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Gao JP, Zhang HP, Wei R, Guo W. A Novel Method for the Rat Model of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Induced by Retroperitoneal Implantation of an Osmotic Pump System With Lipopolysaccharide. Ann Vasc Surg 2024; 101:41-52. [PMID: 38154490 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2023.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few methods can cocurrently mimic the pathological characteristics and nature history of human abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), especially for the exist of the self-healing tendency of rodents. This study tested a novel method for the AAA rat model induced by retroperitoneal implantation of an osmotic pump system with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) based on the hypothesis that chronic inflammation of perivascular adipose tissue directly influenced the development and progression of AAAs. METHODS 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats (10-month-old) fed with the Paigen diet were randomly divided into 4 groups: the blank group ×2, the sham group ×4, the empty capsule group ×4, and the LPS capsule group ×10. The LPS capsule group received implantations of the ALZET® osmotic pump capsule with LPS (3.6 μg/day) parallel to the abdominal aorta through a retroperitoneal approach. Two weeks later, 6 rats were randomly selected from the LPS capsule group to form the anti-inflammatory group and received implantations of another osmotic pump capsule with interleukin (IL)-10 (75 ng/day) through the same approach. The changes in abdominal aortic diameter were observed by ultrasound every 2 weeks, and samples were harvested for histopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis 6 weeks later. RESULTS Within the 6 weeks after modeling, the LPS capsule group showed sustained and significant aortic dilatation (P < 0.01), while the anti-inflammatory group showed a rapid and obvious shrinkage 2 weeks after the IL-10 osmotic pump capsule implantation (P < 0.01). The LPS capsule group presented excellent pathological mimicking of human AAAs and showed severe medial degeneration with the least elastic content among the 5 groups at the end of the sixth week (P < 0.05). Notably, the anti-inflammatory group showed perfect medial preservation with the most elastic content (P < 0.05) and the highest elastin/collagen ratio (P < 0.01) at the end of the study. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2 and 9 and toll-like receptor 2 showed strong expression in the LPS capsule group at the end of the sixth week, which was significantly higher than that in the blank group and sham group. Interestingly, the anti-inflammatory group showed a slightly higher MMP9 expression than the LPS capsule group though there was no statistical difference between them. CONCLUSIONS This novel method for the rat AAA model induced by retroperitoneal implantation of an osmotic pump capsule with LPS can concurrently mimic the histological characteristics and natural history of human AAAs. Further studies were needed to improve the osmotic pump system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Ping Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Peng Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ren Wei
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Bai L, Ge L, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Gu J, Liu L, Song Y. CtBP proteins transactivate matrix metalloproteinases and proinflammatory cytokines to mediate the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Exp Cell Res 2022; 421:113386. [PMID: 36244410 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening disorder that occurs in the aorta. The inflammatory thickness of the aneurysm wall and perianeurysmal fibrosis are two main causes of AAA pathogenesis; however, the molecular mechanisms involved in these two processes are still unclear. We discovered that C-terminal binding protein 1 (CtBP1) and CtBP2 were overexpressed in the aortas of AAA-model mice created by treatment with CaCl2 and elastase. Molecular analyses revealed that the CtBP heterodimer couples with histone acetyltransferase p300 and transcription factor AP1 (activator protein 1) to transactivate a set of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs, including MMP1a, 3, 7, 9, and 12) and proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Knockdown of CtBPs or AP1 subunits or blockage of CtBPs with specific small molecule inhibitors significantly suppressed the in vitro expression of MMPs and proinflammatory cytokines. The administration of CtBP inhibitors in AAA-model mice also inhibited MMPs and proinflammatory cytokines, thereby improving the AAA outcome. Taken together, our results revealed a new regulatory mechanism involving MMPs and proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of AAA. This discovery suggests that targeting CtBPs may be a therapeutic strategy for AAA by attenuating the inflammatory response and matrix destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China.
| | - Lijuan Ge
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Jiwei Gu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Yanyan Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China.
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Zhu JX, Tang QQ, Zhou C, Shi XC, Yi SY, Yang Y. Establishment of a New Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Model in Rats by a Retroperitoneal Approach. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:808732. [PMID: 35282381 PMCID: PMC8905142 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.808732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Constructing an ideal model of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is of great significance to elucidate its complex pathogenesis. Therefore, we introduce a new and simple method to simulate human AAA and construct a rat AAA model through a retroperitoneal approach. Methods Forty healthy adult Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a control group, elastase + calcium chloride group (PPE+CaCl2), elastase group (PPE), and elastase + beta aminopropionitrile group (PPE+BAPN) according to a male-female ratio of 1:1, with 10 rats in each group. A retroperitoneal approach was used to free the infrarenal abdominal aorta in all four groups. In the PPE + CaCl2 group, 0.1 ml of elastase (approximately 5 U) was perfused into the arterial cavity for 20 min, and 1.0 mol/L calcium chloride was infiltrated out of the arterial cavity for 10 min. In the PPE group, 0.1 mL of elastase (approximately 5U) was perfused into the arterial cavity for 20 min, and normal saline was infiltrated out of arterial cavity for 10 min; the PPE + BAPN group combined with 0.3% BAPN drinking water/day on the basis of PPE group; the control group was treated with saline instead of elastase and calcium chloride. Abdominal aortic specimens were collected after 4 weeks of feeding. The diagnostic criteria of AAA were 50% dilation of the abdominal aorta or rupture of the aneurysm at 4 weeks after the operation. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, quantitative PCR (qPCR), western blotting assay, gelatine zymogram, and other methods were used. Results The operation time of the four groups was controlled at approximately 40 min, and the success rate of the operation was 100%. Survival rate: Control Group (100%) = PPE Group (100%) > PPE + CaCl2 Group (90%) > PPE + BAPN Group (40%); Aneurysm formation rate: PPE + BAPN Group (100%) > PPE + CaCl2 Group (80%) > PPE Group (60%) > Control Group (0%); Aneurysm rupture rate: PPE + BAPN group (60%) > PPE + CaCl2 group (12.5%) > PPE group (0%);Inflammatory cells (macrophages, T cells, B cells, dendritic cells) infiltrated in different degrees in the PPE + CaCl2, PPE and PPE + BAPN groups. Vascular thickness, elastic fiber content, collagen fiber content, and vascular smooth muscle cell content in the PPE + CaCl2 group and PPE + BNPA group were significantly lower than those in Control group (P < 0.05). The content of elastic fibers and vascular smooth muscle cells in the PPE group were significantly lower than that in Control group (P < 0.05). The expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 in the PPE + CaCl2 group, PPE group, and PPE + BNPA group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions A new, simple, and reproducible rat AAA model can be constructed by a retroperitoneal approach. The pathological features of the three models are effective simulation of human AAA inflammatory cell infiltration, protease activity enhancement, and extracellular matrix destruction. The PPE+ CaCl2 model has the advantages of a high survival rate, high aneurysm formation rate, good stability, and reproducibility. It is an ideal animal model for studying the pathogenesis of AAA. The PPE + BAPN model can simulate the characteristics of spontaneous rupture of aneurysms. It is an ideal animal model to study the mechanism of AAA rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xing Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuang Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital, North Sichuang Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Quan-Qiao Tang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuang Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital, North Sichuang Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Can Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuang Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital, North Sichuang Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xing-Chi Shi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuang Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital, North Sichuang Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Si-Yi Yi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuang Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital, North Sichuang Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuang Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital, North Sichuang Medical College, Nanchong, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Yang
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Wu W, Zhang J, Shao L, Huang H, Meng Q, Shen Z, Teng X. Evaluation of Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms after Endovascular Aneurysm Repair. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 15:136-143. [PMID: 34711694 PMCID: PMC9148833 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc21027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) participate in vascular repair and predict cardiovascular outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between EPCs and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Methods and Results Patients (age 67±9.41 years) suffering from AAAs (aortic diameters 58.09±11.24 mm) were prospectively enrolled in this study. All patients received endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Blood samples were taken preoperatively and 14 days after surgery from patients with aortic aneurysms. Samples were also obtained from age-matched control subjects. Circulating EPCs were defined as those cells that were double positive for CD34 and CD309. Rat models of AAA formation were generated by the peri-adventitial elastase application of either saline solution (control; n=10), or porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE; n=14). The aortas were analyzed using an ultrasonic video system and immunohistochemistry. The levels of CD34+/CD309+ cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations were measured by flow cytometry. The baseline numbers of circulating EPCs (CD34+/CD309+) in the peripheral blood were significantly smaller in AAA patients compared with control subjects. The number of EPCs doubled by the 14th day after EVAR. A total of 78.57% of rats in the PPE group (11/14) formed AAAs (dilation ratio >150%). The numbers of EPCs from defined AAA rats were significantly decreased compared with the control group. Conclusions EPC levels may be useful for monitoring abdominal aorta aneurysms and rise after EVAR in patients with aortic aneurysms, and might contribute to the rapid endothelialization of vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lianbo Shao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haoyue Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyou Meng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Teng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Fan Y, Li N, Liu C, Dong H, Hu X. Excessive Methionine Supplementation Exacerbates the Development of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Rats. J Vasc Res 2019; 56:230-240. [PMID: 31307051 DOI: 10.1159/000501313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between methionine (Met) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has been previously demonstrated, but the mechanisms controlling this association remain unclear. This study investigated the potential contribution of hypermethioninemia (HMet) to the development of AAA. METHODS A model of AAA was induced by intraluminal porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) infusion in 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 4 groups (n = 15 per group). Met was supplied by intragastric administration (1 g/kg body weight/day) from 1 week before surgery until 4 weeks after surgery. The aortic diameter was measured by ultrasound. Aortas were collected 4 weeks after surgery and subjected to biochemical analysis, histological assays, and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS After 5 weeks of Met supplementation, HMet increased the dilation ratio of the HMet + PPE group, and hyperhomocysteinemia was also induced in HMet and HMet + PPE rats. Increased matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), osteopontin, and interleukin-6 expression was detected in HMet + PPE rats. Furthermore, increased autophagy was detected in the HMet + PPE group. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that HMet may exacerbate the formation of AAA due to the increased dilation ratio partially via enhancing MMP-2 and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Fan
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chengwei Liu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Haipeng Dong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin City, China
| | - Xinhua Hu
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China,
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Avery MB, Alaqeel A, Bromley AB, Chen YX, Wong JH, Eesa M, Mitha AP. A refined experimental model of fusiform aneurysms in a rabbit carotid artery. J Neurosurg 2019; 131:88-95. [PMID: 30052160 DOI: 10.3171/2018.2.jns173168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reliable animal models are an important aspect of translational research, especially for relatively uncommon clinical entities such as fusiform aneurysms. While several animal models exist, very few are tailored to cerebral fusiform aneurysms, which have unique attributes compared to abdominal fusiform aneurysms. The authors aimed to build from previous models to create a cerebral fusiform aneurysm model that is simple to use and reliable. METHODS Twelve female New Zealand White rabbits were assigned to 3 groups: group E, elastase only; group C, CaCl2 only; group EC, elastase + CaCl2. All rabbits underwent surgical exposure of the right common carotid artery (CCA) and 20 minutes of peri-carotid incubation with their respective chemicals. Angiography was performed 6 weeks later for arterial dilation measurements, with 50% increase in diameter being defined as fusiform aneurysm formation. The arterial segments, along with the contralateral CCAs, were harvested and assessed histologically for wall component measurements and elastin semiquantification. A separate rabbit underwent aneurysm creation per the group EC protocol and was treated with an endovascular flow-diversion device. RESULTS All of the group EC rabbits developed fusiform aneurysms (mean dilation of 88%), while none of the group E or group C rabbits developed aneurysms (p = 0.001). Histological analysis revealed increased internal elastic lamina fragmentation in the group EC aneurysms, which also had less tunica intima hyperplasia. All aneurysms exhibited thinning of the tunica media and reduction in elastin content. The use of an endovascular flow-diverting stent was successful, with complete parent vessel remodeling, as expected, 4 weeks after deployment. CONCLUSIONS The peri-arterial application of combined elastase and CaCl2 to the CCA appears sufficient to reliably produce fusiform aneurysms after 6 weeks. Exposure to elastase or CaCl2 individually appears insufficient, despite the observed histological changes to the arterial wall. The proposed fusiform aneurysm model is able to accommodate endovascular devices, simulating the tortuous pathway experienced in using such devices in human cerebral aneurysms and thus is a satisfactory model to use in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Avery
- 1Department of Neurosciences.,2Neuroscience Graduate Program
| | | | | | | | - John H Wong
- 1Department of Neurosciences.,5Department of Radiology, and.,6Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Muneer Eesa
- 1Department of Neurosciences.,5Department of Radiology, and
| | - Alim P Mitha
- 1Department of Neurosciences.,5Department of Radiology, and.,6Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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