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The evolution of the human mitochondrial bc1 complex- adaptation for reduced rate of superoxide production? J Bioenerg Biomembr 2023; 55:15-31. [PMID: 36737563 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-023-09957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial bc1 complex is a major source of mitochondrial superoxide. While bc1-generated superoxide plays a beneficial signaling role, excess production of superoxide lead to aging and degenerative diseases. The catalytic core of bc1 comprises three peptides -cytochrome b, Fe-S protein, and cytochrome c1. All three core peptides exhibit accelerated evolution in anthropoid primates. It has been suggested that the evolution of cytochrome b in anthropoids was driven by a pressure to reduce the production of superoxide. In humans, the bc1 core peptides exhibit anthropoid-specific substitutions that are clustered near functionally critical sites that may affect the production of superoxide. Here we compare the high-resolution structures of bovine, mouse, sheep and human bc1 to identify structural changes that are associated with human-specific substitutions. Several cytochrome b substitutions in humans alter its interactions with other subunits. Most significantly, there is a cluster of seven substitutions, in cytochrome b, the Fe-S protein, and cytochrome c1 that affect the interactions between these proteins at the tether arm of the Fe-S protein and may alter the rate of ubiquinone oxidation and the rate of superoxide production. Another cluster of substitutions near heme bH and the ubiquinone reduction site, Qi, may affect the rate of ubiquinone reduction and thus alter the rate of superoxide production. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that cytochrome b in humans (and other anthropoid primates) evolve to reduce the rate of production of superoxide thus enabling the exceptional longevity and exceptional cognitive ability of humans.
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Yang Y, Tang T, Li X, Michel T, Ling L, Huang Z, Mulaka M, Wu Y, Gao H, Wang L, Zhou J, Meunier B, Ke H, Jiang L, Rao Y. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of multiple targeting antimalarials. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2900-2913. [PMID: 34589403 PMCID: PMC8463279 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria still threatens global health seriously today. While the current discoveries of antimalarials are almost totally focused on single mode-of-action inhibitors, multi-targeting inhibitors are highly desired to overcome the increasingly serious drug resistance. Here, we performed a structure-based drug design on mitochondrial respiratory chain of Plasmodium falciparum and identified an extremely potent molecule, RYL-581, which binds to multiple protein binding sites of P. falciparum simultaneously (allosteric site of type II NADH dehydrogenase, Qo and Qi sites of cytochrome bc1). Antimalarials with such multiple targeting mechanism of action have never been reported before. RYL-581 kills various drug-resistant strains in vitro and shows good solubility as well as in vivo activity. This structure-based strategy for designing RYL-581 from starting compound may be helpful for other medicinal chemistry projects in the future, especially for drug discovery on membrane-associated targets.
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Song Z, Hu Y, Iorga BI, Vallières C, Fisher N, Meunier B. Mutational analysis of the Q i-site proton pathway in yeast cytochrome bc 1 complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 523:615-619. [PMID: 31941609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory cytochrome bc1 complex functions as a protonmotive ubiquinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase. Lysine 228 (K228) located within the quinol reduction (Qi) site of the bc1 complex, has been reported as a key residue for proton transfer during the redox chemistry cycle to substrate quinone at Qi. In yeast, while single mutations had no effect, the combination of K228L and F225L resulted in a severe respiratory growth defect and inhibition of O2 consumption in intact cells. The inhibition was overcome by uncoupling the mitochondrial membrane or by suppressor mutations in the region of K228L-F225L. We propose that the K228L mutation introduces energetic (and kinetic) barriers into normal electron- and proton transfer chemistry at Qi, which are relieved by dissipation of the opposing protonmotive force or through the restoration of favourable intraprotein proton transfer networks via suppressor mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Song
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yangfeng Hu
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bogdan I Iorga
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cindy Vallières
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nicholas Fisher
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Brigitte Meunier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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Song Z, Iorga BI, Mounkoro P, Fisher N, Meunier B. The antimalarial compound
ELQ
‐400 is an unusual inhibitor of the
bc
1
complex, targeting both
Q
o
and
Q
i
sites. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:1346-1356. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Song
- Translational Research Institute Henan Provincial People's Hospital School of Medicine Henan University Zhengzhou China
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC) CEA CNRS Université Paris‐Sud Université Paris‐Saclay Gif‐sur‐Yvette France
| | - Bogdan I. Iorga
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles CNRS UPR 2301 Labex LERMIT Université Paris‐Saclay Gif‐sur‐Yvette France
| | - Pierre Mounkoro
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC) CEA CNRS Université Paris‐Sud Université Paris‐Saclay Gif‐sur‐Yvette France
| | - Nicholas Fisher
- MSU‐DOE Plant Research Laboratory Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA
| | - Brigitte Meunier
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC) CEA CNRS Université Paris‐Sud Université Paris‐Saclay Gif‐sur‐Yvette France
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Song Z, Laleve A, Vallières C, McGeehan JE, Lloyd RE, Meunier B. Human Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Variants Studied in Yeast: Not All Are Silent Polymorphisms. Hum Mutat 2016; 37:933-41. [PMID: 27291790 PMCID: PMC5094555 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Variations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b (mt‐cyb) are frequently found within the healthy population, but also occur within a spectrum of mitochondrial and common diseases. mt‐cyb encodes the core subunit (MT‐CYB) of complex III, a central component of the oxidative phosphorylation system that drives cellular energy production and homeostasis. Despite significant efforts, most mt‐cyb variations identified are not matched with corresponding biochemical data, so their functional and pathogenic consequences in humans remain elusive. While human mtDNA is recalcitrant to genetic manipulation, it is possible to introduce human‐associated point mutations into yeast mtDNA. Using this system, we reveal direct links between human mt‐cyb variations in key catalytic domains of MT‐CYB and significant changes to complex III activity or drug sensitivity. Strikingly, m.15257G>A (p.Asp171Asn) increased the sensitivity of yeast to the antimalarial drug atovaquone, and m.14798T>C (p.Phe18Leu) enhanced the sensitivity of yeast to the antidepressant drug clomipramine. We demonstrate that while a small number of mt‐cyb variations had no functional effect, others have the capacity to alter complex III properties, suggesting they could play a wider role in human health and disease than previously thought. This compendium of new mt‐cyb‐biochemical relationships in yeast provides a resource for future investigations in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Song
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, 91198, France
| | - Anaïs Laleve
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, 91198, France
| | - Cindy Vallières
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, 91198, France
| | - John E McGeehan
- Molecular Biophysics Laboratories, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Rhiannon E Lloyd
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomedicine, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Brigitte Meunier
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, 91198, France
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