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Subramanyam R, Tomo T, Eaton-Rye JJ, Yilmaz G, Allakhverdiev SI. International conference on "Photosynthesis and Hydrogen Energy Research for Sustainability-2023": in honor of Robert Blankenship, Győző Garab, Michael Grätzel, Norman Hüner and Gunnar Öquist. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024; 161:141-150. [PMID: 38502256 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-024-01087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The 11th International Photosynthesis Conference on Hydrogen Energy Research and Sustainability 2023 was organized in honor of Robert Blankenship, Győző Garab, Michael Grätzel, Norman Hüner, and Gunnar Öquist, in Istanbul, Türkiye at Bahçeşehir University Future Campus from 03 to 09 July 2023. It was jointly supported by the International Society of Photosynthesis Research (ISPR) and the International Association for Hydrogen Energy (IAHE). In this article we provide brief details of the conference, its events, keynote speakers, and the scientific contribution of scientists honored at this conference. Further, we also describe the participation of young researchers, their talks, and their awards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajagopal Subramanyam
- Department of Plant Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Tatsuya Tomo
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Julian J Eaton-Rye
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Girayhan Yilmaz
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suleyman I Allakhverdiev
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- К.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, Moscow, Russia, 127276.
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Zou Y, Huang Y, Zhang D, Chen H, Liang Y, Hao M, Yin Y. Molecular Mechanisms of Chlorophyll Deficiency in Ilex × attenuata 'Sunny Foster' Mutant. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1284. [PMID: 38794356 PMCID: PMC11124982 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Ilex × attenuata 'Sunny Foster' represents a yellow leaf mutant originating from I. × attenuata 'Foster#2', a popular ornamental woody cultivar. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this leaf color mutation remain unclear. Using a comprehensive approach encompassing cytological, physiological, and transcriptomic methodologies, notable distinctions were discerned between the mutant specimen and its wild type. The mutant phenotype displayed aberrant chloroplast morphology, diminished chlorophyll content, heightened carotenoid/chlorophyll ratios, and a decelerated rate of plant development. Transcriptome analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to chlorophyll metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis and photosynthesis. The up-regulation of CHLD and CHLI subunits leads to decreased magnesium chelatase activity, while the up-regulation of COX10 increases heme biosynthesis-both impair chlorophyll synthesis. Conversely, the down-regulation of HEMD hindered chlorophyll synthesis, and the up-regulation of SGR enhanced chlorophyll degradation, resulting in reduced chlorophyll content. Additionally, genes linked to carotenoid biosynthesis, flavonoid metabolism, and photosynthesis were significantly down-regulated. We also identified 311 putative differentially expressed transcription factors, including bHLHs and GLKs. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf color mutation in I. × attenuata 'Sunny Foster' and provide a substantial gene reservoir for enhancing leaf color through breeding techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zou
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.Z.)
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Qinghao Landscape Horticulture Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211225, China
| | - Yajian Huang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Donglin Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Youwang Liang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.Z.)
| | - Mingzhuo Hao
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.Z.)
- Jiangsu Qinghao Landscape Horticulture Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211225, China
| | - Yunlong Yin
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.Z.)
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
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van Stokkum IHM, Akhtar P, Biswas A, Lambrev PH. Energy transfer from phycobilisomes to photosystem I at 77 K. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1293813. [PMID: 38078099 PMCID: PMC10702739 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1293813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Phycobilisomes serve as a light-harvesting antenna of both photosystem I (PSI) and II (PSII) in cyanobacteria, yet direct energy transfer from phycobilisomes to PSI is not well documented. Here we recorded picosecond time-resolved fluorescence at wavelengths of 605-760 nm in isolated photosystem I (PSI), phycobilisomes and intact cells of a PSII-deficient mutant of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 at 77 K to study excitation energy transfer and trapping. By means of a simultaneous target analysis of the kinetics of isolated complexes and whole cells, the pathways and dynamics of energy transfer in vitro and in vivo were established. We establish that the timescale of the slowest equilibration between different terminal emitters in the phycobilisome is ≈800 ps. It was estimated that the terminal emitter in about 40% of the phycobilisomes transfers its energy with a rate constant of 42 ns-1 to PSI. This energy transfer rate is higher than the rates of equilibration within the phycobilisome - between the rods and the core or between the core cylinders - and is evidence for the existence of specific phycobilisome-PSI interactions. The rest of the phycobilisomes remain unconnected or slowly transferring energy to PSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo H. M. van Stokkum
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Parveen Akhtar
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Avratanu Biswas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and LaserLaB, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petar H. Lambrev
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
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Kumar S, Ali Kubar A, Zhu F, Shao C, Cui Y, Hu X, Ni J, Abdur Rehman Shah M, Ding S, Mehmood S, Huo S. Sunlight filtered via translucent-colored polyvinyl chloride sheets enhanced the light absorption capacity and growth of Arthrospira platensis cultivated in a pilot-scale raceway pond. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 386:129501. [PMID: 37468013 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
In this research, the effects of filtered sunlight traveling through translucent-colored polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheets on the photoconversion efficiency of Arthrospira platensis are investigated. Filtered sunlight improves the phycobilisome's capacity to completely absorb and transport it to intracellular photosystems. Findings indicated that filtered sunlight via orange-colored PVC sheet increased biomass dry weight by 21% (2.80 g/L), while under blue-colored PVC sheet decreased by 32% (1.49 g/L), when compared with translucent-colored (control) PVC sheet (2.19 g/L) after 120 h of culture. The meteorological conditions during the 1st week of cultivation reported higher light flux than the subsequent weeks. Furthermore, sunlight filtered through orange PVC sheet enhanced protein, allophycocyanin, phycocyanin, chlorophyll-a and carotenoids synthesis by 13%, 15%, 13%, 22%, and 27%, respectively. This practical and inexpensive solar radiation filtration system supports large-scale production of tailored bioactive compounds from microalgae with high growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ameer Ali Kubar
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Feifei Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Cong Shao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yi Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xinjuan Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiheng Ni
- School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | | | - Shengjie Ding
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shahid Mehmood
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shuhao Huo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Gu P, Wang Y, Wu H, Chen L, Zhang Z, Yang K, Zhang Z, Ren X, Miao H, Zheng Z. Efficient control of cyanobacterial blooms with calcium peroxide: Threshold and mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163591. [PMID: 37087006 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the feasibility and mechanism of cyanobacterial blooms control by calcium peroxide (CaO2). The obtained results demonstrated a strong inhibitory effect of CaO2 on cyanobacterial growth. The removal chlorophyll-a rate reached 31.4 %, while optimal/maximal quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) decreased to 50 % after CaO2 treatment at a concentration of 100 mg L-1 for 96 h. Two main mechanisms were involved in the treatment of cyanobacterial bloom with CaO2, namely oxidative damage and cyanobacterial colony formation. It was found that CaO2 released reactive oxygen species (ROS), namely hydroxyl radicals (·OH), singlet oxygen (1O2), and superoxide radicals (·O2-), inhibiting the activity of antioxidant enzymes in cyanobacterial cells and resulting in intracellular oxidation imbalance. Cyanobacteria can resist oxidative damage by releasing extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). These EPS can combine with CaO2-derived Ca, forming large cyanobacterial aggregates and, consequently, accelerating cell sedimentation. In addition, CaO2 caused programmed cell death (PCD) of cyanobacteria and irreversible damage to the ultrastructure characteristic of the cyanobacterial cells. The apoptotic rate was greatly improved at 100 mg L-1 CaO2. On the other hand, the results obtained using qRT-PCR analysis confirmed the contribution of CaO2 to the down-regulation of photosynthesis-related genes (rbcL and psaB), the up-regulation of microcystins (mcyA and mcyD), the up-regulation of the oxidation system: peroxiredoxin (prx) through oxidative mechanisms. The present study proposes a novel treatment method for water-containing cyanobacterial blooms using CaO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Taihu Water Environment Research Center, Changzhou 213169, PR China
| | - Yuting Wang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Hanqi Wu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Taihu Water Environment Research Center, Changzhou 213169, PR China
| | - Liqi Chen
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zhaochang Zhang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Kunlun Yang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zengshuai Zhang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xueli Ren
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Hengfeng Miao
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China.
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Taihu Water Environment Research Center, Changzhou 213169, PR China
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Liu H. Cyanobacterial Phycobilisome Allostery as Revealed by Quantitative Mass Spectrometry. Biochemistry 2023; 62:1307-1320. [PMID: 36943676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Phycobilisomes (PBSs) are the major photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes in cyanobacteria and red algae. PBS, a multisubunit protein complex, has two major interfaces that comprise intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs): rod-core and core-membrane. IDRs do not form regular, three-dimensional structures on their own. Their presence in the photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes portends their structural and functional importance. A recent model suggests that PB-loop, an IDR located on the PBS subunit ApcE and C-terminal extension (CTE) of the PBS subunit ApcG, forms a structural protrusion on the PBS core-membrane side, facing the thylakoid membrane. Here, the structural synergy between the rod-core region and the core-membrane region was investigated using quantitative mass spectrometry (MS). The AlphaFold-predicted CpcG-CTE structure was first modeled onto the PBS rod-core region, guided and justified by the isotopically encoded structural MS data. Quantitative cross-linking MS analysis revealed that the structural proximity of the PB-loop in ApcE and ApcG-CTE is significantly disturbed in the absence of six PBS rods, which are attached to PBS via CpcG-CTE, indicative of drastic conformational changes and decreased structural integrity. These results suggest that CpcG-rod attachment on the PBS rod-core side is essentially required for the PBS core-membrane structural assembly. The hypothesized long-range synergy between the rod-core interface (where the orange carotenoid protein also functions) and the terminal energy emitter of PBS must have important regulatory roles in PBS core assembly, light-harvesting, and excitation energy transmission. These data also lend strategies that genetic truncation of the light-harvesting antennas aimed for improved photosynthetic productivity must rely on an in-depth understanding of their global structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Liu
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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Li H, He X, Gao Y, Liu W, Song J, Zhang J. Integrative Analysis of Transcriptome, Proteome, and Phosphoproteome Reveals Potential Roles of Photosynthesis Antenna Proteins in Response to Brassinosteroids Signaling in Maize. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1290. [PMID: 36986978 PMCID: PMC10058427 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids are a recently discovered group of substances that promote plant growth and productivity. Photosynthesis, which is vital for plant growth and high productivity, is strongly influenced by brassinosteroid signaling. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the photosynthetic response to brassinosteroid signaling in maize remains obscure. Here, we performed integrated transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteomic analyses to identify the key photosynthesis pathway that responds to brassinosteroid signaling. Transcriptome analysis suggested that photosynthesis antenna proteins and carotenoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and MAPK signaling in CK VS EBR and CK VS Brz were significantly enriched in the list of differentially expressed genes upon brassinosteroids treatment. Consistently, proteome and phosphoproteomic analyses indicated that photosynthesis antenna and photosynthesis proteins were significantly enriched in the list of differentially expressed proteins. Thus, transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome analyses showed that major genes and proteins related to photosynthesis antenna proteins were upregulated by brassinosteroids treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, 42 and 186 transcription factor (TF) responses to brassinosteroid signals in maize leaves were identified in the CK VS EBR and CK VS Brz groups, respectively. Our study provides valuable information for a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying the photosynthetic response to brassinosteroid signaling in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology Research, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuewu He
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Yuanfen Gao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology Research, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Song
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology Research, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
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Mao R, Zhang H, Bie L, Liu LN, Gao J. Million-atom molecular dynamics simulations reveal the interfacial interactions and assembly of plant PSII-LHCII supercomplex. RSC Adv 2023; 13:6699-6712. [PMID: 36860540 PMCID: PMC9969236 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08240c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interface interactions dictate efficient excitation energy transfer from light-harvesting antennas to the photosystem II (PSII) core. In this work, we construct a 1.2 million atom-scale model of plant C2S2-type PSII-LHCII supercomplex and perform microsecond-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to explore the interactions and assembly mechanisms of the sizeable PSII-LHCII supercomplex. We optimize the nonbonding interactions of the PSII-LHCII cryo-EM structure using microsecond-scale MD simulations. Binding free energy calculations with component decompositions reveal that hydrophobic interactions predominantly drive antenna-core association and the antenna-antenna interactions are relatively weak. Despite the positive electrostatic interaction energies, hydrogen bonds and salt bridges mainly provide directional or anchoring forces for interface binding. Analysis of the roles of small intrinsic subunits of PSII suggests that LHCII and CP26 first interact with small intrinsic subunits and then bind to the core proteins, whereas CP29 adopts a one-step binding process to the PSII core without the assistance of other factors. Our study provides insights into the molecular underpinnings of the self-organization and regulation of plant PSII-LHCII. It lays the framework for deciphering the general assembly principles of photosynthetic supercomplexes and possibly other macromolecular structures. The finding also has implications for repurposing photosynthetic systems to enhance photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichao Mao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 Hubei China
| | - Han Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 Hubei China
| | - Lihua Bie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 Hubei China
| | - Lu-Ning Liu
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZB UK .,Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China
| | - Jun Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 Hubei China
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Ibañez MV, Leonardi RJ, Krujatz F, Heinrich JM. The Assessment of the Real-Time Radiative Properties and Productivity of Limnospira platensis in Tubular Photobioreactors. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12071014. [PMID: 35888102 PMCID: PMC9320848 DOI: 10.3390/life12071014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of tools to predict the photobioreactors' (PBRs) productivity is a significant concern in biotechnology. To this end, it is required to know the light availability inside the cultivation unit and combine this information with a suitable kinetic expression that links the distribution of radiant energy with the cell growth rate. In a previous study, we presented and validated a methodology for assessing the radiative properties necessary to address the light distribution inside a PBR for varying illuminating conditions through the cultivation process of a phototrophic microorganism. Here, we sought to utilise this information to construct a predictive tool to estimate the productivity of an autotrophic bioprocess carried out in a 100 [L] tubular photobioreactor (TPBR). Firstly, the time-dependent optical properties over ten batch cultures of L. platensis were calculated. Secondly, the local volumetric rate of photon absorption was assessed based on a physical model of the interaction of the radiant energy with the suspended biomass, together with a Monte Carlo simulation algorithm. Lastly, a kinetic expression valid for low illumination conditions has been utilised to reproduce all the cultures' experimentally obtained dry weight biomass concentration values. Taken together, time-dependent radiative properties and the kinetic model produced a valuable tool for the study and scaling up of TPBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Vicente Ibañez
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Ciudad Universitaria (Paraje El Pozo), Santa Fe 3000, Argentina; (R.J.L.); (J.M.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rodrigo Jorge Leonardi
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Ciudad Universitaria (Paraje El Pozo), Santa Fe 3000, Argentina; (R.J.L.); (J.M.H.)
| | - Felix Krujatz
- Institute of Natural Materials Technology, TU Dresden, Bergstraße 120, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
- Biotopa gGmbH—Center for Applied Aquaculture & Bioeconomy, Bautzner Landstraße 45, 01454 Radeberg, Germany
- Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Zittau/Görlitz, 02763 Zittau, Germany
| | - Josué Miguel Heinrich
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Ciudad Universitaria (Paraje El Pozo), Santa Fe 3000, Argentina; (R.J.L.); (J.M.H.)
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Orlandi VT, Martegani E, Giaroni C, Baj A, Bolognese F. Bacterial pigments: A colorful palette reservoir for biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:981-1001. [PMID: 33870552 PMCID: PMC9544673 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic derivatives are currently used instead of pigments in many applicative fields, from food to feed, from pharmaceutical to diagnostic, from agronomy to industry. Progress in organic chemistry allowed to obtain rather cheap compounds covering the whole color spectrum. However, several concerns arise from this chemical approach, as it is mainly based on nonrenewable resources such as fossil oil, and the toxicity or carcinogenic properties of products and/or precursors may be harmful for personnel involved in the productive processes. In this scenario, microorganisms and their pigments represent a colorful world to discover and reconsider. Each living bacterial strain may be a source of secondary metabolites with peculiar functions. The aim of this review is to link the physiological role of bacterial pigments with their potential use in different biotechnological fields. This enormous potential supports the big challenge for the development of strategies useful to identify, produce, and purify the right pigment for the desired application. At the end of this ideal journey through the world of bacterial pigments, the attention will be focused on melanin compounds, whose production relies upon different techniques ranging from natural producers, heterologous hosts, or isolated enzymes. In a green workflow, the microorganisms represent the starting and final point of pigment production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleonora Martegani
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life SciencesUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Andreina Baj
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Fabrizio Bolognese
- Department of Biotechnologies and Life SciencesUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
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Akhtar P, Biswas A, Balog-Vig F, Domonkos I, Kovács L, Lambrev PH. Trimeric photosystem I facilitates energy transfer from phycobilisomes in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:827-838. [PMID: 35302607 PMCID: PMC9157137 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In cyanobacteria, phycobilisomes (PBS) serve as peripheral light-harvesting complexes of the two photosystems, extending their antenna size and the wavelength range of photons available for photosynthesis. The abundance of PBS, the number of phycobiliproteins they contain, and their light-harvesting function are dynamically adjusted in response to the physiological conditions. PBS are also thought to be involved in state transitions that maintain the excitation balance between the two photosystems. Unlike its eukaryotic counterpart, PSI is trimeric in many cyanobacterial species and the physiological significance of this is not well understood. Here, we compared the composition and light-harvesting function of PBS in cells of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, which has primarily trimeric PSI, and the ΔpsaL mutant, which lacks the PsaL subunit of PSI and is unable to form trimers. We also investigated a mutant additionally lacking the PsaJ and PsaF subunits of PSI. Both strains with monomeric PSI accumulated significantly more allophycocyanin per chlorophyll, indicating higher abundance of PBS. On the other hand, a higher phycocyanin:allophycocyanin ratio in the wild type suggests larger PBS or the presence of APC-less PBS (CpcL-type) that are not assembled in cells with monomeric PSI. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy at room temperature and 77 K revealed that PSII receives more energy from the PBS at the expense of PSI in cells with monomeric PSI, regardless of the presence of PsaF. Taken together, these results show that the oligomeric state of PSI impacts the excitation energy flow in Synechocystis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Akhtar
- Szeged Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Avratanu Biswas
- Szeged Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Fanny Balog-Vig
- Szeged Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Domonkos
- Szeged Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - László Kovács
- Szeged Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
| | - Petar H Lambrev
- Szeged Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Temesvári krt. 62, Szeged 6726, Hungary
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12
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Xian X, Li X, Ye C, Wan K, Feng M, Luo C, Yu X. Higher sensitivity to Cu 2+ exposure of Microcystis aeruginosa in late lag phase is beneficial to its control. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 214:118207. [PMID: 35217491 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are always treated in exponential phase, which demands high dosages of algicides (e.g., CuSO4). Actually, cyanobacterial blooms in late lag phase exhibit low cell-density and specific physiological/biochemical characteristics, implying the possibility of controlling blooms in a more efficient and economical way with CuSO4 treatment if cyanobacterial cells in late lag phase can be treated. In this study, the outbreakof a Microcystis bloom was simulated, and Microcystis samples in late lag and exponential phases were treated with CuSO4. The results showed that M. aeruginosa in late lag phase had a higher ratio of dividing-cells, Fv/Fm and intracellular total organic carbon content (TOC) than that in exponential phase, indicating that its metabolic activity was vigorous. M. aeruginosa in late lag phase could more easily be blocked, since a higher decrease in chlorophyll-a, Fv/Fm and membrane integrity occurred under the same dosages of CuSO4 exposure compared to M. aeruginosa in exponential phase. Meanwhile, microcystin release in late lag phase was less than that in exponential phase. Moreover, higher sensitivity in late lag phase was confirmed at the individual level, as the photosynthesis related genes psaB and rbcL were more down-regulated than those in exponential phase. In general, cyanobacteria in late lag phase exhibited higher sensitivity to CuSO4, indicating that CuSO4 treatments in late lag phase can achieve a higher control efficiency and fewer release of microcystin with low-dosages algicide. Hence, it is a more environmentally friendly strategy to control cyanobacterial blooms than the traditional strategy applied in exponential phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Xian
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xi Li
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chengsong Ye
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Kun Wan
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Mingbao Feng
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chen Luo
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xin Yu
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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13
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Fais G, Manca A, Bolognesi F, Borselli M, Concas A, Busutti M, Broggi G, Sanna P, Castillo-Aleman YM, Rivero-Jiménez RA, Bencomo-Hernandez AA, Ventura-Carmenate Y, Altea M, Pantaleo A, Gabrielli G, Biglioli F, Cao G, Giannaccare G. Wide Range Applications of Spirulina: From Earth to Space Missions. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050299. [PMID: 35621951 PMCID: PMC9143897 DOI: 10.3390/md20050299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spirulina is the most studied cyanobacterium species for both pharmacological applications and the food industry. The aim of the present review is to summarize the potential benefits of the use of Spirulina for improving healthcare both in space and on Earth. Regarding the first field of application, Spirulina could represent a new technology for the sustainment of long-duration manned missions to planets beyond the Lower Earth Orbit (e.g., Mars); furthermore, it could help astronauts stay healthy while exposed to a variety of stress factors that can have negative consequences even after years. As far as the second field of application, Spirulina could have an active role in various aspects of medicine, such as metabolism, oncology, ophthalmology, central and peripheral nervous systems, and nephrology. The recent findings of the capacity of Spirulina to improve stem cells mobility and to increase immune response have opened new intriguing scenarios in oncological and infectious diseases, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Fais
- Interdepartmental Centre of Environmental Science and Engineering (CINSA), University of Cagliari, Via San Giorgio 12, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.F.); (A.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Alessia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Federico Bolognesi
- Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, Head and Neck Department, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (F.B.)
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni 33, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Borselli
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Grecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Concas
- Interdepartmental Centre of Environmental Science and Engineering (CINSA), University of Cagliari, Via San Giorgio 12, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.F.); (A.C.); (G.C.)
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Busutti
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplant Unit, IRCCS-Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, University of Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Broggi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, University of Milan, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Columbus Clinic Center, Via Michelangelo Buonarroti 48, 20145 Milan, Italy
| | - Pierdanilo Sanna
- Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center, Al Misaha Street, Rowdhat, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; (P.S.); (Y.M.C.-A.); (R.A.R.-J.); (A.A.B.-H.); (Y.V.-C.)
| | - Yandy Marx Castillo-Aleman
- Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center, Al Misaha Street, Rowdhat, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; (P.S.); (Y.M.C.-A.); (R.A.R.-J.); (A.A.B.-H.); (Y.V.-C.)
| | - René Antonio Rivero-Jiménez
- Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center, Al Misaha Street, Rowdhat, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; (P.S.); (Y.M.C.-A.); (R.A.R.-J.); (A.A.B.-H.); (Y.V.-C.)
| | - Antonio Alfonso Bencomo-Hernandez
- Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center, Al Misaha Street, Rowdhat, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; (P.S.); (Y.M.C.-A.); (R.A.R.-J.); (A.A.B.-H.); (Y.V.-C.)
| | - Yendry Ventura-Carmenate
- Abu Dhabi Stem Cells Center, Al Misaha Street, Rowdhat, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; (P.S.); (Y.M.C.-A.); (R.A.R.-J.); (A.A.B.-H.); (Y.V.-C.)
| | - Michela Altea
- TOLO Green, Via San Damiano 2, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (G.G.)
| | - Antonella Pantaleo
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.M.); (A.P.)
| | | | - Federico Biglioli
- Unit of Maxillofacial Surgery, Head and Neck Department, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Giacomo Cao
- Interdepartmental Centre of Environmental Science and Engineering (CINSA), University of Cagliari, Via San Giorgio 12, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (G.F.); (A.C.); (G.C.)
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), Loc. Piscina Manna, Building 1, 09050 Pula, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Grecia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3317186201
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14
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Kumar S, Cheng J, Jia D, Ali Kubar A, Yang W. Enhancing microalgae production by installing concave walls in plate photobioreactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126479. [PMID: 34864173 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In order to optimize light distribution for promoting biomass growth rate of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, concave walls were installed in plate photobioreactors (PBR) to generate rotational flow field of microalgal solution circulated from top inlets to bottom outlets. Flow vortices in four corners of concave-wall PBR resulted in decreased mixing time and increased mass transfer coefficient. The CO2 bio-fixation by C. pyrenoidosa increased by 27% and chlorophyll-a concentration enhanced by 18.5% in concave-wall PBR compared to those in control (flat-wall) PBR. The concave walls diverge light rays to enhance frontal light exposure and supply more light photons into interior regions of PBRs. The promotion in light distribution and vortex flow field with concave walls enhanced light and nutrients utilization by microalgal cells, leading to an increased biomass growth rate by 21%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Dongwei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ameer Ali Kubar
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Weijuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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15
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Influence of Different Light Sources on the Biochemical Composition of Arthrospira spp. Grown in Model Systems. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030399. [PMID: 35159549 PMCID: PMC8834439 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthrospira platensis and Arthrospira maxima are prokaryotic microalgae commercially marketed as spirulina. The pigments extracted from these algae are widely used for cosmetic and nutraceutical applications. This work aimed to evaluate the influence of three light-emitting lamps (white, orange and blue) on the growth and biomass composition of two strains of A. platensis (M2 and M2M) and one of A. maxima. The obtained data show strain- and light-dependent responses of the microalgae. In addition, white and orange lights led to a similar overall effect by increasing the levels of chlorophyll a and carotenoids. However, exposure to orange light resulted in the highest dry weight (5973.3 mg L−1 in M2M), whereas white light stimulated an increase in the carbohydrate fraction (up to 42.36 g 100 g−1 in A. maxima). Conversely, blue light led to a constant increase in the concentration of phycocyanin (14 g 100 g−1 in A. maxima) and a higher content of proteins in all strains. These results provide important environmental information for modulating the growth of different spirulina strains, which can be used to address the synthesis of biochemical compounds of strategic importance for the development of new nutraceutical foods.
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16
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Effects of blue, orange and white lights on growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, and phycocyanin production of Arthrospira platensis cultures. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Wen X, Yang Z, Ding S, Yang H, Zhang L, Lu C, Lu Q. Analysis of the changes of electron transfer and heterogeneity of photosystem II in Deg1-reduced Arabidopsis plants. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 150:159-177. [PMID: 33993381 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00842-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Deg1 protease functions in protease and chaperone of PSII complex components, but few works were performed to study the effects of Deg1 on electron transport activities on the donor and acceptor side of PSII and its correlation with the photoprotection of PSII during photoinhibition. Therefore, we performed systematic and comprehensive investigations of electron transfers on the donor and acceptor sides of photosystem II (PSII) in the Deg1-reduced transgenic lines deg1-2 and deg1-4. Both the maximal quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) and the actual PSII efficiency (ΦPSII) decreased significantly in the transgenic plants. Increases in nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and the dissipated energy flux per reaction center (DI0/RC) were also shown in the transgenic plants. Along with the decreased D1, CP47, and CP43 content, these results suggested photoinhibition under growth light conditions in transgenic plants. Decreased Deg1 caused inhibition of electron transfer on the PSII reducing side, leading to a decline in the number of QB-reducing centers and accumulation of QB-nonreducing centers. The Tm of the Q band shifted from 5.7 °C in the wild-type plant to 10.4 °C and 14.2 °C in the deg1-2 and deg1-4 plants, respectively, indicating an increase in the stability of S2QA¯ in transgenic plants. PSIIα in the transgenic plants largely reduced, while PSIIβ and PSIIγ increased with the decline in the Deg1 levels in transgenic plants suggesting PSIIα centers gradually converted into PSIIβ and PSIIγ centers in the transgenic plants. Besides, the connectivity of PSIIα and PSIIβ was downregulated in transgenic plants. Our results reveal that downregulation of Deg1 protein levels induced photoinhibition in transgenic plants, leading to loss of PSII activities on both the donor and acceptor sides in transgenic plants. These results give a new insight into the regulation role of Deg1 in PSII electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Wen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhipan Yang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Shunhua Ding
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Huixia Yang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, 85 Minglun Street, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Congming Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Qingtao Lu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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18
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Trapani M, Castriciano MA, Collini E, Bella G, Cordaro M. Supramolecular BODIPY based dimers: synthesis, computational and spectroscopic studies. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8118-8127. [PMID: 34473180 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01433a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic procedures for the preparation of supramolecular BODIPY dimers decorated with complementary patterns able to induce the formation of a triple hydrogen bond through mutual interactions are here reported. The BODIPY and styryl-equipped BODIPY species have been suitably functionalized in meso position with 2,6-diacetamido-4-pyridyl and 1-butyl-6-uracyl moieties. Dimers and monomers have been subjected to computational and photophysical investigations in solvent media. Various peculiarities concerning the effects of the interaction geometry on the stability of the H-bonded systems have also been investigated. The combination of modelling and experimental data provides a paradigm for improving and refining the BODIPY synthetic pathway to have chromophoric architectures with a programmable supramolecular identity. Furthermore, the possibility of assembling dimers of different dyes through H-bonds could be appealing for a systematic investigation of the principal factors affecting the dynamics of the energy migration and possibly driving coherent transfer mechanisms. Our work highlights how the chemical versatility of these dyes can be exploited to design new BODIPY-based supramolecular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Trapani
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Castriciano
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Collini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Cordaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, V.le F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Wang J, Yu LJ, Wang W, Yan Q, Kuang T, Qin X, Shen JR. Structure of plant photosystem I-light harvesting complex I supercomplex at 2.4 Å resolution. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1367-1381. [PMID: 33788400 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is one of the two photosystems in photosynthesis, and performs a series of electron transfer reactions leading to the reduction of ferredoxin. In higher plants, PSI is surrounded by four light-harvesting complex I (LHCI) subunits, which harvest and transfer energy efficiently to the PSI core. The crystal structure of PSI-LHCI supercomplex has been analyzed up to 2.6 Å resolution, providing much information on the arrangement of proteins and cofactors in this complicated supercomplex. Here we have optimized crystallization conditions, and analyzed the crystal structure of PSI-LHCI at 2.4 Å resolution. Our structure showed some shift of the LHCI, especially the Lhca4 subunit, away from the PSI core, suggesting the indirect connection and inefficiency of energy transfer from this Lhca subunit to the PSI core. We identified five new lipids in the structure, most of them are located in the gap region between the Lhca subunits and the PSI core. These lipid molecules may play important roles in binding of the Lhca subunits to the core, as well as in the assembly of the supercomplex. The present results thus provide novel information for the elucidation of the mechanisms for the light-energy harvesting, transfer and assembly of this supercomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Long-Jiang Yu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wenda Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Qiujing Yan
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tingyun Kuang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiaochun Qin
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Jian-Ren Shen
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, and Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
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20
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Abstract
Conductive polymers are widely used as active and auxiliary materials for organic photovoltaic cells due to their easily tunable properties, high electronic conductivity, and light absorption. Several conductive polymers show the cathodic photogalvanic effect in pristine state. Recently, photoelectrochemical oxygen reduction has been demonstrated for nickel complexes of Salen-type ligands. Herein, we report an unexpected inversion of the photogalvanic effect caused by doping of the NiSalen polymers with anionic porphyrins. The observed effect was studied by means of UV-Vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and chopped light chronoamperometry. While pristine NiSalens exhibit cathodic photopolarization, doping with porphyrins inverts the polarization. As a result, photoelectrochemical oxidation of the ascorbate proceeds smoothly on the NiSalen electrode doped with zinc porphyrins. The highest photocurrents were observed on NiSalen polymer with o-phenylene imine bridge, doped with anionic zinc porphyrin. Assuming this, porphyrin serves both as a catalytic center for the oxidation of ascorbate and an internal electron donor, facilitating the photoinduced charge transport and anodic depolarization.
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21
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Meng H, Zhang W, Zhu H, Yang F, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Li Y. Over-expression of an electron transport protein OmcS provides sufficient NADH for D-lactate production in cyanobacterium. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:109. [PMID: 33926521 PMCID: PMC8082822 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An efficient supply of reducing equivalent is essential for chemicals production by engineered microbes. In phototrophic microbes, the NADPH generated from photosynthesis is the dominant form of reducing equivalent. However, most dehydrogenases prefer to utilize NADH as a cofactor. Thus, sufficient NADH supply is crucial to produce dehydrogenase-derived chemicals in cyanobacteria. Photosynthetic electron is the sole energy source and excess electrons are wasted in the light reactions of photosynthesis. RESULTS Here we propose a novel strategy to direct the electrons to generate more ATP from light reactions to provide sufficient NADH for lactate production. To this end, we introduced an electron transport protein-encoding gene omcS into cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973 and demonstrated that the introduced OmcS directs excess electrons from plastoquinone (PQ) to photosystem I (PSI) to stimulate cyclic electron transfer (CET). As a result, an approximately 30% increased intracellular ATP, 60% increased intracellular NADH concentrations and up to 60% increased biomass production with fourfold increased D-lactate production were achieved. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed upregulation of proteins involved in linear electron transfer (LET), CET, and downregulation of proteins involved in respiratory electron transfer (RET), giving hints to understand the increased levels of ATP and NADH. CONCLUSIONS This strategy provides a novel orthologous way to improve photosynthesis via enhancing CET and supply sufficient NADH for the photosynthetic production of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengkai Meng
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huawei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Yin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 West Beichen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
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The Role of Selected Wavelengths of Light in the Activity of Photosystem II in Gloeobacter violaceus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084021. [PMID: 33924720 PMCID: PMC8069770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gloeobacter violaceus is a cyanobacteria species with a lack of thylakoids, while photosynthetic antennas, i.e., phycobilisomes (PBSs), photosystem II (PSII), and I (PSI), are located in the cytoplasmic membrane. We verified the hypothesis that blue–red (BR) light supplemented with a far-red (FR), ultraviolet A (UVA), and green (G) light can affect the photosynthetic electron transport chain in PSII and explain the differences in the growth of the G. violaceus culture. The cyanobacteria were cultured under different light conditions. The largest increase in G. violaceus biomass was observed only under BR + FR and BR + G light. Moreover, the shape of the G. violaceus cells was modified by the spectrum with the addition of G light. Furthermore, it was found that both the spectral composition of light and age of the cyanobacterial culture affect the different content of phycobiliproteins in the photosynthetic antennas (PBS). Most likely, in cells grown under light conditions with the addition of FR and G light, the average antenna size increased due to the inactivation of some reaction centers in PSII. Moreover, the role of PSI and gloeorhodopsin as supplementary sources of metabolic energy in the G. violaceus growth is discussed.
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Chen Y, Xu H, He T, Gao R, Guo G, Lu R, Chen Z, Liu C. Comparative Analysis of Morphology, Photosynthetic Physiology, and Transcriptome Between Diploid and Tetraploid Barley Derived From Microspore Culture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:626916. [PMID: 33747007 PMCID: PMC7970760 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.626916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyploids play an important role in the breeding of plant for superior characteristics, and many reports have focused on the effects upon photosynthesis from polyploidization in some plant species recently, yet surprisingly little of this is known for barley. In this study, homozygous diploid and tetraploid plants, derived from microspore culturing of the barley cultivar "H30," were used to assess differences between them in their cellular, photosynthetic, and transcriptomic characteristics. Our results showed that tetraploid barley has the distinct characteristics of polyploids, namely thicker and heavier leaves, enlarged stomata size or stomatal guard cell size, and more photosynthetic pigments and improved photosynthesis (especially under high light intensity). This enhanced photosynthesis of tetraploid barley was confirmed by several photosynthetic parameters, including net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax), light saturation point (LSP), maximum RuBP saturated rate carboxylation (Vcmax), and maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax). Transcriptomic analyses revealed that just ~2.3% of all detected genes exhibited differential expression patterns [i.e., differentially expressed genes (DEGs)], and that most of these - 580 of 793 DEGs in total - were upregulated in the tetraploid barley. The follow-up KEGG analysis indicated that the most enriched pathway was related to photosynthesis-antenna proteins, while the downregulation of DEGs was related mainly to the light-harvesting cholorophyII a/b-binding protein (Lhcb1) component, both validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Taken together, our integrated analysis of morphology, photosynthetic physiology, and transcriptome provides evidences for understanding of how polyploidization enhances the photosynthetic capacity in tetraploids of barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Chen
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting He
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Runhong Gao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Guimei Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiju Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghong Liu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
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24
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Liu H, Zhang MM, Weisz DA, Cheng M, Pakrasi HB, Blankenship RE. Structure of cyanobacterial phycobilisome core revealed by structural modeling and chemical cross-linking. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/2/eaba5743. [PMID: 33523959 PMCID: PMC7787483 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba5743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In cyanobacteria and red algae, the structural basis dictating efficient excitation energy transfer from the phycobilisome (PBS) antenna complex to the reaction centers remains unclear. The PBS has several peripheral rods and a central core that binds to the thylakoid membrane, allowing energy coupling with photosystem II (PSII) and PSI. Here, we have combined chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry with homology modeling to propose a tricylindrical cyanobacterial PBS core structure. Our model reveals a side-view crossover configuration of the two basal cylinders, consolidating the essential roles of the anchoring domains composed of the ApcE PB loop and ApcD, which facilitate the energy transfer to PSII and PSI, respectively. The uneven bottom surface of the PBS core contrasts with the flat reducing side of PSII. The extra space between two basal cylinders and PSII provides increased accessibility for regulatory elements, e.g., orange carotenoid protein, which are required for modulating photochemical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center (PARC), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Mengru M Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Daniel A Weisz
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center (PARC), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Ming Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Himadri B Pakrasi
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center (PARC), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Robert E Blankenship
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Photosynthetic Antenna Research Center (PARC), Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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25
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Kumar S, Cheng J, Ali Kubar A, Guo W, Song Y, Liu S, Chen S, Tian J. Orange light spectra filtered through transparent colored polyvinyl chloride sheet enhanced pigment content and growth of Arthrospira cells. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124179. [PMID: 33038649 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are significantly affected by the spectra composition with various wavelengths. The development of light harvesting pigments can be controlled with specific wavelength of filtered light received by microalgae. Coverage of open raceway pond using transparent colored polyvinyl chloride sheets (PVCS) to filter light spectra, was assessed for the capacity to enhance biomass growth rate. Results showed that orange PVCS filtered light spectra at wavelengths from 480 to 665 nm, increased biomass dry weight (3.3 g/L) by 61% compared with control condition (white PVCS = 350-750 nm). Light spectra filtered through orange PVCS were more easily absorbed by the light harvesting pigment protein complex (phycobilisome) of Arthrospira platensis cells and subsequently transferred to intracellular photosynthesis reaction centers. Therefore, A. platensis cells cultivated with light spectra filtered through orange PVCS contained 62.7 mg/L chlorophyll-a and 23.5 mg/L carotenoid, which were 40% and 29% higher than control condition (with white PVCS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Ameer Ali Kubar
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wangbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yanmei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shuzheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shutong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jianglei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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26
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Puzorjov A, McCormick AJ. Phycobiliproteins from extreme environments and their potential applications. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3827-3842. [PMID: 32188986 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The light-harvesting phycobilisome complex is an important component of photosynthesis in cyanobacteria and red algae. Phycobilisomes are composed of phycobiliproteins, including the blue phycobiliprotein phycocyanin, that are considered high-value products with applications in several industries. Remarkably, several cyanobacteria and red algal species retain the capacity to harvest light and photosynthesise under highly selective environments such as hot springs, and flourish in extremes of pH and elevated temperatures. These thermophilic organisms produce thermostable phycobiliproteins, which have superior qualities much needed for wider adoption of these natural pigment-proteins in the food, textile, and other industries. Here we review the available literature on the thermostability of phycobilisome components from thermophilic species and discuss how a better appreciation of phycobiliproteins from extreme environments will benefit our fundamental understanding of photosynthetic adaptation and could provide a sustainable resource for several industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Puzorjov
- SynthSys and Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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27
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Jiang Y, Liu Y, Zhang J. Antibiotics induced alterations in cell density, photosynthesis, microcystin synthesis and proteomic expression of Microcystis aeruginosa during CuSO 4 treatment. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 222:105473. [PMID: 32203795 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic contaminants have the potential to interfere with the control of cyanobacterial bloom through generating hormesis in cyanobacteria at current contamination level of ng L-1. This study investigated the influence of a mixture of four frequently detected antibiotics, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline, during the treatment of Microcystis aeruginosa by copper sulfate (CuSO4) algaecide. CuSO4 significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited cell density, growth rate, Fv/Fm value, chlorophyll a content and microcystin production ability of M. aeruginosa in a dose-dependent manner at application doses of 0.01-0.05 mg L-1. Besides, CuSO4 inhibited oxidation-reduction process, photosynthesis and biosynthesis in M. aeruginosa at the proteomic level. Preventative application of CuSO4 to a low density (4 × 105 cells mL-1) of M. aeruginosa effectively prevented the formation of bloom at low CuSO4 doses, which is a possible route for eliminating the negative effects of CuSO4 algaecide in aquatic environments. The presence of mixed antibiotics alleviated the toxicity of CuSO4 in M. aeruginosa, through the downregulation of cation transport proteins and the upregulation of proteins related with chlorophyll a synthesis, photosynthesis, gene expression and oxidation-reduction. Mixed antibiotics also promoted microcystin synthesis in CuSO4 treated cells through the upregulation of microcystin synthetases. Mixed antibiotics significantly (p < 0.05) increased cell density, growth rate, Fv/Fm value, chlorophyll a content and microcystin production ability in CuSO4 treated cells at test concentrations of 80 and 200 ng L-1. A no-impact threshold of 20 ng L-1 for mixed antibiotics (5 ng L-1 for each antibiotic) was suggested for eliminating the interference of antibiotic contaminants on cyanobacterial bloom control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
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