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Aydýngoz İ, Bingül İ, Vural P, Doğru-Abbasoğlu S. Major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A and macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene polymorphisms in a Turkish patient population with vitiligo. TURKISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/tjd.tjd_52_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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Fuchs S, Scheffschick A, Gunnarsson I, Brauner H. Natural Killer Cells in Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis - A Review of the Literature. Front Immunol 2022; 12:796640. [PMID: 35116030 PMCID: PMC8805084 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.796640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)- associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of systemic autoimmune diseases characterized by inflammation of small- and medium-sized vessels. The three main types of AAV are granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). A growing number of studies focus on natural killer (NK) cells in AAV. NK cells are innate lymphoid cells with important roles in anti-viral and anti-tumor defense, but their roles in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity is less well established. In this review, we will present a summary of what is known about the number, phenotype and function of NK cells in patients with AAV. We review the literature on NK cells in the circulation of AAV patients, studies on tissue resident NK cells and how the treatment affects NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Fuchs
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Scheffschick
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iva Gunnarsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Brauner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Dermato-Venereology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Gianchecchi E, Delfino DV, Fierabracci A. NK cells in autoimmune diseases: Linking innate and adaptive immune responses. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:142-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Dijkstra JM, Yamaguchi T, Grimholt U. Conservation of sequence motifs suggests that the nonclassical MHC class I lineages CD1/PROCR and UT were established before the emergence of tetrapod species. Immunogenetics 2017; 70:459-476. [DOI: 10.1007/s00251-017-1050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Identification of GAD65 AA 114-122 reactive 'memory-like' NK cells in newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetic patients by HLA-class I pentamers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189615. [PMID: 29236750 PMCID: PMC5728516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease, in which pancreatic β cells are destroyed by autoreactive T cells in genetically predisposed individuals. Serum beta cell autoantibody specificities have represented the mainstay for classifying diabetes as autoimmune-mediated and for stratifying risk in first-degree relatives. In recent years, approaches were attempted to solve the difficult issue of detecting rare antigen-specific autoreactive T cells and their significance to etiopathogenesis such as the use of the MHC multimer technology. This tool allowed the specific detection of increased percentages of GAD65 autoreactive T cells by means of HLA A*02:01 GAD65 AA 114–122 pentamers in newly diagnosed diabetics. Here we provide evidence that GAD65 AA 114–122 pentamers can depict a GAD65 AA114-122 peptide expandable population of functionally and phenotypically skewed, preliminary characterized CD3-CD8dullCD56+ ‘memory-like’ NK cells in PBMC of newly diagnosed diabetics. Our data suggest that the NK cell subset could bind the HLA class I GAD65 AA 114–122 pentamer through ILT2 inhibitory receptor. CD107a expression revealed increased degranulation of CD3-CD8dullCD56+ NK cells in GAD65 AA 114–122 and FLU peptide expanded peripheral blood mononuclear cells of diabetics following GAD65 AA 114–122 peptide HLA A*02:01 presentation in respect to the unpulsed condition. CD107a expression was enriched in ILT2 positive NK cells. As opposite to basal conditions where similar percentages of CD3-CD56+ILT2+ cells were detected in diabetics and controls, CD3-CD56+CD107a+ and CD3-CD56+ILT2+CD107a+ cells were significantly increased in T1D PBMC either GAD65 AA 114–122 or FLU peptides stimulated after co-culture with GAD65 AA 114–122 pulsed APCs. As control, healthy donor NK cells showed similar degranulation against both GAD65 AA 114–122 pulsed and unpulsed APCs. The pathogenetic significance of the CD3-CD8dullCD56+ ‘memory-like NK cell subset’ with increased response upon secondary challenge in diabetics remains to be elucidated.
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Poggi A, Musso A, Dapino I, Zocchi MR. Mechanisms of tumor escape from immune system: role of mesenchymal stromal cells. Immunol Lett 2014; 159:55-72. [PMID: 24657523 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment represents the site where the tumor tries to survive and escape from immune system-mediated recognition. Indeed, to proliferate tumor cells can divert the immune response inducing the generation of myeloid derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells which can limit the efficiency of effector antitumor lymphocytes in eliminating neoplastic cells. Many components of the tumor microenvironment can serve as a double sword for the tumor and the host. Several types of fibroblast-like cells, which herein we define mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), secrete extracellular matrix components and surrounding the tumor mass can limit the expansion of the tumor. On the other hand, MSC can interfere with the immune recognition of tumor cells producing immunoregulatory cytokines as transforming growth factor (TGF)ß, releasing soluble ligands of the activating receptors expressed on cytolytic effector cells as decoy molecules, affecting the correct interaction among lymphocytes and tumor cells. MSC can also serve as target for the same anti-tumor effector lymphocytes or simply impede the interaction between these lymphocytes and neoplastic cells. Thus, several evidences point out the role of MSC, both in epithelial solid tumors and hematological malignancies, in regulating tumor cell growth and immune response. Herein, we review these evidences and suggest that MSC can be a suitable target for a more efficient anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Musso
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Irene Dapino
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino IST, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Zocchi
- Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele Milan, 20132 Milan, Italy
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Poggi A, Zocchi MR. NK cell autoreactivity and autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2014; 5:27. [PMID: 24550913 PMCID: PMC3912987 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidences have pointed out the relevance of natural killer (NK) cells in organ-specific and systemic autoimmune diseases. NK cells bear a plethora of activating and inhibiting receptors that can play a role in regulating reactivity with autologous cells. The activating receptors recognize natural ligands up-regulated on virus-infected or stressed or neoplastic cells. Of note, several autoimmune diseases are thought to be linked to viral infections as one of the first event in inducing autoimmunity. Also, it is conceivable that autoimmunity can be triggered when a dysregulation of innate immunity occurs, activating T and B lymphocytes to react with self-components. This would imply that NK cells can play a regulatory role during adaptive immunity; indeed, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), comprising the classical CD56+ NK cells, have a role in maintaining or alternating tissue homeostasis secreting protective and/or pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, NK cells display activating receptors involved in natural cytotoxicity and the activating isoforms of receptors for HLA class I that can interact with healthy host cells and induce damage without any evidence of viral infection or neoplastic-induced alteration. In this context, the interrelationship among ILC, extracellular-matrix components, and mesenchymal stromal cells can be considered a key point for the control of homeostasis. Herein, we summarize evidences for a role of NK cells in autoimmune diseases and will give a point of view of the interplay between NK cells and self-cells in triggering autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST , Genoa , Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Zocchi
- Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute San Raffaele , Milan , Italy
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Laskarin G, Zaputovic L, Persic V, Ruzic A, Sotosek Tokmadzic V. Harmful immune reactions during acute myocardial infarction. Med Hypotheses 2012; 78:703-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Laskarin G, Persic V, Ruzic A, Miletic B, Rakic M, Samsa DT, Raljevic D, Pejcinovic VP, Miskulin R, Rukavina D. Perforin-mediated cytotoxicity in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. Scand J Immunol 2011; 74:195-204. [PMID: 21388427 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to examine the role of perforin (P)-mediated cytotoxicity in the dynamics of tissue damage in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) treated with anti-ischaemic drugs. We enrolled 48 patients with NSTEMI in this study [age, 71.5 years; 61.5/76 (median, 25th/75th percentiles)]. The percentage of total peripheral blood P(+) lymphocytes was elevated owing to the increased frequency of P(+) cells within natural killer (NK) subsets, T and NKT cells in patients on day 1 after NSTEMI when compared with healthy controls. Positive correlations were found between cardiac troponin I plasma concentrations and the frequency of P(+) cells, P(+) T cells, P(+) NK cells and their CD56(+dim) and CD56(+bright) subsets during the first week after the NSTEMI. The expression of P in NK cells was accompanied by P-mediated cytotoxicity against K-562 targets at all days examined, except day 21, when an anti-perforin monoclonal antibody did not completely abolish the killing. The percentage of P(+) T cells, P(+) NKT cells and P(+) NK subsets was the highest on the day 1 after NSTEMI and decreased in the post-infarction period. CD56(+) lymphocytes were found in damaged myocardium, suggesting their tissue recruitment. In conclusion, patients with NSTEMI have a strong and prolonged P-mediated systemic inflammatory reaction, which may sustain autoaggressive reactions towards myocardial tissue during the development of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Laskarin
- Division of Cardiology, Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of Hearth and Lung Diseases and Rheumatism Thalassotherapia-Opatija, Opatija, Croatia.
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Conigliaro P, Scrivo R, Valesini G, Perricone R. Emerging role for NK cells in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthropathies. Autoimmun Rev 2011; 10:577-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wang H, Zheng X, Wei H, Tian Z, Sun R. Preparation and functional identification of a monoclonal antibody against the recombinant soluble human NKp30 receptor. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:1732-9. [PMID: 21718806 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
NKp30 is an important activating receptor of human natural killer (NK) cells that participates in NK cell activation and cytotoxicity against tumor and infected cells. To study the function of NKp30, anti-human NKp30 monoclonal antibody was prepared. The human NKp30 ectodomain (rhNKp30) was expressed in Escherichia coli as inclusion bodies and refolded using the dilution method. The refolded rhNKp30 was purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. The activity of soluble rhNKp30 was confirmed by flow cytometry and NK cytotoxicity assays. Four hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies against rhNKp30 were obtained. One of the monoclonal antibodies, designated as "3G5", was highly specific and could be used in western blotting, immunoprecipitation, ELISA, and flow cytometry assays. The preparation of soluble rhNKp30 and a monoclonal antibody against NKp30 may provide useful tools for further functional studies of human NKp30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
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Peelen E, Knippenberg S, Muris AH, Thewissen M, Smolders J, Tervaert JWC, Hupperts R, Damoiseaux J. Effects of vitamin D on the peripheral adaptive immune system: a review. Autoimmun Rev 2011; 10:733-43. [PMID: 21621002 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that a poor vitamin D status is associated with an increased risk of several diseases, including autoimmune diseases. The immune regulatory function of vitamin D is thought to have an important role in these associations. Cells of the adaptive immune system have shown to be direct targets of the vitamin D metabolites. Besides being direct targets, cells of the adaptive immune system express the enzymes involved in the metabolism of vitamin D, enabling them to locally convert 25(OH)D into its active metabolite 1,25(OH)2D. In this review, the effects of vitamin D on cells of the adaptive immune system are described. Experimental data in vitro show that vitamin D skews cells of the adaptive immune system toward a more tolerogenic status which might be exploited in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. However, it should be noticed that in vivo effects may differ from in vitro effects due to the cross-talk between different vitamin D sensitive cells, but data support the view that vitamin D is positively involved in maintaining or restoring immune homeostasis. Upcoming vitamin D supplementation trials will further elucidate the in vivo effects of vitamin D on the immune system and its potency to serve as an immune regulating agent in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Peelen
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Dammeyer P, Mwakigonja AR, Rethi B, Chiodi F, Wolpert EZ. Vaccination with beta(2)-microglobulin-deficient dendritic cells protects against growth of beta(2)-microglobulin-deficient tumours. Scand J Immunol 2009; 70:44-52. [PMID: 19522767 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2009.02270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Defects in cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class I antigen molecules are common in tumour cells. We have previously described the generation of adaptive immunity to tumour cells deficient in the transporter associated with antigen processing molecule. In this study, we demonstrate enhanced in vivo protection against growth of beta(2)-microglobulin-deficient tumour cells in syngeneic C57Bl/6 mice, following vaccination with beta(2)-microglobulin-deficient dendritic cells. In vitro analysis suggested that vaccinated mice produced CD3+ cells, which could induce apoptosis in syngeneic beta(2)-microglobulin-deficient tumour and non-malignant cells. Further investigation of target cell recognition suggested that also tumour cells lacking expression of classical major histocompatibility complex class I heavy chains and functional transporter associated with antigen processing molecules were recognized by CD3+ effector cells from vaccinated mice. Histopathological examination of organs from vaccinated mice showed no significant vaccination-induced pathology. The present findings point to a new possible strategy to counteract the growth of major histocompatibility complex class I-deficient tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dammeyer
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Perricone R, Perricone C, De Carolis C, Shoenfeld Y. NK cells in autoimmunity: a two-edg'd weapon of the immune system. Autoimmun Rev 2008; 7:384-90. [PMID: 18486926 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2008.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the innate-immune system and respond rapidly to a variety of insults via cytokine secretion and cytolytic activity. Their main function is first line of innate immunity across viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. NK-cells are not solely killers but can also act as regulators of adaptive immunity. It is evident from literature that NK-cells are deeply involved in autoimmunity, but the question is how and why they act as a two edged weapon. Number of circulating NK-cells can be frequently altered depending on the disease taken into consideration. Cytokine milieu, the microenvironment in which they mature and other stimuli acting on different cell surface receptors may differently trigger NK-cells response and influence their role in autoimmune diseases. Functional differences between NK-cells at different anatomical sites, the adaptability of NK-cells effector responses and genetic factors may also explain differences in such responses. Thus, NK-cell alterations may be associated with increased autoimmunity and the modulation in the number of circulating NK-cells seems to be a primary event rather than an active inflammation/drug administration consequence during inflammatory/autoimmune processes, playing a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of a number of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Perricone
- Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, Rome, Italy.
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