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Shinoda D, Yuri K, Miyagawa A, Yokoyama N. A Case of Popliteal Venous Aneurysm Diagnosed after Sudden Cardiac Arrest. Ann Vasc Dis 2024; 17:188-191. [PMID: 38919330 PMCID: PMC11196170 DOI: 10.3400/avd.cr.23-00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A popliteal venous aneurysm (PVA) is a rare vascular disorder. We report a case of PVA discovered through further evaluation of sudden cardiac arrest (CA) caused by a pulmonary embolism (PE). It is well-known that PVA causes PE; however, there are few reports of PVA causing CA. A tangential aneurysmectomy and lateral venorrhaphy were performed. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful. When contrast-enhanced computed tomography is performed to search for the cause of CA, PVA should be considered and thus, screening below the knee is recommended. At 1-year follow-up, there were no complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Shinoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Yuri
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobu Yokoyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Bokutoh Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Kamel MK, Blebea J. Small saphenous vein aneurysm diagnosis and treatment. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e255420. [PMID: 38087493 PMCID: PMC10728982 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-255420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Venous aneurysms are rare, particularly those arising from the superficial venous system. Current limited evidence suggests that congenital weakness of the vein wall, degenerative changes, trauma and inflammation are among potential causes. Surgical management has been the mainstay treatment modality of venous aneurysms. Surgical approaches and techniques should be tailored on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration aneurysm location, size, shape and presence of complications (ie, rupture or thrombosis). In this report, we present a male patient in his late thirties who presented with right leg swelling and achiness 2 years following right lower extremity blunt trauma and was found to have a 3 cm small saphenous vein aneurysm extending to the saphenopopliteal junction. The patient was successfully treated with excision of the aneurysm via a posterior approach. This case report adds to the current literature and may help to define future treatment recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed K Kamel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - John Blebea
- Department of Surgery, Central Michigan University College of Medicine, Saginaw, Michigan, USA
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3
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Patel R, Woo K, Wakefield TW, Beaulieu RJ, Khashram M, De Caridi G, Benedetto F, Shalhub S, El-Ghazali A, Silpe JE, Rosca M, Cohnert TU, Siegl GK, Abularrage C, Sorber R, Wittgen CM, Bove PG, Long GW, Charlton-Ouw KM, Ray HM, Lawrence P, Baril D. Contemporary management and outcomes of peripheral venous aneurysms: A multi-institutional study. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2022; 10:1352-1358. [PMID: 35940449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extremity venous aneurysms result in the risk of pulmonary embolism (PE) and chronic venous insufficiency. At present, owing to the rarity of these aneurysms, no consensus for their treatment has been established. The purpose of the present study was to review the presentation, natural history, and contemporary management of extremity venous aneurysms. METHODS We performed a retrospective, multi-institutional review of all patients with extremity venous aneurysms treated from 2008 to 2018. A venous aneurysm was defined as saccular or fusiform with an aneurysm/vein ratio of >1.5. RESULTS A total of 66 extremity aneurysms from 11 institutions were analyzed, 40 of which were in a popliteal location, 14 iliofemoral, and 12 in an upper extremity or a jugular location. The median follow-up was 27 months (range, 0-120 months). Of the 40 popliteal venous aneurysms, 8 (20%) had presented with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or PE, 13 (33%) had presented with pain, and 19 had been discovered incidentally. The mean size of the popliteal venous aneurysms presenting with DVT or PE was larger than that of those presenting without thromboembolism (3.8 cm vs 2.5 cm; P = .003). Saccular aneurysm morphology in the lower extremity was associated with thromboembolism (30% vs 9%; P = .046) and fusiform aneurysm morphology with a thrombus burden >25% (45% vs 3%). Patients presenting with thromboembolism were more likely to have had a thrombus burden >25% in their lower extremity venous aneurysm compared with those who had presented without thromboembolism (70% vs 9%). Approximately half of all the patients underwent immediate intervention, and half were managed with observation or antithrombotic regimen. In the non-operative cohort, three patients subsequently developed a DVT. Eight patients in the medically managed cohort went on to require surgical intervention. Of the 12 upper extremity venous aneurysms, none had presented with DVT or PE, and only 2 (17%) had presented with pain. Of the 66 patients in the entire cohort, 41 underwent surgical intervention. The most common indication was the absolute aneurysm size. Nine patients had undergone surgery because of a DVT or PE, and 11 for pain or extremity swelling. The most common surgery was aneurysmorrhaphy in 21 patients (53%), followed by excision and ligation in 14 patients (35%). Five patients (12%) had undergone interposition bypass grafting. A postoperative hematoma requiring reintervention was the most common complication, occurring in three popliteal vein repairs and one iliofemoral vein repair. None of the patients, treated either surgically or medically, had reported post-thrombotic complications during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS Large lower extremity venous aneurysms and saccular aneurysms with thrombus >25% of the lumen are more likely to present with thromboembolic complications. Surgical intervention for lower extremity venous aneurysms is indicated to reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and the need for continued anticoagulation. Popliteal aneurysms >2.5 cm and all iliofemoral aneurysms should be considered for repair. Upper extremity aneurysms do not have a significant risk of VTE and warrant treatment primarily for symptoms other than VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhusheet Patel
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Karen Woo
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Thomas W Wakefield
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Robert J Beaulieu
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Disease, Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Manar Khashram
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Auckland Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Sherene Shalhub
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Asmaa El-Ghazali
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Jeffrey E Silpe
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwell Health at Hofstra, Zucker School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY
| | - Mihai Rosca
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwell Health at Hofstra, Zucker School of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY
| | - Tina U Cohnert
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Graz Medical University, Graz, Austria
| | - Gregor K Siegl
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Graz Medical University, Graz, Austria
| | - Christopher Abularrage
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rebecca Sorber
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Catherine M Wittgen
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO
| | - Paul G Bove
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Gross Pointe Farms, MI
| | - Graham W Long
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Gross Pointe Farms, MI
| | | | - Hunter M Ray
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Houston College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Peter Lawrence
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Donald Baril
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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4
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Massive pulmonary thrombosis caused by a popliteal venous aneurysm: A case report. J Cardiol Cases 2022; 27:60-62. [PMID: 36788953 PMCID: PMC9911926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A venous aneurysm is characterized by a localized dilated lesion in most major veins. Popliteal venous aneurysms (PVAs) are rare; however, they are one of the causes of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), which can be critical due to the high mortality risk. We present a 21-year-old woman without prior medical history, who arrived by ambulance after having a transient cardio-pulmonary arrest. Contrast computed tomography revealed a massive PTE and a right PVA with a thrombus. Laboratory data suggested that she had no thrombotic predisposition. Therefore, we diagnosed her condition as a massive PTE that derived from a thrombus, which arose from the right PVA. After successful intravenous thrombolysis of the PTE and DVT, surgical plication of the right PVA was performed to prevent the recurrence of PTE. She has had no recurrence of PTE or DVT two years after surgical treatment. This case suggests that surgical plication might be an effective way of preventing recurrence in patients with PVA. Learning objective Popliteal venous aneurysm (PVA) occurrence is rare, but it can result in deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). To treat our patient who suffered transient cardiac-pulmonary arrest caused by a massive PTE, we first used a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and anticoagulant therapy. After the condition was stabilized, surgical plication of the right PVA was performed to prevent DVT recurrence. The present case suggests that surgical plication might be beneficial.
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5
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Kroeker J, Ashmeade S, Rhee R, Pu Q. Soleal venous aneurysm in a patient with a history of pulmonary embolism. J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech 2022; 8:729-731. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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6
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Lower leg mass in pulmonary embolism: a case of popliteal vein aneurysm. Emerg Radiol 2022; 29:615-619. [PMID: 35182255 DOI: 10.1007/s10140-022-02025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Popliteal vein aneurysms (PVAs) are rare entities, with less than 300 hundred cases reported in the global literature. Despite their rarity, they have immense consequences, having the potential to lead to life-threatening conditions such as pulmonary embolisms and even death. Hence, it is vital for clinicians to be aware of this condition. In this paper, we report a case of PVA and its imaging features seen on the varying imaging modalities. Diagnosis often may not be straightforward as it can mimic other non-vascular or soft tissue masses, hence understanding and appreciating its specific imaging appearances is essential. Generally, PVAs are treated surgically with good outcomes with no reported mortality or recurrence of pulmonary embolism.
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7
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Kim SM. A Popliteal Vein Aneurysm Accompanied by Lower Persistent Sciatic Vein. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2022; 56:325-329. [PMID: 34991388 DOI: 10.1177/15385744211068340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Popliteal venous aneurysms (PVAs) are rare. Surgical treatment is recommended because of the risk of deep vein thrombosis and fatal pulmonary embolism. A persistent sciatic vein (PSV) is also a rare anomaly. We report a case of a PVA accompanied by a lower PSV. A 70-year-old man was admitted due to left leg heaviness. He had undergone ablation of both great saphenous veins 6 years prior to the admission. Duplex ultrasound showed a PVA on his left leg, which was 3.2 × 2.4 cm in size. The patient was treated with tangential aneurysmectomy with lateral venorrhaphy. His symptom gradually resolved. He received warfarin at a therapeutic range for 3 months. Duplex ultrasound at 6 months later showed no evidence of any recurrent aneurysm or venous reflux. His follow-up has revealed no complications for 18 months. Surgical treatment and perioperative therapeutic anticoagulation are recommended for treating PVAs. Tangential aneurysmectomy with venorrhaphy is the most common and the simplest surgical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suh Min Kim
- Department of Surgery, 65542Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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8
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Hiromoto A, Sakamoto SI, Motoji Y, Amitani R, Yamaguchi T, Suzuki K, Yamashita H, Watanabe M, Kodani E, Ishii Y. Surgical Treatment of a Giant Popliteal Venous Aneurysm and Arteriovenous Fistula on the Adjacent Femoral Vein and Its Postoperative Findings. Ann Vasc Dis 2022; 15:197-200. [PMID: 36310742 PMCID: PMC9558144 DOI: 10.3400/avd.cr.22-00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of a giant popliteal venous aneurysm that caused massive pulmonary thromboembolism with an arteriovenous fistula draining into the adjacent proximal femoral vein is reported herein. Deep veins in the lower leg were occluded by thrombi. The inlet and outlet orifice inside the aneurysm was closed and aneurysmorraphy was performed. The fistula was retained on the estimation that it would maintain the blood flow and prevent thrombus formation inside the femoral vein. The aneurysm was shrunk, the femoral vein was patent, and the fistula was not observed 1 year later, although it still existed 1 week after the operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hiromoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital
| | - Shun-ichiro Sakamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital
| | - Yusuke Motoji
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital
| | - Ryosuke Amitani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital
| | - Takako Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School Musashikosugi Hospital
| | | | - Makoto Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School Tama Nagayama Hospital
| | - Eitaro Kodani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School Tama Nagayama Hospital
| | - Yosuke Ishii
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nippon Medical School Hospital
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9
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Krishan A, Droste JC, Molloy K, Bharath A, Riggott C, Guarasci F. Popliteal Vein Aneurysm Masquerading as a Baker's Cyst Leading to Pulmonary Embolism. Am J Med 2021; 134:1495-1498. [PMID: 34297976 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjli Krishan
- Department of Acute Medicine, Airedale NHS Foundation Trust, Keighley, UK
| | | | - Kevin Molloy
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Bradford Royal Infirmary, UK
| | - Amit Bharath
- Department of Radiology, Airedale NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Christy Riggott
- Department of Acute Medicine, Airedale NHS Foundation Trust, Keighley, UK
| | - Franco Guarasci
- Department of Acute Medicine, Airedale NHS Foundation Trust, Keighley, UK
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10
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Ito Y, Saito A, Shirai Y, Ishibashi K, Motomura N. Surgical treatment of symptomatic popliteal vein aneurysm with autologous saphenous vein panel graft. JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY CASES INNOVATIONS AND TECHNIQUES 2021; 7:645-648. [PMID: 34693095 PMCID: PMC8515164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We report a vein surgery procedure for popliteal venous aneurysms (PVAs). A 73-year-old woman with a long, irregularly shaped, PVA and thrombus underwent graft replacement using a manually made triple vein panel graft. Simple bypass grafting with a saphenous vein was unsuitable because of long defects and a size mismatch. We harvested the great saphenous vein from the right thigh, divided it into three segments, anastomosed it side-by-side on the long side, and created a venous panel graft. Good graft patency was confirmed at 4 years postoperatively, and the clinical course was stable without pulmonary embolism recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Aya Saito
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Yuki Shirai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ishibashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Noboru Motomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
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11
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Naganuma M, Kudo Y, Suzuki N, Masuda S, Nagaya K. Successful ligation of posterior tibial vein aneurysm performed according to intraoperative venography results. JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY CASES INNOVATIONS AND TECHNIQUES 2021; 7:665-668. [PMID: 34693099 PMCID: PMC8515167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A 23-year-old woman was diagnosed with a posterior tibial vein aneurysm that had resulted in deep vein thrombosis and a pulmonary embolism. The patient responded well to anticoagulation therapy, and surgical resection was planned to prevent recurrence. She was scheduled to undergo tangential aneurysmectomy and lateral venorrhaphy. However, the aneurysm could not be completely exposed because of adhesions. Therefore, venography was performed to identify the inflow and outflow vessels, which were ligated because an accessory venous communication was identified. Intraoperative venography can aid in the selection of simple ligation or reconstruction of a venous communication for the treatment of posterior tibial vein aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Naganuma
- Correspondence: Masaaki Naganuma, MD, PhD, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Aormori Prefectural Central Hospital, 2-1-1 Higashi-Tsukurimichi, Aomori City 030-8553, Japan
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12
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Nomura Y, Shun M, Kawashima M, Fujisue J, Fujimoto M, Miyahara S, Fukase K, Honda T, Mukohara N, Murakami H. Recurrent Pulmonary Embolism Caused by Superficial Femoral Vein Aneurysm. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2021; 55:882-884. [PMID: 34105418 DOI: 10.1177/15385744211022540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Venous aneurysms (VA), particularly superficial femoral VAs (SFVAs), are rare vascular lesions. A 65-year-old woman with a history of pulmonary embolism (PE), treated with tissue plasminogen activator and oral anticoagulation, was admitted to hospital for dyspnea. Enhanced computed tomography showed recurrent PE and right SFVA with a mural thrombus. The SFVA was not identified during the first PE. The PE was not massive and was treated with direct oral anticoagulants. The thrombus in the SFVA caused the PE, and surgical repair was performed to prevent further embolic events. Under general anesthesia, the SFVA was excised, and direct anastomosis was performed. PE recurrence, venous aneurysmal changes, and thrombosis were not noted at the 1-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikatsu Nomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hyogo Brain and Heart Center at Himeji, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Meng Shun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hyogo Brain and Heart Center at Himeji, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Motoharu Kawashima
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hyogo Brain and Heart Center at Himeji, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Jun Fujisue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hyogo Brain and Heart Center at Himeji, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masato Fujimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hyogo Brain and Heart Center at Himeji, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Miyahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hyogo Brain and Heart Center at Himeji, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Keigo Fukase
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hyogo Brain and Heart Center at Himeji, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tasuku Honda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hyogo Brain and Heart Center at Himeji, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Mukohara
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hyogo Brain and Heart Center at Himeji, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Murakami
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hyogo Brain and Heart Center at Himeji, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
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13
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Li X, Wu H, Zhang L, Song H, Zeng C. Popliteal Venous Aneurysm With Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Report. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2020; 55:491-494. [PMID: 33353495 DOI: 10.1177/1538574420976237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Popliteal venous aneurysm (PVA) is defined as an increase in the diameter of the popliteal vein, twice its normal dimension. Herein, we report a case of right PVA with severe pulmonary embolism in a 75-year-old woman who presented with sudden chest tightness and dyspnea. Clinical examination revealed hypotension and hypoxemia. Radiographic investigations revealed extensive pulmonary embolism and right fusiform PVA. Following thrombolysis, her blood pressure and oxygen saturation normalized. However, she developed right calf swelling, and angiography revealed a thrombus in the right PVA, which was managed by catheter-directed thrombolysis. Thereafter, a vascular bypass was performed using the left great saphenous vein as a conduit to treat recurrent thrombosis. Subsequent venography indicated a patent vein graft, acceptable blood flow velocity, no thrombosis residue, and no significant thrombosis. Follow-ups at 3, 6, and 12 months revealed satisfactory outcomes. In conclusion, if the systemic condition is conducive, a surgical resection and reconstruction of the popliteal vein is recommended for the treatment of PVAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Huaping Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Huanhuan Song
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Cunliang Zeng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Sichuan, China
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14
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Nishizawa M, Igari K, Hirokawa M, Kurihara N, Katsui S, Kudo T, Uetake H. A Case of Total Excision of a Thrombosed-Venous Aneurysm in the Sural Vein. Ann Vasc Dis 2020; 13:322-325. [PMID: 33384739 PMCID: PMC7751067 DOI: 10.3400/avd.cr.20-00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous aneurysm (VA) is an uncommon vascular disease; however, VA, especially in the lower extremities, can lead to critical complications, such as pulmonary embolism (PE). We report a case with a VA located in the sural vein (SV), which did not lead to PE; however, it had the potential to cause PE. Therefore, we treated this VA by total excision. The popliteal vein (PV) is the most common VA location in the lower extremities, but SV is extremely rare. We should always be aware that, in addition to the PV, VAs may also occur in the SV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nishizawa
- Department of Specialized Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Kimihiro Igari
- Department of Specialized Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | | | | | - Sotaro Katsui
- Department of Specialized Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Toshifumi Kudo
- Department of Specialized Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Hiroyuki Uetake
- Department of Specialized Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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15
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Kawatani Y, Tajima A, Yamasaki M, Yamaguchi T, Oguri A. Popliteal Venous Aneurysm and Pulmonary Embolism Initially Presenting with Recurrent Pre-syncope: A Case Report. EJVES Vasc Forum 2020; 48:19-22. [PMID: 33078164 PMCID: PMC7341352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvsvf.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Popliteal venous aneurysm (PVA) can lead to recurrent pulmonary embolism (PE) and therefore necessitates prompt diagnosis and treatment. PVAs are often asymptomatic, and their most common symptoms are associated with thrombosis. The clinical presentation of PVAs varies from asymptomatic to PE induced cardiopulmonary arrest, but there are few reports of cases initially presenting with transient impairment of consciousness. Report A 75 year old man was referred with recurrent episodes of pre-syncope. He had normal vital signs and oxygen saturations, and his electrocardiogram was normal. Detailed interview revealed that the patient had suffered from calf pain and swelling before visiting the clinic. Therefore, an evaluation for deep venous thrombosis and PE was conducted. Lower limb ultrasound revealed an enlarged popliteal vein, measuring 20 mm in diameter, with a spontaneous echo contrast. Enhanced computed tomography showed peripheral pulmonary artery embolism. The patient was diagnosed with PE secondary to PVA. An inferior vena cava filter was inserted, followed by tangential aneurysmectomy and lateral venorrhaphy; apixaban 10 mg/day was initiated on post-operative day 1. The filter was removed one week after the surgery, and the patient remained symptom free on completion of treatment and did not complain of any symptoms such as pre-syncope. Discussion This patient with PVA presented with the initial symptoms of repeated pre-syncopal episodes that were attributed to recurrent PE caused by thrombi from a PVA. Complete symptom resolution was obtained by inferior vena cava filter placement, PVA surgery, and post-operative anticoagulation. Transient consciousness disorders such as pre-syncope can be the initial symptoms of PVA and PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kawatani
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Takasaki Heart Hospital, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Akari Tajima
- Department of Cardiology, Takasaki Heart Hospital, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Motoshige Yamasaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Takasaki Heart Hospital, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Takasaki Heart Hospital, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Oguri
- Department of Cardiology, Takasaki Heart Hospital, Takasaki, Japan
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Yamamoto Y, Kimura K, Takago S, Kato H, Iino K, Takemura H. Aneurysm resection interposed with a spiral saphenous vein graft in a patient with a popliteal venous aneurysm with thrombosis. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2019; 7:898-901. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Patel R, Hanish S, Baril D, Woo K, Lawrence P. Contemporary management of lower extremity venous aneurysms. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2019; 7:860-864. [PMID: 31495768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lower extremity venous aneurysms may lead to serious morbidity in patients, including pulmonary embolism (PE) and chronic venous insufficiency. Presently, because of the low incidence of these aneurysms, no consensus for their treatment exists. The purpose of this study was to review the presentation and management of lower extremity venous aneurysms at our institution. METHODS A retrospective review of all patients with isolated lower extremity venous aneurysms treated at a single tertiary care medical center from 2005 to 2017 was conducted. RESULTS Five male and six female patients with lower extremity venous aneurysms were identified, with a mean age of 50.4 years. Three patients presented with deep venous thrombosis or PE, three presented with pain, and five venous aneurysms were found incidentally. Nine of 11 patients had aneurysms involving the popliteal vein; one was in the iliac vein, and one was in the common femoral vein. Diagnosis was made by duplex ultrasound in five patients, magnetic resonance imaging in five patients, and computed tomography venography in one patient. Mean aneurysm to adjacent vein ratio was 2.62. No patients who had venous aneurysms discovered incidentally suffered thromboembolic complications. Three patients who were initially treated conservatively went on to eventual surgical intervention. Six patients underwent surgical intervention. The indication for operation was deep venous thrombosis or PE in three patients and lower extremity swelling in three patients; all were symptomatic at presentation. Three patients had simple venorrhaphy, two patients had aneurysmectomy and ligation of the vein, and one patient underwent aneurysmectomy with placement of an interposition vein graft. Mean follow-up was 26 months, with no recurrent thromboembolism. Perioperative complications included postoperative hematoma (one) and superficial thrombophlebitis (one). CONCLUSIONS Lower extremity venous aneurysms continue to represent a rare yet potentially morbid vascular disease. Symptomatic patients demonstrated a clear benefit from surgery vs conservative management. Larger, multicenter studies are required to properly characterize the natural history and management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhusheet Patel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif.
| | - Stefan Hanish
- College of Letters and Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Donald Baril
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Karen Woo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif
| | - Peter Lawrence
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif
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18
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Emmerich J, Blachier V, Fanon L, Mairesse S, Cordier C, Alsac JM. Treatment of popliteal venous aneurysms by femoral vein ligation. JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY CASES INNOVATIONS AND TECHNIQUES 2019; 5:228-231. [PMID: 31297472 PMCID: PMC6598725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Popliteal venous aneurysms are highly associated with local venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. We propose a simple and new surgical therapy for popliteal venous aneurysm by ligation of the femoral vein. We describe the case of a woman with recurrent pulmonary embolism. Venous ultrasound examination showed a venous aneurysm of the right popliteal fossa. We proposed a ligature-section of the femoral vein just below the confluence of the great saphenous vein. After >6 years of follow-up, the patient is asymptomatic, with a completely normal life and only a small amount of edema of the right leg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Emmerich
- Department of Vascular Medicine and Cardiology, University Paris-Descartes, AP-HP, INSERM UMR 1153, Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Blachier
- Department of Vascular Medicine and Cardiology, University Paris-Descartes, AP-HP, INSERM UMR 1153, Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Laurie Fanon
- Department of Vascular Medicine and Cardiology, University Paris-Descartes, AP-HP, INSERM UMR 1153, Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Mairesse
- Department of Vascular Medicine and Cardiology, University Paris-Descartes, AP-HP, INSERM UMR 1153, Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Clémence Cordier
- Department of Vascular Medicine and Cardiology, University Paris-Descartes, AP-HP, INSERM UMR 1153, Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Alsac
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Paris-Descartes, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
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19
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Miyamotto M, Costa MDL, Granella VH, Angelo BZ, Corrêa de Andrade D, Raymundo CL, Moreira RCR. Popliteal vein aneurysm: report of two cases. J Vasc Bras 2018; 17:170-173. [PMID: 30377430 PMCID: PMC6205701 DOI: 10.1590/1677-5449.009717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous aneurysms are rare and often diagnosed incidentally. Popliteal vein aneurysms are the most common type of venous aneurysms and have a strong association with the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis and recurrent pulmonary embolism. This article reports two cases of popliteal vein aneurysms associated with deep vein thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Miyamotto
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná - PUC-PR, Hospital Universitário Cajuru - HUC, Serviço de Cirurgia Vascular e Endovascular, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.,Instituto VESSEL de Aperfeiçoamento Endovascular de Curitiba, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.,Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças - HNSG, Serviço de Cirurgia Vascular e Endovascular Elias Abrão, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Marina de Lorenzo Costa
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná - PUC-PR, Hospital Universitário Cajuru - HUC, Liga Acadêmica de Medicina Vascular - LAMEV, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Victor Hugo Granella
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná - PUC-PR, Hospital Universitário Cajuru - HUC, Liga Acadêmica de Medicina Vascular - LAMEV, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Bruna Zimmerman Angelo
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná - PUC-PR, Hospital Universitário Cajuru - HUC, Serviço de Cirurgia Vascular e Endovascular, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Danielle Corrêa de Andrade
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná - PUC-PR, Hospital Universitário Cajuru - HUC, Serviço de Cirurgia Vascular e Endovascular, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Cintia Lopes Raymundo
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná - PUC-PR, Hospital Universitário Cajuru - HUC, Serviço de Cirurgia Vascular e Endovascular, Curitiba, PR, Brasil.,Instituto VESSEL de Aperfeiçoamento Endovascular de Curitiba, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Ricardo César Rocha Moreira
- Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças - HNSG, Serviço de Cirurgia Vascular e Endovascular Elias Abrão, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
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20
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A systematic review of venous aneurysms by anatomic location. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2018; 6:408-413. [PMID: 29661366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Venous aneurysms are uncommon vascular abnormalities that may be identified anywhere in the body. Historically, they were often misdiagnosed as soft tissue lesions, but with the advent of readily available noninvasive imaging (such as duplex ultrasound), they can now be easily identified. Our aim was to review the presentation of venous aneurysms, available imaging modalities for defining them, and management. METHODS The English-language literature before March 2017 was reviewed, and only reports of primary venous aneurysms of the deep veins were included. Reports were subdivided on the basis of the location of the venous aneurysm, and reports containing sample imaging studies were referenced from Elsevier publications. RESULTS In total, our review identified reports of 35 head and neck venous aneurysms, 42 thoracic venous aneurysms, 152 intra-abdominal venous aneurysms, and 279 venous aneurysms of the extremities. Venous aneurysms of the lower extremity deep veins were most likely to be manifested by venous thromboembolic events, with approximately 25% to 50% of popliteal vein aneurysms presenting with pulmonary embolism. Diagnosis can be made by duplex ultrasound, computed tomography venography, magnetic resonance venography, or invasive venography. Management varies by location; most thoracic and head and neck aneurysms are observed, whereas venous aneurysms of the extremities are treated with surgical intervention, given the potential for venous thromboembolism. Few reports describe endovascular management of these lesions, so open surgical intervention remains the standard of care. CONCLUSIONS Venous aneurysms are rare vascular malformations that occur throughout the body. Many are identified on routine imaging ordered for other indications, whereas venous aneurysms of the deep veins of the extremities are often manifested with venous thromboembolism. Management of these lesions is determined largely by location and the potential morbidity and mortality of the untreated aneurysms vs surgery; aneurysms of the head and neck and thorax are managed with observation and serial imaging over time, whereas those of the abdomen and extremities are treated with surgical intervention. Endovascular techniques continue to lack a defined role in their management, and the standard of care remains open repair, when indicated.
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21
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Ghali MGZ, Taylor JA, Mallon M, Gerety P, Shea P, Weinberger S, Urbine J, Raybagkar D. Popliteal Venous Aneurysm Presenting With Bilateral Pulmonary Thromboembolism. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2018; 52:287-290. [PMID: 29486675 DOI: 10.1177/1538574417754031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A 12-year-old boy presenting with chest pain and dyspnea was found to have bilateral pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) secondary to left popliteal venous aneurysm (PVA) with thrombus. He improved with thrombolytics, developed recurrent PTE, then underwent surgical repair of his PVA. The pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of PVA are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael George Zaki Ghali
- 1 Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,2 Department of Radiology, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,3 Department of Pediatrics Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jesse A Taylor
- 4 Department of Plastic Surgery Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary Mallon
- 2 Department of Radiology, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Gerety
- 5 Department of Plastic Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Paul Shea
- 6 Department of Critical Care Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharon Weinberger
- 7 Department of Cardiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Urbine
- 2 Department of Radiology, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deepti Raybagkar
- 3 Department of Pediatrics Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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22
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Zhao S, Wang X, Sheng H, Huang W, Zhu Y. Our experience of symptomatic and asymptomatic popliteal venous aneurysm. JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY CASES INNOVATIONS AND TECHNIQUES 2017; 4:1-4. [PMID: 29725658 PMCID: PMC5928000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvscit.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This report describes 7 cases of popliteal venous aneurysm, including 2 cases with tachypnea, 3 cases discovered during investigation for chronic venous disease, and 2 cases presenting with pain and mass in the popliteal fossa. Successful treatment was achieved by surgery or conservative treatment. Based on the treatments for popliteal venous aneurysm, surgical repair is primarily used in symptomatic patients; however, conservative treatment or a regular clinical and duplex ultrasound follow-up is recommended for asymptomatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yunfeng Zhu
- Correspondence: Yunfeng Zhu, MD, 185 Juqian St, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Abstract
SummaryOverall, aneurysms of the venous system constitute a rare disease. Up to March 2016, 1,199 venous aneurysms at various locations had been reported in the literature. The most common were aneurysms of the extrahepatic portal vein (n=247), followed by popliteal venous aneurysms (n=223) and, in third place, aneurysms of the internal or external jugular vein (n=143). Venous aneurysms are not usually diagnosed until they have become symptomatic or have led to complications, such as thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism. First-line treatment of symptomatic aneurysms is resection of the aneurysm and reconstruction of the vein using either direct suture or end-to-end anastomosis, depending on the location. Endovenous repairs have also been described in the literature. Venous aneurysms of the superficial venous system can usually be excised and the vein ligated. Long-term anticoagulation is reserved for isolated cases with thrombotic occlusion and recurrent pulmonary embolisms.
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24
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Life-threatening pulmonary embolism associated with multiple venous aneurysms. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2017; 5:413-416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Surgical treatment of popliteal venous aneurysms. Ann Vasc Surg 2015; 29:1084-9. [PMID: 26009475 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Popliteal venous aneurysms (PVAs) are rare; however, they can lead to pulmonary emboli (PEs) and death. The purpose of this study was to review our institutional management of PVA. METHODS All patients with PVA undergoing intervention in our institution were identified over a 15-year period (1998-2013). A retrospective review including clinical presentation, modality of diagnosis, surgical treatment, 30-day morbidity and mortality, and follow-up are reported. RESULTS Five male and 3 female patients with PVA were identified. Mean age was 38.6 years (range, 14-65). Five patients presented with PE; 1 developed PE while on anticoagulation. Two presented with lower extremity pain. Two patients had PVA found incidentally. Diagnosis of PVA was made by duplex ultrasound (US) in 6 patients, physical examination confirmed with duplex US in 1 patient, and magnetic resonance imaging in 1 patient. Mean aneurysm size was 26 mm (range, 20-37). Four were saccular and 4 fusiform. Three PVAs contained thrombus, including 2 patients presenting with PE and 1 with calf pain. Five patients underwent aneurysmectomy with lateral venorrhaphy, and 3 patients had resection of the aneurysm with interposition vein graft. There were no operative or 30-day mortalities. Two patients with vein grafts had early postoperative complications; one developed a hematoma that required operative evacuation and one had thrombosis of the vein graft requiring thrombolysis. Mean follow-up was 26 months with 87.5% primary patency, 100% secondary patency, and no recurrences. CONCLUSIONS PVAs are rare, but can lead to significant morbidity and death. Based on this small group, aneurysmectomy with lateral venorrhaphy appears to have fewer complications compared with those treated with vein grafts. Overall, operative repair of PVA is safe and recommended in select patients with PVA.
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Norimatsu T, Aramoto H. Surgical repair for popliteal venous aneurysm causing severe or recurrent pulmonary thromboembolism: three case reports. Ann Vasc Dis 2015; 8:56-8. [PMID: 25848436 DOI: 10.3400/avd.cr.14-00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poplitealvenous aneurysms (PVA) are associated with deep venous thrombosis and recurrentpulmonary thromboembolism (PE). We report three cases of PVA. In all three patients the first sign of PVA was acute PE; in one case, the PE was recurrent. Computed tomography and duplex ultrasonography revealed not only PE but also popliteal venous dilatation with thrombus. Surgical reconstruction was performed in each case after treatment for PE. No postoperative complications occurred, including recurrent PE. Surgical repair of PVA is safe and is a recommended treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Togo Norimatsu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruo Aramoto
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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Popliteal venous aneurysms: characteristics, management strategies, and clinical outcomes--a modern single-center series. Ann Vasc Surg 2014; 28:1816-22. [PMID: 25011086 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2014.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Popliteal vein aneurysm (PVA) may be an incidental finding on imaging, but often presents in the context of acute venous thromboembolism (VTE). The role of anticoagulation with or without surgical excision versus expectant management is ill defined. METHODS In this single-center, retrospective, cohort study, patient records from January 2002 to December 2013 were queried for terminology consistent with PVA. Demographic data and clinical outcomes were extracted via chart review. RESULTS A total of 21 patients with PVA were identified (57% male). Mean follow-up was 38 ± 31 months. Mean PVA diameter was 2.5 ± 1.1 cm; 67% were saccular (with the remainder being fusiform), 19% contained thrombus, 67% were left sided, and bilateral PVA was present in 24% of cases. At the time of PVA diagnosis, 14% had pulmonary embolism. Treatment consisted of observation only (62%), anticoagulation (19%), surgery (5%), or both anticoagulation and surgery (14%). There were no recurrences of VTE once treated, although there was 1 acute deep venous thrombosis in a patient who was managed conservatively. Two patients had recurrent PVA after surgery, and there were 2 surgical complications (transient foot drop and hematoma). CONCLUSIONS PVA is associated with VTE. Based on our series, it is unclear if incidentally discovered PVA (without VTE) warrants treatment with anticoagulation and/or surgical repair. Further multicenter studies are needed to establish the indications for safety and durability of surgery.
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Vermeer NCA, Elshof JWM, Vriens PWHE. Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of venous aneurysms. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2014; 2:349-353.e3. [PMID: 26993399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Venous aneurysms have been reported in most major veins and are often asymptomatic but can cause serious complications. Three patients with symptomatic venous aneurysms of the internal jugular vein, portal vein, and popliteal vein are presented, and their treatment and outcomes are discussed. Furthermore, presentation and management of the most frequent venous aneurysms, based on available literature, are evaluated. The literature supports conservative treatment of asymptomatic and nonthrombotic jugular, subclavian, thoracic, and visceral venous aneurysms. Surgery should be considered only for symptomatic venous aneurysms or in case of progressive expansion on follow-up. Prophylactic surgery is recommended for all patients with lower extremity deep venous aneurysms, by means of tangential aneurysmectomy with lateral venorrhaphy, because of the increased risk of pulmonary embolization. Postoperative anticoagulation is recommended for a period of at least 3 months after operative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina C A Vermeer
- Department of Vascular Surgery, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Willem M Elshof
- Department of Vascular Surgery, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick W H E Vriens
- Department of Vascular Surgery, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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29
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Popliteal vein aneurysm: Is it necessary to apply anticoagulants after a surgery? PHLEBOLOGIE 2014. [DOI: 10.12687/phleb2173-2-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
SummaryAim: This study is intended to evaluate indications for antithrombotic therapy in patients with tangentially resected popliteal vein aneurysm.Methods: Evaluation of the course of therapy in a patient with popliteal vein aneurysm. Literature review covered literature data published within the last decade. Studies were identified by searching Medline and PubMed databases for the following phrases: ”popliteal venous aneurysm” and ”popliteal vein aneurysm”.Results: The case study and literature review revealed that thromboembolic risk cannot be entirely eliminated by means of tangential resection of popliteal vein aneurysm. Vein suture and residual postoperative dilatation of the popliteal vein can be considered predisposing factors to thromboembolic complications.Conclusion: Patients with tangentially resected popliteal vein aneurysm involving vein suture can be administered oral antithrombotic therapy within three months postoperatively. Therapy extension should be made conditional on the degree of vein dilation reduction. Where the diameter at surgical site is larger than 20 mm, it appears appropriate to continue antithrombotic therapy and to repeat assessment in six months time.
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