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Jerrentrup JS, Komainda M, Seither M, Cuchillo-Hilario M, Wrage-Mönnig N, Isselstein J. Diverse Swards and Mixed-Grazing of Cattle and Sheep for Improved Productivity. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Wemheuer B, Thomas T, Wemheuer F. Fungal Endophyte Communities of Three Agricultural Important Grass Species Differ in Their Response Towards Management Regimes. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E37. [PMID: 30691243 PMCID: PMC6407066 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of endophytic fungi for plant health, it remains unclear how these fungi are influenced by grassland management practices. Here, we investigated the effect of fertilizer application and mowing frequency on fungal endophyte communities and their life strategies in aerial tissues of three agriculturally important grass species (Dactylis glomerata L., Festuca rubra L. and Lolium perenne L.) over two consecutive years. Our results showed that the management practices influenced fungal communities in the plant holobiont, but observed effects differed between grass species and sampling year. Phylogenetic diversity of fungal endophytes in D. glomerata was significantly affected by mowing frequency in 2010, whereas fertilizer application and the interaction of fertilization with mowing frequency had a significant impact on community composition of L. perenne in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Taken together, our research provides a basis for future studies on responses of fungal endophytes towards management practices. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study simultaneously assessing fungal endophyte communities in aerial parts of three agriculturally important grass species over two consecutive years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Wemheuer
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Franziska Wemheuer
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
- Division of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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Wemheuer F, Kaiser K, Karlovsky P, Daniel R, Vidal S, Wemheuer B. Bacterial endophyte communities of three agricultural important grass species differ in their response towards management regimes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40914. [PMID: 28102323 PMCID: PMC5244420 DOI: 10.1038/srep40914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic bacteria are critical for plant growth and health. However, compositional and functional responses of bacterial endophyte communities towards agricultural practices are still poorly understood. Hence, we analyzed the influence of fertilizer application and mowing frequency on bacterial endophytes in three agriculturally important grass species. For this purpose, we examined bacterial endophytic communities in aerial plant parts of Dactylis glomerata L., Festuca rubra L., and Lolium perenne L. by pyrotag sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes over two consecutive years. Although management regimes influenced endophyte communities, observed responses were grass species-specific. This might be attributed to several bacteria specifically associated with a single grass species. We further predicted functional profiles from obtained 16S rRNA data. These profiles revealed that predicted abundances of genes involved in plant growth promotion or nitrogen metabolism differed between grass species and between management regimes. Moreover, structural and functional community patterns showed no correlation to each other indicating that plant species-specific selection of endophytes is driven by functional rather than phylogenetic traits. The unique combination of 16S rRNA data and functional profiles provided a holistic picture of compositional and functional responses of bacterial endophytes in agricultural relevant grass species towards management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Wemheuer
- Section of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kristin Kaiser
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Petr Karlovsky
- Molecular Phytopathology and Mycotoxin Research, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Vidal
- Section of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wemheuer
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Wemheuer F, Wemheuer B, Kretzschmar D, Pfeiffer B, Herzog S, Daniel R, Vidal S. Impact of grassland management regimes on bacterial endophyte diversity differs with grass species. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 62:323-9. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Wemheuer
- Department of Crop Sciences; Georg-August-University Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - B. Wemheuer
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics; Georg-August-University Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - D. Kretzschmar
- Department of Crop Sciences; Georg-August-University Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - B. Pfeiffer
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics; Georg-August-University Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - S. Herzog
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics; Georg-August-University Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - R. Daniel
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics; Georg-August-University Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - S. Vidal
- Department of Crop Sciences; Georg-August-University Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
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Herzog S, Wemheuer F, Wemheuer B, Daniel R. Effects of Fertilization and Sampling Time on Composition and Diversity of Entire and Active Bacterial Communities in German Grassland Soils. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145575. [PMID: 26694644 PMCID: PMC4687936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil bacteria are major players in driving and regulating ecosystem processes. Thus, the identification of factors shaping the diversity and structure of these communities is crucial for understanding bacterial-mediated processes such as nutrient transformation and cycling. As most studies only target the entire soil bacterial community, the response of active community members to environmental changes is still poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of fertilizer application and sampling time on structure and diversity of potentially active (RNA-based) and the entire (DNA-based) bacterial communities in German grassland soils. Analysis of more than 2.3 million 16S rRNA transcripts and gene sequences derived from amplicon-based sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed that fertilizer application and sampling time significantly altered the diversity and composition of entire and active bacterial communities. Although the composition of both the entire and the active bacterial community was correlated with environmental factors such as pH or C/N ratio, the active community showed a higher sensitivity to environmental changes than the entire community. In addition, functional analyses were performed based on predictions derived from 16S rRNA data. Genes encoding the uptake of nitrate/nitrite, nitrification, and denitrification were significantly more abundant in fertilized plots compared to non-fertilized plots. Hence, this study provided novel insights into changes in dynamics and functions of soil bacterial communities as response to season and fertilizer application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Herzog
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Wemheuer
- Section of Agricultural Entomology, Department for Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wemheuer
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Lemanski K, Scheu S. Fertilizer addition lessens the flux of microbial carbon to higher trophic levels in soil food webs of grassland. Oecologia 2014; 176:487-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Hoeft I, Keuter A, Quiñones CM, Schmidt-Walter P, Veldkamp E, Corre MD. Nitrogen retention efficiency and nitrogen losses of a managed and phytodiverse temperate grassland. Basic Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Everwand G, Rösch V, Tscharntke T, Scherber C. Disentangling direct and indirect effects of experimental grassland management and plant functional-group manipulation on plant and leafhopper diversity. BMC Ecol 2014; 14:1. [PMID: 24438134 PMCID: PMC3945068 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6785-14-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plant biodiversity can affect trophic interactions in many ways, including direct bottom-up effects on insects, but is negatively affected by agricultural intensification. Grassland intensification promotes plant productivity, resulting in changes in plant community composition, and impacts on higher trophic levels. Here, we use a novel grassland management experiment combining manipulations of cutting and fertilization with experimental changes in plant functional group composition (independent of management effects) to disentangle the direct and indirect effects of agricultural management on insect herbivore diversity and abundance. We used leafhoppers as model organisms as they are a key insect taxon in grasslands and react rapidly to management changes. Leafhoppers were sampled between May and September 2010 using standardized sweep netting and pan traps. Results Plant diversity, functional group composition and management regime in grasslands affected leafhopper species richness and abundance. Higher cutting frequencies directly led to decreasing leafhopper species richness, presumably due to the higher disturbance frequency and the reduction in food-resource heterogeneity. In contrast, fertilizer application had only a small indirect negative effect via enhanced aboveground plant biomass, reduced plant diversity and changes in functional group composition. The manipulated increase in grass cover had contrasting direct and indirect effects on leafhopper species richness: grass cover directly increased leafhopper species richness, but negatively affected plant diversity, which in turn was positively related to leafhopper species richness. In conclusion, insect diversity is driven in complex direct and indirect ways by grassland management, including changes in functional group composition. Conclusions The availability of preferred food sources and the frequency of disturbance are important direct and indirect drivers of leafhopper species richness, interacting in complex ways with plant diversity and food resource heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christoph Scherber
- Department of Crop Science, Agroecology, Georg-August-University, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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Everwand G, Scherber C, Tscharntke T. Slug responses to grassland cutting and fertilizer application under plant functional group removal. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Renne IJ, Tracy BF. Disturbance intensity, timing and history interact to affect pasture weed invasion. Basic Appl Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Petersen U, Wrage-Mönnig N, Isselstein J. Effects of herbicide application to control sward composition in different management variants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIODIVERSITY SCIENCE, ECOSYSTEM SERVICES & MANAGEMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/21513732.2012.760488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- U. Petersen
- a Department of Crop Sciences , University of Göttingen , Von-Siebold-Str. 8, 37075 , Göttingen , Germany
- b Thünen-Institute of Biodiversity , Bundesallee 50, 38116 , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - N. Wrage-Mönnig
- a Department of Crop Sciences , University of Göttingen , Von-Siebold-Str. 8, 37075 , Göttingen , Germany
- c Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences , Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences , Marie-Curie-Str. 1, D-47533 , Kleve , Germany
| | - J. Isselstein
- a Department of Crop Sciences , University of Göttingen , Von-Siebold-Str. 8, 37075 , Göttingen , Germany
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