PubMed and Cochrane databases was performed with respect to the PRISMA statement (end-of-search date: January 30th, 2017). We extracted data on study design, demographics, cardioplegia regimens, and perioperative outcomes as well as relevant biochemical markers, namely cardiac troponin I (cTnI), lactate, and ATP levels at baseline, after reperfusion and postoperatively at 1, 4, 12, and 24 h as applicable. Data were appropriately pooled using random and mixed effects models. Our systematic review includes 56 studies reporting on a total of 7711 pediatric patients. A meta-analysis of the 10 eligible studies directly comparing BCP (n = 416) to CCP (n = 281) was also performed. There was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to cTnI and Lac at any measured time point, ATP levels after reperfusion, length of intensive care unit stay (WMD: -0.08, 95% CI -1.52 to 1.36), length of hospital stay (WMD: 0.13, 95% CI -0.85 to 1.12), and 30-day mortality (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.43-2.88). Only cTnI levels at 4 h postoperatively were significantly lower with BCP (WMD: -1.62, 95% CI -2.07 to -1.18). Based on the available data, neither cardioplegia modality seems to be superior in terms of clinical outcomes, ischemia severity, and overall functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos S Mylonas
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Warren 11, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Surgery Working Group, Society of Junior Doctors, Athens, Greece.
| | - Aspasia Tzani
- Surgery Working Group, Society of Junior Doctors, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Schizas
- Surgery Working Group, Society of Junior Doctors, Athens, Greece.,First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos P Economopoulos
- Surgery Working Group, Society of Junior Doctors, Athens, Greece.,Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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33
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Bichell D. Neonatal Arch Reconstruction: Guiding Principles, Some Misguided Ones, and a Few More That Don't Matter. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 29:S1043-0679(17)30301-5. [PMID: 29197613 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Bichell
- Monroe Carell, Jr. Children's Hospital, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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34
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Murtuza B, Alsoufi B. Current Readings on Surgery for the Neonate With Hypoplastic Aortic Arch. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 29:S1043-0679(17)30294-0. [PMID: 29180283 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aortic arch hypoplasia is commonly present in neonates born with ductal-dependent coarctation of the aorta. The ideal surgical repair of neonates with proximal arch hypoplasia continues to be debated. Controversy exists about the fate of the hypoplastic proximal aortic arch following surgical repair and whether that will eventually grow to normal size upon relief of the distal obstruction or will persist as a residual lesion that can affect the long-term outlook of those patients. There is new evidence that residual proximal arch hypoplasia and the shape of the reconstructed arch both have an important impact on vascular remodeling and on the subsequent development of hypertension. Those concerns about late outcomes despite what was originally deemed a successful repair in infancy, coupled with improved cardiopulmonary bypass and cerebral perfusion techniques that allow surgeons to address proximal arch hypoplasia with low morbidity, have rekindled the debate on how to address proximal arch hypoplasia, with the aim to offer a neonatal surgery that would last for a lifetime and provide both optimal early recovery and late freedom from hypertension and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bari Murtuza
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bahaaldin Alsoufi
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
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35
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Raees MA, Morgan CD, Pinto VL, Westrick AC, Shannon CN, Christian KG, Mettler BA, Bichell DP. Neonatal Aortic Arch Reconstruction With Direct Splanchnic Perfusion Avoids Deep Hypothermia. Ann Thorac Surg 2017; 104:2054-2063. [PMID: 28709662 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal aortic arch reconstruction, typically performed with deep hypothermia and selective cerebral perfusion, leaves splanchnic organ protection dependent on hypothermia alone. A simplified method of direct in-field descending aortic perfusion during neonatal arch reconstruction permits the avoidance of deep hypothermia. We hypothesize that direct splanchnic perfusion at mild hypothermia provides improved or equivalent safety compared with deep hypothermia and may contribute to postoperative extracardiac organ recovery. METHODS Included were 138 biventricular patients aged younger than 90 days undergoing aortic arch reconstruction with cardiopulmonary bypass. Patients were grouped according to perfusion method A (selective cerebral perfusion with deep hyperthermia at 18° to 20°C) or method B (selective cerebral perfusion and splanchnic perfusion at 30° to 32°C). Patient characteristics and perioperative clinical and serologic data were analyzed. Significance was assigned for p of less than 0.05. RESULTS Of the 138 survivors, 63 underwent method A and 75 underwent method B. The median age at operation was 8.5 days (range, 6 to 15 days), and median weight was 3.2 kg (range, 2.8 to 3.73 kg), with no significant differences between groups. Cardiopulmonary bypass times were comparable between the two perfusion methods (p = 0.255) as were the ascending aortic cross-clamp times (p = 0.737). The postoperative glomerular filtration rate was significantly different between our groups (p = 0.028 to 0.044), with method B achieving a higher glomerular filtration rate. No significant differences were seen in ventilator time, postoperative length of stay, fractional increase of postoperative serum creatinine over preoperative serum creatinine, and postoperative lactate. CONCLUSIONS A simplified method of direct splanchnic perfusion during neonatal aortic arch reconstruction avoids the use of deep hypothermia and provides renal protection at least as effective as deep hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aanish Raees
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Children's Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Venessa L Pinto
- Critical Care Section, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ashly C Westrick
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Chevis N Shannon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Karla G Christian
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Children's Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bret A Mettler
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Children's Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David P Bichell
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Children's Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee.
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36
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Meyer DB, Jacobs JP, Hill K, Wallace AS, Bateson B, Jacobs ML. Variation in Perfusion Strategies for Neonatal and Infant Aortic Arch Repair: Contemporary Practice in the STS Congenital Heart Surgery Database. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2017; 7:638-44. [PMID: 27587503 DOI: 10.1177/2150135116658458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regional cerebral perfusion (RCP) is used as an adjunct or alternative to deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) for neonates and infants undergoing aortic arch repair. Clinical studies have not demonstrated clear superiority of either strategy, and multicenter data regarding current use of these strategies are lacking. We sought to describe the variability in contemporary practice patterns for use of these techniques. METHODS The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database (2010-2013) was queried to identify neonates and infants whose index operation involved aortic arch repair with cardiopulmonary bypass. Perfusion strategy was classified as isolated DHCA, RCP (with less than or equal to ten minutes of DHCA), or mixed (RCP with more than ten minutes of DHCA). Data were analyzed for the entire cohort and stratified by operation subgroups. RESULTS Overall, 4,523 patients (105 centers) were identified; median age seven days (interquartile range: 5.0-13.0). The most prevalent perfusion strategy was RCP (43%). Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and mixed perfusion accounted for 32% and 16% of cases, respectively. In all, 59% of operations involved some period of RCP. Regional cerebral perfusion was the most prevalent perfusion strategy for each operation subgroup. Neither age nor weight was associated with perfusion strategy, but reoperations were less likely to use RCP (31% vs 45%, P < .001). The combined duration of RCP and DHCA in the RCP group was longer than the DHCA time in the DHCA group (45 vs 36 minutes, P < .001). CONCLUSION There is considerable variability in practice regarding perfusion strategies for arch repair in neonates and infants. In contemporary practice, RCP is the most prevalent perfusion strategy for these procedures. Use of DHCA is also common. Further investigation is warranted to ascertain possible relative merits of the various perfusion techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Meyer
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Jacobs
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins All Children's Heart Institute, All Children's and Florida Hospital for Children, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, St Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Kevin Hill
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Amelia S Wallace
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brian Bateson
- Division of Surgery, Children's Hospital of Georgia, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Marshall L Jacobs
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins All Children's Heart Institute, All Children's and Florida Hospital for Children, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, St Petersburg, FL, USA
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37
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Anagnostopoulos PV. When to repair coarctation associated with hypoplastic aortic arch through the front: Are we asking the questions that really matter? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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38
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Park SK, Hur M, Kim E, Kim WH, Park JB, Kim Y, Yang JH, Jun TG, Kim CS. Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury after Congenital Cardiac Surgery in Infants and Children: A Retrospective Observational Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166328. [PMID: 27832187 PMCID: PMC5104485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) after pediatric cardiac surgery is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Modifiable risk factors for postoperative AKI including perioperative anesthesia-related parameters were assessed. The authors conducted a single-center, retrospective cohort study of 220 patients (aged 10 days to 19 years) who underwent congenital cardiac surgery between January and December 2012. The incidence of AKI within 7 days postoperatively was determined using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. Ninety-two patients (41.8%) developed AKI and 18 (8.2%) required renal replacement therapy within the first postoperative week. Among patients who developed AKI, 57 patients (25.9%) were KDIGO stage 1, 27 patients (12.3%) were KDIGO stage 2, and eight patients (3.6%) were KDIGO stage 3. RACHS-1 (Risk-Adjusted classification for Congenital Heart Surgery) category, perioperative transfusion and fluid administration as well as fluid overload were compared between patients with and without AKI. Multivariable logistic regression analyses determined the risk factors for AKI. AKI was associated with longer hospital stay or ICU stay, and frequent sternal wound infections. Younger age (<12 months) [odds ratio (OR), 4.01; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.77–9.06], longer cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time (OR, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.24–4.84), and low preoperative hemoglobin (OR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.07–5.40) were independent risk factors for AKI. Fluid overload was not a significant predictor for AKI. When a variable of hemoglobin concentration increase (>3 g/dl) from preoperative level on POD1 was entered into the multivariable analysis, it was independently associated with postoperative AKI (OR, 6.51; 95% CI, 2.23–19.03 compared with no increase). This association was significant after adjustment with patient demographics, medication history and RACHS-1 category (hemoglobin increase >3g/dl vs. no increase: adjusted OR, 6.94; 95% CI, 2.33–20.69), regardless of different age groups and cyanotic or non-cyanotic heart disease. Prospective trials are required to evaluate whether correction of preoperative anemia and prevention of hemoconcentration may ameliorate postoperative AKI in patients who underwent congenital cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Kyung Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hur
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ho Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Jung Bo Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyuk Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gook Jun
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Su Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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39
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Tulzer A, Mair R, Kreuzer M, Tulzer G. Outcome of aortic arch reconstruction in infants with coarctation: Importance of operative approach. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 152:1506-1513.e1. [PMID: 27692955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Coarctation with hypoplastic aortic arch can be treated with resection and extended end-to-end anastomosis (REEEA) as well as end-to-side anastomosis (ESA). The aim of the study was to review our experience with these techniques in newborns and infants and to assess mid-term outcome with regards to morbidity, mortality, and reintervention rate in relation to operative access and technique. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective review of hospital charts and surgical reports from 183 consecutive newborns and infants with coarctation and hypoplastic aortic arch with or without ventricular septal defect between 1996 and 2013. Median age at surgery was 15 days (0-345). Lateral thoracotomy was used as operative access in 111 patients; 72 patients had a median sternotomy, 71 of them with cardiopulmonary bypass (ESA n = 30, REEEA n = 41). Fifty-two patients (28.4%) had an additional ventricular septal defect closure. Follow-up data were available for 75.96% with a median follow-up of 6.3 years (0.2-18.16 years). RESULTS Thirty-day mortality was 0.54% with no late mortality occurring during follow-up. There was 1 severe complication: paraplegia and cerebral hypoxemia after REEEA. Freedom from mortality and reintervention at 10 years was 99.27% and 90.12%, respectively. Lateral thoracotomy as operative access was a risk factor for recurrent obstruction (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS REEEA and ESA were safe and effective treatments in newborns and infants. In borderline cases, aortic arch reconstruction should be performed through a median sternotomy on bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Tulzer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Heart Center Linz, Kepler University Clinic, Linz, Austria.
| | - Rudolf Mair
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Children's Heart Center Linz, Kepler University Clinic, Linz, Austria
| | - Michaela Kreuzer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Children's Heart Center Linz, Kepler University Clinic, Linz, Austria
| | - Gerald Tulzer
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Heart Center Linz, Kepler University Clinic, Linz, Austria
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Piggott KD, Soni M, Decampli WM, Ramirez JA, Holbein D, Fakioglu H, Blanco CJ, Pourmoghadam KK. Acute Kidney Injury and Fluid Overload in Neonates Following Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2016; 6:401-6. [PMID: 26180155 DOI: 10.1177/2150135115586814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) and fluid overload have been shown to increase morbidity and mortality. The reported incidence of AKI in pediatric patients following surgery for congenital heart disease is between 15% and 59%. Limited data exist looking at risk factors and outcomes of AKI or fluid overload in neonates undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease. METHODS Neonates aged 6 to 29 days who underwent surgery for congenital heart disease and who were without preoperative kidney disease were included in the study. The AKI was determined utilizing the Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria. RESULTS Ninety-five neonates were included in the study. The incidence of neonatal AKI was 45% (n = 43), of which 86% had stage 1 AKI. Risk factors for AKI included cardiopulmonary bypass time, selective cerebral perfusion, preoperative aminoglycoside use, small kidneys by renal ultrasound, and risk adjustment for congenital heart surgery category. There were eight mortalities (five from stage 1 AKI group, three from stage 2, and zero from stage 3). Fluid overload and AKI both increased hospital length of stay and postoperative ventilator days. CONCLUSION To avoid increased risk of morbidity and possibly mortality, every attempt should be made to identify and intervene on those risk factors, which may be modifiable or identifiable preoperatively, such as small kidneys by renal ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt D Piggott
- Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care, The Heart Center at Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Meshal Soni
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - William M Decampli
- Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Heart Center at Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Jorge A Ramirez
- Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children Hewell Kids Kidney Center, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Dianna Holbein
- Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care, The Heart Center at Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Harun Fakioglu
- Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care, The Heart Center at Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Carlos J Blanco
- Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care, The Heart Center at Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Kamal K Pourmoghadam
- Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Heart Center at Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
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Kornilov IA, Sinelnikov YS, Soinov IA, Ponomarev DN, Kshanovskaya MS, Krivoshapkina AA, Gorbatykh AV, Omelchenko AY. Outcomes after aortic arch reconstruction for infants: deep hypothermic circulatory arrest versus moderate hypothermia with selective antegrade cerebral perfusion. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015; 48:e45-50. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezv235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Luciani GB. Perfusion strategies for aortic arch surgery: trends and evidence. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 47:924-5. [DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezu337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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