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Marquez-Romero JM, Huerta-Franco MR, Vargas-Luna M, Madrigal-Gutiérrez CA, Esparza-Hernández JM, Velázquez-Barcena MG. Dose Escalation and Safety of Capsaicin for Cerebral Perfusion Augmentation: A Pilot Study. Stroke 2021; 52:2203-2209. [PMID: 33966493 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.032773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miguel Vargas-Luna
- Departamento de Ingeniería Física, División de Ciencias e Ingenierías (M.V.-L.), Universidad de Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | | | - María Guadalupe Velázquez-Barcena
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social HGZ 2, Aguascalientes, Mexico (J.M.M.-R., C.A.M.-G., M.G.V.-B.).,Endocrinology Department, Centenario Hospital "Miguel Hidalgo," Aguascalientes, Mexico (M.G.V.-B.)
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Barwood MJ, Gibson OR, Gillis DJ, Jeffries O, Morris NB, Pearce J, Ross ML, Stevens C, Rinaldi K, Kounalakis SN, Riera F, Mündel T, Waldron M, Best R. Menthol as an Ergogenic Aid for the Tokyo 2021 Olympic Games: An Expert-Led Consensus Statement Using the Modified Delphi Method. Sports Med 2020; 50:1709-1727. [PMID: 32623642 PMCID: PMC7497433 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01313-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Menthol topical application and mouth rinsing are ergogenic in hot environments, improving performance and perception, with differing effects on body temperature regulation. Consequently, athletes and federations are beginning to explore the possible benefits to elite sport performance for the Tokyo 2021 Olympics, which will take place in hot (~ 31 °C), humid (70% RH) conditions. There is no clear consensus on safe and effective menthol use for athletes, practitioners, or researchers. The present study addressed this shortfall by producing expert-led consensus recommendations. METHOD Fourteen contributors were recruited following ethical approval. A three-step modified Delphi method was used for voting on 96 statements generated following literature consultation; 192 statements total (96/96 topical application/mouth rinsing). Round 1 contributors voted to "agree" or "disagree" with statements; 80% agreement was required to accept statements. In round 2, contributors voted to "support" or "change" their round 1 unaccepted statements, with knowledge of the extant voting from round 1. Round 3 contributors met to discuss voting against key remaining statements. RESULTS Forty-seven statements reached consensus in round 1 (30/17 topical application/rinsing); 14 proved redundant. Six statements reached consensus in round 2 (2/4 topical application/rinsing); 116 statements proved redundant. Nine further statements were agreed in round 3 (6/3 topical application/rinsing) with caveats. DISCUSSION Consensus was reached on 62 statements in total (38/24 topical application/rinsing), enabling the development of guidance on safe menthol administration, with a view to enhancing performance and perception in the heat without impairing body temperature regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Barwood
- Department of Sport, Health and Nutrition, Leeds Trinity University, Brownberrie Lane, Horsforth, Leeds, LS18 5HD, UK.
| | - O R Gibson
- Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation (CHPER), Department Life Sciences, Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - D J Gillis
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Sport and Movement Science, Salem State University, Salem, MA, 01970, USA
| | - O Jeffries
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Catherine Cookson Building, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - N B Morris
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Pearce
- Performance Nutrition Technical Lead, High Performance Sport New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M L Ross
- Australian Institute of Sport, Bruce, 2617, Australia
- Mary Mackillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
| | - C Stevens
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Hogbin Dr, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
| | - K Rinaldi
- Laboratoire ACTES (EA3596), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, BP 250, 97157, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
- Arkea Samsic Pro Cycling Team, 35170, Bruz, France
| | - S N Kounalakis
- Faculty of Physical and Cultural Education, Evelpidon Hellenic Army Academy, Vari, Greece
| | - F Riera
- UPRES EA 35-96, UFR-STAPS, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, BP 250, 97157, Pointe à Pitre Cedex, France
- Laboratoire Performance Santé Altitude, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, 7 avenue Pierre de Coubertin, 66120, Font-Romeu, France
| | - T Mündel
- School of Sport Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Palmerston, New Zealand
| | - M Waldron
- College of Engineering, Applied Sports Science Technology and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Swansea University Bay Campus, Swansea, Wales, UK
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - R Best
- Centre for Sport Science and Human Performance, Waikato Institute of Technology, Hamilton, 3200, New Zealand
- School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, Tees Valley, TS1 3BX, UK
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Correlation between Blood Flow and Temperature of the Ocular Anterior Segment in Normal Subjects. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10090695. [PMID: 32942653 PMCID: PMC7554717 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine a correlation between temperature and blood flow in the ocular anterior segment, and their effects on corneal temperature. Methods: In experiment 1, we recruited 40 eyes and measured the temperature and blood flow in the ocular anterior-segment (upper/lower eyelid skin, palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, and cornea) before and after application of warm compresses. In experiment 2, we recruited 20 eyes and measured the same tissues before and during stimulation using water and capsaicin solution in the oral cavity. Results: In experiment 1, the temperatures of the upper/lower eyelid skin and cornea increased significantly until 15 min after the application of the warm compress; the temperatures of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva increased significantly until 10 min. The blood flow in the upper/lower eyelid skin and bulbar conjunctiva increased significantly until 10 min, and that of the palpebral conjunctiva increased significantly until 15 min. In experiment 2, the temperatures were correlated significantly with the blood flow in the upper and lower eyelid skin and palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva. The temperature of all locations and palpebral conjunctival blood flow contributed independently to the corneal temperature. Conclusions: In the ocular anterior segment, the temperature and blood flow were correlated significantly, and contributed to the corneal temperature.
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Miyaji A, Hayashi S, Hayashi N. Regional differences in facial skin blood flow responses to thermal stimulation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:1195-1201. [PMID: 30820660 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The facial skin blood flow (SkBF) shows regional differences in the responses to a given stimulation. The facial SkBFs, especially in the eyelid and nose exhibit unique response to physiological and psychological stimuli, but the mechanisms inducing those regional differences remain unclear. To investigate whether the regional differences in the local control of vasomotion in facial vessels correspond to the regional differences in facial SkBF response, we monitored the relative change of facial SkBF to regional thermal stimulation. We hypothesized that heat stimulation dilates the cutaneous vessels in the eyelid, while cold stimulation constricts those in the nose, which was based on previous findings METHODS: A thermal stimulator was used to apply temperature increase (from 20 to 40 °C at 2 °C/min) and decrease (from 40 to 20 °C at 2°C/min) in a randomized order to the right eyelid, nose, right cheek, and forehead of 14 healthy young males. The facial SkBF was measured for 10 s using laser-speckle flowgraphy when temperatures of 20 °C, 30 °C, and 40 °C had been applied for 30 s in both trials. RESULTS The SkBF in the eyelid did not change significantly during any thermal stimulation, and the nasal SkBF did not decrease significantly during cold stimulation. The SkBFs in the cheek and forehead increased significantly with the applied temperature. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that a large regional variation exists in facial skin blood flow response to local heating or cooling and that the regional variation did not correspond to the unique SkBF responses in the previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Miyaji
- Division of Medical Nutrition, Faculty of Healthcare, Tokyo Healthcare University, Setagaya, Tokyo, 154-8568, Japan.,Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8852, Japan
| | - Shohei Hayashi
- Graduate School of Decision Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8852, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Hayashi
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8852, Japan. .,Graduate School of Decision Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8852, Japan.
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Miyaji A, Sugimori K, Hayashi N. Short- and long-term effects of using a facial massage roller on facial skin blood flow and vascular reactivity. Complement Ther Med 2018; 41:271-276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Liu J, Luo H, Zheng PP, Wu SJ, Lee K. Transdermal optical imaging revealed different spatiotemporal patterns of facial cardiovascular activities. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10588. [PMID: 30002447 PMCID: PMC6043515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28804-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cardiovascular activities are important indicators of a variety of physiological and psychological activities in human neuroscience research. The present proof-of-concept study aimed to reveal the spatiotemporal patterns of cardiovascular activities from the dynamic changes in hemoglobin concentrations in the face. We first recorded the dynamics of facial transdermal blood flow using a digital video camera and the Electrocardiography (ECG) signals using an ECG system simultaneously. Then we decomposed the video imaging data extracted from different sub-regions of a face into independent components using group independent component analysis (group ICA). Finally, the ICA components that included cardiovascular activities were identified by correlating their magnitude spectrum to those obtained from the ECG. We found that cardiovascular activities were associated with five independent components reflecting different spatiotemporal dynamics of facial blood flow changes. The strongest strengths of these ICA components were observed in the bilateral forehead, the left chin, and the left cheek, respectively. Our findings suggest that the cardiovascular activities presented different dynamic properties within different facial sub-regions, respectively. More broadly, the present findings point to the potential of the transdermal optical imaging technology as a new neuroscience methodology to study human physiology and psychology, noninvasively and remotely in a contactless manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Liu
- School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Hong Luo
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
| | - Paul Pu Zheng
- Dr. Eric Jackman Institute of Child Study, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5R 2X2, Canada.
| | - Si Jia Wu
- Dr. Eric Jackman Institute of Child Study, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5R 2X2, Canada
| | - Kang Lee
- Dr. Eric Jackman Institute of Child Study, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5R 2X2, Canada
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Matsukawa K, Endo K, Ishii K, Ito M, Liang N. Facial skin blood flow responses during exposures to emotionally charged movies. J Physiol Sci 2018; 68:175-190. [PMID: 28110456 PMCID: PMC10717512 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The changes in regional facial skin blood flow and vascular conductance have been assessed for the first time with noninvasive two-dimensional laser speckle flowmetry during audiovisually elicited emotional challenges for 2 min (comedy, landscape, and horror movie) in 12 subjects. Limb skin blood flow and vascular conductance and systemic cardiovascular variables were simultaneously measured. The extents of pleasantness and consciousness for each emotional stimulus were estimated by the subjective rating from -5 (the most unpleasant; the most unconscious) to +5 (the most pleasant; the most conscious). Facial skin blood flow and vascular conductance, especially in the lips, decreased during viewing of comedy and horror movies, whereas they did not change during viewing of a landscape movie. The decreases in facial skin blood flow and vascular conductance were the greatest with the comedy movie. The changes in lip, cheek, and chin skin blood flow negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with the subjective ratings of pleasantness and consciousness. The changes in lip skin vascular conductance negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with the subjective rating of pleasantness, while the changes in infraorbital, subnasal, and chin skin vascular conductance negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with the subjective rating of consciousness. However, none of the changes in limb skin blood flow and vascular conductance and systemic hemodynamics correlated with the subjective ratings. The mental arithmetic task did not alter facial and limb skin blood flows, although the task influenced systemic cardiovascular variables. These findings suggest that the more emotional status becomes pleasant or conscious, the more neurally mediated vasoconstriction may occur in facial skin blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanji Matsukawa
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Kana Endo
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kei Ishii
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Momoka Ito
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Nan Liang
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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Eguchi K, Kashima H, Yokota A, Miura K, Yamaoka Endo M, Hirano H, Tsuji T, Fukuba Y. Acute effect of oral sensation of sweetness on celiac artery blood flow and gastric myoelectrical activity in humans. Auton Neurosci 2016; 197:41-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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A comparison of two formulas of topical menthol on vascular responses and perceived intensity prior to and follow a bout of maximum voluntary muscular contractions (MVMCs). J Bodyw Mov Ther 2014; 18:424-9. [PMID: 25042313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the vascular responses in the brachial artery and perceived intensity of two different formulas of topical menthol gels prior to and following a bout of maximum voluntary muscular contractions (MVMCs). 18 adults completed the same protocol on different days using blinded topical menthol gels (Old Formula and New Formula). Heart rate, brachial artery blood flow (ml/min), vessel diameter and reported intensity of sensation were measured at baseline (T1), at 5 min after application of the gel to the upper arm (T2), and immediately following five MVMCs hand grips (T3). The New Formula exhibited a significant decline in blood flow (-22.6%) between T1 and T2 which was not different than the nonsignificant declines under the Old Formula 1 (-21.8%). Both formulas resulted in a significant increase in perceived intensity of sensation between T1 and T2. Blood flow increased significantly with the New Formula (488%) between T2 and T3 and nonsignificantly with the Old Formula (355%).
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Kashima H, Hamada Y, Hayashi N. Palatability of tastes is associated with facial circulatory responses. Chem Senses 2014; 39:243-8. [PMID: 24391145 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjt074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine whether various types of taste stimuli in the oral cavity elicit unique changes in facial skin blood flow (SkBF) according to the palatability perceived by an individual, the facial SkBF was observed by laser speckle flowgraphy in 15 healthy subjects (11 males and 4 females) before and during the ingestion of bitter tea, chilli sauce, coffee, orange juice, soup, and a water control. The heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and SkBF in the index finger were recorded continuously. Subjects reported their subjective palatability and taste intensity scores after each stimulus. The vascular conductance indexes (CIs) in the face and finger were calculated as ratios of SkBF to MAP. CI in the eyelid increased significantly in response to chilli sauce, orange juice, and soup, whereas CIs in the forehead, nose, and cheek decreased in response to bitter tea. There was a significant correlation between the palatability scores and CI values in the eyelid when changes induced by chilli sauce were excluded. These results suggest that the facial circulatory response reflects the degree of palatability of a foodstuff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Kashima
- Graduate School of Decision Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-W9-1, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan.
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