1
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Guilbert É, Arguin H, Bélanger M. Migration of etonogestrel subcutaneous contraceptive implants: systematic review and recommendations for practice. EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2024; 29:115-130. [PMID: 38712717 DOI: 10.1080/13625187.2024.2342919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Migration is a rare but serious complication of the etonogestrel contraceptive implant, and little is known about its extent. PURPOSE To document and characterise cases of etonogestrel contraceptive implant migration in the scientific literature. METHODS A systematic review of Medline, Embase and Global Health databases was carried out between January 2000 and January 2023 to identify articles presenting implant migrations. Narrative reviews, conference abstracts and articles not written in English or French were excluded. RESULTS Forty-five articles, mostly published since 2016, were identified (eight case series and 37 case reports), for a total of 148 independent cases of migration: in pulmonary blood vessels (n = 74), in non-pulmonary blood vessels (n = 16) and extravascular (n = 58). Many patients are asymptomatic and migration is often an incidental finding. A non-palpable implant and symptoms related to implant location (intra- or extra-vascular) may be indicative of migration. Inadequate insertion and normal or underweight appear to increase the risk of migration. Scientific societies and authors offer practical strategies to deal with implant migration. CONCLUSION Professionals who insert and remove contraceptive implants must be adequately trained. They need to be on the lookout for implant migration, and promptly refer patients to appropriate care if migration is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Édith Guilbert
- Direction of the Development of Individuals and Communities, Quebec National Institute of Public Health, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hélène Arguin
- Direction of the Development of Individuals and Communities, Quebec National Institute of Public Health, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Bélanger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Maybury EK, Affrin ZC, Popa C, Fowler M, Laliberte BD, Clarke SC. Nexplanonectomy-the surgical removal of an embolized implanted contraceptive device: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2024; 18:234. [PMID: 38698425 PMCID: PMC11064350 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nexplanon implants are a common hormonal contraceptive modality. Though rare, these devices can embolize into the injured wall of the basilic vein, through the right heart, and finally wedge itself into a pulmonary artery. With adherence to the arterial wall over time, it becomes less amenable to endovascular retrieval. Patients may present with symptoms mimicking a pulmonary embolism, or without any symptoms at all. In asymptomatic cases, endovascular retrieval and/or surgery is required when patients wish to begin having children prior to biological inactivity. The current literature showed as little as nine case reports detailing lung tissue removal in the aim of reversing a patient's implanted contraceptive device. CASE PRESENTATION A 22-year-old asymptomatic active-duty Caucasian female presented for elective outpatient Nexplanon removal. The suspicion of possible implant migration arose when it was discovered to be non-palpable in her left arm. After plain film x-rays failed to localize the implant, a chest x-ray and follow-up Computed Tomography (CT) scan revealed that the Nexplanon had migrated to a distal branch of the left pulmonary artery. Due to the patient's strong desires to begin having children, the decision was made for removal. Initial endovascular retrieval failed due to Nexplanon encapsulation within the arterial wall. Ultimately, the patient underwent a left video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for exploration and left lower lobe basilar S7-9 segmentectomy, which successfully removed the Nexplanon. CONCLUSIONS Implanted contraceptive devices can rarely result in migration to the pulmonary vasculature. These radiopaque devices are detectable on imaging studies if patients and clinicians are unable to palpate them. An endovascular approach should be considered first to spare lung tissue and avoid chest-wall incisions, but can be complicated by encapsulation and adherence to adjacent tissue. A VATS procedure with single-lung ventilation via a double-lumen endotracheal tube allows surgeons to safely operate on an immobilized lung while anesthesiologists facilitate single-lung ventilation. This patient's case details the uncommon phenomenon of Nexplanon migration, and the exceedingly rare treatment resolution of lung resection to remove an embolized device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward K Maybury
- Naval Medical Center San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Drive, San Diego, CA, 92134, USA.
| | - Zachary C Affrin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Christian Popa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Max Fowler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Bryan D Laliberte
- Department of Anesthesiology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Sarah C Clarke
- Darnall Medical Library, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
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3
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Grange R, Magand N, Grand N, Leroy S, Corsini T, Azarnoush K, Grange S. Endovascular retrieval of a migrated contraceptive implant into the pulmonary artery : case report and review of literature. CVIR Endovasc 2024; 7:35. [PMID: 38581571 PMCID: PMC10998818 DOI: 10.1186/s42155-024-00450-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The migration of contraceptive devices into pulmonary arteries is extremely rare, reported to be 1 in 100,000. CASE PRESENTATION A 19-year-old female presented no sensation of a contraceptive implant in her arm which had been placed one year prior. A CT scan confirmed that the implant had migrated into the left lower segmentary pulmonary artery. After a multidisciplinary meeting, an endovascular approach was attempted. Following right femoral venous access, a 8F NeuronMax® introducer was placed into the left pulmonary artery under fluoroscopic guidance. The contraceptive device was removed using a 25-mm loop snare, with a proximal capture technique. The patient was discharged the following day, with no reported complications. CONCLUSION In cases of contraceptive device migration, the first medical decision involves deciding between removal or 'watching and waiting'. Previous reports describe two removal options: endovascular or surgical approaches. Fourteen reports have been published, with high technical success and low rates of complications. The loop snare technique is described as the optimal technique for an endovascular approach. Due to their invasive nature, surgical approaches should be reserved for cases of endovascular removal failure, after evaluating risks and benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Grange
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Avenue Albert Raimond, 42270, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France.
| | - Nicolas Magand
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Avenue Albert Raimond, 42270, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Nathalie Grand
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Stéphanie Leroy
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Thomas Corsini
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Kasra Azarnoush
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - Sylvain Grange
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Avenue Albert Raimond, 42270, Saint-Priest-en-Jarez, France
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4
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Murshed I, Hon K, Ramponi F. Endovascular retrieval of a symptomatic subdermal contraceptive implant device (Implanon-NXT) lodged in the left pulmonary artery. ANZ J Surg 2023; 93:402-403. [PMID: 35662371 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishraq Murshed
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kay Hon
- Department of Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Fabio Ramponi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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5
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Clermidy H, Fabre D, Hugues JN, Alonso CG, Mitilian D, Mercier O, Brenot P, Charbonneau P, Fadel E. Management of etonogestrel implant migration into the pulmonary artery. Contraception 2022; 113:62-67. [PMID: 35351447 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the relationship between time since contraceptive implant placement and retrieval outcomes in patients with implant migration into the pulmonary artery. STUDY DESIGN We reviewed all cases of pulmonary artery implant migration referred to the Marie Lannelongue hospital from 2015 through 2020. Using our hospital database, we collected patients' clinical data and removal information to assess the success of therapeutic management according to the delay between implant insertion and removal. RESULTS We identified eight cases. Physicians located two in the upper and six in the lower lobe. Five patients had associated pulmonary symptoms, most commonly, chest pain and dyspnea. Physicians attempted an endovascular procedure in all cases with successful removal in three patients. In the five failures, angiography displayed arterial thrombosis distal to the implant. These patients had successful removal with an open mini-thoracotomy (<5 cm). None of the eight patients had serious post-operative complications. For the three patients with successful endovascular retrieval, two had early diagnosis (≤ 3 months). CONCLUSION Endovascular approach with angiography should be performed as a first line treatment modality. Endothelialization and fibrosis within the vessel represent the principal limitations of endovascular strategy, but a retrieval could be attempted anyway with caution. In case of failure, an open approach is required. IMPLICATIONS STATEMENT When a migration into the pulmonary artery is diagnosed, health care professionals should refer patients as soon as possible to a tertiary center with a vascular surgery/interventional radiology and thoracic surgery departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Clermidy
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Marie-Lannelongue Hospital, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris Saclay University, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Dominique Fabre
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Marie-Lannelongue Hospital, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris Saclay University, Le Plessis Robinson, France..
| | - Jean Noel Hugues
- Unit of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics-Gynaecology, Hopital Jean Verdier, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Brondy, France
| | - Carlos Garcia Alonso
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Marie-Lannelongue Hospital, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris Saclay University, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Delphine Mitilian
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Marie-Lannelongue Hospital, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris Saclay University, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Olaf Mercier
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Marie-Lannelongue Hospital, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris Saclay University, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Philippe Brenot
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Marie-Lannelongue Hospital, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris Saclay University, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Philippe Charbonneau
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Marie-Lannelongue Hospital, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris Saclay University, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Elie Fadel
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Marie-Lannelongue Hospital, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris Saclay University, Le Plessis Robinson, France
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6
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Trans-parenchymal thoracoscopic retrieval of Nexplanon pulmonary embolism. JTCVS Tech 2022; 13:240-241. [PMID: 35711234 PMCID: PMC9196255 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjtc.2022.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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7
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Rocca ML, Palumbo AR, Visconti F, Di Carlo C. Safety and Benefits of Contraceptives Implants: A Systematic Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:548. [PMID: 34201123 PMCID: PMC8229462 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Progestin-only contraceptive implants provide long-acting, highly effective reversible contraception. We searched the medical publications in PubMed, CENTRAL, and EMBASE for relevant articles on hormonal implants published in English between 1990 and 2021. Levonorgestrel (LNG) 6-capsule subdermal implants represented the first effective system approved for reversible contraception. The etonogestrel (ENG) single rod dispositive has been widely employed in clinical practice, since it is a highly effective and safe contraceptive method. Abnormal menstrual bleeding is a common ENG side effect, representing the main reason for its premature discontinuation. Emerging evidence demonstrated that it is possible to extend the use of the ENG implant beyond the three-year period for which it is approved. The ENG implant could be an effective and discrete alternative to the IUD in young girls, such as post-partum/post-abortion. Implants should be inserted by trained skilled clinicians who previously provide adequate counselling about their contraceptive effect, benefits, and any possible adverse events. More studies are needed to validate the extended use of the ENG implant for up to 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morena Luigia Rocca
- Operative Unit of Obstetric and Gynaecology, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Palumbo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, “Magna Graecia” University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.R.P.); (F.V.); (C.D.C.)
| | - Federica Visconti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, “Magna Graecia” University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.R.P.); (F.V.); (C.D.C.)
| | - Costantino Di Carlo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, “Magna Graecia” University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.R.P.); (F.V.); (C.D.C.)
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8
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FSRH Guideline (February 2021) Progestogen-only Implant. BMJ SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2021; 47:1-62. [PMID: 33593815 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2021-chc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
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9
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Carraro do Nascimento V, De Villiers L, Chia GS, Rice H. Aspiration technique for percutaneous endovascular retrieval of contraceptive device embolized to the pulmonary vasculature. Radiol Case Rep 2020; 16:571-574. [PMID: 33384758 PMCID: PMC7772520 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2020.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Contraceptive implant migration into the pulmonary circulation is an uncommon, but potentially serious complication. We describe an "aspiration" technique for percutaneous retrieval of a contraceptive implant from a subsegmental pulmonary artery, using a Penumbra Neuron MAX 088 guiding catheter and a Merit Medical VacLok Vacuum Pressure Syringe, as an alternative to the previously described snare technique. Our patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged home on the same day.
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10
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Simon C, Maurier A, Gaboriau L, Vrignaud L, Dayani P, Vaillant T, Andrée Bos-Thompson M, Jonville-Bera AP. Incidence and characteristics of intravascular pulmonary migration of etonogestrel implants: A French nationwide study. Contraception 2020; 102:186-189. [PMID: 32417204 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) To describe the features of etonogestrel implant (Nexplanon and Implanon) migration into the pulmonary vasculature and to estimate its incidence in France. STUDY DESIGN We retrospectively reviewed French cases of implant migration into the pulmonary vasculature reported up to 2018. Patient clinical data were collected. The annual incidence of migration was estimated from the number of cases reported and number of implants sold. RESULTS Twenty-seven cases of migration into the pulmonary vasculature were identified. In 19 cases (70%) it was stated that this was into the pulmonary artery (nine into the left branch, four into the right branch and six unspecified) and in the other eight cases (30%) it was it not specified whether this was into the pulmonary artery or one of its branches. The migration was discovered following a request for implant removal in 59% of cases, following respiratory complaints in 24%, and because the implant was no longer palpable in 17%. In the 24 cases for which information on removal (or not) was available, the implant was removed in 15 (60% by an endovascular procedure and 40% by invasive surgery); in the remainder it was left in situ. The incidence of migration into the pulmonary vasculature was 1.23 per 100,000 implants sold [95% CI 0.25-3.58] in 2014, increasing to 3.17 per 100,000 implants sold [1.37-6.24] in 2017. In 2016, the French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (ANSM) had recommended performing a systematic search for non-palpable implants, including at thorax level. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of migration into the pulmonary vasculature is low. Nonetheless, because the consequences are potentially serious, in December 2019 the ANSM made recommendations to reduce this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Simon
- Regional Pharmacovigilance Center, Department of Pharmacosurveillance, CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Ana Maurier
- Regional Pharmacovigilance Center, Department of Pharmacosurveillance, CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Louise Gaboriau
- Regional Pharmacovigilance Center, Department of Medical Pharmacology, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Laura Vrignaud
- Regional Pharmacovigilance Center, Department of Pharmacosurveillance, CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Pauline Dayani
- French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (ANSM), 93285 Saint-Denis Cedex, France
| | - Tiphaine Vaillant
- French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (ANSM), 93285 Saint-Denis Cedex, France
| | - Marie Andrée Bos-Thompson
- Regional Pharmacovigilance Center, Department of Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology, CHRU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Annie-Pierre Jonville-Bera
- Regional Pharmacovigilance Center, Department of Pharmacosurveillance, CHRU de Tours, 37044 Tours, France; Université de Tours, Université de Nantes, INSERM, SPHERE U1246 Tours, France.
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Hindy JR, Souaid T, Larus CT, Glanville J, Aboujaoude R. Nexplanon migration into a subsegmental branch of the pulmonary artery: A case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18881. [PMID: 31977894 PMCID: PMC7004701 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nexplanon is a 4 cm rod-shaped barium sulphate coated contraceptive implant with a usual subdermal insertion in the inner non-dominant upper arm. Complications proper to subdermal contraceptive implants are unusual and principally localized and minor, comprising infection at the site of implantation, hematoma, abnormal scar development, or local nerve and blood vessel injuries. Infrequently, contraceptive implant migration can happen, though habitually not far from the site of insertion. Pulmonary embolization of the device is remarkably rare and can present with symptoms such as chest pain or dyspnea. PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSIS We report one of the rare cases of asymptomatic Nexplanon pulmonary embolism in a 26-year-old female. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES An endovascular intervention successfully retrieved the device from the lateral segment right middle lobe pulmonary artery without any complications. CONCLUSION Several cases of contraceptive implant migration into the pulmonary artery have been reported to this day. Preventing this life-threatening complication is challenging, and yet, no clear guidelines have been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joya-Rita Hindy
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tarek Souaid
- Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Joanne Glanville
- Department of General Surgery at Johnston-Willis Hospital, Richmond, VA, USA
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12
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Portela Dias J, Moreira C, Braga A, Braga JS. Intravascular migration of a contraceptive subcutaneous implant. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/12/e232702. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-232702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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13
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Carlos-Alves M, Gomes M, Abreu R, Pinheiro P. Lung migration of contraceptive Implanon NXT. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/7/e230987. [PMID: 31296626 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-230987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Carlos-Alves
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Unidade Local de Saúde do Alto Minho EPE, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Marina Gomes
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Unidade Local de Saúde do Alto Minho EPE, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Rita Abreu
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Unidade Local de Saúde do Alto Minho EPE, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Paula Pinheiro
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Unidade Local de Saúde do Alto Minho EPE, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
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14
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Ohannessian A, Levy A, Jaillant N, Tanguy Le Gac Y, D'Journo X, Vidal V, Agostini A. A French survey of contraceptive implant migration to the pulmonary artery. Contraception 2019; 100:255-257. [PMID: 31194964 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) To quantify implant migration to the pulmonary artery in France since 2012 and to describe the diagnoses and treatments. STUDY DESIGN We surveyed 780 physicians of the French national implant-referral network, the French Society of Chest and Cardiovascular Surgery, and the French Radiology Society about diagnosis of implant migration to the pulmonary artery vasculature. We evaluated total implant insertions in France using data from the Medic'AM database. RESULTS We identified 12 cases from 2012 to 2017. Ten of the cases were asymptomatic. Five devices were removed via interventional radiology, five surgically, and two were left in place. The number of insertions in France during the same years was approximately 1,200,000. CONCLUSION(S) Pulmonary artery migration following contraceptive implant insertion is rare with a migration incidence of 1 in 100,000. Most cases were diagnosed incidentally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noémie Jaillant
- Service de chirurgie vasculaire, Hôpital le Bocage CHRU de Dijon, France
| | - Yan Tanguy Le Gac
- Pôle de gynécologie obstétrique, hôpital Paule-de-Viguier, CHU de Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier D'Journo
- Service de chirurgie thoracique, Chemin des Bourrely, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, France
| | - Vincent Vidal
- Department of Medical Imaging, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, La Timone Hospital, Aix Marseille University, France
| | - Aubert Agostini
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, La Conception Hospital, Marseille, France.
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15
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Wilcox KK, Turcer F, Soltes GD, Shin DS. Endovascular retrieval of contraceptive implant embolized to pulmonary artery. Radiol Case Rep 2018; 13:1285-1288. [PMID: 30275923 PMCID: PMC6161411 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Embolization of subdermally implanted contraceptive devices is a rare but potentially serious event. Timely removal of the embolized foreign body should be considered to prevent possible hemodynamic, respiratory, or hormonal complications. We present a case of a 22-year-old woman with a contraceptive implant embolized to her right lower lobar pulmonary artery, which was successfully managed by endovascular retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle K Wilcox
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Box 357115, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Filip Turcer
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Box 357115, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - George D Soltes
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Box 357115, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David S Shin
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Box 357115, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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16
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Akhtar MM, Bhan A, Lim ZY, Akhtar MA, Sekhri N, Bharadwaj P, Mullen M. Percutaneous extraction of an embolized progesterone contraceptive implant from the pulmonary artery. Open Access J Contracept 2018; 9:57-61. [PMID: 30140161 PMCID: PMC6054767 DOI: 10.2147/oajc.s165827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nexplanon® implant is a commonly used radiopaque contraceptive device that contains progestogen associated with an ethylene vinyl-acetate copolymer resulting in a slow release of the active hormonal ingredient. It is inserted into the subdermal connective tissue and provides contraceptive efficacy for up to 3 years. Device removal for clinical, personal or device “end-of-life span” reasons is straightforward. In rare cases, implant migration can occur locally within centimeters of the insertion site. Distant device embolization is extremely rare and can result in complications including chest pain, dyspnoea, pneumothorax and thrombosis or prevent conception until the active ingredient is depleted. We present one such case, where a Nexplanon® implant embolized into the pulmonary artery of a young female patient. We describe the initial “missed” diagnosis of embolized device on a chest radiograph and subsequent successful percutaneous removal once distant embolization was diagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Majid Akhtar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, UK, .,Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK,
| | - Amit Bhan
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK,
| | - Zhan Yun Lim
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK,
| | - Mohammed Abid Akhtar
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Transplantation, Harefield Hospital, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Neha Sekhri
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK,
| | - Preeti Bharadwaj
- Community Gynaecology and Sexual & Reproductive Health Department, Waltham Forest, North East London Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael Mullen
- Department of Cardiology, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK,
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Zhang S, Batur P, Martin C, Rochon PJ. Contraceptive Implant Migration and Removal by Interventional Radiology. Semin Intervent Radiol 2018; 35:23-28. [PMID: 29628612 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1636517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
As the reversible contraceptive arm implants grow more popular, there is an increasing need to recognize the complications resulting from implant migration and removal. This review summarizes the findings of imaging and removal methods. When an implant is lost, the axillary region should be investigated first. If the implant still cannot be found, visualization though different methods have been employed for non-radiopaque implants. Real-time fluoroscopic-guided localization and removal can be accomplished for radiopaque Nexplanon. Once the implant has been located, standard removal method and other modified techniques can be used to safely remove the implant depending on the implant's location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salina Zhang
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Pelin Batur
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Primary Care, Women's Health, Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Charles Martin
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Paul J Rochon
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado
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Embolization of a contraceptive implant into the pulmonary vasculature in an adolescent female. Am J Emerg Med 2018. [PMID: 29530358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nexplanon is a long-acting 4cm radio-opaque rod shaped contraceptive device implanted in the subdermal layer of the inner, upper arm. Complications from implantation are uncommon and mostly local and minor, including infection at the implantation site with resulting cellulitis or abscess, hematoma, abnormal scar formation, or local damage to nerves and blood vessels. Intravascular insertion is estimated to be at 1.3 per million Nexplanon implants, and migration and embolization is a rare complication of this device. We present a case report of a 16year old female who presented to the pediatric emergency department with subjective dyspnea and an embolized contraceptive device within a subsegmental branch of the left lower lobe pulmonary artery. After discussion with consultants, interventional radiology was able to successful retrieve the device without complication.
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Etonogestrel implant migration to the vasculature, chest wall, and distant body sites: cases from a pharmacovigilance database. Contraception 2017; 96:439-445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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