1
|
Craine EB, Şakiroğlu M, Barriball S, Peters TE, Schlautman B. Perennial Baki™ Bean Safety for Human Consumption: Evidence from an Analysis of Heavy Metals, Folate, Canavanine, Mycotoxins, Microorganisms and Pesticides. Molecules 2024; 29:1777. [PMID: 38675597 PMCID: PMC11052107 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Global food production relies on annual grain crops. The reliability and productivity of these crops are threatened by adaptations to climate change and unsustainable rates of soil loss associated with their cultivation. Perennial grain crops, which do not require planting every year, have been proposed as a transformative solution to these challenges. Perennial grain crops typically rely on wild species as direct domesticates or as sources of perenniality in hybridization with annual grains. Onobrychis spp. (sainfoins) are a genus of perennial legumes domesticated as ancient forages. Baki™ bean is the tradename for pulses derived from sainfoins, with ongoing domestication underway to extend demonstrated benefits to sustainable agriculture. This study contributes to a growing body of evidence characterizing the nutritional quality of Baki™ bean. Through two studies, we investigated the safety of Baki™ bean for human consumption. We quantified heavy metals, folate, and canavanine for samples from commercial seed producers, and we quantified levels of mycotoxins, microorganisms, and pesticides in samples from a single year and seed producer, representing different varieties and production locations. The investigated analytes were not detectable or occurred at levels that do not pose a significant safety risk. Overall, this study supports the safety of Baki™ bean for human consumption as a novel pulse crop.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan B. Craine
- The Land Institute, Salina, KS 67401, USA; (S.B.); (T.E.P.)
| | - Muhammet Şakiroğlu
- Bioengineering Department, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Adana 01250, Turkey;
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tijaro-Bulla S, Nyandwi SP, Cui H. Physiological and engineered tRNA aminoacylation. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1789. [PMID: 37042417 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases form the protein family that controls the interpretation of the genetic code, with tRNA aminoacylation being the key chemical step during which an amino acid is assigned to a corresponding sequence of nucleic acids. In consequence, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases have been studied in their physiological context, in disease states, and as tools for synthetic biology to enable the expansion of the genetic code. Here, we review the fundamentals of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase biology and classification, with a focus on mammalian cytoplasmic enzymes. We compile evidence that the localization of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases can be critical in health and disease. In addition, we discuss evidence from synthetic biology which made use of the importance of subcellular localization for efficient manipulation of the protein synthesis machinery. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing Translation > Translation Regulation RNA Processing > tRNA Processing RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haissi Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hlongwane MM, Mohammed M, Mokgalaka NS, Dakora FD. The Potential of Rhizobacteria to Mitigate Abiotic Stress in Lessertia frutescens. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:196. [PMID: 36616325 PMCID: PMC9824651 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lessertia frutescens is a multipurpose medicinal plant indigenous to South Africa. The curative ability of the medicinal plant is attributed to its rich phytochemical composition, including amino acids, triterpenoids, and flavonoids. A literature review of some of the phytochemical compounds, particularly amino acids, in L. frutescens shows a steady decrease in concentration over the years. The reduction of the phytochemical compounds and diminishing biological activities may be attributed to drought and salt stress, which South Africa has been grappling with over the years. Canavanine, a phytochemical which is associated with the anticancer activity of L. frutescens, reduced slightly when the plant was subjected to salt stress. Like other legumes, L. frutescens forms a symbiotic relationship with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria, which facilitate plant growth and development. Studies employing commercial plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria to enhance growth and biological activities in L. frutescens have been successfully carried out. Furthermore, alleviation of drought and salt stress in medicinal plants through inoculation with plant growth-promoting-rhizobacteria is well documented and effective. Therefore, this review seeks to highlight the potential of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria to alleviate the effect of salt and drought in Lessertia frutescens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mokgadi M. Hlongwane
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Mustapha Mohammed
- Department of Crop Science, University for Development Studies, Tamale P.O. Box TL1882, Ghana
| | - Ntebogeng S. Mokgalaka
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Mamelodi Campus, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Felix D. Dakora
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Harley ITW, Allison K, Scofield RH. Polygenic autoimmune disease risk alleles impacting B cell tolerance act in concert across shared molecular networks in mouse and in humans. Front Immunol 2022; 13:953439. [PMID: 36090990 PMCID: PMC9450536 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.953439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Most B cells produced in the bone marrow have some level of autoreactivity. Despite efforts of central tolerance to eliminate these cells, many escape to periphery, where in healthy individuals, they are rendered functionally non-responsive to restimulation through their antigen receptor via a process termed anergy. Broad repertoire autoreactivity may reflect the chances of generating autoreactivity by stochastic use of germline immunoglobulin gene segments or active mechanisms may select autoreactive cells during egress to the naïve peripheral B cell pool. Likewise, it is unclear why in some individuals autoreactive B cell clones become activated and drive pathophysiologic changes in autoimmune diseases. Both of these remain central questions in the study of the immune system(s). In most individuals, autoimmune diseases arise from complex interplay of genetic risk factors and environmental influences. Advances in genome sequencing and increased statistical power from large autoimmune disease cohorts has led to identification of more than 200 autoimmune disease risk loci. It has been observed that autoantibodies are detectable in the serum years to decades prior to the diagnosis of autoimmune disease. Thus, current models hold that genetic defects in the pathways that control autoreactive B cell tolerance set genetic liability thresholds across multiple autoimmune diseases. Despite the fact these seminal concepts were developed in animal (especially murine) models of autoimmune disease, some perceive a disconnect between human risk alleles and those identified in murine models of autoimmune disease. Here, we synthesize the current state of the art in our understanding of human risk alleles in two prototypical autoimmune diseases – systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) along with spontaneous murine disease models. We compare these risk networks to those reported in murine models of these diseases, focusing on pathways relevant to anergy and central tolerance. We highlight some differences between murine and human environmental and genetic factors that may impact autoimmune disease development and expression and may, in turn, explain some of this discrepancy. Finally, we show that there is substantial overlap between the molecular networks that define these disease states across species. Our synthesis and analysis of the current state of the field are consistent with the idea that the same molecular networks are perturbed in murine and human autoimmune disease. Based on these analyses, we anticipate that murine autoimmune disease models will continue to yield novel insights into how best to diagnose, prognose, prevent and treat human autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac T. W. Harley
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Initiative (HI3), Department of Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Rheumatology Section, Medicine Service, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Isaac T. W. Harley,
| | - Kristen Allison
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
- Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Initiative (HI3), Department of Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - R. Hal Scofield
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Medical/Research Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bax CE, Chakka S, Concha JSS, Zeidi M, Werth VP. The effects of immunostimulatory herbal supplements on autoimmune skin diseases. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 84:1051-1058. [PMID: 32553683 PMCID: PMC7736300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of herbal supplements that promise to improve immune health has gained popularity among dermatology patients. However, there is little to no evidence that herbal supplements improve dermatologic conditions. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that Spirulina platensis, Aphanizomenon flos-aqua, Chlorella, Echinacea, and alfalfa activate immune cells via certain cytokines and chemokines. Case reports suggest the association of ingesting immunostimulatory herbs and the clinical onset or flares of diseases characterized by an exaggerated immune response such as lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, and autoimmune blistering disorders. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the prevalence of herbal supplement use in this patient population. In addition, in vitro studies should examine the underlying mechanisms by which herbs stimulate immune pathways that are already overactive in autoimmune patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Bax
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Srita Chakka
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Josef Symon S Concha
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Majid Zeidi
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Victoria P Werth
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ra D, Sa B, Sl B, Js M, Sj M, DA D, Ew S, O K, Eb B, Ad C, Vx T, Gg G, Pa C, Dc M, Wg B. Is Exposure to BMAA a Risk Factor for Neurodegenerative Diseases? A Response to a Critical Review of the BMAA Hypothesis. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:81-106. [PMID: 33547590 PMCID: PMC7904546 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In a literature survey, Chernoff et al. (2017) dismissed the hypothesis that chronic exposure to β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) may be a risk factor for progressive neurodegenerative disease. They question the growing scientific literature that suggests the following: (1) BMAA exposure causes ALS/PDC among the indigenous Chamorro people of Guam; (2) Guamanian ALS/PDC shares clinical and neuropathological features with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and ALS; (3) one possible mechanism for protein misfolds is misincorporation of BMAA into proteins as a substitute for L-serine; and (4) chronic exposure to BMAA through diet or environmental exposures to cyanobacterial blooms can cause neurodegenerative disease. We here identify multiple errors in their critique including the following: (1) their review selectively cites the published literature; (2) the authors reported favorably on HILIC methods of BMAA detection while the literature shows significant matrix effects and peak coelution in HILIC that may prevent detection and quantification of BMAA in cyanobacteria; (3) the authors build alternative arguments to the BMAA hypothesis, rather than explain the published literature which, to date, has been unable to refute the BMAA hypothesis; and (4) the authors erroneously attribute methods to incorrect studies, indicative of a failure to carefully consider all relevant publications. The lack of attention to BMAA research begins with the review’s title which incorrectly refers to BMAA as a “non-essential” amino acid. Research regarding chronic exposure to BMAA as a cause of human neurodegenerative diseases is emerging and requires additional resources, validation, and research. Here, we propose strategies for improvement in the execution and reporting of analytical methods and the need for additional and well-executed inter-lab comparisons for BMAA quantitation. We emphasize the need for optimization and validation of analytical methods to ensure that they are fit-for-purpose. Although there remain gaps in the literature, an increasingly large body of data from multiple independent labs using orthogonal methods provides increasing evidence that chronic exposure to BMAA may be a risk factor for neurological illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dunlop Ra
- Brain Chemistry Labs, Institute for Ethnomedicine, Jackson, WY, USA.
| | - Banack Sa
- Brain Chemistry Labs, Institute for Ethnomedicine, Jackson, WY, USA
| | - Bishop Sl
- Lewis Research Group, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Metcalf Js
- Brain Chemistry Labs, Institute for Ethnomedicine, Jackson, WY, USA
| | - Murch Sj
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Davis DA
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Stommel Ew
- Department of Neurology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Karlsson O
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brittebo Eb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Tan Vx
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Ryde, Australia
| | - Guillemin Gg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie University, Ryde, Australia
| | - Cox Pa
- Brain Chemistry Labs, Institute for Ethnomedicine, Jackson, WY, USA
| | - Mash Dc
- Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Bradley Wg
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vioque J, Girón-Calle J, Torres-Salas V, Elamine Y, Alaiz M. Characterization of Vicia ervilia (bitter vetch) seed proteins, free amino acids, and polyphenols. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13271. [PMID: 32391588 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vicia ervilia is an ancient crop from the Mediterranean Region. It may represent a useful source of proteins for food and animal feed, as well as bioactive components. Seed samples from 39 populations of V. ervilia have been analyzed. Polyphenol contents ranged from 0.09% to 0.19%. Luteolin, kaempferol, apigenin, and quercetin were the major aglycones. The total free amino acid content of the seeds was 0.05% to 0.19% in which canavanine represented 9% to 22%. The protein content was 24.1%. The amino acid composition indicated a high content in acidic amino acids and a deficit in sulphur amino acids. V. ervilia seeds proved to be a good substrate for the preparation of protein isolates. The seed extracts inhibited the proliferation of Caco-2 colon tumor cells, simultaneously, exerting antioxidative effects. Hence, seeds of V. ervilia could represent a source of high-value food and feed components, as well as functional components. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Vicia ervilia (bitter vetch) (Leguminosae) is an ancient crop from the Mediterranean Region. Although it was still grown in many Mediterranean countries at the beginning of the twentieth century, other crops that provide higher and more consistent yield later replaced it. However, V. ervilia seeds may represent a useful source of proteins for human nutrition and animal feeding, and a source of bioactive components with health-promoting properties. Our results show that the seeds of V. ervilia could, indeed, represent a source of high-value food and feed components, as well as functional, health-promoting components. This may result in a revalorization of this neglected crop. The availability of numerous populations in seed banks guarantees the preservation of a genetic diversity in V. ervilia that could be used for the production of new varieties with better nutritional and functional characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Vioque
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Julio Girón-Calle
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Verenice Torres-Salas
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Youssef Elamine
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Alaiz
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Petrić M, Božić J, Radić M, Perković D, Petrić M, Martinović Kaliterna D. Dietary Habits in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Med Food 2020; 23:1176-1182. [PMID: 32150485 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are often interested in which diets to follow. Our aim was to investigate which dietary habits were common among our patients, and which of them were in correlation with laboratory parameters of disease activity, such as complement values and 24-h proteinuria. This study included 76 patients with SLE in clinical remission with a 6-month flare free period. They completed a specialized, self-administered, 23-item food frequency questionnaire about their weekly dietary habits. Basic anthropometric data, levels of C3 and C4, and 24-h proteinuria were recorded and analyzed with respect to their dietary habits. The majority of patients had a normal body mass index of 18.5-25 kg/m2, and worked out regularly. The most frequently consumed foods reported by the patients were fruits, milk, vegetables, meat, pasta, rice, and bread. Decreased values of C3 were found in 34 (44.7%) patients, and decreased values of C4 in 28 (36.8%) patients. Decreased values of C3 were found in patients who often consumed meat (P = .015), and decreased values of C4 in patients who often consumed fast food (P = .043). Patients who often consumed fast food demonstrated a decreasing trend of C3 (P = .060), and patients who often consumed fried food had a decreasing trend of C4 (P = .051). Significant correlation between daily proteinuria and dietary habits was not found. Dietary habits can influence the disease course of SLE. Our study confirms that decreased levels of complement compounds C3 and C4, which are possible predictors of disease activation, are associated with frequent consumption of low quality proteins and food rich in calories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marin Petrić
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Joško Božić
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Mislav Radić
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Dijana Perković
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Marija Petrić
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Drug resistance in Giardia: Mechanisms and alternative treatments for Giardiasis. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2020; 107:201-282. [PMID: 32122530 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of chemotherapeutic drugs is the main resource against clinical giardiasis due to the lack of approved vaccines. Resistance of G. duodenalis to the most used drugs to treat giardiasis, metronidazole and albendazole, is a clinical issue of growing concern and yet unknown impact, respectively. In the search of new drugs, the completion of the Giardia genome project and the use of biochemical, molecular and bioinformatics tools allowed the identification of ligands/inhibitors for about one tenth of ≈150 potential drug targets in this parasite. Further, the synthesis of second generation nitroimidazoles and benzimidazoles along with high-throughput technologies have allowed not only to define overall mechanisms of resistance to metronidazole but to screen libraries of repurposed drugs and new pharmacophores, thereby increasing the known arsenal of anti-giardial compounds to some hundreds, with most demonstrating activity against metronidazole or albendazole-resistant Giardia. In particular, cysteine-modifying agents which include omeprazole, disulfiram, allicin and auranofin outstand due to their pleiotropic activity based on the extensive repertoire of thiol-containing proteins and the microaerophilic metabolism of this parasite. Other promising agents derived from higher organisms including phytochemicals, lactoferrin and propolis as well as probiotic bacteria/fungi have also demonstrated significant potential for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes in giardiasis. In this context the present chapter offers a comprehensive review of the current knowledge, including commonly prescribed drugs, causes of therapeutic failures, drug resistance mechanisms, strategies for the discovery of new agents and alternative drug therapies.
Collapse
|
10
|
Blackmore D, Li L, Wang N, Maksymowych W, Yacyshyn E, Siddiqi ZA. Metabolomic profile overlap in prototypical autoimmune humoral disease: a comparison of myasthenia gravis and rheumatoid arthritis. Metabolomics 2020; 16:10. [PMID: 31902059 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myasthenia gravis (MG) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are examples of antibody-mediated chronic, progressive autoimmune diseases. Phenotypically dissimilar, MG and RA share common immunological features. However, the immunometabolomic features common to humoral autoimmune diseases remain largely unexplored. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to reveal and illustrate the metabolomic profile overlap found between these two diseases and describe the immunometabolomic significance. METHODS Metabolic analyses using acid- and dansyl-labelled was performed on serum from adult patients with seropositive MG (n = 46), RA (n = 23) and healthy controls (n = 49) presenting to the University of Alberta Hospital specialty clinics. Chemical isotope labelling liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (CIL LC-MS) methods were utilized to assess the serum metabolome in patients; 12C/13C-dansyl chloride (DnsCl) was used to label amine/phenol metabolites and 12C/13C-p-dimethylaminophenacyl bromide (DmPA) was used for carboxylic acids. Metabolites matching our criteria for significance were selected if they were present in both groups. Multivariate statistical analysis [including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)] and biochemical pathway analysis was then conducted to gain understanding of the principal pathways involved in antibody-mediated pathogenesis. RESULTS We found 20 metabolites dysregulated in both MG and RA when compared to healthy controls. Most prominently, observed changes were related to pathways associated with phenylalanine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis, and pyruvate metabolism. CONCLUSION From these results it is evident that many metabolites are common to humoral disease and exhibit significant immunometabolomic properties. This observation may lead to an enhanced understanding of the metabolic underpinnings common to antibody-mediated autoimmune disease. Further, contextualizing these findings within a larger clinical and systems biology context could provide new insights into the pathogenesis and management of these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Blackmore
- Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, 7th Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, 11350 - 83 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Chemistry Centre Room W3-39C, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Chemistry Centre Room W3-39C, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Walter Maksymowych
- 568A Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Elaine Yacyshyn
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Alberta, 8-130 Clinical Sciences Building, 11350 - 83 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Zaeem A Siddiqi
- Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, 7th Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, 11350 - 83 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kang N, Yuan R, Huang L, Liu Z, Huang D, Huang L, Gao H, Liu Y, Xu QM, Yang S. Atypical Nitrogen-Containing Flavonoid in the Fruits of Cumin ( Cuminum cyminum L.) with Anti-inflammatory Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8339-8347. [PMID: 31291543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The dried seeds of Cuminum cyminum L. have been traditionally used as food and medicine. To explore its chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity, four new compounds (1-4) along with five known compounds (5-9) were isolated from the seeds in the present study. The chemical structures of the new compounds were identified as follows: methyl 3-((7H-purin-2-yl) amino)-3-(4-isopropylphenyl) propanoate (1), 8-(amino(4-isopropylphenyl)methyl)-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-4-oxo-4H-chromene-6-carboxylic acid (2), (3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-((4-isopropylbenzyl)oxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl (E)-3-(4-propoxyphenyl)acrylate (3), and (3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-((5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-yl)oxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methyl 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-2-methoxypropanoate (4). Compound 2, an atypical nitrogen-containing flavonoid, exhibited the most active inhibitory effect on nitride oxide, with IC50 of 5.25 μM in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cell assay. Compound 2 was found to suppress the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Furthermore, it was revealed that both nuclear factor κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase were involved in the anti-inflammatory process of compound 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naixin Kang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy , Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine , Nanning , Guangxi 530000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Renyikun Yuan
- College of Pharmacy , Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine , Nanning , Guangxi 530000 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment , Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Liting Huang
- College of Pharmacy , Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine , Nanning , Guangxi 530000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- College of Pharmacy , Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine , Nanning , Guangxi 530000 , People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development , Nanning , Guangxi 530000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Huang
- College of Pharmacy , Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine , Nanning , Guangxi 530000 , People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development , Nanning , Guangxi 530000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- College of Pharmacy , Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine , Nanning , Guangxi 530000 , People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development , Nanning , Guangxi 530000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong-Ming Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science , Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy , Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine , Nanning , Guangxi 530000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shilin Yang
- College of Pharmacy , Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine , Nanning , Guangxi 530000 , People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment , Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330004 , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ortega-Pierres MG, Argüello-García R. Giardia duodenalis: Role of secreted molecules as virulent factors in the cytotoxic effect on epithelial cells. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2019; 106:129-169. [PMID: 31630757 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
During the course of giardiasis in humans and experimental models, G. duodenalis trophozoites express and secrete several proteins (ESPs) affecting structural, cellular and soluble components of the host intestinal milieu. These include the toxin-like molecules CRP136 and ESP58 that induce intestinal hyper-peristalsis. After the completion of the Giardia genome database and using up-to date transcriptomic and proteomic approaches, secreted 'virulence factors' have also been identified and experimentally characterized. This repertoire includes arginine deiminase (ADI) that competes for arginine, an important energy source for trophozoites, some high-cysteine membrane proteins (HCMPs) and VSP88, a versatile variant surface protein (VSP) that functions as an extracellular protease. Another giardial protein, enolase, moonlights as a metabolic enzyme that interacts with the fibrinolytic system and damages host epithelial cells. Other putative Giardia virulence factors are cysteine proteases that degrade multiple host components including mucin, villin, tight junction proteins, immunoglobulins, defensins and cytokines. One of these proteases, named giardipain-1, decreases transepithelial electrical resistance and induces apoptosis in epithelial cells. A putative role for tenascins, present in the Giardia's secretome, is interfering with the host epidermal growth factor. Based on the roles that these molecules play, drugs may be designed to interfere with their functions. This review presents a comprehensive description of secreted Giardia virulence factors. It further describes their cytotoxic mechanisms and roles in the pathophysiology of giardiasis, and then assesses their potential as targets for drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Guadalupe Ortega-Pierres
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Raúl Argüello-García
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Megías C, Cortés-Giraldo I, Girón-Calle J, Alaiz M, Vioque J. Characterization of Vicia
(Fabaceae
) seed water extracts with potential immunomodulatory and cell antiproliferative activities. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Megías
- Food Phytochemistry Department; Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km 1; 41013-Sevilla Spain
| | - Isabel Cortés-Giraldo
- Food Phytochemistry Department; Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km 1; 41013-Sevilla Spain
| | - Julio Girón-Calle
- Food Phytochemistry Department; Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km 1; 41013-Sevilla Spain
| | - Manuel Alaiz
- Food Phytochemistry Department; Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km 1; 41013-Sevilla Spain
| | - Javier Vioque
- Food Phytochemistry Department; Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera km 1; 41013-Sevilla Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gao H, Huang L, Ding F, Yang K, Feng Y, Tang H, Xu QM, Feng J, Yang S. Simultaneous purification of dihydrotanshinone, tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinone IIA from Salvia miltiorrhiza and their anti-inflammatory activities investigation. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29855534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26828-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydrotanshinone, tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinone IIA are major lipid-soluble constituents isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen). In the present study, a systematic method was developed to simultaneously isolate and purify those compounds using macroporous adsorption resins and semi-preparative HPLC with a dynamic axial compress (DAC) system. The Danshen extract (95% alcohol) was divided into three fractions using different concentrations of alcohol (0%, 45%, and 90%) on D101 column. The content of total tanshinones of 90% alcohol eluent (TTS) was over 97%. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effects of those samples were investigated on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and three animal models. The results showed that the anti-inflammatory effect of TTS in vitro was superior to the one of any other sample including 0% and 45% eluent, and total tanshinones capsules. In addition, TTS exhibited a stronger anti-inflammatory effect than that of dihydrotanshinone, tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinone I, respectively. For animal models, TTS could significantly suppress xylene-induced ear oedema and rescue LPS-induced septic death and acute kidney injury in mice. In summary, the separation process developed in the study was high-efficiency, economic, and low-contamination, which was fit to industrial producing. TTS is a potential agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Gao
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Liting Huang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Fang Ding
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Hongzhen Tang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China.
| | - Qiong-Ming Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jianfang Feng
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Shilin Yang
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Simultaneous purification of dihydrotanshinone, tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinone IIA from Salvia miltiorrhiza and their anti-inflammatory activities investigation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8460. [PMID: 29855534 PMCID: PMC5981213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26828-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydrotanshinone, tanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinone IIA are major lipid-soluble constituents isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen). In the present study, a systematic method was developed to simultaneously isolate and purify those compounds using macroporous adsorption resins and semi-preparative HPLC with a dynamic axial compress (DAC) system. The Danshen extract (95% alcohol) was divided into three fractions using different concentrations of alcohol (0%, 45%, and 90%) on D101 column. The content of total tanshinones of 90% alcohol eluent (TTS) was over 97%. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effects of those samples were investigated on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and three animal models. The results showed that the anti-inflammatory effect of TTS in vitro was superior to the one of any other sample including 0% and 45% eluent, and total tanshinones capsules. In addition, TTS exhibited a stronger anti-inflammatory effect than that of dihydrotanshinone, tanshinone IIA, cryptotanshinone, and tanshinone I, respectively. For animal models, TTS could significantly suppress xylene-induced ear oedema and rescue LPS-induced septic death and acute kidney injury in mice. In summary, the separation process developed in the study was high-efficiency, economic, and low-contamination, which was fit to industrial producing. TTS is a potential agent for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
16
|
Hung LH, Wu CH, Lin BF, Hwang LS. Hyperimmune colostrum alleviates rheumatoid arthritis in a collagen-induced arthritis murine model. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:3778-3787. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
17
|
Luo XM, Edwards MR, Reilly CM, Mu Q, Ahmed SA. Diet and Microbes in the Pathogenesis of Lupus. Lupus 2017. [DOI: 10.5772/68110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
18
|
Gao H, Sun W, Zhao J, Wu X, Lu JJ, Chen X, Xu QM, Khan IA, Yang S. Tanshinones and diethyl blechnics with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen). Sci Rep 2016; 6:33720. [PMID: 27666387 PMCID: PMC5036060 DOI: 10.1038/srep33720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Four novel compounds (1-4) as well as fourteen reported compounds (5-18) were isolated and purified from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen). The structures of novel compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS data, etc. The anti-inflammatory properties of all the compounds on RAW264.7 macrophages and their cytotoxicity on H1299 and Bel-7402 cell lines coupled with a structure-activity relationship (SAR) were investigated. Compound 4 demonstrated the best anti-inflammatory activity and was chosen for further research. Compound 4 greatly suppressed secretion of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated by LPS. Additionally, the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was decreased and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB was attenuated after treatment with compound 4 in vitro. Compound 4 was able to dramatically inhibit LPS-induced activation of JNK1/2 and ERK1/2 and remarkably disrupted the TLR4 dimerization in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Thus, the new compound 4 suppressed LPS-induced inflammation partially is due to the blocking TLR4 dimerization. In addition, the anti-cancer activity investigation indicated that most of isolated compounds exhibited cytotoxicity and the SAR analysis showed that the intact D ring was indispensable and unsaturated D ring played vital role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Wen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- National Center for Natural Products Research, and Department of Pharmacognosy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Xiaxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Qiong-ming Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, SooChow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ikhlas A. Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, and Department of Pharmacognosy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - Shilin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, SooChow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Worst EG, Exner MP, De Simone A, Schenkelberger M, Noireaux V, Budisa N, Ott A. Residue-specific Incorporation of Noncanonical Amino Acids into Model Proteins Using an Escherichia coli Cell-free Transcription-translation System. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27500416 PMCID: PMC5091720 DOI: 10.3791/54273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The canonical set of amino acids leads to an exceptionally wide range of protein functionality. Nevertheless, the set of residues still imposes limitations on potential protein applications. The incorporation of noncanonical amino acids can enlarge this scope. There are two complementary approaches for the incorporation of noncanonical amino acids. For site-specific incorporation, in addition to the endogenous canonical translational machineries, an orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase-tRNA pair must be provided that does not interact with the canonical ones. Consequently, a codon that is not assigned to a canonical amino acid, usually a stop codon, is also required. This genetic code expansion enables the incorporation of a noncanonical amino acid at a single, given site within the protein. The here presented work describes residue-specific incorporation where the genetic code is reassigned within the endogenous translational system. The translation machinery accepts the noncanonical amino acid as a surrogate to incorporate it at canonically prescribed locations, i.e., all occurrences of a canonical amino acid in the protein are replaced by the noncanonical one. The incorporation of noncanonical amino acids can change the protein structure, causing considerably modified physical and chemical properties. Noncanonical amino acid analogs often act as cell growth inhibitors for expression hosts since they modify endogenous proteins, limiting in vivo protein production. In vivo incorporation of toxic noncanonical amino acids into proteins remains particularly challenging. Here, a cell-free approach for a complete replacement of L-arginine by the noncanonical amino acid L-canavanine is presented. It circumvents the inherent difficulties of in vivo expression. Additionally, a protocol to prepare target proteins for mass spectral analysis is included. It is shown that L-lysine can be replaced by L-hydroxy-lysine, albeit with lower efficiency. In principle, any noncanonical amino acid analog can be incorporated using the presented method as long as the endogenous in vitro translation system recognizes it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Albrecht Ott
- Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Krasuska U, Andrzejczak O, Staszek P, Bogatek R, Gniazdowska A. Canavanine Alters ROS/RNS Level and Leads to Post-translational Modification of Proteins in Roots of Tomato Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:840. [PMID: 27379131 PMCID: PMC4905978 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Canavanine (CAN), a structural analog of arginine (Arg), is used as a selective inhibitor of inducible NOS in mammals. CAN is incorporated into proteins' structure in the place of Arg, leading to the formation of aberrant compounds. This non-protein amino acid is found in legumes, e.g., Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. or Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R.Br. and acts as a strong toxin against herbivores or plants. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings were treated for 24-72 h with CAN (10 or 50 μM) inhibiting root growth by 50 or 100%, without lethal effect. We determined ROS level/production in root extracts, fluorescence of DAF-FM and APF derivatives corresponding to RNS level in roots of tomato seedlings and linked CAN-induced restriction of root growth to the post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins: carbonylation and nitration. Both PTMs are stable markers of nitro-oxidative stress, regarded as the plant's secondary response to phytotoxins. CAN enhanced H2O2 content and superoxide radicals generation in extracts of tomato roots and stimulated formation of protein carbonyl groups. An elevated level of carbonylated proteins was characteristic for the plants after 72 h of the culture, mainly for the roots exposed to 10 μM CAN. The proteolytic activity was stimulated by tested non-protein amino acid. CAN treatment led to decline of fluorescence of DAF-FM derivatives, and transiently stimulated fluorescence of APF derivatives. Short-term exposure of tomato seedlings to CAN lowered the protein nitration level. Activity of peroxidase, polyamine oxidase and NADPH oxidase, enzymes acting as modulators of H2O2 concentration and governing root architecture and growth were determined. Activities of all enzymes were stimulated by CAN, but no strict CAN concentration dependence was observed. We conclude, that although CAN treatment led to a decline in the nitric oxide level, PTMs observed in roots of plants exposed to CAN are linked rather to the formation of carbonyl groups than to nitration, and are detected particularly after 24 h. Thus, oxidative stress and oxidative modifications of proteins seems to be of significant importance in the rapid response of plants to CAN.
Collapse
|
21
|
Worst EG, Exner MP, De Simone A, Schenkelberger M, Noireaux V, Budisa N, Ott A. Cell-free expression with the toxic amino acid canavanine. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3658-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
22
|
Hogan JJ, Markowitz GS, Radhakrishnan J. Drug-induced glomerular disease: immune-mediated injury. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 10:1300-10. [PMID: 26092827 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.01910215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced autoimmune disease was initially described decades ago, with reports of vasculitis and a lupus-like syndrome in patients taking hydralazine, procainamide, and sulfadiazine. Over the years, multiple other agents have been linked to immune-mediated glomerular disease, often with associated autoantibody formation. Certain clinical and laboratory features may distinguish these entities from their idiopathic counterparts, and making this distinction is important in the diagnosis and management of these patients. Here, drug-induced, ANCA-associated vasculitis, drug-induced lupus, and drug-associated membranous nephropathy are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Hogan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | | | - Jai Radhakrishnan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Presence of L-Canavanine in Hedysarum alpinum Seeds and Its Potential Role in the Death of Chris McCandless. Wilderness Environ Med 2015; 26:36-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
24
|
The Clinical Significance of Posttranslational Modification of Autoantigens. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2014; 47:73-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-014-8424-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
25
|
Karlsson O, Jiang L, Andersson M, Ilag LL, Brittebo EB. Protein association of the neurotoxin and non-protein amino acid BMAA (β-N-methylamino-L-alanine) in the liver and brain following neonatal administration in rats. Toxicol Lett 2014; 226:1-5. [PMID: 24472610 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The environmental neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) is not an amino acid that is normally found in proteins. Our previous autoradiographic study of (3)H-labeled BMAA in adult mice unexpectedly revealed a tissue distribution similar to that of protein amino acids. The aim of this study was to characterize the distribution of free and protein-bound BMAA in neonatal rat tissues following a short exposure using autoradiographic imaging and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The autoradiographic imaging of (14)C-L-BMAA demonstrated a distinct uptake of radioactivity that was retained following acid extraction in tissues with a high rate of cell turnover and/or protein synthesis. The UHPLC-MS/MS analysis conclusively demonstrated a dose-dependent increase of protein-associated BMAA in neonatal rat tissues. The level of protein-associated BMAA in the liver was more than 10 times higher than that in brain regions not fully protected by the blood-brain barrier which may be due to the higher rate of protein synthesis in the liver. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that BMAA was associated with rat proteins suggesting that BMAA may be misincorporated into proteins. However, protein-associated BMAA seemed to be cleared over time, as none of the samples from adult rats had any detectable free or protein-associated BMAA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Karlsson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Liying Jiang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Andersson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leopold L Ilag
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva B Brittebo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang L, Francois F, Pei Z. Molecular pathways: pathogenesis and clinical implications of microbiome alteration in esophagitis and Barrett esophagus. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:2138-44. [PMID: 22344232 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-0934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma is preceded by the development of reflux-related intestinal metaplasia or Barrett esophagus, which is a response to inflammation of the esophageal squamous mucosa, reflux esophagitis. Gastroesophageal reflux impairs the mucosal barrier in the distal esophagus, allowing chronic exposure of the squamous epithelium to the diverse microbial ecosystem or microbiome and inducing chronic inflammation. The esophageal microbiome is altered in both esophagitis and Barrett esophagus, characterized by a significant decrease in gram-positive bacteria and an increase in gram-negative bacteria in esophagitis and Barrett esophagus. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a major structure of the outer membrane in gram-negative bacteria, can upregulate gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines via activation of the Toll-like receptor 4 and NF-κB pathway. The potential impact of LPS on reflux esophagitis may be through relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter via inducible nitric oxide synthase and by delaying gastric emptying via cyclooxygenase-2. Chronic inflammation may play a critical role in the progression from benign to malignant esophageal disease. Therefore, analysis of the pathways leading to chronic inflammation in the esophagus may help to identify biomarkers in patients with Barrett esophagus for neoplastic progression and provide insight into molecular events suitable for therapeutic intervention in prevention of esophageal adenocarcinoma development in patients with reflux esophagitis and Barrett esophagus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liying Yang
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dietary factors regulate cytokines in murine models of systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev 2011; 11:22-7. [PMID: 21763466 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines play the active roles in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and contribute significantly to the immune imbalance in this disease. Conservative therapeutic approaches, such as dietary modifications have been shown to have some beneficial impact on the disease activity of the SLE. Over the past years, accumulating evidences have supported a major role for specific dietary factors, including calorie restriction, n-3/n-6 fatty acids, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, phytoestrogens or herbal medicine in the regulation of cytokines involved in SLE development. Although there are many reviews that discuss the issue of nutrition and immunity, there are relatively few articles that focus on the regulation of cytokines by dietary factors. This concise review will summarize those animal studies that investigated not only the outcome of autoantibody production and proteinuria, but also cytokines production. However, the field of dietary factors in the immunomodulation of SLE is still in its infancy. More clinical studies are needed to confirm the preliminary results and advance the knowledge in this field. Lifestyle modification and adjustments in diet are important and encouraged to be suggested as an adjuvant therapy for SLE.
Collapse
|
28
|
Bradley WG. Possible therapy for ALS based on the cyanobacteria/BMAA hypothesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 10 Suppl 2:118-23. [PMID: 19929743 DOI: 10.3109/17482960903285951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Although the cyanobacteria/BMAA hypothesis of the cause of ALS and other age-related neurodegenerative diseases remains to be proven, it is not too early to ask whether treatment would be possible if the hypothesis were correct. This paper reviews the possible ways that chronic BMAA neurotoxicity could be prevented or treated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter G Bradley
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14 Street, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nunn PB, Bell EA, Watson AA, Nash RJ. Toxicity of Non-protein Amino Acids to Humans and Domestic Animals. Nat Prod Commun 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1000500329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-protein amino acids are common in plants and are present in widely consumed animal feeds and human foods such as alfalfa ( Medicago sativa), which contains canavanine, and lentil ( Lens culinaris), which contains homoarginine. Some occur in wild species that are inadvertently harvested with crop species. Some nonprotein amino acids and metabolites can be toxic to humans, e.g. Lathyrus species contain a neurotoxic oxalyl-amino acid. Some potential toxins may be passed along a food chain via animal intermediates. The increased interest in herbal medicines in the Western countries will increase exposure to such compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter B. Nunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, St Michael's Building, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - E. Arthur Bell
- Formerly at the School of Biomedical Sciences, King's College London, WC2R 2LS, England, UK
| | - Alison A. Watson
- Phytoquest Limited, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, UK
| | - Robert J. Nash
- Phytoquest Limited, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Hong YH, Huang CJ, Wang SC, Lin BF. The ethyl acetate extract of alfalfa sprout ameliorates disease severity of autoimmune-prone MRL-lpr/lpr mice. Lupus 2009; 18:206-15. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203308095450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Previous study showed that soy isoflavone supplement alleviates disease severity in autoimmune-prone mice. As the ethyl acetate extract of alfalfa sprout (AS) has selective oestrogenic and anti-inflammatory activity, this study evaluated the effects of alfalfa sprout ethyl acetate extract (ASEA) on disease severity of systemic lupus erythematosus, using autoimmune-prone female MRL- lpr/lpr mice. In Experiment 1, five groups of 12-week-old female mice were per oral treated with vehicle (control), lyophilized AS (550 mg wt/kg BW), ASEA (ASEA, 25 mg/kg BW), coumestrol (CUM, 0.075 mg/kg BW) and tamoxifen (TAM, 0.375 mg/kg BW) as the positive control. The onset of proteinuria was delayed, and the life span was significantly longer in the ASEA and TAM groups but neither in the AS nor in the CUM groups, compared to the control. To examine the changes in the immunological parameters related to disease process, three more groups of MRL- lpr/lpr female mice (control, ASEA and TAM) were fed in a similar manner for 6 weeks in the Experiment 2. Flow cytometric analysis of splenocytes showed a significantly lower percentage of activated T cells in the ASEA and TAM groups. The ex-vivo interferon-γ and interleukin (IL)-4 production from splenocytes and tumour necrosis factor-α and IL-1β production from peritoneal exudate cells were also significantly lower in the ASEA group compared with the control. The ASEA group also had less severe glomerulonephritis. Thus, ASEA attenuated cytokine and inflammatory responses of self-reactive lymphocytes, decreased the disease severity, increased survival and life span of the autoimmune-prone MRL- lpr/lpr mice, suggesting a potential of ASEA in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YH Hong
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Institute of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - CJ Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Institute of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - SC Wang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Institute of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - BF Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Institute of Microbiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Wegener's Granulomatosis (WG) is closely associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA), particularly those directed to proteinase 3 (PR3). ANCA directed to myeloperoxidase (MPO) are associated with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and the Churg Strauss syndrome. PR3-ANCA associated vasculitis differs from MPO-ANCA associated vasculitis particularly in the occurrence of granulomatous inflammation and more widespread disease in the former condition. Studies in experimental animals strongly suggest a pathogenic role for MPO-ANCA, but this is less clear for PR3-ANCA. Here, we review pathogenic pathways in PR3-ANCA associated vasculitis focussing on unique patterns of PR3 expression on the neutrophil membrane in WG, as surface expression of PR3 is a prerequisite for stimulation by PR3-ANCA; (PR3-specific) cellular immunity in WG; and the role of Staphylococcus aureus carriage in this disease. These factors, together, may explain, at least in part, differences in clinical expression between MPO-ANCA and PR3-ANCA associated vasculitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C G M Kallenberg
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|