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Zong ZW, Wang ZN, Chen SX, Qin H, Zhang LY, Shen Y, Yang L, Du WQ, Chen C, Zhong X, Zhang L, Huo JT, Kuai LP, Shu LX, Du GF, Zhao YF. Chinese expert consensus on echelons treatment of thoracic injury in modern warfare. Mil Med Res 2018; 5:34. [PMID: 30286811 PMCID: PMC6171144 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-018-0181-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergency treatment of thoracic injuries varies of general conditions and modern warfare. However, there are no unified battlefield treatment guidelines for thoracic injuries in the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA). An expert consensus has been reached based on the epidemiology of thoracic injuries and the concept of battlefield treatment combined with the existing levels of military medical care in modern warfare. Since there are no differences in the specialized treatment for thoracic injuries between general conditions and modern warfare, first aid, emergency treatment, and early treatment of thoracic injuries are introduced separately in three levels in this consensus. At Level I facilities, tension pneumothorax and open pneumothorax are recommended for initial assessment during the first aid stage. Re-evaluation and further treatment for hemothorax, flail chest, and pericardial tamponade are recommended at Level II facilities. At Level III facilities, simple surgical operations such as emergency thoracotomy and debridement surgery for open pneumothorax are recommended. The grading standard for evidence evaluation and recommendation was used to reach this expert consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Wen Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of War Wound Rescue Skills Training, Base of Army Health Service Training, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Zhi-Nong Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Si-Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of War Wound Rescue Skills Training, Base of Army Health Service Training, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of War Wound Rescue Skills Training, Base of Army Health Service Training, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lian-Yang Zhang
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yue Shen
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of War Wound Rescue Skills Training, Base of Army Health Service Training, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wen-Qiong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of War Wound Rescue Skills Training, Base of Army Health Service Training, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Can Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of War Wound Rescue Skills Training, Base of Army Health Service Training, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Department of War Wound Rescue Skills Training, Base of Army Health Service Training, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Special Clinic Department of Bethune Medical Profession Sergeant School, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Jiang-Tao Huo
- Special Clinic Department of Bethune Medical Profession Sergeant School, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Li-Ping Kuai
- Institute of Health Service and Medical Information, Academy of Military Medical Sciences of the Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Li-Xin Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Guo-Fu Du
- Institute of Health Service and Medical Information, Academy of Military Medical Sciences of the Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhao
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
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Endovascular Skills for Trauma and Resuscitative Surgery (ESTARS) course: curriculum development, content validation, and program assessment. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2014; 76:929-35; discussion 935-6. [PMID: 24662854 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000000164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of hemorrhage shock requires support of central aortic pressure including perfusion to the brain and heart as well as measures to control bleeding. Emerging endovascular techniques including resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta serve as potential lifesaving adjuncts in this setting. The Endovascular Skills for Trauma and Resuscitative Surgery (ESTARS) course was developed to provide fundamental endovascular training for trauma surgeons. METHODS ESTARS 2-day course incorporated pretest/posttest examinations, precourse materials, lectures, endovascular and open vascular instruments, Vascular Intervention System Trainer endovascular simulator, and live animal laboratories for training and testing. Curriculum included endovascular techniques for trauma; review of wires, sheaths, and catheters; as well as regional vascular injury management. Animal laboratories integrated arterial access, angiography, coil embolization, resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta, control of iliac artery injury, and vascular shunt placement. Students completed a knowledge test (precourse/postcourse) and a summative skills assessment. The test measured knowledge and judgment in vascular injury management as defined in the course objectives. Vascular Intervention System Trainer and animal laboratory were used for final examinations. Subjective performance was graded by expert observers using a global assessment scale and performance metrics. RESULTS Four pilot ESTARS courses were completed, with four participants each. Knowledge and performance significantly improved after ESTARS. Mean test examination scores increased by 77% to 85%, with a mean change of 9 percentage points [paired t (15) = 7.82, p < 0.0001]. The test was unidimensional (Cronbach's α = 0.67). Technical skill significantly improved for both endovascular simulation and live animal laboratory examinations. All participants passed the live animal laboratory practical examination. CONCLUSION The ESTARS curriculum is effective at teaching a basic set of endovascular skills for resuscitation and hemorrhage control to trauma surgeons. ESTARS was confirmed as a stepwise and hierarchical curriculum demonstrating measurable improvements in performance metrics and should serve as a model for future competency-based structured training in endovascular trauma skills.
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Alvarez Marcos F, Garcia de la Torre A, Alonso Perez M, Llaneza Coto JM, Camblor Santervas LA, Zanabili Al Sibbai AA, Garcia-Cosio Mir JM, Vega Garcia F, Rodriguez Menendez JE. Use of aortic extension cuffs for preserving hypogastric blood flow in endovascular aneurysm repair with aneurysmal involvement of common iliac arteries. Ann Vasc Surg 2012; 27:139-45. [PMID: 22841756 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intentional hypogastric artery covering during endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (EVAR) can carry a non-negligible rate of complications; to preserve pelvic blood flow, several approaches are in use, such as sandwich techniques, branched iliac devices, or the use of aortic extender cuffs in a bell-bottom configuration. We assess the performance of the latter for treatment of common iliac artery aneurysms during EVAR. METHODS Prospective gathering of data in 21 dilated common iliac arteries (18-25 mm) with coexisting abdominal aorta aneurysm, which were treated from 2005 to 2010 and received a GORE(®) Excluder endograft and one (n = 14) or several aortic extenders in a bell-bottom configuration. Control group consisted of 136 EVARs performed with the same device in the same time frame. Median follow-up was of 47 months, with contrast-enhanced computed tomography assessment 1 month after the procedure and yearly thereafter. RESULTS Age and comorbidities were homogeneously distributed among groups, although the aortic aneurysm diameter was lower in the bell-bottom group (50 mm vs. 58.2 mm, P < 0.001). There was no 30-day mortality registered in this group, and only one patient died during follow-up (5.3%), without relation with the aneurysmal disease. No significant differences were found in reintervention (15.8% vs. 14.7%, P = 0.707) or endoleak rates (36.8% vs. 38.9%, Fisher P = 1). There were no type I and four type II endoleaks, two of which precised treatment for sac growth. Endoleak-free survival (P = 0.994) and reintervention-free survival (P = 0.563) did not show differences either. CONCLUSION Bell-bottom technique is a feasible and safe alternative for preserving hypogastric blood flow, and does not imply a higher risk of reintervention or endoleak at 3-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Alvarez Marcos
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Asturias University Central Hospital, Oviedo, Spain.
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