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Ryskamp D, Seidler G, Olaitan O, Gigax BM, Habib A, Weaver T, Essandoh M, Awad H. Spinal Hematoma Following Fluoroscopic Placement of a Spinal Drain for Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair: Advantages of Paramedian versus Midline Approach. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2024:S1053-0770(24)00492-0. [PMID: 39117514 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2024.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- David Ryskamp
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH; Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Gabriella Seidler
- Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Oluwatosin Olaitan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Bradley M Gigax
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Alim Habib
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Tristan Weaver
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Michael Essandoh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Hamdy Awad
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH.
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Yunus RA, Saeed S, Levy N, Di Fenza R, Sharkey A, Pobywajlo S, Liang P, Schermerhorn M, Mahmood F, Matyal R, Neves S. A Multidisciplinary Protocolized Approach for Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Management: A Retrospective Before-After Study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2024; 38:755-770. [PMID: 38220517 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether implementation of a multidisciplinary protocol for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) management reduces rates of adverse complications. DESIGN A retrospective before-after study. SETTING A tertiary-care academic hospital. PARTICIPANTS Adult patients who underwent open or endovascular rAAA repair; data were stratified into before-protocol implementation (group 1: 2015-2018) and after-protocol implementation (group 2: 2019-2022) groups. INTERVENTION The protocol details the workflow for vascular surgery, anesthesia, emergency department, and operating room staff for a rAAA case; training was accomplished through yearly workshops. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included all-cause morbidity and other major complications. Differences in postoperative complication rates between groups were assessed using Pearson's χ2 test. Of the 77 patients included undergoing rAAA repair, 41 (53.2%) patients were in group 1, and 36 (46.8%) patients were in group 2. Patients in group 2 had a significantly shorter median time to incision (1.0 v 0.7 hours, p = 0.022) and total procedure time (180.0 v 160.5 minutes, p = 0.039) for both endovascular and open repair. After protocol implementation, patients undergoing endovascular repair exhibited significantly lower rates of mortality (46.2% v 20.0%, p = 0.048), all-cause morbidity (65.4% v 44.0%, p = 0.050), and renal complications (15.4% v 0.0%, p = 0.036); patients undergoing open repair for a rAAA exhibited significantly lower rates of mortality (53.3% v 27.3%, p = 0.018) and bowel ischemia (26.7% v 0.0%, p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS Implementation of a multidisciplinary protocol for the management of a rAAA may reduce rates of adverse complications and improve the quality of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayaan A Yunus
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine Department, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Shirin Saeed
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine Department, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Nadav Levy
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine Department, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Raffaele Di Fenza
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine Department, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Aidan Sharkey
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine Department, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Susan Pobywajlo
- The CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Patric Liang
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Marc Schermerhorn
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Feroze Mahmood
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine Department, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Robina Matyal
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine Department, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA.
| | - Sara Neves
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care & Pain Medicine Department, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
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Frankort J, Mees B, Doukas P, Keszei A, Kontopodis N, Antoniou GA, Jacobs MJ, Gombert A. Systematic Review of the Effect of Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage on Outcomes After Endovascular Descending Thoracic/Thoraco-Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2023; 66:501-512. [PMID: 37182608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether prophylactic use of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage in endovascular descending thoracic aortic aneurysm (DTAA) and thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair contributes to a lower rate of post-operative spinal cord ischaemia (SCI). DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL. REVIEW METHODS A literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021245893). Risk of bias was assessed through the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS), and the certainty of evidence was graded using the GRADE approach. A proportion meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the pooled rate and 95% confidence interval (CI) of both early and late onset SCI. Pooled outcome estimates were calculated using the odds ratio (OR) and associated 95% CI. The primary outcome was SCI, both early and lateonset. Secondary outcomes were complications of CSF drainage, length of hospital stay, and peri-operative (30 day or in hospital) mortality rates. RESULTS Twenty-eight observational, retrospective studies were included, reporting 4 814 patients (2 599 patients with and 2 215 without CSF drainage). The NOS showed a moderate risk of bias. The incidence of SCI was similar in patients with CSF drainage (0.05, 95% CI 0.03 ‒ 0.08) and without CSF drainage (0.05, 95% CI 0.00 ‒ 0.14). No significant decrease in SCI was found when using CSF drainage (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.29 ‒ 1.55, p = .35). The incidence rate of CSF drainage related complication was 0.10 (95% CI 0.04 ‒ 0.19). The 30 day and in hospital mortality rate with CSF drainage was 0.08 (95% CI 0.05 ‒ 0.12). The 30 day and in hospital mortality rate without CSF drainage and comparison with late mortality and length of hospital stay could not be determined due to lack of data. The quality of evidence was considered very low. CONCLUSION Pre-operative CSF drainage placement was not related to a favourable outcome regarding SCI rate in endovascular TAAA and DTAA repair. Due to the low quality of evidence, no clear recommendation on pre-operative use of CSF drainage placement can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle Frankort
- Department of Vascular Surgery, European Vascular Centre Aachen-Maastricht, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Vascular Surgery, European Vascular Centre Maastricht-Aachen, MUMC Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Barend Mees
- Department of Vascular Surgery, European Vascular Centre Maastricht-Aachen, MUMC Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Panagiotis Doukas
- Department of Vascular Surgery, European Vascular Centre Aachen-Maastricht, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andràs Keszei
- Centre for Translational & Clinical Research Aachen (CTC-A), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Kontopodis
- Vascular Surgery Department, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George A Antoniou
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael J Jacobs
- Department of Vascular Surgery, European Vascular Centre Aachen-Maastricht, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Vascular Surgery, European Vascular Centre Maastricht-Aachen, MUMC Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Gombert
- Department of Vascular Surgery, European Vascular Centre Aachen-Maastricht, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Milam AJ, Hung P, Bradley AS, Herrera-Quiroz D, Soh I, Ramakrishna H. Open Versus Endovascular Repair of Descending Thoracic Aneurysms: Analysis of Outcomes. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2023; 37:483-492. [PMID: 36522256 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Milam
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Penny Hung
- Medical Student, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Scottsdale, AZ
| | - A Steven Bradley
- Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Ina Soh
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Harish Ramakrishna
- Division of Cardiovascular Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Smeltz AM, Commander CW, Arora H. Pro: Fluoroscopic Guidance Should Be Routinely Used to Place Cerebrospinal Fluid Drains for Patients Undergoing Aortic Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2023; 37:179-182. [PMID: 36273944 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.09.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Smeltz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Clayton W Commander
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Harendra Arora
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; Outcomes Research Consortium, Cleveland, OH
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Ellauzi H, Arora H, Elefteriades JA, Zaffar MA, Ellauzi R, Popescu WM. Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage for Prevention of Spinal Cord Ischemia in Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Surgery-Pros and Cons. AORTA (STAMFORD, CONN.) 2022; 10:290-297. [PMID: 36539146 PMCID: PMC9767776 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) carries a risk of spinal cord ischemia (SCI) which exerts a devastating impact on patient's quality of life and life expectancy. Although routine prophylactic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage is not unequivocally supported by current data, several studies have demonstrated favorable outcomes. Patients at high risk for SCI following TEVAR likely will benefit from prophylactic CSF drains. However, the intervention is not risk free, and thorough risk/benefit analysis should be individualized to each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Ellauzi
- Aortic Institute at Yale New-Haven, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Surgery, Istishari Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | - Harendra Arora
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - John A Elefteriades
- Aortic Institute at Yale New-Haven, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mohammad A Zaffar
- Aortic Institute at Yale New-Haven, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Rama Ellauzi
- Department of Surgery, Istishari Hospital, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Wanda M Popescu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Ebeling C, Cheruku S. Anesthetic Management for Endovascular Repair of Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. Anesthesiol Clin 2022; 40:719-735. [PMID: 36328625 DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms-both abdominal and thoracic-are a significant cause of death and disability in the United States. Endovascular aneurysm repair has since become the preferred operative treatment of most thoracic and abdominal aneurysms because of a lower rate of complications and better outcomes compared with the open approach. Patients who present for endovascular aneurysm repair often have comorbid conditions related to their aortic pathology. These conditions should be evaluated and optimized before the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie Ebeling
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Mail Code 9068, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Sreekanth Cheruku
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Mail Code 9068, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Zhang W, Zhang L, Li X, Li M, Qiu J, Wang M, Shu C. Simultaneous Endovascular Repair Is Not Associated With Increased Risk for Thoracic and Abdominal Aortic Pathologies: Early and Midterm Outcomes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:883708. [PMID: 35711338 PMCID: PMC9197242 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.883708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Coexisting multilevel aortic pathologies were caused by atherosclerosis and hypertension and presented in a small subgroup of patients. Endovascular repair is a safe and effective treatment for a variety of aortic pathologies. However, fewer small series and cases were reported using simultaneous thoracic endovascular repair (TEVAR) and endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for both aortic segments. To determine the outcomes of simultaneous and separately TEVAR and EVAR treating for multilevel aortic pathologies. Between 2010 and 2020, 31 patients and 22 patients were treated by one-staged and two-staged repair, respectively at a single center. All patients had the concomitant thoracic and abdominal aortic disease (aortic dissection, aneurysms, and penetrating aortic ulcers). Compared with the patients with two-staged aortic repair, the one-staged repair patients were older (mean age, 68 vs. 57 years; P < 0.001) and had a larger preoperative maximal aortic diameter (67.03 ± 10.65 vs. 57.45 ± 10.36 mm; p = 0.002). The intraoperative and postoperative outcomes show that the procedure times and length of hospital stay (LOS) were longer in the two-staged group. There is no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups. In the follow up, the freedom from re–intervention and the mean survival rate for the one-staged group were 100 vs. 100%, 92.4 vs. 95%, and 88 vs. 88% at one, two, and 5 years, respectively, whereas the mean survival rate for the two-staged group was 86.4 vs. 90.5%, 87 vs. 90.5%, and 76 vs. 84% at one, two, and 5 years, respectively, all with no statistical difference. Combined TEVAR and EVAR can be performed successfully with minimal morbidity and mortality. The one-staged repair was not associated with the increased risk for multilevel aortic pathologies treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichang Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Qiu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mo Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chang Shu
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CHAN CH, DESAI SR, HWANG NC. Cerebrospinal Fluid Drains: Risks in Contemporary Practice. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2022; 36:2685-2699. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Prior Infrarenal Aortic Surgery is Not Associated with Increased Risk of Spinal Cord Ischemia Following Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair and Complex Endovascular Aortic Repair. J Vasc Surg 2021; 75:1152-1162.e6. [PMID: 34742886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with prior infrarenal aortic intervention represent an increasing demographic of patients undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) and/or complex EVAR. Studies have suggested that prior abdominal aortic surgery is a risk factor for spinal cord ischemia (SCI). However, these results are largely based on single-center experiences with limited multi-institutional and national data assessing clinical outcomes in these patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of prior infrarenal aortic surgery on SCI. METHODS The Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Quality Initiative database was retrospectively reviewed to identify all patients ≥18 years old undergoing TEVAR/complex EVAR from January 2012 to June 2020. Patients with previous thoracic or suprarenal aortic repairs were excluded. Baseline and procedural characteristics and postoperative outcomes were compared by group: TEVAR/complex EVAR with or without previous infrarenal aortic repair. The primary outcome was postoperative SCI. Secondary outcomes included postoperative hospital length of stay (LOS), bowel ischemia, renal ischemia, and 30-day mortality. Multivariate regression was used to determine independent predictors of postoperative SCI. Additional analysis was performed for patients undergoing isolated TEVAR. RESULTS A total of 9506 patients met the inclusion criteria: 8691 (91.4%) had no history of infrarenal aortic repair and 815 (8.6%) had previous infrarenal aortic repair. Patients with previous infrarenal repair were older with an increased prevalence of chronic kidney disease (p=0.001) and cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and smoking history (p<0.001). These patients presented with larger maximal aortic diameters (6.06±1.47 cm versus 5.15±1.76 cm; p<0.001) and required more stent grafts (p<0.001) with increased intraoperative blood transfusion requirements (p<0.001), and longer procedure times (p<0.001). Univariate analysis demonstrated no difference in postoperative SCI, postoperative hospital LOS, bowel ischemia, or renal ischemia between the two groups. Thirty-day mortality was significantly higher in patients with prior infrarenal repair (p=0.001). On multivariate regression, prior infrarenal aortic repair was not a predictor of postoperative SCI, while aortic dissection (odds ratio [OR] 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-2.16, p<0.001), number of stent grafts deployed (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.30-1.62, p<0.001), and units of packed red blood cells transfused intraoperatively (OR 1.33; 95% CI 1.03-1.73, p=0.032) were independent predictors of SCI. CONCLUSIONS Although TEVAR/complex EVAR patients with prior infrarenal aortic repair constituted a sicker cohort with higher 30-day mortality, the rate of SCI was comparable to patients without prior repair. Previous infrarenal repair was not associated with risk of SCI.
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Khemlani KH, Schurink GW, Buhre W, Schreiber JU. Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage in Thoracic and Thoracoabdominal Endovascular Aortic Repair: A Survey of Current Clinical Practice in European Medical Centers. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2021; 36:1318-1325. [PMID: 34507885 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this survey was to evaluate the daily clinical practice in European hospitals regarding the modalities to prevent spinal cord ischemia, with an emphasis on cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CSFD), in patients undergoing thoracic and thoracoabdominal endovascular repair. DESIGN A 21-item online survey on current practice of spinal cord protection with an emphasis on CSFD. SETTING Online service using Castor EDC software. PARTICIPANTS Members of the European Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care and European Society of Vascular Surgeons. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS One hundred eighty invitations were sent and 104 were used for analysis. A majority of respondents used a written protocol for spinal cord protection during endovascular thoracic and thoracoabdominal repair (81/104 = 78%). The most common protective measures used were CSFD (79/81 = 98%), controlled hypertension (59/81 = 73%), drugs (11/81 = 14%), and hypothermia (6/81 = 7%). The two most common indications for placement of a spinal catheter were the length of the stent (83/104 = 80%) and location of aneurysm (71/104 = 68%). Preventive placement of the spinal drain (96/104) is the most common approach. In the subgroup of high-volume centers, 86% (12/14) of the respondents used a written protocol and all protocols include CSFD. Ninety-two percent (11/12) had included controlled arterial hypertension in the protocol compared with 70% (48/69) of the non-high-volume centers respondents. CONCLUSIONS The majority of European centers use a written protocol that includes CSFD. This survey showed the similarities and differences in the management of CSFD in patients undergoing endovascular thoracic and thoracoabdominal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Houthoff Khemlani
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Anesthesia, Maxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Geert Willem Schurink
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Buhre
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Uwe Schreiber
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Miller LK, Patel VI, Wagener G. Spinal Cord Protection for Thoracoabdominal Aortic Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2021; 36:577-586. [PMID: 34366215 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Open and endovascular repairs of the descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta are associated with a substantial risk of spinal cord injury, namely paraplegia. Endovascular repairs seem to have a lower incidence of spinal cord injury, but there have been no randomized trials comparing outcomes of open and endovascular repairs. Paraplegia occurs when collateral blood supply to the anterior spinal artery is impaired. The risk of spinal cord injury can be mitigated with perioperative protocols that include drainage of cerebrospinal fluid, avoidance of hypotension and anemia, intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring, and advanced surgical techniques. Drainage of cerebrospinal fluid using a spinal drain decreases the risk of spinal cord ischemia by improving spinal cord perfusion pressure. However, cerebrospinal fluid drainage has risks including neuraxial and intracranial bleeding, and these risks need to be carefully weighed against its potential benefit. This review discusses current surgical management of descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic disease, incidence of and risk factors for spinal cord injury, and elements of spinal cord protection protocols that pertain to anesthesiologists, with a focus on cerebrospinal fluid drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia K Miller
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | | | - Gebhard Wagener
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY.
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