Iatrogenic May–Thurner Syndrome After EVAR

May Thurner syndrome: Sixty years later

May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) was described sixty years ago. Once ignored for several years, it is currently a recognized pathology in the vascular surgery community; but not long ago due to several factors, it was underdiagnosed and sub-optimally treated. In the last 20 years, with renewed interest in venous pathology, technical imaging advances and the recent interventional procedures, it has become a better known disease. On the other hand, nowadays the easiness in diagnosis and treatment of the syndrome has lead to overtreatment of such patients. In this article, we do a historical review and describe the significant advances and current management of May-Thurner syndrome.

A Novel Approach to a Patient with both Aortoiliac and Venous Occlusive Disease

Radiation-induced arteritis is a well-recognized complication of radiotherapy; however, radiation-induced venous stenosis is very rare (Zhou W, Bush RL, Lin PH, et al. Radiation-associated venous stenosis: endovascular treatment options. J Vasc Surg 2004;40:179-182). We describe a case of mixed aortoiliac arterial occlusive disease and iliac venous outflow obstruction secondary to radiation-induced vascular disease. Several endovascular procedures were undertaken to treat aortoiliac occlusive disease, which was followed by stenting for venous occlusive disease.

Treatment of May–Thurner Syndrome in a Patient with an Iliac Artery Stent

May–Thurner syndrome (MTS) is caused by compression of the left iliac vein by the right iliac artery, leading to clinical manifestations of outflow obstruction in the lower limb and deep vein thrombosis. There have been increasing reports of iatrogenic MTS caused by medical implants. The authors report the case of a 60-year-old man who developed MTS after stenting of the right common iliac artery. Due to the debilitating nature of the patient’s symptoms of venous congestion in the left leg, he proceeded with endovascular venoplasty and venous stent insertion with concurrent intra-arterial balloon angioplasty of the existing right common iliac artery stent. Technical success and primary patency of arterial and venous stents were achieved. The patient remained asymptomatic at 6 weeks and 3 months follow-up and arterial and venous stents were found to be patent on duplex ultrasound. Surgical management of MTS may include thrombolysis, thrombectomy, venoplasty and stenting of the left common iliac vein. Care must be taken to preserve existing medical implants during treatment of MTS. The authors demonstrate that concurrent angioplasty of the right common iliac artery during treatment of the vein is an effective method of preventing arterial stent disruption during surgical management of MTS.

Iatrogenic Iliac Vein Compression Syndrome Caused Because of Inappropriate Length and Positioning of Vascular Graft

Iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS) can occasionally be iatrogenic; however, iatrogenic IVCS cases occurring because of inappropriate length and positioning of vascular grafts have not been reported. We present the case of an 80-year-old woman with iatrogenic IVCS resulting from kinked and overlapping limbs of a bifurcated abdominal vascular prosthesis for an abdominal aortic aneurysm. She complained of discomfort in her left leg immediately after aortic replacement. Venous stenting was effective for IVCS occurring because of compression of the vascular prosthesis. Iatrogenic IVCS occurred because of inappropriate length and positioning of the vascular graft and was considered a postoperative complication.

Atypical May-Thurner syndrome caused by endovascular aortic aneurysm repair

May-Thurner syndrome is characterized by unilateral lower extremity venous hypertension and stasis due to compression of an iliac vein between an iliac artery and the lumbar spine. In almost all cases, the left common iliac vein is compressed by the right common iliac artery; however, other patterns have been described. Rarely, May-Thurner syndrome may be created iatrogenically as a result of iliac artery stenting. We present an unusual case of new left common iliac vein thrombosis caused by ipsilateral left iliac artery compression after aortobi-iliac endovascular aneurysm repair.

Late-Onset Nonthrombotic Left Common Iliac Vein Compression Secondary to Degenerative Lumbar Disc: A Case Report of May-Thurner Variant

May-Thurner syndrome (MTS) refers to venous outflow obstruction caused by extrinsic compression of the left common iliac vein (LCIV) by the overlying pulsatile right common iliac artery against lumbar vertebrae. The classic clinical presentation is acute unilateral left leg painful swelling due to deep venous thrombosis in a young woman in the second or third decade of life. We present a case of a 66-year-old woman who presented with late-onset left leg swelling caused by nonthrombotic venous hypertension due to degenerative lumbar disc bulge leading to LCIV compression against the left common iliac artery which was confirmed by computed tomography and intravascular ultrasound. Our case highlights the importance of high index of suspicion for MTS in elderly patients with unilateral leg swelling and the importance of multimodality imaging for understanding the mechanism and appropriate treatment of MTS.

Bilateral May-Thurner syndrome refractory to iliac aneurysm repair

Venous complications of iliac artery aneurysms are rare. We report the case of bilateral iliac aneurysms that resulted in iliac vein outflow obstruction despite endovascular aneurysm repair. In our patient, bilateral iliac vein stenting resulted in symptom resolution.

May-Thurner Syndrome Variant Identified in a Cadaver: First Reported Case

May–Thurner syndrome (MTS) is defined as the compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery. Herein, we describe an unusual case of a male cadaver with right-sided compression of the inferior vena cava and the left and right common iliac veins by the right common iliac artery. This is an unusual variant of this syndrome and the first known case report. We suggest this variant be termed MTS type II due to the additional compression of the inferior vena cava.

An Unusual Endovascular Therapeutic Approach for a Rare Case of May-Thurner Syndrome

Patient: Male, 69

Final Diagnosis: May-Thurner syndrome secondary to left common iliac artery aneurysm

Symptoms: Left lower extremity edema • left lower extremity erythema • left lower extremity pain

Medication: —

Clinical Procedure: Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of the infra-renal abdominal aorta aneurysm and right common iliac artery aneurysm

Specialty: Cardiology