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Hardman SJO, Hauck AFE, Clark IP, Heyes DJ, Scrutton NS. Comprehensive analysis of the green-to-blue photoconversion of full-length Cyanobacteriochrome Tlr0924. Biophys J 2015; 107:2195-203. [PMID: 25418104 PMCID: PMC4223177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteriochromes are members of the phytochrome superfamily of photoreceptors and are of central importance in biological light-activated signaling mechanisms. These photoreceptors are known to reversibly convert between two states in a photoinitiated process that involves a basic E/Z isomerization of the bilin chromophore and, in certain cases, the breakage of a thioether linkage to a conserved cysteine residue in the bulk protein structure. The exact details and timescales of the reactions involved in these photoconversions have not been conclusively shown. The cyanobacteriochrome Tlr0924 contains phycocyanobilin and phycoviolobilin chromophores, both of which photoconvert between two species: blue-absorbing and green-absorbing, and blue-absorbing and red-absorbing, respectively. Here, we followed the complete green-to-blue photoconversion process of the phycoviolobilin chromophore in the full-length form of Tlr0924 over timescales ranging from femtoseconds to seconds. Using a combination of time-resolved visible and mid-infrared transient absorption spectroscopy and cryotrapping techniques, we showed that after photoisomerization, which occurs with a lifetime of 3.6 ps, the phycoviolobilin twists or distorts slightly with a lifetime of 5.3 μs. The final step, the formation of the thioether linkage with the protein, occurs with a lifetime of 23.6 ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J O Hardman
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Photon Science Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anna F E Hauck
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Photon Science Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ian P Clark
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, UK
| | - Derren J Heyes
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Photon Science Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nigel S Scrutton
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Photon Science Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Purwar N, Tenboer J, Tripathi S, Schmidt M. Spectroscopic studies of model photo-receptors: validation of a nanosecond time-resolved micro-spectrophotometer design using photoactive yellow protein and α-phycoerythrocyanin. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:18881-98. [PMID: 24065094 PMCID: PMC3794812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140918881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved spectroscopic experiments have been performed with protein in solution and in crystalline form using a newly designed microspectrophotometer. The time-resolution of these experiments can be as good as two nanoseconds (ns), which is the minimal response time of the image intensifier used. With the current setup, the effective time-resolution is about seven ns, determined mainly by the pulse duration of the nanosecond laser. The amount of protein required is small, on the order of 100 nanograms. Bleaching, which is an undesirable effect common to photoreceptor proteins, is minimized by using a millisecond shutter to avoid extensive exposure to the probing light. We investigate two model photoreceptors, photoactive yellow protein (PYP), and α-phycoerythrocyanin (α-PEC), on different time scales and at different temperatures. Relaxation times obtained from kinetic time-series of difference absorption spectra collected from PYP are consistent with previous results. The comparison with these results validates the capability of this spectrophotometer to deliver high quality time-resolved absorption spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrta Purwar
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1900 E. Kenwood Blvd., Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
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Singh NK, Parmar A, Sonani RR, Madamwar D. Isolation, identification and characterization of novel thermotolerant Oscillatoria sp. N9DM: Change in pigmentation profile in response to temperature. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Liu LN, Aartsma TJ, Thomas JC, Zhou BC, Zhang YZ. FRAP analysis on red alga reveals the fluorescence recovery is ascribed to intrinsic photoprocesses of phycobilisomes than large-scale diffusion. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5295. [PMID: 19381335 PMCID: PMC2667670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phycobilisomes (PBsomes) are the extrinsic antenna complexes upon the photosynthetic membranes in red algae and most cyanobacteria. The PBsomes in the cyanobacteria has been proposed to present high lateral mobility on the thylakoid membrane surface. In contrast, direct measurement of PBsome motility in red algae has been lacking so far. Methodology/Principal Findings In this work, we investigated the dynamics of PBsomes in the unicellular red alga Porphyridium cruentum in vivo and in vitro, using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP). We found that part of the fluorescence recovery could be detected in both partially- and wholly-bleached wild-type and mutant F11 (UTEX 637) cells. Such partial fluorescence recovery was also observed in glutaraldehyde-treated and betaine-treated cells in which PBsome diffusion should be restricted by cross-linking effect, as well as in isolated PBsomes immobilized on the glass slide. Conclusions/Significance On the basis of our previous structural results showing the PBsome crowding on the native photosynthetic membrane as well as the present FRAP data, we concluded that the fluorescence recovery observed during FRAP experiment in red algae is mainly ascribed to the intrinsic photoprocesses of the bleached PBsomes in situ, rather than the rapid diffusion of PBsomes on thylakoid membranes in vivo. Furthermore, direct observations of the fluorescence dynamics of phycoerythrins using FRAP demonstrated the energetic decoupling of phycoerythrins in PBsomes against strong excitation light in vivo, which is proposed as a photoprotective mechanism in red algae attributed by the PBsomes in response to excess light energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ning Liu
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biophysics, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs J. Aartsma
- Department of Biophysics, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Claude Thomas
- UMR 8186 CNRS & Ecole Normale Supérieure, Biologie Moléculaire des Organismes Photosynthétiques, Paris, France
| | - Bai-Cheng Zhou
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Liu LN, Elmalk AT, Aartsma TJ, Thomas JC, Lamers GEM, Zhou BC, Zhang YZ. Light-induced energetic decoupling as a mechanism for phycobilisome-related energy dissipation in red algae: a single molecule study. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3134. [PMID: 18769542 PMCID: PMC2518951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photosynthetic organisms have developed multiple protective mechanisms to prevent photodamage in vivo under high-light conditions. Cyanobacteria and red algae use phycobilisomes (PBsomes) as their major light-harvesting antennae complexes. The orange carotenoid protein in some cyanobacteria has been demonstrated to play roles in the photoprotective mechanism. The PBsome-itself-related energy dissipation mechanism is still unclear. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here, single-molecule spectroscopy is applied for the first time on the PBsomes of red alga Porphyridium cruentum, to detect the fluorescence emissions of phycoerythrins (PE) and PBsome core complex simultaneously, and the real-time detection could greatly characterize the fluorescence dynamics of individual PBsomes in response to intense light. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our data revealed that strong green-light can induce the fluorescence decrease of PBsome, as well as the fluorescence increase of PE at the first stage of photobleaching. It strongly indicated an energetic decoupling occurring between PE and its neighbor. The fluorescence of PE was subsequently observed to be decreased, showing that PE was photobleached when energy transfer in the PBsomes was disrupted. In contrast, the energetic decoupling was not observed in either the PBsomes fixed with glutaraldehyde, or the mutant PBsomes lacking B-PE and remaining b-PE. It was concluded that the energetic decoupling of the PBsomes occurs at the specific association between B-PE and b-PE within the PBsome rod. Assuming that the same process occurs also at the much lower physiological light intensities, such a decoupling process is proposed to be a strategy corresponding to PBsomes to prevent photodamage of the photosynthetic reaction centers. Finally, a novel photoprotective role of gamma-subunit-containing PE in red algae was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ning Liu
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- Biophysics Department, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Abdalmohsen T. Elmalk
- Biophysics Department, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs J. Aartsma
- Biophysics Department, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Claude Thomas
- UMR 8186 CNRS & Ecole Normale Supérieure, Biologie Moléculaire des Organismes Photosynthétiques, Paris, France
| | | | - Bai-Cheng Zhou
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Ma Y, Xie J, Zhang R, Hu C, Zhao J. Molecular properties of R-phycocyanin subunits from Polysiphonia urceolata in potassium phosphatebuffer. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2008; 7:263-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b714837b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mackowski S, Wörmke S, Brotosudarmo THP, Jung C, Hiller RG, Scheer H, Bräuchle C. Energy transfer in reconstituted peridinin-chlorophyll-protein complexes: ensemble and single-molecule spectroscopy studies. Biophys J 2007; 93:3249-58. [PMID: 17675350 PMCID: PMC2025647 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.107.112094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We combine ensemble and single-molecule spectroscopy to gain insight into the energy transfer between chlorophylls (Chls) in peridinin-chlorophyll-protein (PCP) complexes reconstituted with Chl a, Chl b, as well as both Chl a and Chl b. The main focus is the heterochlorophyllous system (Chl a/b-N-PCP), and reference information essential to interpret experimental observations is obtained from homochlorophyllous complexes. Energy transfer between Chls in Chl a/b-N-PCP takes place from Chl b to Chl a and also from Chl a to Chl b with comparable Förster energy transfer rates of 0.0324 and 0.0215 ps(-1), respectively. Monte Carlo simulations yield the ratio of 39:61 for the excitation distribution between Chl a and Chl b, which is larger than the equilibrium distribution of 34:66. An average Chl a/Chl b fluorescence intensity ratio of 66:34 is measured, however, for single Chl a/b-N-PCP complexes excited into the peridinin (Per) absorption. This difference is attributed to almost three times more efficient energy transfer from Per to Chl a than to Chl b. The results indicate also that due to bilateral energy transfer, the Chl system equilibrates only partially during the excited state lifetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mackowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilian University, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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Vacha F, Bumba L, Kaftan D, Vacha M. Microscopy and single molecule detection in photosynthesis. Micron 2005; 36:483-502. [PMID: 15951188 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2005.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Revised: 04/18/2005] [Accepted: 04/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Progress in various fields of microscopy techniques brought up enormous possibilities to study the photosynthesis down to the level of individual pigment-protein complexes. The aim of this review is to present recent developments in the photosynthesis research obtained using such highly advanced techniques. Three areas of microscopy techniques covering optical microscopy, electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy are reviewed. Whereas the electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy are used in photosynthesis mainly for structural studies of photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes, the optical microscopy is used also for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frantisek Vacha
- Institute of Physical Biology, University of South Bohemia, Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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Zhao KH, Zhu JP, Song B, Zhou M, Storf M, Böhm S, Bubenzer C, Scheer H. Nonenzymatic chromophore attachment in biliproteins: conformational control by the detergent Triton X-100. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2004; 1657:131-45. [PMID: 15238270 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2004.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2004] [Revised: 04/21/2004] [Accepted: 04/21/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
While chromophore attachment to alpha-subunits of cyanobacterial biliproteins has been studied in some detail, little is known about this process in beta-subunits. The ones of phycoerythrocyanin and C-phycocyanin each carry two phycocyanobilin (PCB) chromophores covalently attached to cysteins beta84 and beta155. The differential nonenzymatic reconstitution of PCB to the apoproteins, PecA, PecB, CpcA and CpcB, as well as to mutant proteins of the beta-subunits lacking either one of the two binding cysteins, was studied using overexpression of the respective genes. PCB adds selectively to Cys-84 of CpcA, CpcB, PecA, and PecB, but the bound chromophore has a nonnative configuration, and in the case of CpcA, is partly oxidized to mesobiliverdin (MBV). The oxidation is independent of thiols but can be suppressed by ascorbate. The addition to Cys-beta84 is suppressed in the presence of detergents like Triton X-100, in favor of an addition to Cys-beta155 yielding the correctly bound chromophore. Triton X-100 also inhibits oxidation of the chromophore during addition to CpcA. The effect of Triton X-100 was studied on the isolated components of the reconstitution system. Absorption, fluorescence and circular dichroism spectra indicate a major conformational change of the chromophore upon addition of the detergent, which probably controls the site selectivity of the addition reaction, and inhibits the oxidation of PCB to MBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hong Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, PR China.
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