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Campos‐Moreno DF, Dyer LA, Salcido D, Massad TJ, Pérez‐Lachaud G, Tepe EJ, Whitfield JB, Pozo C. Importance of interaction rewiring in determining spatial and temporal turnover of tritrophic (
Piper
‐caterpillar‐parasitoid) metanetworks in the Yucatán Península, México. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego F. Campos‐Moreno
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR) Chetumal Quintana Roo México
| | - Lee A. Dyer
- EECB and Biology Department University of Nevada, Reno Reno NV USA
| | - Danielle Salcido
- EECB and Biology Department University of Nevada, Reno Reno NV USA
| | - Tara Joy Massad
- Department of Scientific Services Gorongosa National Park Sofala Mozambique
| | - Gabriela Pérez‐Lachaud
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR) Chetumal Quintana Roo México
| | - Eric J. Tepe
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA
| | | | - Carmen Pozo
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR) Chetumal Quintana Roo México
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2
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Opedal ØH, Ovaskainen O, Saastamoinen M, Laine AL, van Nouhuys S. Host-plant availability drives the spatiotemporal dynamics of interacting metapopulations across a fragmented landscape. Ecology 2020; 101:e03186. [PMID: 32892363 PMCID: PMC7757193 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of ecological communities depend partly on species interactions within and among trophic levels. Experimental work has demonstrated the impact of species interactions on the species involved, but it remains unclear whether these effects can also be detected in long‐term time series across heterogeneous landscapes. We analyzed a 19‐yr time series of patch occupancy by the Glanville fritillary butterfly Melitaea cinxia, its specialist parasitoid wasp Cotesia melitaearum, and the specialist fungal pathogen Podosphaera plantaginis infecting Plantago lanceolata, a host plant of the Glanville fritillary. These species share a network of more than 4,000 habitat patches in the Åland islands, providing a metacommunity data set of unique spatial and temporal resolution. To assess the influence of interactions among the butterfly, parasitoid, and mildew on metacommunity dynamics, we modeled local colonization and extinction rates of each species while including or excluding the presence of potentially interacting species in the previous year as predictors. The metapopulation dynamics of all focal species varied both along a gradient in host plant abundance, and spatially as indicated by strong effects of local connectivity. Colonization and to a lesser extent extinction rates depended also on the presence of interacting species within patches. However, the directions of most effects differed from expectations based on previous experimental and modeling work, and the inferred influence of species interactions on observed metacommunity dynamics was limited. These results suggest that although local interactions among the butterfly, parasitoid, and mildew occur, their roles in metacommunity spatiotemporal dynamics are relatively weak. Instead, all species respond to variation in plant abundance, which may in turn fluctuate in response to variation in climate, land use, or other environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein H Opedal
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, SE-223 62, Sweden
| | - Otso Ovaskainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, N-7491, Norway
| | - Marjo Saastamoinen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna-Liisa Laine
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Saskya van Nouhuys
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
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3
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Cronin JT, Goddard J, Shivaji R. Effects of Patch-Matrix Composition and Individual Movement Response on Population Persistence at the Patch Level. Bull Math Biol 2019; 81:3933-3975. [PMID: 31264133 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-019-00634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Fragmentation creates landscape-level spatial heterogeneity which in turn influences population dynamics of the resident species. This often leads to declines in abundance of the species due to increased susceptibility to edge effects between the remnant habitat patches and the lower quality "matrix" surrounding these focal patches. In this paper, we formalize a framework to facilitate the connection between small-scale movement and patch-level predictions of persistence through a mechanistic model based on reaction-diffusion equations. The model is capable of incorporating essential information about edge-mediated effects such as patch preference, movement behavior, and matrix-induced mortality. We mathematically analyze the model's predictions of persistence with a general logistic-type growth term and explore their sensitivity to demographic attributes in both the patch and matrix, as well as patch size and geometry. Also, we provide bounds on demographic attributes and patch size in order for the model to predict persistence of a species in a given patch based on assumptions on the patch/matrix interface. Finally, we illustrate the utility of this framework with a well-studied planthopper species (Prokelisia crocea) living in a highly fragmented landscape. Using experimentally derived data from various sources to parameterize the model, we show that, qualitatively, the model results are in accord with experimental predictions regarding minimum patch size of P. crocea. Through application of a sensitivity analysis to the model, we also suggest a ranking of the most important model parameters based on which parameter will cause the largest output variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Jerome Goddard
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Auburn University Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, 36124, USA.
| | - Ratnasingham Shivaji
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, 27402, USA
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4
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Dispersal in Host⁻Parasitoid Interactions: Crop Colonization by Pests and Specialist Enemies. INSECTS 2018; 9:insects9040134. [PMID: 30301166 PMCID: PMC6316135 DOI: 10.3390/insects9040134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of insect pests and their natural enemies increasingly are being considered from a metapopulation perspective, with focus on movements of individuals among habitat patches (e.g., individual crop fields). Biological control may be undercut in short-lived crops as natural enemies lag behind the pests in colonizing newly created habitat. This hypothesis was tested by assessing parasitism of cereal leaf beetle (Oulema melanopus) and alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica) larvae at varying distances along transects into newly planted fields of small grains and alfalfa in northern Utah. The rate of parasitism of cereal leaf beetles and alfalfa weevils by their host-specific parasitoids (Tetrastichus julis (Eulophidae) and Bathyplectes curculionis (Ichneumonidae), respectively) was determined for earliest maturing first generation host larvae. Rates of parasitism did not vary significantly with increasing distance into a newly planted field (up to 250–700 m in individual experiments) from the nearest source field from which pest and parasitoid adults may have immigrated. These results indicate strong, rapid dispersal of the parasitoids in pursuing their prey into new habitat. Thus, across the fragmented agricultural landscape of northern Utah, neither the cereal leaf beetle nor the alfalfa weevil initially gained substantial spatial refuge from parasitism by more strongly dispersing than their natural enemies into newly created habitat. Additional studies, including those of colonization of newly planted crops by generalist pests and natural enemies, are called for in assessing these results with a broader perspective.
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5
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Marrec R, Pontbriand‐Paré O, Legault S, James PMA. Spatiotemporal variation in drivers of parasitoid metacommunity structure in continuous forest landscapes. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Marrec
- Département de Sciences Biologiques – Université de Montréal C.P. 6128 Succursale centre‐ville Montréal QC H3C 3J7 Canada
- FRE CNRS 3498 EDYSAN (Écologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés) Université de Picardie Jules Verne UFR des Sciences – Bâtiment des Minimes 2 rue Edmond Fontaine 80000 Amiens France
| | - Olivier Pontbriand‐Paré
- Département de Sciences Biologiques – Université de Montréal C.P. 6128 Succursale centre‐ville Montréal QC H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Simon Legault
- Département de Sciences Biologiques – Université de Montréal C.P. 6128 Succursale centre‐ville Montréal QC H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Patrick M. A. James
- Département de Sciences Biologiques – Université de Montréal C.P. 6128 Succursale centre‐ville Montréal QC H3C 3J7 Canada
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6
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Dennis AB, Patel V, Oliver KM, Vorburger C. Parasitoid gene expression changes after adaptation to symbiont-protected hosts. Evolution 2017; 71:2599-2617. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice B. Dennis
- Institute of Integrative Biology; ETH Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
- EAWAG; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Dübendorf Switzerland
- Current address: Unit of Evolutionary Biology and Systematic Zoology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology; University of Potsdam; Potsdam Germany
| | - Vilas Patel
- Department of Entomology; University of Georgia; Athens Georgia 30602
| | - Kerry M. Oliver
- Department of Entomology; University of Georgia; Athens Georgia 30602
| | - Christoph Vorburger
- Institute of Integrative Biology; ETH Zürich; Zürich Switzerland
- EAWAG; Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology; Dübendorf Switzerland
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7
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Walter JA, Firebaugh AL, Tobin PC, Haynes KJ. Invasion in patchy landscapes is affected by dispersal mortality and mate-finding failure. Ecology 2017; 97:3389-3401. [PMID: 27912015 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Range expansions are a function of population growth and dispersal, and nascent populations often must overcome demographic Allee effects (positive density dependence at low population densities) driven by factors such as mate-finding failure. Given the importance of individual movement to mate finding, links between landscape structure and movement may be critical to range expansion; however, landscape effects on other factors including mortality may be equally or more important. In one of the most comprehensive investigations of the interactions of these processes to date, we combined field experiments, simulation modeling, and analysis of empirical spread patterns to investigate how landscape structure affected the spread of the gypsy moth in Virginia and West Virginia. In experiments designed to assess how landscape attributes affect mate finding, we found adult males resisted leaving forest patches and the probability of locating a pheromone source declined more rapidly over distance in non-forest matrix than in forest. We used these findings to develop individual-based simulation models of gypsy moth population dynamics and spread in complex patch-matrix landscapes. The models produced an Allee effect that strengthened with reductions in forested area, but owing more so to dispersal mortality than to effects on mate location. Predicted maximum rates of population spread grew with increases in forest area due to increasing success of long-distance transport events. Evaluations of empirical data showed relationships between spread rates and landscape structure largely consistent with model predictions. We conclude rates of spread were largely driven by long-distance dispersal events, the success of which was influenced primarily by dispersal mortality of larvae in unsuitable matrix, and that landscape effects on mate location played a secondary role. Though influences of landscape structure on mate location appear to be unimportant to the spread of the gypsy moth, we predict they would have stronger effects on more dispersive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Walter
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, 291 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904, USA.,Blandy Experimental Farm, University of Virginia, 400 Blandy Farm Lane, Boyce, Virginia, 22620, USA.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, 2101 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas, 66047, USA
| | - Ariel L Firebaugh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, 291 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22904, USA.,Blandy Experimental Farm, University of Virginia, 400 Blandy Farm Lane, Boyce, Virginia, 22620, USA
| | - Patrick C Tobin
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, 4000 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Kyle J Haynes
- Blandy Experimental Farm, University of Virginia, 400 Blandy Farm Lane, Boyce, Virginia, 22620, USA
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Fenoglio MS, Werenkraut V, Morales JM, Salvo A. A hierarchical multi-scale analysis of the spatial relationship between parasitism and host density in urban habitats. AUSTRAL ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Silvina Fenoglio
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV); CONICET and Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba (CIEC); Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611 X5016GCA Córdoba Argentina
| | - Victoria Werenkraut
- Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA; Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET; S. C. de Bariloche Río Negro Argentina
| | - Juan Manuel Morales
- Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA; Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET; S. C. de Bariloche Río Negro Argentina
| | - Adriana Salvo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales; Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV); CONICET and Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba (CIEC); Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611 X5016GCA Córdoba Argentina
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9
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Nieminen M, Nouhuys SV. The Roles of Trophic Interactions, Competition and Landscape in Determining Metacommunity Structure of a Seed-Feeding Weevil and Its Parasitoids. ANN ZOOL FENN 2017. [DOI: 10.5735/086.054.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Nieminen
- Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Saskya van Nouhuys
- Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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