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Nelson N. Investigating the Balance between Structural Conservation and Functional Flexibility in Photosystem I. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5073. [PMID: 38791114 PMCID: PMC11121529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis, as the primary source of energy for all life forms, plays a crucial role in maintaining the global balance of energy, entropy, and enthalpy in living organisms. Among its various building blocks, photosystem I (PSI) is responsible for light-driven electron transfer, crucial for generating cellular reducing power. PSI acts as a light-driven plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase and is situated in the thylakoid membranes of cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms. Comprehending the structure and function of the photosynthetic machinery is essential for understanding its mode of action. New insights are offered into the structure and function of PSI and its associated light-harvesting proteins, with a specific focus on the remarkable structural conservation of the core complex and high plasticity of the peripheral light-harvesting complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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2
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Nelson N. Coupling and Slips in Photosynthetic Reactions-From Femtoseconds to Eons. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3878. [PMID: 38005774 PMCID: PMC10674687 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis stands as a unique biological phenomenon that can be comprehensively explored across a wide spectrum, from femtoseconds to eons. Across each timespan, a delicate interplay exists between coupling and inherent deviations that are essential for sustaining the overall efficiency of the system. Both quantum mechanics and thermodynamics act as guiding principles for the diverse processes occurring from femtoseconds to eons. Processes such as excitation energy transfer and the accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere, along with the proliferation of organic matter on the Earth's surface, are all governed by the coupling-slip principle. This article will delve into select time points along this expansive scale. It will highlight the interconnections between photosynthesis, the global population, disorder, and the issue of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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3
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Dumont R, Dowdell J, Song J, Li J, Wang S, Kang W, Li B. Control of charge transport in electronically active systems towards integrated biomolecular circuits (IbC). J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8302-8314. [PMID: 37464922 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00701d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The miniaturization of traditional silicon-based electronics will soon reach its limitation as quantum tunneling and heat become serious problems at the several-nanometer scale. Crafting integrated circuits via self-assembly of electronically active molecules using a "bottom-up" paradigm provides a potential solution to these technological challenges. In particular, integrated biomolecular circuits (IbC) offer promising advantages to achieve this goal, as nature offers countless examples of functionalities entailed by self-assembly and examples of controlling charge transport at the molecular level within the self-assembled structures. To this end, the review summarizes the progress in understanding how charge transport is regulated in biosystems and the key redox-active amino acids that enable the charge transport. In addition, charge transport mechanisms at different length scales are also reviewed, offering key insights for controlling charge transport in IbC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Dumont
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, USA.
| | - Juwaan Dowdell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, USA.
| | - Jisoo Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, USA.
| | - Jiani Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Centre for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
| | - Suwan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Centre for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
| | - Wei Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Centre for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, USA.
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4
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Agustinus B, Gillam EMJ. Solar-powered P450 catalysis: Engineering electron transfer pathways from photosynthesis to P450s. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 245:112242. [PMID: 37187017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing focus on green chemistry, biocatalysis is becoming more widely used in the pharmaceutical and other chemical industries for sustainable production of high value and structurally complex chemicals. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are attractive biocatalysts for industrial application due to their ability to transform a huge range of substrates in a stereo- and regiospecific manner. However, despite their appeal, the industrial application of P450s is limited by their dependence on costly reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and one or more auxiliary redox partner proteins. Coupling P450s to the photosynthetic machinery of a plant allows photosynthetically-generated electrons to be used to drive catalysis, overcoming this cofactor dependency. Thus, photosynthetic organisms could serve as photobioreactors with the capability to produce value-added chemicals using only light, water, CO2 and an appropriate chemical as substrate for the reaction/s of choice, yielding new opportunities for producing commodity and high-value chemicals in a carbon-negative and sustainable manner. This review will discuss recent progress in using photosynthesis for light-driven P450 biocatalysis and explore the potential for further development of such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadius Agustinus
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M J Gillam
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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5
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Structure of Photosystem I Supercomplex Isolated from a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Cytochrome b6f Temperature-Sensitive Mutant. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030537. [PMID: 36979472 PMCID: PMC10046768 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, has been widely used as a model system to study photosynthesis. Its possibility to generate and analyze specific mutants has made it an excellent tool for mechanistic and biogenesis studies. Using negative selection of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation–mutated cells, we isolated a mutant (TSP9) with a single amino acid mutation in the Rieske protein of the cytochrome b6f complex. The W143R mutation in the petC gene resulted in total loss of cytochrome b6f complex function at the non-permissive temperature of 37 °C and recovery at the permissive temperature of 25 °C. We then isolated photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) supercomplexes from cells grown at the non-permissive temperature and determined the PSI structure with high-resolution cryogenic electron microscopy. There were several structural alterations compared with the structures obtained from wild-type cells. Our structural data suggest that the mutant responded by excluding the Lhca2, Lhca9, PsaL, and PsaH subunits. This structural alteration prevents state two transition, where LHCII migrates from PSII to bind to the PSI complex. We propose this as a possible response mechanism triggered by the TSP9 phenotype at the non-permissive temperature.
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6
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Satta A, Esquirol L, Ebert BE. Current Metabolic Engineering Strategies for Photosynthetic Bioproduction in Cyanobacteria. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020455. [PMID: 36838420 PMCID: PMC9964548 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms capable of using solar energy to convert CO2 and H2O into O2 and energy-rich organic compounds, thus enabling sustainable production of a wide range of bio-products. More and more strains of cyanobacteria are identified that show great promise as cell platforms for the generation of bioproducts. However, strain development is still required to optimize their biosynthesis and increase titers for industrial applications. This review describes the most well-known, newest and most promising strains available to the community and gives an overview of current cyanobacterial biotechnology and the latest innovative strategies used for engineering cyanobacteria. We summarize advanced synthetic biology tools for modulating gene expression and their use in metabolic pathway engineering to increase the production of value-added compounds, such as terpenoids, fatty acids and sugars, to provide a go-to source for scientists starting research in cyanobacterial metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Satta
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Lygie Esquirol
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Natha, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Birgitta E. Ebert
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Ostermeier M, Heinz S, Hamm J, Zabret J, Rast A, Klingl A, Nowaczyk MM, Nickelsen J. Thylakoid attachment to the plasma membrane in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 requires the AncM protein. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:655-678. [PMID: 34665262 PMCID: PMC8846179 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thylakoids are the highly specialized internal membrane systems that harbor the photosynthetic electron transport machinery in cyanobacteria and in chloroplasts. In Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, thylakoid membranes (TMs) are arranged in peripheral sheets that occasionally converge on the plasma membrane (PM) to form thylakoid convergence membranes (TCMs). TCMs connect several thylakoid sheets and form local contact sites called thylapses between the two membrane systems, at which the early steps of photosystem II (PSII) assembly occur. The protein CurT is one of the main drivers of TCM formation known so far. Here, we identify, by whole-genome sequencing of a curT- suppressor strain, the protein anchor of convergence membranes (AncM) as a factor required for the attachment of thylakoids to the PM at thylapses. An ancM- mutant is shown to have a photosynthetic phenotype characterized by reductions in oxygen-evolution rate, PSII accumulation, and PS assembly. Moreover, the ancM- strain exhibits an altered thylakoid ultrastructure with additional sheets and TCMs detached from the PM. By combining biochemical studies with fluorescence and correlative light-electron microscopy-based approaches, we show that AncM is an integral membrane protein located in biogenic TCMs that form thylapses. These data suggest an antagonistic function of AncM and CurT in shaping TM ultrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Ostermeier
- Department of Molecular Plant Science, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Steffen Heinz
- Department of Molecular Plant Science, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Julia Hamm
- Department of Molecular Plant Science, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Jure Zabret
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Anna Rast
- Department of Molecular Plant Science, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Andreas Klingl
- Department of Plant Development, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Marc M Nowaczyk
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Jörg Nickelsen
- Department of Molecular Plant Science, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
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8
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Hüner NPA, Smith DR, Cvetkovska M, Zhang X, Ivanov AG, Szyszka-Mroz B, Kalra I, Morgan-Kiss R. Photosynthetic adaptation to polar life: Energy balance, photoprotection and genetic redundancy. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 268:153557. [PMID: 34922115 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The persistent low temperature that characterize polar habitats combined with the requirement for light for all photoautotrophs creates a conundrum. The absorption of too much light at low temperature can cause an energy imbalance that decreases photosynthetic performance that has a negative impact on growth and can affect long-term survival. The goal of this review is to survey the mechanism(s) by which polar photoautotrophs maintain cellular energy balance, that is, photostasis to overcome the potential for cellular energy imbalance in their low temperature environments. Photopsychrophiles are photosynthetic organisms that are obligately adapted to low temperature (0⁰- 15 °C) but usually die at higher temperatures (≥20 °C). In contrast, photopsychrotolerant species can usually tolerate and survive a broad range of temperatures (5⁰- 40 °C). First, we summarize the basic concepts of excess excitation energy, energy balance, photoprotection and photostasis and their importance to survival in polar habitats. Second, we compare the photoprotective mechanisms that underlie photostasis and survival in aquatic cyanobacteria and green algae as well as terrestrial Antarctic and Arctic plants. We show that polar photopsychrophilic and photopsychrotolerant organisms attain energy balance at low temperature either through a regulated reduction in the efficiency of light absorption or through enhanced capacity to consume photosynthetic electrons by the induction of O2 as an alternative electron acceptor. Finally, we compare the published genomes of three photopsychrophilic and one photopsychrotolerant alga with five mesophilic green algae including the model green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. We relate our genomic analyses to photoprotective mechanisms that contribute to the potential attainment of photostasis. Finally, we discuss how the observed genomic redundancy in photopsychrophilic genomes may confer energy balance, photoprotection and resilience to their harsh polar environment. Primary production in aquatic, Antarctic and Arctic environments is dependent on diverse algal and cyanobacterial communities. Although mosses and lichens dominate the Antarctic terrestrial landscape, only two extant angiosperms exist in the Antarctic. The identification of a single 'molecular key' to unravel adaptation of photopsychrophily and photopsychrotolerance remains elusive. Since these photoautotrophs represent excellent biomarkers to assess the impact of global warming on polar ecosystems, increased study of these polar photoautotrophs remains essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman P A Hüner
- Dept. of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - David R Smith
- Dept. of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | | | - Xi Zhang
- Dept. of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Alexander G Ivanov
- Dept. of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5B7, Canada; Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria.
| | - Beth Szyszka-Mroz
- Dept. of Biology and the Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Isha Kalra
- Dept. of Microbiology, Miami University of Ohio, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA.
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9
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Hippler M, Nelson N. The Plasticity of Photosystem I. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1073-1081. [PMID: 33768246 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most of life's energy comes from sunlight, and thus, photosynthesis underpins the survival of virtually all life forms. The light-driven electron transfer at photosystem I (PSI) is certainly the most important generator of reducing power at the cellular level and thereby largely determines the global amount of enthalpy in living systems (Nelson 2011). The PSI is a light-driven plastocyanin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, which is embedded into thylakoid membranes of cyanobacteria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic photosynthetic organism. Structural determination of complexes of the photosynthetic machinery is vital for the understanding of its mode of action. Here, we describe new structural and functional insights into PSI and associated light-harvesting proteins, with a focus on the plasticity of PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster 48143, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
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10
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Xu C, Zhu Q, Chen JH, Shen L, Yi X, Huang Z, Wang W, Chen M, Kuang T, Shen JR, Zhang X, Han G. A unique photosystem I reaction center from a chlorophyll d-containing cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1740-1752. [PMID: 34002536 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is a large protein supercomplex that catalyzes the light-dependent oxidation of plastocyanin (or cytochrome c6 ) and the reduction of ferredoxin. This catalytic reaction is realized by a transmembrane electron transfer chain consisting of primary electron donor (a special chlorophyll (Chl) pair) and electron acceptors A0 , A1 , and three Fe4 S4 clusters, FX , FA , and FB . Here we report the PSI structure from a Chl d-dominated cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina at 3.3 Å resolution obtained by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. The A. marina PSI exists as a trimer with three identical monomers. Surprisingly, the structure reveals a unique composition of electron transfer chain in which the primary electron acceptor A0 is composed of two pheophytin a rather than Chl a found in any other well-known PSI structures. A novel subunit Psa27 is observed in the A. marina PSI structure. In addition, 77 Chls, 13 α-carotenes, two phylloquinones, three Fe-S clusters, two phosphatidyl glycerols, and one monogalactosyl-diglyceride were identified in each PSI monomer. Our results provide a structural basis for deciphering the mechanism of photosynthesis in a PSI complex with Chl d as the dominating pigments and absorbing far-red light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihuang Xu
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qingjun Zhu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing-Hua Chen
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Liangliang Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaohan Yi
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zihui Huang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Division of Photosynthesis and Structural Biology, Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guangye Han
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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11
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Pachoute J, Nascimento VL, de Souza DJ. Beauveria bassiana Enhances the Growth of Cowpea Plants and Increases the Mortality of Cerotoma arcuata. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3762-3769. [PMID: 34463817 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) crops stand out for their efficient adaptation to edaphoclimatic conditions. Insect pests, such as the leaf beetle Cerotoma arcuata, are among the main factors that limit cowpea yield. Chemical control methods are commonly used to control such pests; however, biological methods are an alternative to reduce the indiscriminate use of conventional pesticides. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Beauveria bassiana inoculation on the growth and physiological parameters of the cowpea plant and assess the influence of the inoculation on the feeding performance and survival of C. arcuata adults. Colonization by B. bassiana was recorded in the stems (63.89%), roots (45.83%), and leaves (25%) of the cowpea plant. It was found that B. bassiana enhanced the plant height, number of leaves, and the dry mass of the inoculated cowpea plants as compared to the control. The treated plants exhibited higher net carbon dioxide (CO2) assimilation rates in the gas exchange evaluation as well as higher stomatal conductance, evapotranspiration rates, and chlorophyll (a + b) content than the control plants. Moreover, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the B. bassiana negatively affected the survival of the insect in the leaf disc assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julner Pachoute
- Plant Production Graduate Program, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Gurupi, Gurupi, TO, 77410-530, Brazil
| | - Vitor L Nascimento
- Plant Production Graduate Program, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Gurupi, Gurupi, TO, 77410-530, Brazil.,Plant Physiology Sector, Biology Department, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Danival José de Souza
- Plant Production Graduate Program, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus Gurupi, Gurupi, TO, 77410-530, Brazil.
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12
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Tanvir RU, Zhang J, Canter T, Chen D, Lu J, Hu Z. Harnessing Solar Energy using Phototrophic Microorganisms: A Sustainable Pathway to Bioenergy, Biomaterials, and Environmental Solutions. RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 2021; 146:1-111181. [PMID: 34526853 PMCID: PMC8437043 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phototrophic microorganisms (microbial phototrophs) use light as an energy source to carry out various metabolic processes producing biomaterials and bioenergy and supporting their own growth. Among them, microalgae and cyanobacteria have been utilized extensively for bioenergy, biomaterials, and environmental applications. Their superior photosynthetic efficiency, lipid content, and shorter cultivation time compared to terrestrial biomass make them more suitable for efficient production of bioenergy and biomaterials. Other phototrophic microorganisms, especially anoxygenic phototrophs, demonstrated the ability to survive and flourish while producing renewable energy and high-value products under harsh environmental conditions. This review presents a comprehensive overview of microbial phototrophs on their (i) production of bioenergy and biomaterials, (ii) emerging and innovative applications for environmental conservation, mitigation, and remediation, and (iii) physical, genetic, and metabolic pathways to improve light harvesting and biomass/biofuel/biomaterial production. Both physical (e.g., incremental irradiation) and genetic approaches (e.g., truncated antenna) are implemented to increase the light-harvesting efficiency. Increases in biomass yield and metabolic products are possible through the manipulation of metabolic pathways and selection of a proper strain under optimal cultivation conditions and downstream processing, including harvesting, extraction, and purification. Finally, the current barriers in harnessing solar energy using phototrophic microorganisms are presented, and future research perspectives are discussed, such as integrating phototrophic microorganisms with emerging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahamat Ullah Tanvir
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Jianying Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Timothy Canter
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Dick Chen
- Dual Enrollment Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
| | - Jingrang Lu
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Cincinnati, Ohio, 45268, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
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13
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Sarewicz M, Pintscher S, Pietras R, Borek A, Bujnowicz Ł, Hanke G, Cramer WA, Finazzi G, Osyczka A. Catalytic Reactions and Energy Conservation in the Cytochrome bc1 and b6f Complexes of Energy-Transducing Membranes. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2020-2108. [PMID: 33464892 PMCID: PMC7908018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on key components of respiratory and photosynthetic energy-transduction systems: the cytochrome bc1 and b6f (Cytbc1/b6f) membranous multisubunit homodimeric complexes. These remarkable molecular machines catalyze electron transfer from membranous quinones to water-soluble electron carriers (such as cytochromes c or plastocyanin), coupling electron flow to proton translocation across the energy-transducing membrane and contributing to the generation of a transmembrane electrochemical potential gradient, which powers cellular metabolism in the majority of living organisms. Cytsbc1/b6f share many similarities but also have significant differences. While decades of research have provided extensive knowledge on these enzymes, several important aspects of their molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We summarize a broad range of structural, mechanistic, and physiological aspects required for function of Cytbc1/b6f, combining textbook fundamentals with new intriguing concepts that have emerged from more recent studies. The discussion covers but is not limited to (i) mechanisms of energy-conserving bifurcation of electron pathway and energy-wasting superoxide generation at the quinol oxidation site, (ii) the mechanism by which semiquinone is stabilized at the quinone reduction site, (iii) interactions with substrates and specific inhibitors, (iv) intermonomer electron transfer and the role of a dimeric complex, and (v) higher levels of organization and regulation that involve Cytsbc1/b6f. In addressing these topics, we point out existing uncertainties and controversies, which, as suggested, will drive further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Sarewicz
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sebastian Pintscher
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafał Pietras
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Borek
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Bujnowicz
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Guy Hanke
- School
of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen
Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | - William A. Cramer
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 United States
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire
de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National Recherche Scientifique,
Commissariat Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives, Institut National
Recherche l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Artur Osyczka
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Chestnut MM, Milikisiyants S, Chatterjee R, Kern J, Smirnov AI. Electronic Structure of the Primary Electron Donor P700+• in Photosystem I Studied by Multifrequency HYSCORE Spectroscopy at X- and Q-Band. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:36-48. [PMID: 33356277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The primary electron donor P700 of the photosystem I (PSI) is a heterodimer consisting of two chlorophyll molecules. A series of electron-transfer events immediately following the initial light excitation leads to a stabilization of the positive charge by its cation radical form, P700+•. The electronic structure of P700+• and, in particular, its asymmetry with respect to the two chlorophyll monomers is of fundamental interest and is not fully understood up to this date. Here, we apply multifrequency X- (9 GHz) and Q-band (35 GHz) hyperfine sublevel correlation (HYSCORE) spectroscopy to investigate the electron spin density distribution in the cation radical P700+• of PSI from a thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus. Six 14N and two 1H distinct nuclei have been resolved in the HYSCORE spectra and parameters of the corresponding nuclear hyperfine and quadrupolar hyperfine interactions were obtained by combining the analysis of HYSCORE spectral features with direct numerical simulations. Based on a close similarity of the nuclear quadrupole tensor parameters, all of the resolved 14N nuclei were assigned to six out of total eight available pyrrole ring nitrogen atoms (i.e., four in each of the chlorophylls), providing direct evidence of spin density delocalization over the both monomers in the heterodimer. Using the obtained experimental values of the 14N electron-nuclear hyperfine interaction parameters, the upper limit of the electron spin density asymmetry parameter is estimated as RA/Bupper = 7.7 ± 0.5, while a tentative assignment of 14N observed in the HYSCORE spectra yields RB/A = 3.1 ± 0.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie M Chestnut
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Sergey Milikisiyants
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Ruchira Chatterjee
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jan Kern
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Alex I Smirnov
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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15
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Wu HL, Li XB, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Bioinspired metal complexes for energy-related photocatalytic small molecule transformation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:15496-15512. [PMID: 33300513 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05870j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioinspired transformation of small-molecules to energy-related feedstocks is an attractive research area to overcome both the environmental issues and the depletion of fossil fuels. The highly effective metalloenzymes in nature provide blueprints for the utilization of bioinspired metal complexes for artificial photosynthesis. Through simpler structural and functional mimics, the representative herein is the pivotal development of several critical small molecule conversions catalyzed by metal complexes, e.g., water oxidation, proton and CO2 reduction and organic chemical transformation of small molecules. Of great achievement is the establishment of bioinspired metal complexes as catalysts with high stability, specific selectivity and satisfactory efficiency to drive the multiple-electron and multiple-proton processes related to small molecule transformation. Also, potential opportunities and challenges for future development in these appealing areas are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
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16
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Caspy I, Borovikova-Sheinker A, Klaiman D, Shkolnisky Y, Nelson N. The structure of a triple complex of plant photosystem I with ferredoxin and plastocyanin. NATURE PLANTS 2020. [PMID: 33020607 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-00779-779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability of photosynthetic organisms to use sunlight as a sole source of energy is endowed by two large membrane complexes-photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII). PSI and PSII are the fundamental components of oxygenic photosynthesis, providing oxygen, food and an energy source for most living organisms on Earth. Currently, high-resolution crystal structures of these complexes from various organisms are available. The crystal structures of megadalton complexes have revealed excitation transfer and electron-transport pathways within the various complexes. PSI is defined as plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase but a high-resolution structure of the entire triple supercomplex is not available. Here, using a new cryo-electron microscopy technique, we solve the structure of native plant PSI in complex with its electron donor plastocyanin and the electron acceptor ferredoxin. We reveal all of the contact sites and the modes of interaction between the interacting electron carriers and PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Caspy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Borovikova-Sheinker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Klaiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoel Shkolnisky
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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17
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Caspy I, Borovikova-Sheinker A, Klaiman D, Shkolnisky Y, Nelson N. The structure of a triple complex of plant photosystem I with ferredoxin and plastocyanin. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:1300-1305. [PMID: 33020607 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-00779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability of photosynthetic organisms to use sunlight as a sole source of energy is endowed by two large membrane complexes-photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII). PSI and PSII are the fundamental components of oxygenic photosynthesis, providing oxygen, food and an energy source for most living organisms on Earth. Currently, high-resolution crystal structures of these complexes from various organisms are available. The crystal structures of megadalton complexes have revealed excitation transfer and electron-transport pathways within the various complexes. PSI is defined as plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase but a high-resolution structure of the entire triple supercomplex is not available. Here, using a new cryo-electron microscopy technique, we solve the structure of native plant PSI in complex with its electron donor plastocyanin and the electron acceptor ferredoxin. We reveal all of the contact sites and the modes of interaction between the interacting electron carriers and PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Caspy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Borovikova-Sheinker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Klaiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoel Shkolnisky
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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18
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Kandori H. Structure/Function Study of Photoreceptive Proteins by FTIR Spectroscopy. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Kandori
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry & OptoBioTechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
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19
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Yu H, Cui H, Chen J, Li X. Regulation of Aegilops tauschii Coss Tiller Bud Growth by Plant Density: Transcriptomic, Physiological and Phytohormonal Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1166. [PMID: 32849721 PMCID: PMC7403227 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Aegilops tauschii Coss is one of the most hazardous weeds that severely infests wheat fields in China. The tillering ability of Ae. tauschii strongly affects the occurrence and spread by influencing its seed output. In this study, Ae. tauschii was sown at low plant density (LPD) and high plant density (HPD) to investigate the effect of plant density on tiller bud outgrowth and its potential regulators using RNA-Seq. Additionally, the chlorophyll content and photosynthesis, soluble sugar and phytohormone levels were also determined at different plant densities. The results showed that an increased plant density significantly inhibited the elongation of tiller buds in the axil of the first leaf at 15 days after planting, with 7.69 mm at LPD and 1.69 mm at HPD. A total of seven putative tiller-related genes were selected and validated using quantitative real-time PCR. Furthermore, chlorophyll levels, photosynthetic efficiency, and soluble sugar contents were distinctly inhibited by HPD in Ae. tauschii, which may be responsible for the restriction of tiller bud growth. In addition, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were markedly enriched in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellin metabolism and signaling. Accordingly, the levels of ABA and gibberellin A3 in Ae. tauschii were strikingly higher at HPD compared with those at LPD, yet the reverse tendency was observed for IAA. Undoubtedly, such results will be highly beneficial for illuminating the underlying regulators of the Ae. tauschii tillering response to plant density and may provide new ideas for the control of this weed in the future.
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20
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Yu D, Lan J, Khan NU, Li Q, Xu F, Huang G, Xu H, Huang F. The in vitro synergistic denaturation effect of heat and surfactant on photosystem I isolated from Arthrospira Platensis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 141:229-243. [PMID: 30725234 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) generates the most negative redox potential found in nature, and the performance of solar energy conversion into alternative energy sources in artificial systems highly depends on the thermal stability of PSI. Thus, understanding thermal denaturation is an important prerequisite for the use of PSI at elevated temperatures. To assess the thermal stability of surfactant-solubilized PSI from cyanobacteria Arthrospira Platensis, the synergistic denaturation effect of heat and surfactant was studied. At room temperature, surfactant n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside solubilized PSI trimer gradually disassembles into PSI monomers and free pigments over long time. In the solubilizing process of PSI particles, surfactant can uncouple pigments of PSI, and the high concentration of surfactant causes the pigment to uncouple more; after the surfactant-solubilizing process, the uncoupling is relatively slow. During the heating process, changes were monitored by transmittance T800nm, ellipticity θ686nm and θ222nm, upon slow heating (1.5 °C per minute) of samples in Tris buffer (20 mM, pH 7.8) from 20 to 95 °C. The thermal denaturation of surfactant-solubilized PSI is a much more complicated process, which includes the uncoupling of pigments by surfactants, the disappearance of surrounding surfactants, and the unfolding of PSI α-helices. During the heating process, the uncoupling chlorophyll a (Chla) and converted pheophytin (Pheo) can form excitons of Chla-Pheo. The secondary structure α-helix of PSI proteins is stable up to 87-92 °C in the low-concentration surfactant solubilized PSI, and high-concentration surfactant and pigments uncoupling can accelerate the α-helical unfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China.
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China.
| | - Jinxiao Lan
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Naseer Ullah Khan
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Quan Li
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Fengxi Xu
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Guihong Huang
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Hai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China.
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China.
| | - Fang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China.
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, Shandong, China.
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21
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Fufina TY, Leonova MM, Khatypov RA, Khristin AM, Shuvalov VA, Vasilieva LG. Features of Bacteriochlorophylls Axial Ligation in the Photosynthetic Reaction Center of Purple Bacteria. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:370-379. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Antoshvili M, Caspy I, Hippler M, Nelson N. Structure and function of photosystem I in Cyanidioschyzon merolae. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 139:499-508. [PMID: 29582227 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of photosynthesis from primitive photosynthetic bacteria to higher plants has been driven by the need to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions. The red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae is a primitive organism, which is capable of performing photosynthesis in extreme acidic and hot environments. The study of its photosynthetic machinery may provide new insight on the evolutionary path of photosynthesis and on light harvesting and its regulation in eukaryotes. With that aim, the structural and functional properties of the PSI complex were investigated by biochemical characterization, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. PSI was purified from cells grown at 25 and 42 °C, crystallized and its crystal structure was solved at 4 Å resolution. The structure of C. merolae reveals a core complex with a crescent-shaped structure, formed by antenna proteins. In addition, the structural model shows the position of PsaO and PsaM. PsaG and PsaH are present in plant complex and are missing from the C. merolae model as expected. This paper sheds new light onto the evolution of photosynthesis, which gives a strong indication for the chimerical properties of red algae PSI. The subunit composition of the PSI core from C. merolae and its associated light-harvesting antennae suggests that it is an evolutionary and functional intermediate between cyanobacteria and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Antoshvili
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ido Caspy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Hippler
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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23
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Koochak H, Puthiyaveetil S, Mullendore DL, Li M, Kirchhoff H. The structural and functional domains of plant thylakoid membranes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:412-429. [PMID: 30312499 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the stacking of part of the photosynthetic thylakoid membrane generates two main subcompartments: the stacked grana core and unstacked stroma lamellae. However, a third distinct domain, the grana margin, has been postulated but its structural and functional identity remains elusive. Here, an optimized thylakoid fragmentation procedure combined with detailed ultrastructural, biochemical, and functional analyses reveals the distinct composition of grana margins. It is enriched with lipids, cytochrome b6 f complex, and ATPase while depleted in photosystems and light-harvesting complexes. A quantitative method is introduced that is based on Blue Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (BN-PAGE) and dot immunoblotting for quantifying various photosystem II (PSII) assembly forms in different thylakoid subcompartments. The results indicate that the grana margin functions as a degradation and disassembly zone for photodamaged PSII. In contrast, the stacked grana core region contains fully assembled and functional PSII holocomplexes. The stroma lamellae, finally, contain monomeric PSII as well as a significant fraction of dimeric holocomplexes that identify this membrane area as the PSII repair zone. This structural organization and the heterogeneous PSII distribution support the idea that the stacking of thylakoid membranes leads to a division of labor that establishes distinct membrane areas with specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniyeh Koochak
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, PO Box 646340, Pullman, WA, 99164-6340, USA
| | - Sujith Puthiyaveetil
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, PO Box 646340, Pullman, WA, 99164-6340, USA
| | - Daniel L Mullendore
- Franceschi Microscopy and Imaging Center, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Meng Li
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, PO Box 646340, Pullman, WA, 99164-6340, USA
| | - Helmut Kirchhoff
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, PO Box 646340, Pullman, WA, 99164-6340, USA
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24
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Netzer-El SY, Caspy I, Nelson N. Crystal Structure of Photosystem I Monomer From Synechocystis PCC 6803. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1865. [PMID: 30662446 PMCID: PMC6328476 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A single histidine addition to the C-terminus of PsaL of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was previously reported by our lab to shift the trimer-to-monomer ratio of PSI in favor of the monomeric form. P700 re-reduction and NADP+ photo-reduction measurements of the PsaLHIS strain show no effect on PSI activity in comparison to the WT trimeric PSI. Crystal structure of the PsaLHIS monomeric PSI reveals several alterations that occurred in the trimerisation site of PSI, primarily a deformation of the C-terminus of PsaL and loss of chlorophyll a and β-carotene molecules.
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25
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Li L, Yang H, Liu P, Ren W, Wu X, Huang F. Combined impact of heat stress and phosphate deficiency on growth and photochemical activity of sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 231:271-276. [PMID: 30336401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Global climate warming has a crucial impact on many terrestrial ecosystems, including temperate steppe. In addition, phosphate deficiency is known to be the common deficiency in soils worldwide due to the low availability of the phosphate nutrient in the form of inorganic phosphate anions (Pi). Consequently, in the future, land plants are likely to simultaneously encounter heat stress and phosphate deficiency more frequently. Sheepgrass 〔Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel〕is a dominant perennial forage plant highly significant to grass productivity of Eurasian temperate grasslands. Though effects of environmental stress including drought and Pi starvation have been studied, the combined eff ;ects of phosphate deficiency and heat stress on plant physiology remain largely unclear. Here, we investigated the combined eff ;ects of heat stress and phosphate deficiency on above-ground tissue growth and photochemical properties of L. chinensis using in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence spectroscopy. We observed remarkable phenotypic alterations of reduced shoot growth and considerable leaf chlorosis in L. chinensis seedlings under the combined stress condition. Also, we compared changes in photochemical activity between the control and the corresponding stressed seedlings. Based on chlorophyll fluorescence analysis, impairment of PSI was more severe than that of PSII in the seedlings treated with the combined stress. Compared to the control, PSI and PSII activity decreased up to 35.5% and 30%, respectively, under the combined-stress condition. Moreover, our data show that the decreased photosynthetic activity is not the sum of the single-stressed conditions. These results combined with the distinction of other photochemical parameters indicate that a complex interaction between Pi-deficiency and heat stress may exist in the forage plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haomeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weibo Ren
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Xinhong Wu
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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26
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Iwai M, Roth MS, Niyogi KK. Subdiffraction-resolution live-cell imaging for visualizing thylakoid membranes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:233-243. [PMID: 29982996 PMCID: PMC6150804 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The chloroplast is the chlorophyll-containing organelle that produces energy through photosynthesis. Within the chloroplast is an intricate network of thylakoid membranes containing photosynthetic membrane proteins that mediate electron transport and generate chemical energy. Historically, electron microscopy (EM) has been a powerful tool for visualizing the macromolecular structure and organization of thylakoid membranes. However, an understanding of thylakoid membrane dynamics remains elusive because EM requires fixation and sectioning. To improve our knowledge of thylakoid membrane dynamics we need to consider at least two issues: (i) the live-cell imaging conditions needed to visualize active processes in vivo; and (ii) the spatial resolution required to differentiate the characteristics of thylakoid membranes. Here, we utilize three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3D-SIM) to explore the optimal imaging conditions for investigating the dynamics of thylakoid membranes in living plant and algal cells. We show that 3D-SIM is capable of examining broad characteristics of thylakoid structures in chloroplasts of the vascular plant Arabidopsis thaliana and distinguishing the structural differences between wild-type and mutant strains. Using 3D-SIM, we also visualize thylakoid organization in whole cells of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. These data reveal that high light intensity changes thylakoid membrane structure in C. reinhardtii. Moreover, we observed the green alga Chromochloris zofingiensis and the moss Physcomitrella patens to show the applicability of 3D-SIM. This study demonstrates that 3D-SIM is a promising approach for studying the dynamics of thylakoid membranes in photoautotrophic organisms during photoacclimation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Iwai
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA
- Contact Author: Masakazu Iwai
| | - Melissa S. Roth
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA
| | - Krishna K. Niyogi
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA
- For correspondence ( or )
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The evolution of the photoprotective antenna proteins in oxygenic photosynthetic eukaryotes. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1263-1277. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20170304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic organisms require rapid and reversible down-regulation of light harvesting to avoid photodamage. Response to unpredictable light fluctuations is achieved by inducing energy-dependent quenching, qE, which is the major component of the process known as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence. qE is controlled by the operation of the xanthophyll cycle and accumulation of specific types of proteins, upon thylakoid lumen acidification. The protein cofactors so far identified to modulate qE in photosynthetic eukaryotes are the photosystem II subunit S (PsbS) and light-harvesting complex stress-related (LHCSR/LHCX) proteins. A transition from LHCSR- to PsbS-dependent qE took place during the evolution of the Viridiplantae (also known as ‘green lineage’ organisms), such as green algae, mosses and vascular plants. Multiple studies showed that LHCSR and PsbS proteins have distinct functions in the mechanism of qE. LHCX(-like) proteins are closely related to LHCSR proteins and found in ‘red lineage’ organisms that contain secondary red plastids, such as diatoms. Although LHCX proteins appear to control qE in diatoms, their role in the mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we present the current knowledge on the functions and evolution of these crucial proteins, which evolved in photosynthetic eukaryotes to optimise light harvesting.
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Kanojia A, Dijkwel PP. Abiotic Stress Responses are Governed by Reactive Oxygen Species and Age. ANNUAL PLANT REVIEWS ONLINE 2018:295-326. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1002/9781119312994.apr0611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Structure of the plant photosystem I. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:285-294. [PMID: 29487228 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plant photosystem I (PSI) is one of the most intricate membrane complexes in nature. It comprises two complexes, a reaction center and light-harvesting complex (LHC), which together form the PSI-LHC supercomplex. The crystal structure of plant PSI was solved with two distinct crystal forms. The first, crystallized at pH 6.5, exhibited P21 symmetry; the second, crystallized at pH 8.5, exhibited P212121 symmetry. The surfaces involved in binding plastocyanin and ferredoxin are identical in both forms. The crystal structure at 2.6 Å resolution revealed 16 subunits, 45 transmembrane helices, and 232 prosthetic groups, including 143 chlorophyll a, 13 chlorophyll b, 27 β-carotene, 7 lutein, 2 xanthophyll, 1 zeaxanthin, 20 monogalactosyl diglyceride, 7 phosphatidyl diglyceride, 5 digalactosyl diglyceride, 2 calcium ions, 2 phylloquinone, and 3 iron sulfur clusters. The model reveals detailed interactions, providing mechanisms for excitation energy transfer and its modulation in one of nature's most efficient photochemical machine.
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Malavath T, Caspy I, Netzer-El SY, Klaiman D, Nelson N. Structure and function of wild-type and subunit-depleted photosystem I in Synechocystis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:645-654. [PMID: 29414678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The ability of photosynthetic organisms to use the sun's light as a sole source of energy sustains life on our planet. Photosystems I (PSI) and II (PSII) are large, multi-subunit, pigment-protein complexes that enable photosynthesis, but this intriguing process remains to be explained fully. Currently, crystal structures of these complexes are available for thermophilic prokaryotic cyanobacteria. The mega-Dalton trimeric PSI complex from thermophilic cyanobacterium, Thermosynechococcus elongatus, was solved at 2.5 Å resolution with X-ray crystallography. That structure revealed the positions of 12 protein subunits (PsaA-F, PsaI-M, and PsaX) and 127 cofactors. Although mesophilic organisms perform most of the world's photosynthesis, no well-resolved trimeric structure of a mesophilic organism exists. Our research model for a mesophilic cyanobacterium was Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. This study aimed to obtain well-resolved crystal structures of [1] a monomeric PSI with all subunits, [2] a trimeric PSI with a reduced number of subunits, and [3] the full, trimeric wild-type PSI complex. We only partially succeeded with the first two structures, but we successfully produced the trimeric PSI structure at 2.5 Å resolution. This structure was comparable to that of the thermophilic species, but we provided more detail. The PSI trimeric supercomplex consisted of 33 protein subunits, 72 carotenoids, 285 chlorophyll a molecules, 51 lipids, 9 iron-sulfur clusters, 6 plastoquinones, 6 putative calcium ions, and over 870 water molecules. This study showed that the structure of the PSI in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 differed from previously described PSI structures. These findings have broadened our understanding of PSI structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirupathi Malavath
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ido Caspy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Sigal Y Netzer-El
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Daniel Klaiman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Gao J, Wang H, Yuan Q, Feng Y. Structure and Function of the Photosystem Supercomplexes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:357. [PMID: 29616068 PMCID: PMC5869908 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis converts solar energy into chemical energy to sustain all life on earth by providing oxygen and food, and controlling the atmospheric carbon dioxide. During this process, the water-splitting and oxygen-evolving reaction is catalyzed by photosystem II (PSII), while photosystem I (PSI) generates the reducing power for the reduction of NADP+ to NADPH. Together with their peripheral light-harvesting complexes (LHCs), photosystems function as multisubunit supercomplexes located in the thylakoid membranes of cyanobacteria, algae, and plants. Recent advances in single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM), X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) and other techniques have revealed unprecedented structural and catalytic details concerning the two supercomplexes. Several high-resolution structures of the complexes from plants were solved, and serial time-resolved crystallography and "radiation-damage-free" femtosecond XFEL also provided important insights into the mechanism of water oxidation. Here, we review these exciting advances in the studies of the photosystem supercomplexes with an emphasis on PSII-LHCII, propose presently unresolved problems in this field, and suggest potential tendencies for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Feng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Feng, ;
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Gao X, Sun T, Wu L, Chen L, Zhang W. Co-overexpression of response regulator genes slr1037 and sll0039 improves tolerance of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to 1-butanol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:1476-1483. [PMID: 28533065 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two response regulator (RR) encoding genes slr1037 as well as sll0039 were co-overexpressed in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by metabolic engineering and the 1-butanol tolerance was successfully improved by 133%. Aiming to explore the possible mechanisms for the enhancing 1-butanol tolerance, a quantitative iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS proteomics approach was then employed, identifying 216 up-regulated and 99 down-regulated proteins compared to wild type after 1-butanol treatment. This study mapped the potential target genes regulated by Slr1037 and Sll0039 and demonstrated the feasibility of engineering response regulators for modifying the biofuel tolerance in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Gao
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Tao Sun
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lina Wu
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China; Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, PR China; Center for Biosafety Research and Strategy, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
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Ivanov AG, Velitchkova MY, Allakhverdiev SI, Huner NPA. Heat stress-induced effects of photosystem I: an overview of structural and functional responses. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 133:17-30. [PMID: 28391379 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0383-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the main factors controlling the formation, development, and functional performance of the photosynthetic apparatus in all photoautotrophs (green plants, algae, and cyanobacteria) on Earth. The projected climate change scenarios predict increases in air temperature across Earth's biomes ranging from moderate (3-4 °C) to extreme (6-8 °C) by the year 2100 (IPCC in Climate change 2007: The physical science basis: summery for policymakers, IPCC WG1 Fourth Assessment Report 2007; Climate change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change, IPCC WG3 Fifth Assessment Report 2014). In some areas, especially of the Northern hemisphere, even more extreme warm seasonal temperatures may occur, which possibly will cause significant negative effects on the development, growth, and yield of important agricultural crops. It is well documented that high temperatures can cause direct damages of the photosynthetic apparatus and photosystem II (PSII) is generally considered to be the primary target of heat-induced inactivation of photosynthesis. However, since photosystem I (PSI) is considered to determine the global amount of enthalpy in living systems (Nelson in Biochim Biophys Acta 1807:856-863, 2011; Photosynth Res 116:145-151, 2013), the effects of elevated temperatures on PSI might be of vital importance for regulating the photosynthetic response of all photoautotrophs in the changing environment. In this review, we summarize the experimental data that demonstrate the critical impact of heat-induced alterations on the structure, composition, and functional performance of PSI and their significant implications on photosynthesis under future climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Ivanov
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N., London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Bl. 21, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Maya Y Velitchkova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Bl. 21, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 35, Moscow, 127276, Russia
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow, 142290, Russia
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Matbuat Avenue 2a, 1073, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Norman P A Huner
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street N., London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
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Bayro-Kaiser V, Nelson N. Microalgal hydrogen production: prospects of an essential technology for a clean and sustainable energy economy. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 133:49-62. [PMID: 28239761 PMCID: PMC5500669 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Modern energy production is required to undergo a dramatic transformation. It will have to replace fossil fuel use by a sustainable and clean energy economy while meeting the growing world energy needs. This review analyzes the current energy sector, available energy sources, and energy conversion technologies. Solar energy is the only energy source with the potential to fully replace fossil fuels, and hydrogen is a crucial energy carrier for ensuring energy availability across the globe. The importance of photosynthetic hydrogen production for a solar-powered hydrogen economy is highlighted and the development and potential of this technology are discussed. Much successful research for improved photosynthetic hydrogen production under laboratory conditions has been reported, and attempts are underway to develop upscale systems. We suggest that a process of integrating these achievements into one system to strive for efficient sustainable energy conversion is already justified. Pursuing this goal may lead to a mature technology for industrial deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinzenz Bayro-Kaiser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
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35
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El-Khouly ME, El-Mohsnawy E, Fukuzumi S. Solar energy conversion: From natural to artificial photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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36
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Diel oscillation in the optical activity of carotenoids in the absorption spectrum of Nannochloropsis. J Mol Model 2017; 23:95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Saha A, Mohapatra S, Das G, Jana B, Ghosh S, Bhunia D, Ghosh S. Cancer Cell Specific Delivery of Photosystem I Through Integrin Targeted Liposome Shows Significant Anticancer Activity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:176-188. [PMID: 27996239 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Many anticancer drugs are developed for the treatment of cancer from natural sources. Photosystem I (PSI), a protein complex present in the chloroplast, is involved in photosynthesis and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant. Here, we used the ROS generation property of PSI for cancer therapy. We show that PSI can enter into different kinds of cancer cell like human lung carcinoma (A549) and mouse melanoma (B16F10) cell lines and generate ROS inside the cells. It inhibits the proliferation of cancer cell and causes apoptotic death of cancer cells. We also show that PSI induces apoptosis through mitochondria-dependent internal pathway, induces caspase3, causes DNA fragmentation, and arrests cell cycle at SubG0 phase. We also prepared, using C16-LDV lipopeptide [C16 long chain attached on the N-terminal of the tripeptide containing amino acids leucine (L), aspartic acid (D), and valine (V) abbreviated as NH2-LDV-COOH], α4β1 integrin targeted liposomal formulation of PSI, which specifically kills the cancer cell without affecting normal cells, and it is found to be more potent compared to clinically used drug doxorubicin. Finally, we found that LDV liposomal formulation of PSI inhibits the growth of tumor in C57BL/6J mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Saha
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division and ‡Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Saswat Mohapatra
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division and ‡Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Gaurav Das
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division and ‡Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Batakrishna Jana
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division and ‡Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhajit Ghosh
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division and ‡Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Debmalya Bhunia
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division and ‡Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Surajit Ghosh
- Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Division and ‡Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology , 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
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Bayro-Kaiser V, Nelson N. Temperature-sensitive PSII: a novel approach for sustained photosynthetic hydrogen production. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2016; 130:113-121. [PMID: 26951152 PMCID: PMC5054056 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The need for energy and the associated burden are ever growing. It is crucial to develop new technologies for generating clean and efficient energy for society to avoid upcoming energetic and environmental crises. Sunlight is the most abundant source of energy on the planet. Consequently, it has captured our interest. Certain microalgae possess the ability to capture solar energy and transfer it to the energy carrier, H2. H2 is a valuable fuel, because its combustion produces only one by-product: water. However, the establishment of an efficient biophotolytic H2 production system is hindered by three main obstacles: (1) the hydrogen-evolving enzyme, [FeFe]-hydrogenase, is highly sensitive to oxygen; (2) energy conversion efficiencies are not economically viable; and (3) hydrogen-producing organisms are sensitive to stressful conditions in large-scale production systems. This study aimed to circumvent the oxygen sensitivity of this process with a cyclic hydrogen production system. This approach required a mutant that responded to high temperatures by reducing oxygen evolution. To that end, we randomly mutagenized the green microalgae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, to generate mutants that exhibited temperature-sensitive photoautotrophic growth. The selected mutants were further characterized by their ability to evolve oxygen and hydrogen at 25 and 37 °C. We identified four candidate mutants for this project. We characterized these mutants with PSII fluorescence, P700 absorbance, and immunoblotting analyses. Finally, we demonstrated that these mutants could function in a prototype hydrogen-producing bioreactor. These mutant microalgae represent a novel approach for sustained hydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinzenz Bayro-Kaiser
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Heinz S, Liauw P, Nickelsen J, Nowaczyk M. Analysis of photosystem II biogenesis in cyanobacteria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1857:274-87. [PMID: 26592144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII), a large multisubunit membrane protein complex found in the thylakoid membranes of cyanobacteria, algae and plants, catalyzes light-driven oxygen evolution from water and reduction of plastoquinone. Biogenesis of PSII requires coordinated assembly of at least 20 protein subunits, as well as incorporation of various organic and inorganic cofactors. The stepwise assembly process is facilitated by numerous protein factors that have been identified in recent years. Further analysis of this process requires the development or refinement of specific methods for the identification of novel assembly factors and, in particular, elucidation of the unique role of each. Here we summarize current knowledge of PSII biogenesis in cyanobacteria, focusing primarily on the impact of methodological advances and innovations. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Organization and dynamics of bioenergetic systems in bacteria, edited by Conrad Mullineaux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Heinz
- Molekulare Pflanzenwissenschaften, Biozentrum LMU München, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Pasqual Liauw
- Biochemie der Pflanzen, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg Nickelsen
- Molekulare Pflanzenwissenschaften, Biozentrum LMU München, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Marc Nowaczyk
- Biochemie der Pflanzen, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
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Roitman S, Flores-Uribe J, Philosof A, Knowles B, Rohwer F, Ignacio-Espinoza JC, Sullivan MB, Cornejo-Castillo FM, Sánchez P, Acinas SG, Dupont CL, Béjà O. Closing the gaps on the viral photosystem-I psaDCAB gene organization. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:5100-8. [PMID: 26310718 PMCID: PMC5019241 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Marine photosynthesis is largely driven by cyanobacteria, namely Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus. Genes encoding for photosystem (PS) I and II reaction centre proteins are found in cyanophages and are believed to increase their fitness. Two viral PSI gene arrangements are known, psaJF→C→A→B→K→E→D and psaD→C→A→B. The shared genes between these gene cassettes and their encoded proteins are distinguished by %G + C and protein sequence respectively. The data on the psaD→C→A→B gene organization were reported from only two partial gene cassettes coming from Global Ocean Sampling stations in the Pacific and Indian oceans. Now we have extended our search to 370 marine stations from six metagenomic projects. Genes corresponding to both PSI gene arrangements were detected in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans, confined to a strip along the equator (30°N and 30°S). In addition, we found that the predicted structure of the viral PsaA protein from the psaD→C→A→B organization contains a lumenal loop conserved in PsaA proteins from Synechococcus, but is completely absent in viral PsaA proteins from the psaJF→C→A→B→K→E→D gene organization and most Prochlorococcus strains. This may indicate a co-evolutionary scenario where cyanophages containing either of these gene organizations infect cyanobacterial ecotypes biogeographically restricted to the 30°N and 30°S equatorial strip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Roitman
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - José Flores-Uribe
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Alon Philosof
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ben Knowles
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Forest Rohwer
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Matthew B Sullivan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Pablo Sánchez
- Departament of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia G Acinas
- Departament of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chris L Dupont
- Microbial and Environmental Genomics Group, J Craig Venter Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Oded Béjà
- Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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41
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Fukuzumi S. Artificial photosynthesis for production of hydrogen peroxide and its fuel cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1857:604-611. [PMID: 26365231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The reducing power released from photosystem I (PSI) via ferredoxin enables the reduction of NADP(+) to NADPH, which is essential in the Calvin-Benson cycle to make sugars in photosynthesis. Alternatively, PSI can reduce O2 to produce hydrogen peroxide as a fuel. This article describes the artificial version of the photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide from water and O2 using solar energy. Hydrogen peroxide is used as a fuel in hydrogen peroxide fuel cells to make electricity. The combination of the photocatalytic H2O2 production from water and O2 using solar energy with one-compartment H2O2 fuel cells provides on-site production and usage of H2O2 as a more useful and promising solar fuel than hydrogen. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Biodesign for Bioenergetics--The design and engineering of electronc transfer cofactors, proteins and protein networks, edited by Ronald L. Koder and J.L. Ross Anderson.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, ALCA and SENTAN, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea; Faculty of Science and Technology, Meijo University and ALCA and SENTAN, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tempaku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8502, Japan.
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42
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Giovagnetti V, Ware MA, Ruban AV. Assessment of the impact of photosystem I chlorophyll fluorescence on the pulse-amplitude modulated quenching analysis in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 125:179-89. [PMID: 25613087 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In their natural environment, plants are exposed to varying light conditions, which can lead to a build-up of excitation energy in photosystem (PS) II. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is the primary defence mechanism employed to dissipate this excess energy. Recently, we developed a fluorescence-quenching analysis procedure that enables the protective effectiveness of NPQ in intact Arabidopsis leaves to be determined. However, pulse-amplitude modulation measurements do not currently allow distinguishing between PSII and PSI fluorescence levels. Failure to account for PSI contribution is suggested to lead to inaccurate measurements of NPQ and, particularly, maximum PSII yield (F v/F m). Recently, Pfündel et al. (Photosynth Res 114:189-206, 2013) proposed a method that takes into account PSI contribution in the measurements of F o fluorescence level. However, when PSI contribution was assumed to be constant throughout the induction of NPQ, we observed lower values of the measured minimum fluorescence level ([Formula: see text]) than those calculated according to the formula of Oxborough and Baker (Photosynth Res 54:135-142 1997) ([Formula: see text]), regardless of the light intensity. Therefore, in this work, we propose a refined model to correct for the presence of PSI fluorescence, which takes into account the previously observed NPQ in PSI. This method efficiently resolves the discrepancies between measured and calculated F o' produced by assuming a constant PSI fluorescence contribution, whilst allowing for the correction of the maximum PSII yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Giovagnetti
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
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43
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Mazor Y, Borovikova A, Nelson N. The structure of plant photosystem I super-complex at 2.8 Å resolution. eLife 2015; 4:e07433. [PMID: 26076232 PMCID: PMC4487076 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Most life forms on Earth are supported by solar energy harnessed by oxygenic photosynthesis. In eukaryotes, photosynthesis is achieved by large membrane-embedded super-complexes, containing reaction centers and connected antennae. Here, we report the structure of the higher plant PSI-LHCI super-complex determined at 2.8 Å resolution. The structure includes 16 subunits and more than 200 prosthetic groups, which are mostly light harvesting pigments. The complete structures of the four LhcA subunits of LHCI include 52 chlorophyll a and 9 chlorophyll b molecules, as well as 10 carotenoids and 4 lipids. The structure of PSI-LHCI includes detailed protein pigments and pigment-pigment interactions, essential for the mechanism of excitation energy transfer and its modulation in one of nature's most efficient photochemical machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Mazor
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Borovikova
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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44
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Fukuzumi S. Artificial photosynthetic systems for production of hydrogen. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2015; 25:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis is the principal converter of sunlight into chemical energy on Earth. Cyanobacteria and plants provide the oxygen, food, fuel, fibers, and platform chemicals for life on Earth. The conversion of solar energy into chemical energy is catalyzed by two multisubunit membrane protein complexes, photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII). Light is absorbed by the pigment cofactors, and excitation energy is transferred among the antennae pigments and converted into chemical energy at very high efficiency. Oxygenic photosynthesis has existed for more than three billion years, during which its molecular machinery was perfected to minimize wasteful reactions. Light excitation transfer and singlet trapping won over fluorescence, radiation-less decay, and triplet formation. Photosynthetic reaction centers operate in organisms ranging from bacteria to higher plants. They are all evolutionarily linked. The crystal structure determination of photosynthetic protein complexes sheds light on the various partial reactions and explains how they are protected against wasteful pathways and why their function is robust. This review discusses the efficiency of photosynthetic solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
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46
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Plohnke N, Seidel T, Kahmann U, Rögner M, Schneider D, Rexroth S. The proteome and lipidome of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells grown under light-activated heterotrophic conditions. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:572-84. [PMID: 25561504 PMCID: PMC4349978 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.042382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are photoautotrophic prokaryotes with a plant-like photosynthetic machinery. Because of their short generation times, the ease of their genetic manipulation, and the limited size of their genome and proteome, cyanobacteria are popular model organisms for photosynthetic research. Although the principal mechanisms of photosynthesis are well-known, much less is known about the biogenesis of the thylakoid membrane, hosting the components of the photosynthetic, and respiratory electron transport chain in cyanobacteria. Here we present a detailed proteome analysis of the important model and host organism Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under light-activated heterotrophic growth conditions. Because of the mechanistic importance and severe changes in thylakoid membrane morphology under light-activated heterotrophic growth conditions, a focus was put on the analysis of the membrane proteome, which was supported by a targeted lipidome analysis. In total, 1528 proteins (24.5% membrane integral) were identified in our analysis. For 641 of these proteins quantitative information was obtained by spectral counting. Prominent changes were observed for proteins associated with oxidative stress response and protein folding. Because of the heterotrophic growth conditions, also proteins involved in carbon metabolism and C/N-balance were severely affected. Although intracellular thylakoid membranes were significantly reduced, only minor changes were observed in their protein composition. The increased proportion of the membrane-stabilizing sulfoqinovosyl diacyl lipids found in the lipidome analysis, as well as the increased content of lipids with more saturated acyl chains, are clear indications for a coordinated synthesis of proteins and lipids, resulting in stabilization of intracellular thylakoid membranes under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Plohnke
- From the ‡Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Tobias Seidel
- §Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Uwe Kahmann
- ¶Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Matthias Rögner
- From the ‡Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Schneider
- §Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Sascha Rexroth
- From the ‡Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology & Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany;
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47
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Caffarri S, Tibiletti T, Jennings RC, Santabarbara S. A comparison between plant photosystem I and photosystem II architecture and functioning. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2015; 15:296-331. [PMID: 24678674 PMCID: PMC4030627 DOI: 10.2174/1389203715666140327102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis is indispensable both for the development and maintenance of life on earth by converting
light energy into chemical energy and by producing molecular oxygen and consuming carbon dioxide. This latter
process has been responsible for reducing the CO2 from its very high levels in the primitive atmosphere to the present low
levels and thus reducing global temperatures to levels conducive to the development of life. Photosystem I and photosystem
II are the two multi-protein complexes that contain the pigments necessary to harvest photons and use light energy to
catalyse the primary photosynthetic endergonic reactions producing high energy compounds. Both photosystems are
highly organised membrane supercomplexes composed of a core complex, containing the reaction centre where electron
transport is initiated, and of a peripheral antenna system, which is important for light harvesting and photosynthetic activity
regulation. If on the one hand both the chemical reactions catalysed by the two photosystems and their detailed structure
are different, on the other hand they share many similarities. In this review we discuss and compare various aspects of
the organisation, functioning and regulation of plant photosystems by comparing them for similarities and differences as
obtained by structural, biochemical and spectroscopic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefano Santabarbara
- Laboratoire de Génétique et de Biophysique des Plantes (LGBP), Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009, Marseille, France.
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48
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Volotsenko I, Molotskii M, Borovikova A, Nelson N, Rosenwaks Y. Evidence for deep acceptor centers in plant photosystem I crystals. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:1374-9. [PMID: 25541816 DOI: 10.1021/jp5112422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dry micrometer-thick crystalline photosystem I (PSI) has been shown to generate unprecedented large photovoltage under illumination. We use variable-temperature Kelvin probe force microscopy to show that deep acceptor centers are responsible for this anomalous photovoltage. We assumed that these centers are located close to the positively charged F(B)(2+) clusters, forming a coupled center that effectively captures the photoexcited electron into a deep state. We extract the main inherent parameters of the deep centers, which are extremely important in the potential use of photosynthetic proteins in various optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Volotsenko
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Engineering, and ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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49
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Chandler DE, Strümpfer J, Sener M, Scheuring S, Schulten K. Light harvesting by lamellar chromatophores in Rhodospirillum photometricum. Biophys J 2015; 106:2503-10. [PMID: 24896130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purple photosynthetic bacteria harvest light using pigment-protein complexes which are often arranged in pseudo-organelles called chromatophores. A model of a chromatophore from Rhodospirillum photometricum was constructed based on atomic force microscopy data. Molecular-dynamics simulations and quantum-dynamics calculations were performed to characterize the intercomplex excitation transfer network and explore the interplay between close-packing and light-harvesting efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Chandler
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Johan Strümpfer
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Melih Sener
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Simon Scheuring
- U1006 INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Klaus Schulten
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.
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50
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Hevroni G, Enav H, Rohwer F, Béjà O. Diversity of viral photosystem-I psaA genes. ISME JOURNAL 2014; 9:1892-8. [PMID: 25535938 PMCID: PMC4511924 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2014.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Marine photosynthesis is one of the major contributors to the global carbon cycle and the world's oxygen supply. This process is largely driven by cyanobacteria, namely Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus. Genes encoding photosystem-II (PSII) reaction center proteins are found in many cyanophage genomes, and are expressed during the infection of their hosts. On the basis of metagenomics, cyanophage photosystem-I (PSI) gene cassettes were recently discovered with two gene arrangements psaJF→C→A→B→K→E→D and psaD→C→A→B. It was suggested that the horizontal transfer of PSII and PSI genes is increasing phage fitness. To better understand their diversity, we designed degenerate primers to cover a wide diversity of organisms, and using PCR we targeted the psaC→A arrangement, which is unique to cyanophages cassettes. We examined viral concentrates from four islands in the Pacific Ocean and found samples containing the psaC→A arrangement. Analyses of the amplified viral psaA gene revealed six subgroups varying in their level of similarity and %G+C content, suggesting that the diversity of cyanophage PSI genes is greater than originally thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gur Hevroni
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hagay Enav
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Forest Rohwer
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Oded Béjà
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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