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Wang J, Tian X, Zhang W, Dong X, Wang Z, Wang S, Liang Y, Wang W, Xu L, Li Y. A cyanoacrylate/triethyl citrate/nanosilica-based closure glue with wet-adhesion capability for treatment of superficial varicose veins. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:4548-4555. [PMID: 37161694 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00408b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Varicose veins in legs are common in clinics. Currently, medical adhesive-based, minimally invasive endovenous occlusion is used to treat them. However, the most common cyanoacrylate medical adhesives do not perform well when used under blood/wet conditions. In particular, poor adhesion, short curing time, and high heat release greatly limit their clinical use. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of a composite system composed of butyl-cyanoacrylate, triethyl citrate, and nanosilica that exhibits a blood/wet-adhesion capability to serve as a new sealing glue. Hydrophobic triethyl citrate groups displace boundary waters while also protecting cyanoacrylate monomers from undergoing rapid polymerization. Nanosilica increases viscosity, which contributes to in situ extrusion molding and retention. An optimal formulation, FAL-006, exhibited good physical and chemical properties in vitro. The performed additional safety assays indicated that FAL-006 has good biocompatibility. The closure efficiency of FAL-006 in vivo was evaluated in both a rat abdominal aortic closure model and in a sheep lower limb venous closure model. Taken together, these results indicate that FAL-006 exhibits promising potential for use in clinical applications. Furthermore, this study provides a new strategy for designing underwater adhesive agents for additional clinical applications, and a strategy for constructing other biomaterials needed for use under wet conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Xia Tian
- Venaend(Beijing) Medical Technology co., LTD, 3 Yongchangbei road, 100176, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Xiao Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Zhanguang Wang
- Venaend(Beijing) Medical Technology co., LTD, 3 Yongchangbei road, 100176, China.
| | - Shiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Yonghan Liang
- Venaend(Beijing) Medical Technology co., LTD, 3 Yongchangbei road, 100176, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Venaend(Beijing) Medical Technology co., LTD, 3 Yongchangbei road, 100176, China.
| | - Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping road, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Yunlan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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Gawas M, Bains A, Janghu S, Kamat P, Chawla P. A Comprehensive Review on Varicose Veins: Preventive Measures and Different Treatments. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 41:499-510. [PMID: 34242131 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1909510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article was to review the different preventive measures and treatments for varicose veins disease. Varicose veins are tortuous, enlarged veins that are usually found in the lower extremities damages blood vessels leading to its painful swelling cause's blood clots, affecting people over increasing prevalence with age and affects the proficiency, productivity, and life quality of a person. Prolonged standing and obesity are the major reason for varicose vein disease. The mechanisms, prevention, risk factors, complications, and treatment of varicose veins are explained in this review. Various types of treatments such as endovascular, surgical, and herbal treatments improve quality of life and reduce the secondary complications of varicose veins. Besides these methods of treatments, varicose vein disease can be prevented by doing regular yoga/exercise and consumption of several fruits and vegetables such as Grapes, blackberries, avocados, ginger, and rosemary. Typically, varicose veins can be a benign process with several problems that can influence the life quality of an individual that can lead to potentially life-threatening complications. However, there are numerous surgical, endovascular, and chemical treatments that improve quality of life and decrease secondary complications of varicose veins. Patients with varicose veins should take an antioxidant medicament from the flavonoid groups to reduce the arterial blood pressure value, risk of atherosclerosis development, prevent thrombotic incidents.Key teaching pointsChronic venous disease is a pathological state of vein circulatory systems of the lower limbsProlonged standing and obesity are the major reason for varicose vein diseaseEndovascular, surgical, and herbal treatments improve quality of life and reduce the secondary complications of varicose veinsVenoactive drugs such as flavonoids, saponins, and others have a therapeutic effect on chronic venous disordersPhlebotropic drugs are semi-synthetic substances widely used in different states of chronic venous insufficiencyFood rich in phytoconstituents are more effective in varicose veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandar Gawas
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Aarti Bains
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh group of Colleges Landran, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Janghu
- Indian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Pranali Kamat
- Department of Pharmacy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Panaji, Goa, India
| | - Prince Chawla
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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