1
|
Brasil IA, Silva JCPL, Pescatello LS, Farinatti P. Central and peripheral mechanisms underlying postexercise hypotension: a scoping review. J Hypertens 2024; 42:751-763. [PMID: 38525904 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) reduction occurs after a single bout of exercise, referred to as postexercise hypotension (PEH). The clinical importance of PEH has been advocated owing to its potential contribution to chronic BP lowering, and as a predictor of responders to exercise training as an antihypertensive therapy. However, the mechanisms underlying PEH have not been well defined. This study undertook a scoping review of research on PEH mechanisms, as disclosed in literature reviews. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, and Sport Discus databases until January 2023 to locate 21 reviews - 13 narrative, four systematic with 102 primary trials, and four meta-analyses with 75 primary trials involving 1566 participants. We classified PEH mechanisms according to major physiological systems, as central (autonomic nervous system, baroreflex, cardiac) or peripheral (vascular, hemodynamic, humoral, and renal). In general, PEH has been related to changes in autonomic control leading to reduced cardiac output and/or sustained vasodilation. However, the role of autonomic control in eliciting PEH has been challenged in favor of local vasodilator factors. The contribution of secondary physiological outcomes to changes in cardiac output and/or vascular resistance during PEH remains unclear, especially by exercise modality and population (normal vs. elevated BP, young vs. older adults). Further research adopting integrated approaches to investigate the potential mechanisms of PEH is warranted, particularly when the magnitude and duration of BP reductions are clinically relevant. (PROSPERO CRD42021256569).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iedda A Brasil
- Graduate Program in Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Cristiano P L Silva
- Graduate Program in Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculty of Physical Education, University Center of Volta Redonda, Volta Redonda, Brazil
| | - Linda S Pescatello
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Graduate Program in Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Le Bourvellec M, Delpech N, Hervo J, Bosquet L, Enea C. Effect of exercise modalities on postexercise hypotension in pre- and postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:864-876. [PMID: 38328822 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00684.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Hormonal changes associated with menopause increase the risk of hypertension. Postexercise hypotension (PEH) is an important tool in the prevention and management of hypertension; however, menopause may alter this response. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis [International Prospective Registered of Systematic Review (PROSPERO): CRD42023297557] was to evaluate the effect of exercise modalities (aerobic, AE; resistance, RE; and combined exercise, CE: AE + RE) on PEH in women, according to their menopausal status (premenopausal or postmenopausal). We searched controlled trials in PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Science Direct published between 1990 and March 2023. Inclusion criteria were normotensive, pre- and hypertensive, pre- and postmenopausal women who performed an exercise session compared with a control session and reported systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) for at least 30 min after the sessions. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Standardized mean differences (Hedge's g) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and Q-test and Z-test were conducted to assess differences between moderators. Forty-one trials with 718 women (474 menopausal) were included. Overall, we found with moderate evidence that SBP and DBP decreased significantly after exercise session (SBP: g = -0.69, 95% CI -0.87 to -0.51; DBP: g = -0.31, 95% CI -0.47 to -0.14), with no difference between premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Regarding exercise modalities, RE is more effective than AE and CE in lowering blood pressure (BP) in women regardless of menopausal status. In conclusion, women's menopausal status does not influence the magnitude of PEH, and the best modality to reduce BP in women seems to be RE.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This meta-analysis has demonstrated that a single bout of exercise induces postexercise hypotension (PEH) in women and that the hormonal shift occurring with menopause does not influence the magnitude of PEH. However, we have shown with moderate evidence that the effectiveness of exercise modalities differs between pre- and postmenopausal women. Resistance and combined exercises are the best modalities to induce PEH in premenopausal women, whereas resistance and aerobic exercises are more effective in postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Le Bourvellec
- Laboratory MOVE (UR20296), Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Nathalie Delpech
- Laboratory MOVE (UR20296), Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jéromine Hervo
- Laboratoire de Traitement de l'information Médicale (LaTIM), UMR1101, Université Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Laurent Bosquet
- Laboratory MOVE (UR20296), Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Carina Enea
- Laboratory MOVE (UR20296), Faculté des Sciences du Sport, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aly K, Yeung PK. Post-Exercise Hypotension: An Alternative Management Strategy for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease? J Clin Med 2023; 12:4456. [PMID: 37445491 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including hypertension, is a leading cause of death worldwide and imposes an enormous burden on our societies [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Aly
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Pollen K Yeung
- College of Pharmacy and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Álvarez C, Guede-Rojas F, Ramírez-Campillo R, Andrade DC, Vásquez-Gómez J, Rodríguez-Rodríguez F, Ciolac EG, Caamaño-Navarrete F, Delgado-Floody P. Characterizing the interindividual postexercise hypotension response for two order groups of concurrent training in patients with morbid obesity. Front Physiol 2022; 13:913645. [PMID: 36299263 PMCID: PMC9589449 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.913645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Postexercise hypotension (PEH) is a common physiological phenomenon occurring immediately after endurance training (ET), resistance training (RT), and ET plus RT, also termed concurrent training (CT); however, there is little knowledge about the interindividual and magnitude response of PEH in morbidly obese patients. Aim: The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the effect of CT order (ET + RT vs. RT + ET) on the blood pressure responses; 2) characterize these responses in responders and nonresponders, and 3) identify potential baseline outcomes for predicting blood pressure decreases as responders. Methods: A quasi-experimental study developed in sedentary morbidly obese men and women (age 43.6 ± 11.3 years; body mass index [BMI] ≥40 kg/m2) was assigned to a CT group of ET plus RT (ET + RT; n = 19; BMI 47.8 ± 16.7) or RT plus ET order group (RT + ET; n = 17; BMI 43.0 ± 8.0). Subjects of both groups received eight exercise sessions over four weeks. Primary outcomes include systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), mean arterial pressure [MAP], heart rate at rest [HR], and pulse pressure [PP] measurements before and after 10 min post-exercise. Secondary outcomes were other anthropometric, body composition, metabolic, and physical fitness parameters. Using the delta ∆SBP reduction, quartile categorization (Q) in “high” (Rs: quartile 4), “moderate” (MRs: quartile 3), “low” (LRs: quartile 2), and “nonresponders” (NRs: quartile 1) was reported. Results: Significant pre–post changes were observed in ET + RT in session 2 for SBP (131.6 vs. 123.4 mmHg, p = 0.050) and session 4 (131.1 vs. 125.2 mmHg, p = 0.0002), while the RT + ET group showed significant reductions in session 4 (134.2 vs. 125.3 mmHg, p < 0.001). No significant differences were detected in the sum of the eight sessions for SBP (∑∆SBP) between ET + RT vs. RT + ET (−5.7 vs. −4.3 mmHg, p = 0.552). Interindividual analyses revealed significant differences among frequencies comparing Q1 “NRs” (n = 8; 22.2%), Q2 “LRs” (n = 8; 22.2%), Q3 “MRs” (n = 9; 25.0%), and Q4 “HRs” (n = 11; 30.5%), p < 0.0001. Quartile comparisons showed significant differences in SBP changes (p = 0.035). Linear regression analyses revealed significant association between ∑∆SBP with body fat % (β –3.826, R2 0.211 [21.1%], p = 0.031), skeletal muscle mass [β –2.150, R2 0.125 (12.5%), p = 0.023], fasting glucose [β 1.273, R2 0.078 (7.8%), p = 0.003], triglycerides [β 0.210, R2 0.014 (1.4%), p = 0.008], and the 6-min walking test [β 0.183, R2 0.038 (3.8%), p = 0.044]. Conclusion: The CT order of ET + RT and RT + ET promote a similar ‘magnitude’ in the postexercise hypotensive effects during the eight sessions of both CT orders in 4 weeks of training duration, revealing “nonresponders” and ‘high’ responders that can be predicted from body composition, metabolic, and physical fitness outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Álvarez
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Guede-Rojas
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Ramírez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - David C. Andrade
- Exercise Applied Physiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Fisiología y Medicina de Altura, Departamento Biomedico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Jaime Vásquez-Gómez
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Laboratorio de Rendimiento Humano, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Emmanuel Gomes Ciolac
- Exercise and Chronic Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, Sáo Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, Buazil
| | | | - Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Strength & Conditioning Laboratory, CTS-642 Research Group, Department Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- *Correspondence: Pedro Delgado-Floody,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fonseca GF, Midgley AW, Billinger SA, Michalski AC, Costa VAB, Monteiro W, Farinatti P, Cunha FA. Acute effects of mixed circuit training on hemodynamic and cardiac autonomic control in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients: A randomized controlled crossover trial. Front Physiol 2022; 13:902903. [PMID: 35928565 PMCID: PMC9343773 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.902903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate whether a single bout of mixed circuit training (MCT) can elicit acute blood pressure (BP) reduction in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients, a phenomenon also known as post-exercise hypotension (PEH). Methods: Seven participants (58 ± 12 years) performed a non-exercise control session (CTL) and a single bout of MCT on separate days and in a randomized counterbalanced order. The MCT included 10 exercises with 3 sets of 15-repetition maximum per exercise, with each set interspersed with 45 s of walking. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (Q), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed 10 min before and 40 min after CTL and MCT. BP and HRV were also measured during an ambulatory 24-h recovery period. Results: Compared to CTL, SBP (∆-22%), DBP (∆-28%), SVR (∆-43%), BRS (∆-63%), and parasympathetic activity (HF; high-frequency component: ∆-63%) were reduced during 40 min post-MCT (p < 0.05), while Q (∆35%), sympathetic activity (LF; low-frequency component: ∆139%) and sympathovagal balance (LF:HF ratio: ∆145%) were higher (p < 0.001). In the first 10 h of ambulatory assessment, SBP (∆-7%), MAP (∆-6%), and HF (∆-26%) remained lowered, and LF (∆11%) and LF:HF ratio (∆13%) remained elevated post-MCT vs. CTL (p < 0.05). Conclusion: A single bout of MCT elicited prolonged PEH in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients. This occurred concurrently with increased sympathovagal balance and lowered SVR, suggesting vasodilation capacity is a major determinant of PEH in these patients. This clinical trial was registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (RBR-5dn5zd), available at https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-5dn5zd. Clinical Trial Registration:https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-5dn5zd, identifier RBR-5dn5zd
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme F. Fonseca
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adrian W. Midgley
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra A. Billinger
- Department of Neurology at University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, United States
- KU Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS, United States
| | - André C. Michalski
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor A. B. Costa
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walace Monteiro
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo Farinatti
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe A. Cunha
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, Graduate Program in Exercise Science and Sports, University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Felipe A. Cunha,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Day C, Wu Y, Pescatello LS. Evaluating the Methodological Quality of Postexercise Hypotension Aerobic Exercise Interventions. Front Physiol 2022; 13:851950. [PMID: 35360233 PMCID: PMC8960741 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.851950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPostexercise hypotension (PEH) is the immediate reduction in blood pressure (BP) of 5–8 mmHg that occurs after a single bout of aerobic exercise among adults with hypertension. Across PEH studies, there are variations in the level of rigor of the study designs and methods that limit the conclusions that can be made about PEH.ObjectiveTo develop and then apply a methodological study quality evaluation checklist to aerobic exercise PEH studies to provide methodological guidance.MethodsWe developed a PEH checklist (PEH√list) based upon contemporary methodological study quality standards. The PEH√list contains 38 items divided into three categories: sample (n = 10 items), study (n = 23 items), and intervention characteristics (n = 5 items). We then systematically searched six databases to January 2019 to identify and then evaluate studies that: (1) enrolled adults ≥18 years with hypertension and without other chronic diseases or conditions; (2) included a bout of aerobic exercise and a non-exercise control session; and (3) were published in English.ResultsOf 17,149 potential studies, 64 qualified. Participants (N = 1,489) were middle-aged (38.6 ± 15.6 year), overweight (26.1 ± 2.5 kg/m2) mostly men (64.4%) with elevated BP (systolic BP 129.5 ± 15.2/diastolic BP 81.0 ± 10.1 mmHg). Overall, the qualifying studies satisfactorily reported 53.9 ± 13.3% (24.2–82.8%) of the relevant items on the PEH√list. Of note, only 20.3% of the studies disclosed BP was measured following professional guidelines, 18.8% reported BP was taken by the same assessor pre- and post-intervention, and 35.5% stated participants abstained from caffeine, alcohol, and physical activity prior to testing. Half (51.5%) indicated they statistically controlled for pre-exercise/baseline BP. Meanwhile, 100% of the studies reported the setting in which the BP measurements were taken, time from the end of the exercise to the start of the BP measurements, and if relevant, the length of the ambulatory BP monitoring period.ConclusionOverall, the PEH√list items were not well satisfied; especially items with potential confounding effects on PEH. We contend the PEH√list provides guidance to investigators on the important methodological study considerations in PEH aerobic exercise studies that should be attended to in the future.Systematic Review Registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/], identifier [#CRD42020221996].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Day
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- *Correspondence: Christina Day,
| | - Yin Wu
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Linda S. Pescatello
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Inter-individual Response Differences on Resting Blood Pressure as a Result of Qigong in Adults: An Ancillary Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. Complement Ther Med 2022; 66:102818. [PMID: 35217171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conduct an ancillary meta-analysis to determine whether true IIRD exist with respect to the effects of qigong on resting SBP and DBP in adults. METHODS Data from a meta-analysis representing 370 participants (181 qigong, 189 control) from 7 randomized trials on qigong and resting SBP and DBP in men and women were included. Qigong and control group change outcome standard deviations treated as point estimates for both resting SBP and DBP were used to calculate true IIRD from each study and the inverse variance heterogeneity (IVhet) model was used to pool results. RESULTS For participants with essential hypertension, statistically significant and clinically important reductions in resting SBP (X̅, -18.2mmHg, 95% CI, -21.3 to -15.2mmHg) and DBP (X̅, -11.7mmHg, 95% CI, -17.0 to -6.3mmHg) were found. However, true IIRD were neither significant or clinically important for either SBP (X̅, -6.0mmHg, 95% CI, -9.1 to 3.5mmHg) or DBP (X̅, 2.8mmHg, 95% CI, -3.4 to 5.2mmHg). The 95% prediction interval for true IIRD was -11.9 to 8.4mmHg for SBP and -5.8 to 7.0mmHg for DBP. CONCLUSIONS While qigong is associated with reductions in resting SBP and DBP in adults with essential hypertension, a lack of true IIRD exists, suggesting that other external factors are responsible for any variation.
Collapse
|
8
|
Pellinger TK, Emhoff CAW. Skeletal Muscle Hyperemia: A Potential Bridge Between Post-exercise Hypotension and Glucose Regulation. Front Physiol 2022; 12:821919. [PMID: 35173625 PMCID: PMC8841576 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.821919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For both healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), the hemodynamic response to regular physical activity is important for regulating blood glucose, protecting vascular function, and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition to these benefits of regular physical activity, evidence suggests even a single bout of dynamic exercise promotes increased insulin-mediated glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity during the acute recovery period. Importantly, post-exercise hypotension (PEH), which is defined as a sustained reduction in arterial pressure following a single bout of exercise, appears to be blunted in those with T2D compared to their non-diabetic counterparts. In this short review, we describe research that suggests the sustained post-exercise vasodilation often observed in PEH may sub-serve glycemic regulation following exercise in both healthy individuals and those with T2D. Furthermore, we discuss the interplay of enhanced perfusion, both macrovascular and microvascular, and glucose flux following exercise. Finally, we propose future research directions to enhance our understanding of the relationship between post-exercise hemodynamics and glucose regulation in healthy individuals and in those with T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K. Pellinger
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Thomas K. Pellinger,
| | - Chi-An W. Emhoff
- Department of Kinesiology, Saint Mary’s College of California, Moraga, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Graça Á, Oliveira DVD, Ribeiro AS, Lopes WA, Fiorillo RG, Fonseca HS, Mayhew JL, Nascimento MAD. Impact of resistance exercise order on postexercise hemodynamic measures in middle-aged and older women. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-657420220020921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Higor Santos Fonseca
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Calleja-Romero A, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Garatachea N. Acute effects of long-distance races on heart rate variability and arterial stiffness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci 2021; 40:248-270. [PMID: 34720045 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1986276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study systematically reviewed and quantified the effects of running a long-distance race (LDR) on heart rate variability (HRV) and arterial stiffness (AS). All types of races of a distance equal to or greater than a marathon (≥42.2 km) were included. A total of 2,220 articles were identified, 52 were included in the qualitative analysis, and 48 were meta-analysed. The standardised mean difference pre- and post-race of various time-domain and frequency-domain indices of HRV, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was calculated. Regarding HRV, there was a significant decrease in most of the variables considered as markers of parasympathetic activity, indicating a shift of autonomic balance towards a reduced vagal tone. Regarding vascular variables, there was a significant drop in blood pressure and reduced AS. In conclusion, running an LDR seems to have a considerable acute effect on the autonomic nervous system, haemodynamics, and vascular properties. The observed effects could be categorised within the expected acute responses to long-lasting, strenuous exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Calleja-Romero
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (Fcsd, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001-Huesca, Spain), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain
| | - Germán Vicente-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (Fcsd, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001-Huesca, Spain), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain.,Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Group and IIS-Aragon, Spain.,Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red De Fisiopatología De La Obesidad Y Nutrición (Ciber-obn), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario De Aragón -ia2- (Cita-universidad De Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nuria Garatachea
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science (Fcsd, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001-Huesca, Spain), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain.,Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Group and IIS-Aragon, Spain.,Centro De Investigación Biomédica En Red De Fisiopatología De La Obesidad Y Nutrición (Ciber-obn), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Agroalimentario De Aragón -ia2- (Cita-universidad De Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|