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Belyaeva NE, Bulychev AA, Klementiev KE, Paschenko VZ, Riznichenko GY, Rubin AB. Comparative modeling of fluorescence and P700 induction kinetics for alga Scenedesmus sp. obliques and cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Role of state 2-state 1 transitions and redox state of plastoquinone pool. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:729-745. [PMID: 38340281 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01224-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The model of thylakoid membrane system (T-M model) (Belyaeva et al. Photosynth Res 2019, 140:1-19) has been improved in order to analyze the induction data for dark-adapted samples of algal (Scenedesmus obliques) and cyanobacterial (Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803) cells. The fluorescence induction (FI) curves of Scenedesmus were measured at light exposures of 5 min, while FI and P700 redox transformations of Synechocystis were recorded in parallel for 100 s intervals. Kinetic data comprising the OJIP-SMT fluorescence induction and OABCDEF P700+ absorbance changes were used to study the processes underlying state transitions qT2→1 and qT1→2 associated with the increase/decrease in Chl fluorescence emission. A formula with the Hill kinetics (Ebenhöh et al. Philos Trans R Soc B 2014, 369:20130223) was introduced into the T-M model, with a new variable to imitate the flexible size of antenna AntM(t) associated with PSII. Simulations revealed that the light-harvesting capacity of PSII increases with a corresponding decrease for that of PSI upon the qT2→1 transition induced by plastoquinone (PQ) pool oxidation. The complete T-M model fittings were attained on Scenedesmus or Synechocystis fast waves OJIPS of FI, while SMT wave of FI was reproduced at intervals shorter than 5 min. Also the fast P700 redox transitions (OABC) for Synechocystis were fitted exactly. Reasonable sets of algal and cyanobacterial electron/proton transfer (ET/PT) parameters were found. In the case of Scenedesmus, ET/PT traits remained the same irrespective of modeling with or without qT2→1 transitions. Simulations indicated a high extent (20%) of the PQ pool reduction under dark conditions in Synechocystis compared to 2% in Scenedesmus.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Belyaeva
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - A A Bulychev
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - K E Klementiev
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- Biological Faculty, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - V Z Paschenko
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - G Yu Riznichenko
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - A B Rubin
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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Sukhova EM, Vodeneev VA, Sukhov VS. Mathematical Modeling of Photosynthesis and Analysis of Plant Productivity. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES A: MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747821010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Belyaeva NE, Bulychev AA, Klementiev KE, Paschenko VZ, Riznichenko GY, Rubin AB. Model quantification of the light-induced thylakoid membrane processes in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in vivo and after exposure to radioactive irradiation. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 146:259-278. [PMID: 32734447 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of OJIP-SMT patterns of fluorescence induction (FI) in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Synechocystis) cells on a time scale up to several minutes were mathematically treated within the framework of thylakoid membrane (T-M) model (Belyaeva et al., Photosynth Res 140:1-19, 2019) that was renewed to account for the state transitions effects. Principles of describing electron transfer in reaction centers of photosystems II and I (PSII and PSI) and cytochrome b6f complex remained unchanged, whereas parameters for dissipative reactions of non-radiative charge recombination were altered depending on the oxidation state of QB-site (neutral, reduced by one electron, empty, reduced by two electrons). According to our calculations, the initial content of plastoquinol (PQH2) in the total quinone pool of Synechocystis cells adapted to darkness for 10 min ranged between 20 and 40%. The results imply that the PQ pool mediates photosynthetic and respiratory charge flows. The redistribution of PBS antenna units responsible for the increase of Chl fluorescence in cyanobacteria (qT2 → 1) upon state 2 → 1 transition or the fluorescence lowering (qT1 → 2) due to state 1 → 2 transition were described in the model by exponential functions. Parameters of dynamically changed effective cross section were found by means of simulations of OJIP-SMT patterns observed on Synechocystis cells upon strong (3000 μmol photons m-2s-1) and moderate (1000 μmol photons m-2s-1) actinic light intensities. The corresponding light constant values kLΣAnt = 1.2 ms-1 and 0.4 ms-1 define the excitation of total antenna pool dynamically redistributed between PSII and PSI reaction centers. Although the OCP-induced quenching of antenna excitation is not involved in the model, the main features of the induction signals have been satisfactorily explained. In the case of strong illumination, the effective cross section decreases by approximately 33% for irradiated Synechocystis cells as compared to untreated cells. Under moderate light, the irradiated Synechocystis cells showed in simulations the same cross section as the untreated cells. The thylakoid model renewed with state transitions description allowed simulation of fluorescence induction OJIP-SMT curves detected on time scale from microseconds to minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Belyaeva
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A A Bulychev
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - K E Klementiev
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Z Paschenko
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Yu Riznichenko
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - A B Rubin
- Department of Biophysics, Biology Faculty of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
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Zhang MM, Fan DY, Murakami K, Badger MR, Sun GY, Chow WS. Partially Dissecting Electron Fluxes in Both Photosystems in Spinach Leaf Disks during Photosynthetic Induction. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2206-2219. [PMID: 31271439 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic induction, a gradual increase in photosynthetic rate on a transition from darkness or low light to high light, has ecological significance, impact on biomass accumulation in fluctuating light and relevance to photoprotection in strong light. However, the experimental quantification of the component electron fluxes in and around both photosystems during induction has been rare. Combining optimized chlorophyll fluorescence, the redox kinetics of P700 [primary electron donor in Photosystem I (PSI)] and membrane inlet mass spectrometry in the absence/presence of inhibitors/mediator, we partially estimated the components of electron fluxes in spinach leaf disks on transition from darkness to 1,000 �mol photons�m-2�s-1 for up to 10 min, obtaining the following findings: (i) the partitioning of energy between both photosystems did not change noticeably; (ii) in Photosystem II (PSII), the combined cyclic electron flow (CEF2) and charge recombination (CR2) to the ground state decreased gradually toward 0 in steady state; (iii) oxygen reduction by electrons from PSII, partly bypassing PSI, was small but measurable; (iv) cyclic electron flow around PSI (CEF1) peaked before becoming somewhat steady; (v) peak magnitudes of some of the electron fluxes, all probably photoprotective, were in the descending order: CEF1 > CEF2 + CR2 > chloroplast O2 uptake; and (vi) the chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like complex appeared to aid the antimycin A-sensitive CEF1. The results are important for fine-tuning in silico simulation of in vivo photosynthetic electron transport processes; such simulation is, in turn, necessary to probe partial processes in a complex network of interactions in response to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Zhang
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Da-Yong Fan
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Keach Murakami
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center (HARC), Hitsujigaoka 1, Toyohira, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Murray R Badger
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Guang-Yu Sun
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wah Soon Chow
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
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Ptushenko VV, Zhigalova TV, Avercheva OV, Tikhonov AN. Three phases of energy-dependent induction of [Formula: see text] and Chl a fluorescence in Tradescantia fluminensis leaves. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019. [PMID: 29516232 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the short-term regulation (STR, seconds to minute time scale) of photosynthetic apparatus is associated with the energy-dependent control in the chloroplast electron transport, the distribution of light energy between photosystems (PS) II and I, activation/deactivation of the Calvin-Benson cycle (CBC) enzymes, and relocation of chloroplasts within the plant cell. In this work, using a dual-PAM technique for measuring the time-courses of P700 photooxidation and Chl a fluorescence, we have investigated the STR events in Tradescantia fluminensis leaves. The comparison of Chl a fluorescence and [Formula: see text] induction allowed us to investigate the contribution of the trans-thylakoid pH difference (ΔpH) to the STR events. Two parameters were used as the indicators of ΔpH generation: pH-dependent component of non-photochemical quenching of Chl a fluorescence, and pHin-dependent rate of electron transfer from plastoquinol (PQH2) to [Formula: see text] (via the Cyt b6f complex and plastocyanin). In dark-adapted leaves, kinetics of [Formula: see text] induction revealed three phases. Initial phase is characterized by rapid electron flow to [Formula: see text] (τ1/2 ~ 5-10 ms), which is likely related to cyclic electron flow around PSI, while the outflow of electrons from PSI is restricted by slow consumption of NADPH in the CBC. The light-induced generation of ΔpH and activation of the CBC promote photooxidation of P700 and concomitant retardation of [Formula: see text] reduction (τ1/2 ~ 20 ms). Prolonged illumination induces additional slowing down of electron transfer to [Formula: see text] (τ1/2 ≥ 30-35 ms). The latter effect is not accompanied by changes in the Chl a fluorescence parameters which are sensitive to ΔpH generation. We suggest the tentative explanation of the latter results by the reversal of Q-cycle, which causes the deceleration of PQH2 oxidation due to the back pressure of stromal reductants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily V Ptushenko
- A.N.Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- N.M.Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Olga V Avercheva
- Faculty of Biology, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N Tikhonov
- N.M.Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
- Faculty of Physics, M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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De-Luca R, Bernardi A, Meneghesso A, Morosinotto T, Bezzo F. Modelling the photosynthetic electron transport chain in Nannochloropsis gaditana via exploitation of absorbance data. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Yan D, Beardall J, Gao K. Variation in cell size of the diatom Coscinodiscus granii influences photosynthetic performance and growth. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 137:41-52. [PMID: 29322482 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell size has implications for the package effect in photon absorption as well as for metabolic scaling of metabolism. In this study, we have avoided species-related differences by using isolates of the marine planktonic diatom Coscinodiscus granii with cells of different sizes and grown at different light intensities to investigate their energy allocation strategies. To make full use of incident light, several fold variations in cellular chlorophyll a content were employed across cell size. This modulation of pigment-related light absorbance was deemed effective as similar light absorbing capacities were found in all treatments. Unexpected low values of O2 evolution rate at the highest irradiance level of 450 μmol photons m-2 s-1 were found in medium and large cells, regardless of more photons being absorbed under these conditions, suggesting the operation of alternative electron flows acting as electron sinks. The growth rate was generally larger at higher irradiance levels except for the large cells, in which growth slowed at 450 μmol photons m-2 s-1, suggesting that larger cells achieved a balance between growth and photoprotection by sacrificing growth rate when exposed to high light. Although the ratio of carbon demand to rates of uncatalysed CO2 diffusion to the cell surface reached around 20 in large cells grown under higher irradiance, the carbon fixation rate was not lowered, due to the presence of a highly effective carbon dioxide concentrating mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - John Beardall
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Kunshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Lyu H, Lazár D. Modeling the light-induced electric potential difference ΔΨ across the thylakoid membrane based on the transition state rate theory. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1858:239-248. [PMID: 28027878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In photosynthesis, electron transport-coupled proton movement initiates the formation of the light-induced electric potential difference, ΔΨ, across the thylakoid membrane (TM). Ions are transported across the TM to counterbalance the charge of protons accumulated in the lumen. The objective of this work is to construct range of mathematical models for simulation of ΔΨ, using the transition state rate theory (TSRT) for description of movement of ions through the channels. The TSRT considers either single-ion (TSRT-SI) or multi-ion occupancy (TSRT-MI) in the channels. Movement of ions through the channel pore is described by means of energy barriers and binding sites; ions move in and out of vacant sites with rate constants that depend on the barrier heights and well depths, as well as on the interionic repulsion in TSRT-MI model. Three energy motifs are used to describe the TSRT-SI model: two-barrier one-site (2B1S), three-barrier two-site (3B2S), and four-barrier three-site (4B3S). The 3B2S energy motif is used for the TSRT-MI model. The accumulation of cations due to the TM surface negative fixed charges is also taken into account. A model employing the electro-diffusion theory instead of the TSRT is constructed for comparison. The dual wavelength transmittance signal (ΔA515-560nm) measuring the electrochromic shift (ECS) provides a proxy for experimental light-induced ΔΨ. The simulated ΔΨ traces qualitatively agree with the measured ECS traces. The models can simulate different channel conducting regimes and assess their impact on ΔΨ. The ionic flux coupling in the TSRT-MI model suggests that an increase in the internal or external K+ concentration may block the outward or the inward Mg2+ current, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lyu
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dušan Lazár
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Fan DY, Fitzpatrick D, Oguchi R, Ma W, Kou J, Chow WS. Obstacles in the quantification of the cyclic electron flux around Photosystem I in leaves of C3 plants. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 129:239-51. [PMID: 26846653 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0223-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sixty years ago Arnon and co-workers discovered photophosphorylation driven by a cyclic electron flux (CEF) around Photosystem I. Since then understanding the physiological roles and the regulation of CEF has progressed, mainly via genetic approaches. One basic problem remains, however: quantifying CEF in the absence of a net product. Quantification of CEF under physiological conditions is a crucial prerequisite for investigating the physiological roles of CEF. Here we summarize current progress in methods of CEF quantification in leaves and, in some cases, in isolated thylakoids, of C3 plants. Evidently, all present methods have their own shortcomings. We conclude that to quantify CEF in vivo, the best way currently is to measure the electron flux through PS I (ETR1) and that through PS II and PS I in series (ETR2) for the whole leaf tissue under identical conditions. The difference between ETR1 and ETR2 is an upper estimate of CEF, mainly consisting, in C3 plants, of a major PGR5-PGRL1-dependent CEF component and a minor chloroplast NDH-dependent component, where PGR5 stands for Proton Gradient Regulation 5 protein, PGRL1 for PGR5-like photosynthesis phenotype 1, and NDH for Chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like complex. These two CEF components can be separated by the use of antimycin A to inhibit the former (major) component. Membrane inlet mass spectrometry utilizing stable oxygen isotopes provides a reliable estimation of ETR2, whilst ETR1 can be estimated from a method based on the photochemical yield of PS I, Y(I). However, some issues for the recommended method remain unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Duncan Fitzpatrick
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Riichi Oguchi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Weimin Ma
- College of Life & Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Guilin Road 100, Shanghai, 200234, China
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Jiancun Kou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Wah Soon Chow
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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Sukhov V, Surova L, Sherstneva O, Katicheva L, Vodeneev V. Variation potential influence on photosynthetic cyclic electron flow in pea. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 5:766. [PMID: 25610447 PMCID: PMC4285888 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic electron flow is an important component of the total photosynthetic electron flow and participates in adaptation to the action of stressors. Local leaf stimulation induces electrical signals, including variation potential (VP), which inactivate photosynthesis; however, their influence on cyclic electron flow has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate VP's influence on cyclic electron flow in pea (Pisum sativum L.). VP was induced in pea seedling leaves by local heating and measured in an adjacent, undamaged leaf by extracellular electrodes. CO2 assimilation was measured using a portable gas exchange measuring system. Photosystem I and II parameters were investigated using a measuring system for simultaneous assessment of P700 oxidation and chlorophyll fluorescence. Heating-induced VP reduced CO2 assimilation and electron flow through photosystem II. In response, cyclic electron flow rapidly decreased and subsequently slowly increased. Slow increases in cyclic flow were caused by decreased electron flow through photosystem II, which was mainly connected with VP-induced photosynthetic dark stage inactivation. However, direct influence by VP on photosystem I also participated in activation of cyclic electron flow. Thus, VP, induced by local leaf-heating, activated cyclic electron flow in undamaged leaves. This response was similar to photosynthetic changes observed under the direct action of stressors. Possible mechanisms of VP's influence on cyclic flow were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Sukhov
- Department of Biophysics, N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny NovgorodNizhny Novgorod, Russia
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Zivcak M, Kalaji HM, Shao HB, Olsovska K, Brestic M. Photosynthetic proton and electron transport in wheat leaves under prolonged moderate drought stress. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 137:107-15. [PMID: 24508481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In conditions of long-lasting moderate drought stress, we have studied the photoprotective responses in leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. Katya) related to the photosynthetic electron and proton transport. The dark-interval relaxation kinetics of electrochromic bandshift (ECS) indicated a decrease of electric and an increase of osmotic component of the proton motive force in drought stressed leaves, but neither the total proton motive force (pmf) nor the thylakoid proton conductance (gH(+)) were affected. We observed the enhanced protection against overreduction of PSI acceptor side in leaves of drought stressed plants. This was obviously achieved by the rapid buildup of transthylakoid pH gradient at relatively low light intensities, directly associated to the steep increase of NPQ and the down-regulation of linear electron transport. It was further accompanied by the steep increase of redox poise at PSII acceptor side and PSI donor side. The early responses related to thylakoid lumen acidification in drought-stressed leaves could be associated with the activity of an enhanced fraction of PSI not involved in linear electron flow, which may have led to enhanced cyclic electron pathway even in relatively low light intensities, as well as to the drought-induced decrease of IP-amplitude in fast chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw Agricultural University SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Hong-Bo Shao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology & Bioresources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Yantai 264003, PR China; Institute of Life Sciences, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, PR China.
| | - Katarina Olsovska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak Agricultural University, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
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Kou J, Takahashi S, Oguchi R, Fan DY, Badger MR, Chow WS. Estimation of the steady-state cyclic electron flux around PSI in spinach leaf discs in white light, CO 2-enriched air and other varied conditions. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2013; 40:1018-1028. [PMID: 32481170 DOI: 10.1071/fp13010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic electron flux (CEF) around PSI is essential for efficient photosynthesis and aids photoprotection, especially in stressful conditions, but the difficulty in quantifying CEF is non-trivial. The total electron flux through PSI (ETR1) and the linear electron flux (LEFO2) through both photosystems in spinach leaf discs were estimated from the photochemical yield of PSI and the gross oxygen evolution rate, respectively, in CO2-enriched air. ΔFlux=ETR1 - LEFO2 is an upper estimate of CEF. Infiltration of leaf discs with 150μM antimycin A did not affect LEFO2, but decreased ΔFlux 10-fold. ΔFlux was practically negligible below 350μmolphotonsm-2s-1, but increased linearly above it. The following results were obtained at 980μmolphotonsm-2s-1. ΔFlux increased 3-fold as the temperature increased from 5°C to 40°C. It did not decline at high temperature, even when LEFO2 decreased. ΔFlux increased by 80% as the relative water content of leaf discs decreased from 100 to 40%, when LEFO2 decreased 2-fold. The method of using ΔFlux as a non-intrusive upper estimate of steady-state CEF in leaf tissue appears reasonable when photorespiration is suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancun Kou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shunichi Takahashi
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Riichi Oguchi
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Da-Yong Fan
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Murray R Badger
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Wah Soon Chow
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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Bulychev AA, Osipov VA, Matorin DN, Vredenberg WJ. Effects of far-red light on fluorescence induction in infiltrated pea leaves under diminished ΔpH and Δφ components of the proton motive force. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2013; 45:37-45. [PMID: 23054078 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-012-9476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves induced by an actinic pulse of red light follow different kinetics in dark-adapted plant leaves and leaves preilluminated with far-red light. This influence of far-red light was abolished in leaves infiltrated with valinomycin known to eliminate the electrical (Δφ) component of the proton-motive force and was strongly enhanced in leaves infiltrated with nigericin that abolishes the ΔpH component. The supposed influence of ionophores on different components of the proton motive force was supported by differential effects of these ionophores on the induction curves of the millisecond component of chlorophyll delayed fluorescence. Comparison of fluorescence induction curves with the kinetics of P700 oxidation in the absence and presence of ionophores suggests that valinomycin facilitates a build-up of a rate-limiting step for electron transport at the site of plastoquinone oxidation, whereas nigericin effectively removes limitations at this site. Far-red light was found to be a particularly effective modulator of electron flows in chloroplasts in the absence of ΔpH backpressure on operation of the electron-transport chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Bulychev
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Bulychev AA. Induction changes in photosystems I and II in plant leaves upon modulation of membrane ion transport. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW SUPPLEMENT SERIES A-MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747811050035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Vredenberg W. Kinetic analyses and mathematical modeling of primary photochemical and photoelectrochemical processes in plant photosystems. Biosystems 2010; 103:138-51. [PMID: 21070830 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2010.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper the model and simulation of primary photochemical and photo-electrochemical reactions in dark-adapted intact plant leaves is presented. A descriptive algorithm has been derived from analyses of variable chlorophyll a fluorescence and P700 oxidation kinetics upon excitation with multi-turnover pulses (MTFs) of variable intensity and duration. These analyses have led to definition and formulation of rate equations that describe the sequence of primary linear electron transfer (LET) steps in photosystem II (PSII) and of cyclic electron transport (CET) in PSI. The model considers heterogeneity in PSII reaction centers (RCs) associated with the S-states of the OEC and incorporates in a dark-adapted state the presence of a 15-35% fraction of Q(B)-nonreducing RCs that probably is identical with the S₀ fraction. The fluorescence induction algorithm (FIA) in the 10 μs-1s excitation time range considers a photochemical O-J-D, a photo-electrochemical J-I and an I-P phase reflecting the response of the variable fluorescence to the electric trans-thylakoid potential generated by the proton pump fuelled by CET in PSI. The photochemical phase incorporates the kinetics associated with the double reduction of the acceptor pair of pheophytin (Phe) and plastoquinone Q(A) [PheQ(A)] in Q(B) nonreducing RCs and the associated doubling of the variable fluorescence, in agreement with the three-state trapping model (TSTM) of PS II. The decline in fluorescence emission during the so called SMT in the 1-100s excitation time range, known as the Kautsky curve, is shown to be associated with a substantial decrease of CET-powered proton efflux from the stroma into the chloroplast lumen through the ATPsynthase of the photosynthetic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Vredenberg
- Dept. of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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