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Kilic M, Kilic B, Aydin MD, Kanat A, Yilmaz I, Eseoglu M, Gundogdu B. Paradoxic Relations between Basilar Artery Reconfiguration and Superior Cervical Ganglia Ischemia After Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Ligation. World Neurosurg 2019; 125:e658-e664. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.01.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Yilmaz I, Eseoglu M, Onen MR, Tanrıverdi O, Kilic M, Yilmaz A, Musluman AM, Aydin MD, Gündogdu C. Inverse Association Between Basilar Artery Volume and Neuron Density in the Stellate Ganglion Following Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Ligation: An Experimental Study. World Neurosurg 2017; 100:138-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sympathetic denervation facilitates L-type Ca2+ channel activation in renal but not in mesenteric resistance arteries. J Hypertens 2016; 34:692-703. [PMID: 26841239 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sympathetic denervation enhances agonist-induced vasoconstriction. This effect may involve altered function of signaling mechanisms such as Rho kinase (Rock) and L-type Ca channels downstream from vasoconstrictor receptors. We tested if enhanced Rock and L-type calcium channel activation contribute to exaggerated norepinephrine-induced vasoconstrictions in renal and mesenteric resistance arteries after sympathectomy. METHODS Rats underwent neonatal sympathectomy or sham sympathectomy. Resistance arteries were investigated by small vessel myography. Vascular Rock and L-type Ca channel expression as well as Rock activation were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) membrane potential was recorded with microelectrodes. RESULTS Sympathetic denervation enhanced norepinephrine sensitivity in renal and mesenteric arteries. Both, Rock inhibition or L-type Ca inhibition shifted the norepinephrine concentration-response curve to the right. This effect was more pronounced in renal than in mesenteric arteries from sympathectomized vs. sham-sympathectomized animals. The L-type Ca channel activator S-(-)-BayK8644 elicited strong vasoconstrictions only in renal arteries from sympathectomized rats. Rock activity and L-type Ca channel α-subunit expression were similar in renal arteries from sympathectomized and sham-sympathectomized animals. VSMC membrane potential was -57.5 ± 2.0 and -64.3 ± 0.3 mV (P < 0.01), respectively, in renal arteries from sympathectomized and from sham-sympathectomized rats. Depolarization enhanced and KATP channel activation abolished S-(-)-BayK8644-induced contractions in renal arteries from sympathectomized rats. CONCLUSION Sympathetic denervation enhances L-type Ca channel-dependent signaling in renal but not in mesenteric arteries. This effect may be partly explained by the decreased VSMC membrane potential in denervated renal arteries.
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Shoemaker JK, Badrov MB, Al-Khazraji BK, Jackson DN. Neural Control of Vascular Function in Skeletal Muscle. Compr Physiol 2015; 6:303-29. [PMID: 26756634 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c150004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system represents a fundamental homeostatic system that exerts considerable control over blood pressure and the distribution of blood flow. This process has been referred to as neurovascular control. Overall, the concept of neurovascular control includes the following elements: efferent postganglionic sympathetic nerve activity, neurotransmitter release, and the end organ response. Each of these elements reflects multiple levels of control that, in turn, affect complex patterns of change in vascular contractile state. Primarily, this review discusses several of these control layers that combine to produce the integrative physiology of reflex vascular control observed in skeletal muscle. Beginning with three reflexes that provide somewhat dissimilar vascular patterns of response despite similar changes in efferent sympathetic nerve activity, namely, the baroreflex, chemoreflex, and muscle metaboreflex, the article discusses the anatomical and physiological bases of postganglionic sympathetic discharge patterns and recruitment, neurotransmitter release and management, and details of regional variations of receptor density and responses within the microvascular bed. Challenges are addressed regarding the fundamentals of measurement and how conclusions from one response or vascular segment should not be used as an indication of neurovascular control as a generalized physiological dogma. Whereas the bulk of the article focuses on the vasoconstrictor function of sympathetic neurovascular integration, attention is also given to the issues of sympathetic vasodilation as well as the impact of chronic changes in sympathetic activation and innervation on vascular health. © 2016 American Physiological Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Shoemaker
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - M B Badrov
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - B K Al-Khazraji
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - D N Jackson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Lidington D, Schubert R, Bolz SS. Capitalizing on diversity: an integrative approach towards the multiplicity of cellular mechanisms underlying myogenic responsiveness. Cardiovasc Res 2012. [PMID: 23180720 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic ability of resistance arteries to respond to transmural pressure is the single most important determinant of their function. Despite an ever-growing catalogue of signalling pathways that underlie the myogenic response, it remains an enigmatic mechanism. The myogenic response's mechanistic diversity has largely been attributed to 'hard-wired' differences across species and vascular beds; however, emerging evidence suggests that the mechanistic basis for the myogenic mechanism is, in fact, 'plastic'. This means that the myogenic response can change quantitatively (i.e. change in magnitude) and qualitatively (i.e. change in mechanistic basis) in response to environmental challenges (e.g. disease conditions). Consequently, understanding the dynamics of how the myogenic response capitalizes on its mechanistic diversity is key to unlocking clinically viable interventions. Using myogenic sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signalling as an example, this review illustrates the remarkable plasticity of the myogenic response. We propose that currently unidentified 'organizational programmes' dictate the contribution of individual signalling pathways to the myogenic response and introduce the concept that certain signalling elements act as 'divergence points' (i.e. as the potential higher level regulatory sites). In the context of pressure-induced S1P signalling, the S1P-generating enzyme sphingosine kinase 1 serves as a divergence point, by orchestrating the calcium-dependent and -independent signalling pathways underlying microvascular myogenic responsiveness. By acting on divergence points, the proposed 'organizational programmes' could form the basis for the flexible recruitment and fine-tuning of separate signalling streams that underlie adaptive changes to the myogenic response and its distinctiveness across species and vascular beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy Lidington
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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Neurotransmitter noradrenaline downregulate cytoskeletal protein expression of VSMCs. Exp Mol Pathol 2012; 94:79-83. [PMID: 23099313 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effects of noradrenaline (NA) on cytoskeletal protein expression of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). METHODS VSMCs were isolated from rat aortic tissue and cultured. The cultured VSMCs were divided into 4 experimental groups: (1) control group, (2) NA treatment group, (3) starvation group, and (4) NA treatment+starvation group. The expression of cytoskeletal protein (smooth muscle α-actin, β-tubulin and desmin) was evaluated by (i) Coomassie blue staining, (ii) immunofluorescent staining, and (iii) RT-PCR and Western Blot. RESULTS NA treatment significantly downregulated the expression of SM α-actin, β-tubulin and desmin (P<0.05). The serum starvation did not affect the expression of cytoskeletal protein (SM α-actin, β-tubulin and desmin), but when the cells were treated with the combination of NA and serum starvation, the expression of SM α-actin, β-tubulin and desmin were down-regulated than those of the serum starvation group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggested that NA might play a key role in regulating the cytoskeletal protein expression of VSMCs.
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Hachani R, DAB H, Sakly M, Vicaut E, Callebert J, Sercombe R, Kacem K. Influence of antagonist sensory and sympathetic nerves on smooth muscle cell differentiation in hypercholesterolemic rat. Auton Neurosci 2010; 155:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2009] [Revised: 01/31/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tripovic D, Pianova S, McLachlan EM, Brock JA. Transient supersensitivity to alpha-adrenoceptor agonists, and distinct hyper-reactivity to vasopressin and angiotensin II after denervation of rat tail artery. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 159:142-53. [PMID: 20002103 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00520.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vascular 'denervation' hyper-reactivity has generally been investigated 1-2 weeks after administration of chemicals that temporarily prevent transmitter release, but do not necessarily inactivate the neuronal noradrenaline transporters (NETs). We have investigated the reactivity of rat tail arteries over longer periods after removing the terminals by surgical denervation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Two and 7 weeks after denervation, myography was used to assess contractions of isolated arterial segments to phenylephrine, methoxamine, clonidine, vasopressin and angiotensin II (AII). Denervation was confirmed by lack of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive nerve terminals. KEY RESULTS The NET inhibitor, desmethylimipramine, increased the pEC(50) for phenylephrine in control, but not denervated arteries after both 2 and 7 weeks. Relative to controls, pEC(50)s for phenylephrine (with desmethylimipramine), methoxamine, clonidine and vasopressin were increased at 2 but not 7 weeks after denervation. The pEC(50) for phenylephrine in the absence of desmethylimipramine was greater than control after both 2 and 7 weeks' denervation. The maximum contraction to vasopressin was larger than in controls at 2 but not 7 weeks after denervation, whereas contractions to AII were markedly enhanced at both time points. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Increased vascular reactivity to alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonists, and vasopressin is transient following denervation. After 7 weeks, increased reactivity to phenylephrine can be entirely accounted for by the loss of NETs. Maintained supersensitivity to AII indicates that denervation differentially and selectively affects vascular reactivity to circulating vasoconstrictor agents. This might explain persistent vasoconstriction in denervated skin of humans after nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Tripovic
- Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute and the University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Smooth muscle cell differentiation in the processus vaginalis of children with hernia or hydrocele. Hernia 2009; 14:187-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s10029-009-0588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Mochalov SV, Kalenchuk VU, Gainullina DK, Vorotnikov AV, Tarasova OS. The contribution of protein kinase C and rho-kinase to the regulation of receptor-dependent contraction of arteries decreases with age independently of sympathetic innervation. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350908060298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Jiao L, Wang MC, Yang YA, Chen EQ, Xu HT, Wu KY, Zhang SM. Norepinephrine reversibly regulates the proliferation and phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Exp Mol Pathol 2008; 85:196-200. [PMID: 18976651 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2008.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of norepinephrine (NE) on the proliferation and phenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the mechanisms underlying this effect. METHODS VSMCs were isolated from the rat abdominal aorta. VSMCs cultured in both serum-containing or in a serum-free medium were treated with NE, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist (alpha1-R(-)), beta1-adrenergic receptor antagonist (beta1-R(-)) and various combinations of these factors. VSMC proliferation was determined by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assays. The mRNA expression level of HRG-1 and SM22 alpha were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS The expressions of HRG-1 and SM22 alpha mRNA in NE- or OX-LDL-treated VSMCs was down-regulated, and the proliferation of BrdU-labeled cells increased; the expression of the above mentioned genes in the VSMCs treated with a combination of NE, alpha1-R, and beta1-R was significantly up-regulated. However, NE was observed to up-regulate the expression of HRG-1 and SM22 alpha mRNA in serum-starved VSMCs. CONCLUSION NE could reversibly regulate the proliferation and phenotypic transformation of VSMCs. This regulation might be mediated via its receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiao
- Department of First Clinical Hospital, Medical College, Suzhou University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Kacem K, Sercombe R. Similar pathological effects of sympathectomy and hypercholesterolemia on arterial smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. Acta Histochem 2008; 110:302-13. [PMID: 18374968 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2007.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2007] [Revised: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we showed that after sympathectomy, the femoral (FA) but not the basilar (BA) artery from non-pathological rabbits manifests migration of adventitial fibroblasts (FBs) into the media and loss of medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The aim of the present study was to verify whether similar behaviour of arteries occurred in the pathological context of atherosclerosis. Thus, similar experiments were conducted on hypercholesterolemic rabbits, which were chemically sympathectomized with 6-hydroxydopamine (n=4) or treated with vehicle for control (n=5). Cross-sections of BA and FA were immunolabelled for five markers of phenotypic modulation of vascular SMCs and FBs: vimentin, desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, beta-isoform of actin, and h-caldesmon and examined using a confocal microscope. Also, 3D images were constructed and morphometric analysis performed using image analysis software. Both intact and sympathectomized BA and FA developed atherosclerotic plaques, but the thickening of the intima was more advanced in sympathectomized animals, as judged by increased plaque frequency and by the phenotypic modulation of SMCs in the intima. Our results show that in the media of FAs hypercholesterolemia induces changes similar to those observed in sympathectomized rabbits in non-pathological conditions, i.e., migration of adventitial FBs to the media and loss of medial SMCs. These latter changes, which can be ascribed to pathological events, were accentuated after sympathectomy in the hypercholesterolemic rabbits. The present study reveals that pathological events, including migration and phenotypic modulation of vascular FBs and loss of SMCs, may be under the influence of sympathetic nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kacem
- Laboratoire de Pathologies Vasculaires, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia.
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Wang C, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Yang Y, Gu Y, Wang M, Wu K. A novel cultured tissue model of rat aorta: VSMC proliferation mechanism in relationship to atherosclerosis. Exp Mol Pathol 2007; 83:453-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2007.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Revised: 07/22/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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