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Corticostriatal Regulation of Language Functions. Neuropsychol Rev 2021; 31:472-494. [PMID: 33982264 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-021-09481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The role of corticostriatal circuits in language functions is unclear. In this review, we consider evidence from language learning, syntax, and controlled language production and comprehension tasks that implicate various corticostriatal circuits. Converging evidence from neuroimaging in healthy individuals, studies in populations with subcortical dysfunction, pharmacological studies, and brain stimulation suggests a domain-general regulatory role of corticostriatal systems in language operations. The role of corticostriatal systems in language operations identified in this review is likely to reflect a broader function of the striatum in responding to uncertainty and conflict which demands selection, sequencing, and cognitive control. We argue that this role is dynamic and varies depending on the degree and form of cognitive control required, which in turn will recruit particular corticostriatal circuits and components organised in a cognitive hierarchy.
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Smith KM, Caplan DN. Communication impairment in Parkinson's disease: Impact of motor and cognitive symptoms on speech and language. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2018; 185:38-46. [PMID: 30092448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Communication impairment is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and may have both motor speech control and cognitive-linguistic underpinnings. The neurobiology of communication impairment in PD is poorly understood, and work is needed to disentangle the relative contributions of motor and cognitive dysfunction. In clinical practice, cognitive-linguistic impairments are often overlooked despite the large body of research on this topic in neurocognitive and linguistics literature. In this review, we will discuss the roles of motor speech changes, cognitive and linguistic impairment, and other related functions in the communication disabilities of individuals with PD. We will describe the various types of communication difficulties in PD and tools for measuring these symptoms. We will discuss specific deficits that may further understanding of the neurobiology of communication impairment in PD, including voice and speech acoustic changes, linguistic processing and production difficulties, and pausing. We will emphasize the importance of an interdisciplinary approach and the patient perspective on daily communication in guiding future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara M Smith
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
| | - David N Caplan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 175 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Methqal I, Marsolais Y, Wilson MA, Monchi O, Joanette Y. More expertise for a better perspective: Task and strategy-driven adaptive neurofunctional reorganization for word production in high-performing older adults. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2018; 26:190-221. [PMID: 29334837 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2017.1423021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The suggestion that neurofunctional reorganization may contribute to preserved language abilities is still emerging in aging studies. Some of these abilities, such as verbal fluency (VF), are not unitary but instead rely on different strategic processes that are differentially changed with age. Younger (n = 13) and older adults (n = 13) carried out an overt self-paced semantic and orthographic VF tasks within mixed fMRI design. Our results suggest that patterns of brain activation sustaining equivalent performances could be underpinned by different strategies facing brain changes during healthy aging. These main findings suggest that temporally mediated semantic clustering and frontally mediated orthographic switching were driven by evolutive neurofunctional resources in high-performing older adults. These age-related activation changes can appear to be compatible with the idea that unique neural patterns expressing distinctive cognitive strategies are necessary to support older adults' performance on VF tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Methqal
- a Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal , Montreal, QC , Canada.,b Faculty of Medecine , University of Montreal , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | | | - Maximiliano A Wilson
- d Centre de recherche CERVO - CIUSSS de la Capitale-Nationale et Département de réadaptation , Université Laval , Québec , Canada
| | - Oury Monchi
- e Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine , University of Calgary , Calgary , Canada
| | - Yves Joanette
- a Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal , Montreal, QC , Canada.,b Faculty of Medecine , University of Montreal , Montreal , QC , Canada
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Contribution of language studies to the understanding of cognitive impairment and its progression over time in Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 80:657-672. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lorca-Puls DL, Gajardo-Vidal A, Seghier ML, Leff AP, Sethi V, Prejawa S, Hope TMH, Devlin JT, Price CJ. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation of the undamaged brain to identify lesion sites that predict language outcome after stroke. Brain 2017; 140:1729-1742. [PMID: 28430974 PMCID: PMC5445259 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation focused on either the left anterior supramarginal gyrus or opercular part of the left inferior frontal gyrus has been reported to transiently impair the ability to perform phonological more than semantic tasks. Here we tested whether phonological processing abilities were also impaired following lesions to these regions in right-handed, English speaking adults, who were investigated at least 1 year after a left-hemisphere stroke. When our regions of interest were limited to 0.5 cm3 of grey matter centred around sites that had been identified with transcranial magnetic stimulation-based functional localization, phonological impairments were observed in 74% (40/54) of patients with damage to the regions and 21% (21/100) of patients sparing these regions. This classification accuracy was better than that observed when using regions of interest centred on activation sites in previous functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of phonological processing, or transcranial magnetic stimulation sites that did not use functional localization. New regions of interest were generated by redefining the borders of each of the transcranial magnetic stimulation sites to include areas that were consistently damaged in the patients with phonological impairments. This increased the incidence of phonological impairments in the presence of damage to 85% (46/54) and also reduced the incidence of phonological impairments in the absence of damage to 15% (15/100). The difference in phonological processing abilities between those with and without damage to these ‘transcranial magnetic stimulation-guided’ regions remained highly significant even after controlling for the effect of lesion size. The classification accuracy of the transcranial magnetic stimulation-guided regions was validated in a second sample of 108 patients and found to be better than that for (i) functional magnetic resonance imaging-guided regions; (ii) a region identified from an unguided lesion overlap map; and (iii) a region identified from voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping. Finally, consistent with prior findings from functional imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation in healthy participants, we show how damage to our transcranial magnetic stimulation-guided regions affected performance on phonologically more than semantically demanding tasks. The observation that phonological processing abilities were impaired years after the stroke, suggests that other brain regions were not able to fully compensate for the contribution that the transcranial magnetic stimulation-guided regions make to language tasks. More generally, our novel transcranial magnetic stimulation-guided lesion-deficit mapping approach shows how non-invasive stimulation of the healthy brain can be used to guide the identification of regions where brain damage is likely to cause persistent behavioural effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego L Lorca-Puls
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Andrea Gajardo-Vidal
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad del Desarrollo, 4070001 Concepcion, Chile
| | - Mohamed L Seghier
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Emirates College for Advanced Education, PO Box 126662 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alexander P Leff
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK.,Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Varun Sethi
- Department of Neuroinflammation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Susan Prejawa
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Collaborative Research Centre 1052 'Obesity Mechanisms', Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M H Hope
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Joseph T Devlin
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London WC1H 0AP, UK
| | - Cathy J Price
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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Zhang Y, Song H, Liu X, Tang D, Chen YE, Zhang X. Language Learning Enhanced by Massive Multiple Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs) and the Underlying Behavioral and Neural Mechanisms. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:95. [PMID: 28303097 PMCID: PMC5332359 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Massive Multiple Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs) have increased in popularity among children, juveniles, and adults since MMORPGs' appearance in this digital age. MMORPGs can be applied to enhancing language learning, which is drawing researchers' attention from different fields and many studies have validated MMORPGs' positive effect on language learning. However, there are few studies on the underlying behavioral or neural mechanism of such effect. This paper reviews the educational application of the MMORPGs based on relevant macroscopic and microscopic studies, showing that gamers' overall language proficiency or some specific language skills can be enhanced by real-time online interaction with peers and game narratives or instructions embedded in the MMORPGs. Mechanisms underlying the educational assistant role of MMORPGs in second language learning are discussed from both behavioral and neural perspectives. We suggest that attentional bias makes gamers/learners allocate more cognitive resources toward task-related stimuli in a controlled or an automatic way. Moreover, with a moderating role played by activation of reward circuit, playing the MMORPGs may strengthen or increase functional connectivity from seed regions such as left anterior insular/frontal operculum (AI/FO) and visual word form area to other language-related brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Zhang
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei, China
- School of Foreign Languages, Anhui Jianzhu UniversityHefei, China
| | - Hongwen Song
- School of Humanities and Social Science, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei, China
- School of Humanities and Social Science, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei, China
| | - Dinghong Tang
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei, China
| | - Yue-e Chen
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei, China
- School of Public Affairs, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei, China
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- School of Foreign Languages, Anhui Jianzhu UniversityHefei, China
- School of Humanities and Social Science, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei, China
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Turner BO, Marinsek N, Ryhal E, Miller MB. Hemispheric lateralization in reasoning. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1359:47-64. [PMID: 26426534 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that reasoning in humans relies on a number of related processes whose neural loci are largely lateralized to one hemisphere or the other. A recent review of this evidence concluded that the patterns of lateralization observed are organized according to two complementary tendencies. The left hemisphere attempts to reduce uncertainty by drawing inferences or creating explanations, even at the cost of ignoring conflicting evidence or generating implausible explanations. Conversely, the right hemisphere aims to reduce conflict by rejecting or refining explanations that are no longer tenable in the face of new evidence. In healthy adults, the hemispheres work together to achieve a balance between certainty and consistency, and a wealth of neuropsychological research supports the notion that upsetting this balance results in various failures in reasoning, including delusions. However, support for this model from the neuroimaging literature is mixed. Here, we examine the evidence for this framework from multiple research domains, including an activation likelihood estimation analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of reasoning. Our results suggest a need to either revise this model as it applies to healthy adults or to develop better tools for assessing lateralization in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin O Turner
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Nicole Marinsek
- Dynamical Neuroscience, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Emily Ryhal
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
| | - Michael B Miller
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California
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Lagarde J, Valabrègue R, Corvol JC, Garcin B, Volle E, Le Ber I, Vidailhet M, Dubois B, Levy R. Why do patients with neurodegenerative frontal syndrome fail to answer: ‘In what way are an orange and a banana alike?’. Brain 2014; 138:456-71. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Martins R, Simard F, Monchi O. Differences between patterns of brain activity associated with semantics and those linked with phonological processing diminish with age. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99710. [PMID: 24972020 PMCID: PMC4074044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely believed that language function tends to show little age-related performance decline. Indeed, some older individuals seem to use compensatory mechanisms to maintain a high level of performance when submitted to lexical tasks. However, how these mechanisms affect cortical and subcortical activity during semantic and phonological processing has not been extensively explored. The purpose of this study was to look at the effect of healthy aging on cortico-subcortical routes related to semantic and phonological processing using a lexical analogue of the Wisconsin Cart-Sorting Task. Our results indicate that while young adults tend to show increased activity in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the fusiform gyrus, the ventral temporal lobe and the caudate nucleus during semantic decisions and in the posterior Broca's area (area 44), the temporal lobe (area 37), the temporoparietal junction (area 40) and the motor cortical regions during phonological decisions, older individuals showed increased activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and motor cortical regions during both semantic and phonological decisions. Furthermore, when semantic and phonological decisions were contrasted with each other, younger individuals showed significant brain activity differences in several regions while older individuals did not. Therefore, in older individuals, the semantic and phonological routes seem to merge into a single pathway. These findings represent most probably neural reserve/compensation mechanisms, characterized by a decrease in specificity, on which the elderly rely to maintain an adequate level of performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Martins
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - France Simard
- Department of Kinanthropology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Oury Monchi
- Centre de Recherche, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Radiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Radulescu E, Minati L, Ganeshan B, Harrison NA, Gray MA, Beacher FDCC, Chatwin C, Young RCD, Critchley HD. Abnormalities in fronto-striatal connectivity within language networks relate to differences in grey-matter heterogeneity in Asperger syndrome. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2013; 2:716-26. [PMID: 24179823 PMCID: PMC3777793 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Asperger syndrome (AS) is an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) characterised by qualitative impairment in the development of emotional and social skills with relative preservation of general intellectual abilities, including verbal language. People with AS may nevertheless show atypical language, including rate and frequency of speech production. We previously observed that abnormalities in grey matter homogeneity (measured with texture analysis of structural MR images) in AS individuals when compared with controls are also correlated with the volume of caudate nucleus. Here, we tested a prediction that these distributed abnormalities in grey matter compromise the functional integrity of brain networks supporting verbal communication skills. We therefore measured the functional connectivity between caudate nucleus and cortex during a functional neuroimaging study of language generation (verbal fluency), applying psycho-physiological interaction (PPI) methods to test specifically for differences attributable to grey matter heterogeneity in AS participants. Furthermore, we used dynamic causal modelling (DCM) to characterise the causal directionality of these differences in interregional connectivity during word production. Our results revealed a diagnosis-dependent influence of grey matter heterogeneity on the functional connectivity of the caudate nuclei with right insula/inferior frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate, respectively with the left superior frontal gyrus and right precuneus. Moreover, causal modelling of interactions between inferior frontal gyri, caudate and precuneus, revealed a reliance on bottom-up (stimulus-driven) connections in AS participants that contrasted with a dominance of top-down (cognitive control) connections from prefrontal cortex observed in control participants. These results provide detailed support for previously hypothesised central disconnectivity in ASD and specify discrete brain network targets for diagnosis and therapy in ASD. We used MRI techniques to assess the connectivity in language networks in AS. Grey-matter heterogeneity of MR images correlated with volume of caudate in AS. Hence, caudate nuclei were used as seed ROIs in connectivity analyses: PPI, DCM. Grey-matter heterogeneity differently tuned caudate connectivity in AS, controls. DCM of language circuitry featured bottom-up models in AS and top-down in controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Radulescu
- Psychiatry, Brighton & Sussex Medical School (BSMS), Brighton, BN1 9RY, UK ; Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RY, UK
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