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Ulrich NJ, Shen G, Bryant DA, Miller SR. Ecological diversification of a cyanobacterium through divergence of its novel chlorophyll d-based light-harvesting system. Curr Biol 2024:S0960-9822(24)00665-1. [PMID: 38851184 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The evolution of novel traits can have important consequences for biological diversification. Novelties such as new structures are associated with changes in both genotype and phenotype that often lead to changes in ecological function.1,2 New ecological opportunities provided by a novel trait can trigger subsequent trait modification or niche partitioning3; however, the underlying mechanisms of novel trait diversification are still poorly understood. Here, we report that the innovation of a new chlorophyll (Chl) pigment, Chl d, by the cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina was followed by the functional divergence of its light-harvesting complex. We identified three major photosynthetic spectral types based on Chl fluorescence properties for a collection of A. marina laboratory strains for which genome sequence data are available,4,5 with shorter- and longer-wavelength types more recently derived from an ancestral intermediate phenotype. Members of the different spectral types exhibited extensive variation in the Chl-binding proteins as well as the Chl energy levels of their photosynthetic complexes. This spectral-type divergence is associated with differences in the wavelength dependence of both growth rate and photosynthetic oxygen evolution. We conclude that the divergence of the light-harvesting apparatus has consequently impacted A. marina ecological diversification through specialization on different far-red photons for photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikea J Ulrich
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Gaozhong Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 406 Althouse Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Donald A Bryant
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, 406 Althouse Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Scott R Miller
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
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Hou Y, Zeng W, Ao C, Huang J. Integrative analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome reveals Bacillus atrophaeus WZYH01-mediated salt stress mechanism in maize (Zea mays L.). J Biotechnol 2024; 383:39-54. [PMID: 38346451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Maize is an important food crop that is affected by salt stress during growth, which can hinder plant growth and result in a significant decrease in yield. The application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can improve this situation to a certain extent. However, the gene network of rhizosphere-promoting bacteria regulating the response of maize to salt stress remains elusive. Here, we used metabolomics and transcriptomics techniques to elucidate potential gene networks and salt-response pathways in maize. Phenotypic analysis showed that the Bacillus atrophaeus treatment improved the plant height, leaf area, biomass, ion, nutrient and stomatal indicators of maize. Metabolomic analysis identified that differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were primarily concentrated in the arginine, proline and phytohormone signaling metabolic pathways. 4-Hydroxyphenylacetylglutamic acid, L-histidinol, oxoglutaric acid, L-glutamic acid, L-arginine, and L-tyrosine were significantly increased in the Bacillus atrophaeus treatment. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) identified several hub genes associated with salt response: Zm00001eb155540 and Zm00001eb088790 (ABC transporter family), Zm00001eb419060 (extra-large GTP-binding protein family), Zm00001eb317200 (calcium-transporting ATPase), Zm00001eb384800 (aquaporin NIP1-4) and Zm00001eb339170 (cytochrome P450). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that genes related to plant hormone signal transduction and the MAPK signaling pathway were involved in the response to the effect of Bacillus atrophaeus under salt stress. In the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, 3 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding EIN3/EILs protein, 3 DEGs encoding GH3, 1 DEG encoding PYR/PYL and 6 DEGs encoding PP2C were all upregulated in Bacillus atrophaeus treatment. In the MAPK signaling pathway, 2 DEGs encoding CAT1 and 2 DEGs encoding WRKY22/WRKY29 were significantly upregulated, and the expression of DEGs encoding RbohD was downregulated by the application of Bacillus atrophaeus. In conclusion, the application of Bacillus atrophaeus under salt stress regulated key physiological and molecular processes in plants, which could stimulate the expression of genes related to ion transport and nutrients in maize, alleviate salt stress and promote maize growth to some extent, deepening our understanding of the application of Bacillus atrophaeus under salt stress to improve the salt-response gene network of maize growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenzhi Zeng
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Chang Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Jiesheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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Advances in Genetic Engineering in Improving Photosynthesis and Microalgal Productivity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031898. [PMID: 36768215 PMCID: PMC9915242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though sunlight energy far outweighs the energy required by human activities, its utilization is a key goal in the field of renewable energies. Microalgae have emerged as a promising new and sustainable feedstock for meeting rising food and feed demand. Because traditional methods of microalgal improvement are likely to have reached their limits, genetic engineering is expected to allow for further increases in the photosynthesis and productivity of microalgae. Understanding the mechanisms that control photosynthesis will enable researchers to identify targets for genetic engineering and, in the end, increase biomass yield, offsetting the costs of cultivation systems and downstream biomass processing. This review describes the molecular events that happen during photosynthesis and microalgal productivity through genetic engineering and discusses future strategies and the limitations of genetic engineering in microalgal productivity. We highlight the major achievements in manipulating the fundamental mechanisms of microalgal photosynthesis and biomass production, as well as promising approaches for making significant contributions to upcoming microalgal-based biotechnology.
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Tsuzuki Y, Tsukatani Y, Yamakawa H, Itoh S, Fujita Y, Yamamoto H. Effects of Light and Oxygen on Chlorophyll d Biosynthesis in a Marine Cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:915. [PMID: 35406896 PMCID: PMC9003380 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A marine cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina synthesizes chlorophyll (Chl) d as a major Chl. Chl d has a formyl group at its C3 position instead of a vinyl group in Chl a. This modification allows Chl d to absorb far-red light addition to visible light, yet the enzyme catalyzing the formation of the C3-formyl group has not been identified. In this study, we focused on light and oxygen, the most important external factors in Chl biosynthesis, to investigate their effects on Chl d biosynthesis in A. marina. The amount of Chl d in heterotrophic dark-grown cells was comparable to that in light-grown cells, indicating that A. marina has a light-independent pathway for Chl d biosynthesis. Under anoxic conditions, the amount of Chl d increased with growth in light conditions; however, no growth was observed in dark conditions, indicating that A. marina synthesizes Chl d normally even under such “micro-oxic” conditions caused by endogenous oxygen production. Although the oxygen requirement for Chl d biosynthesis could not be confirmed, interestingly, accumulation of pheophorbide d was observed in anoxic and dark conditions, suggesting that Chl d degradation is induced by anaerobicity and darkness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tsuzuki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (Y.T.); (H.Y.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yusuke Tsukatani
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan;
| | - Hisanori Yamakawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (Y.T.); (H.Y.); (Y.F.)
| | - Shigeru Itoh
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan;
| | - Yuichi Fujita
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (Y.T.); (H.Y.); (Y.F.)
| | - Haruki Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (Y.T.); (H.Y.); (Y.F.)
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Pinevich AV. Chloroplast history clarified by the criterion of light-harvesting complex. Biosystems 2020; 196:104173. [PMID: 32534171 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2020.104173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial essence of mitochondria and chloroplasts was initially proclaimed in general outline. Later, the remarkable insight gave way to an elaborate hypothesis. Finally, it took shape of a theory confirmed by molecular biology data. In particular, the rrn operon, which is the key phylogeny marker, locates chloroplasts on the tree of Cyanobacteria. Chloroplast ancestry and diversity can be also traced with the rpoС and psbA genes, rbc operon, and other molecular criteria of prime importance. Another criterion, also highly reliable, is light-harvesting complex (LHC). LHC pigment and protein moieties specify light acclimation strategies in evolutionary retrospect and modern biosphere. The onset of symbiosis between eukaryotic host and pre-chloroplast, as well as further mutual adjustment of partners depended on physiological competence of LHC. In this review, the criterion of LHC is applied to the origin and diversity of chloroplasts. In particular, ancient cyanobacterium possessing tandem antenna (encoded by the cbp genes and the pbp genes, correspondingly), and defined as a prochlorophyte, is argued to be chloroplast ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Pinevich
- St. Petersburg State University, Department of Microbiology, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Flores C, Santos M, Pereira SB, Mota R, Rossi F, De Philippis R, Couto N, Karunakaran E, Wright PC, Oliveira P, Tamagnini P. The alternative sigma factor SigF is a key player in the control of secretion mechanisms inSynechocystissp. PCC 6803. Environ Microbiol 2018; 21:343-359. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Flores
- Bioengineering and Synthetic Microbiology Group; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Bioengineering and Synthetic Microbiology Group; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar; Porto Portugal
| | - Marina Santos
- Bioengineering and Synthetic Microbiology Group; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Bioengineering and Synthetic Microbiology Group; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar; Porto Portugal
| | - Sara B. Pereira
- Bioengineering and Synthetic Microbiology Group; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Bioengineering and Synthetic Microbiology Group; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Rita Mota
- Bioengineering and Synthetic Microbiology Group; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Bioengineering and Synthetic Microbiology Group; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Federico Rossi
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Roberto De Philippis
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Narciso Couto
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; ChELSI Institute, University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Esther Karunakaran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; ChELSI Institute, University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Phillip C. Wright
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; ChELSI Institute, University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Paulo Oliveira
- Bioengineering and Synthetic Microbiology Group; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Bioengineering and Synthetic Microbiology Group; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Paula Tamagnini
- Bioengineering and Synthetic Microbiology Group; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Bioengineering and Synthetic Microbiology Group; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências, Departamento de Biologia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
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Badshah SL, Mabkhot Y, Al-Showiman SS. Photosynthesis at the far-red region of the spectrum in Acaryochloris marina. Biol Res 2017; 50:16. [PMID: 28526061 PMCID: PMC5438491 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-017-0120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acaryochloris marina is an oxygenic cyanobacterium that utilizes far-red light for photosynthesis. It has an expanded genome, which helps in its adaptability to the environment, where it can survive on low energy photons. Its major light absorbing pigment is chlorophyll d and it has α-carotene as a major carotenoid. Light harvesting antenna includes the external phycobilin binding proteins, which are hexameric rods made of phycocyanin and allophycocyanins, while the small integral membrane bound chlorophyll binding proteins are also present. There is specific chlorophyll a molecule in both the reaction center of Photosystem I (PSI) and PSII, but majority of the reaction center consists of chlorophyll d. The composition of the PSII reaction center is debatable especially the role and position of chlorophyll a in it. Here we discuss the photosystems of this bacterium and its related biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Lal Badshah
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Yahia Mabkhot
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyad, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salim S Al-Showiman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyad, Saudi Arabia.
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Chen M, Blankenship RE. Expanding the solar spectrum used by photosynthesis. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2011; 16:427-31. [PMID: 21493120 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A limiting factor for photosynthetic organisms is their light-harvesting efficiency, that is the efficiency of their conversion of light energy to chemical energy. Small modifications or variations of chlorophylls allow photosynthetic organisms to harvest sunlight at different wavelengths. Oxygenic photosynthetic organisms usually utilize only the visible portion of the solar spectrum. The cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina carries out oxygenic photosynthesis but contains mostly chlorophyll d and only traces of chlorophyll a. Chlorophyll d provides a potential selective advantage because it enables Acaryochloris to use infrared light (700-750 nm) that is not absorbed by chlorophyll a. Recently, an even more red-shifted chlorophyll termed chlorophyll f has been reported. Here, we discuss using modified chlorophylls to extend the spectral region of light that drives photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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