1
|
He Y, Liu J, Hu C, Wang Y, Ma L, Guo Y. Dicyanopyridine derivatives: One-pot preparation, ACQ-to-AIE transformation, light-conversion quality and photostability. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 315:124227. [PMID: 38608557 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Low cost and strong fluorescence emission are two important guarantees for luminogens used as light conversion agents. By one-pot multicomponent approach and inexpensive starting materials, three dicyanopyridine (DP) derivatives named as DCP (2-amino-6-methoxy-4-phenylpyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile), DCO (2-amino-6-methoxy-4-(4-methoxyphenyl) pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile) and DCC (2-amino-4-(4-cyanophenyl)-6-methoxypyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile) were designed and synthesized. Meanwhile, the ACQ-to-AIE transformation was successfully realized by altering substituent groups rather than traditional rotor-stator theory. Based on crystal analysis and theoretical calculations, the ACQ-to-AIE transformation is attributed to the tunable stacking modes and intermolecular weak interactions. Owing to matched fluorescence emission, low lost, high yield, and AIE activity, DCC is used as light conversion agents and doped in EVA matrix. The light conversion quality confirms that DCC can not only convert ultraviolet light, but also significantly improve the transmittance of 25 %/40 % EVA, whose photosynthetic photon flux density at 400-500 nm and 600-700 nm increased to 30.67 %/30.21 % and 25.37 %/37.82 % of the blank film, respectively. After 20 h of UV irradiation (365 nm, 40 W), the fluorescence intensities of DCC films can maintain 92 % of the initial values, indicating good photostability in the doping films. This work not only provides an excellent and low-cost light conversion agent, but also has important significance for ACQ-to-AIE transformation of luminogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjin He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Function Materia, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystem, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chenwei Hu
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystem, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Function Materia, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Lei Ma
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystem, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yanjun Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Function Materia, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arzac MI, Miranda-Apodaca J, de Los Ríos A, Castanyer-Mallol F, García-Plazaola JI, Fernández-Marín B. The outstanding capacity of Prasiola antarctica to thrive in contrasting harsh environments relies on the constitutive protection of thylakoids and on morphological plasticity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:65-83. [PMID: 38608130 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The determination of physiological tolerance ranges of photosynthetic species and of the biochemical mechanisms underneath are fundamental to identify target processes and metabolites that will inspire enhanced plant management and production for the future. In this context, the terrestrial green algae within the genus Prasiola represent ideal models due to their success in harsh environments (polar tundras) and their extraordinary ecological plasticity. Here we focus on the outstanding Prasiola antarctica and compare two natural populations living in very contrasting microenvironments in Antarctica: the dry sandy substrate of a beach and the rocky bed of an ephemeral freshwater stream. Specifically, we assessed their photosynthetic performance at different temperatures, reporting for the first time gnsd values in algae and changes in thylakoid metabolites in response to extreme desiccation. Stream population showed lower α-tocopherol content and thicker cell walls and thus, lower gnsd and photosynthesis. Both populations had high temperatures for optimal photosynthesis (around +20°C) and strong constitutive tolerance to freezing and desiccation. This tolerance seems to be related to the high constitutive levels of xanthophylls and of the cylindrical lipids di- and tri-galactosyldiacylglycerol in thylakoids, very likely related to the effective protection and stability of membranes. Overall, P. antarctica shows a complex battery of constitutive and plastic protective mechanisms that enable it to thrive under harsh conditions and to acclimate to very contrasting microenvironments, respectively. Some of these anatomical and biochemical adaptations may partially limit photosynthesis, but this has a great potential to rise in a context of increasing temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miren I Arzac
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Jon Miranda-Apodaca
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Asunción de Los Ríos
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Serrano 115 dpdo, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Castanyer-Mallol
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Department of Biology, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), INAGEA, Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
| | - José I García-Plazaola
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernández-Marín
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of La Laguna (ULL), Canary Islands, 38200, La Laguna, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kosugi M, Ohtani S, Hara K, Toyoda A, Nishide H, Ozawa SI, Takahashi Y, Kashino Y, Kudoh S, Koike H, Minagawa J. Characterization of the far-red light absorbing light-harvesting chlorophyll a/ b binding complex, a derivative of the distinctive Lhca gene family in green algae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1409116. [PMID: 38916036 PMCID: PMC11194369 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1409116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Prasiola crispa, an aerial green alga, exhibits remarkable adaptability to the extreme conditions of Antarctica by forming layered colonies capable of utilizing far-red light for photosynthesis. Despite a recent report on the structure of P. crispa's unique light-harvesting chlorophyll (Chl)-binding protein complex (Pc-frLHC), which facilitates far-red light absorption and uphill excitation energy transfer to photosystem II, the specific genes encoding the subunits of Pc-frLHC have not yet been identified. Here, we report a draft genome sequence of P. crispa strain 4113, originally isolated from soil samples on Ongul Island, Antarctica. We obtained a 92 Mbp sequence distributed in 1,045 scaffolds comprising 10,244 genes, reflecting 87.1% of the core eukaryotic gene set. Notably, 26 genes associated with the light-harvesting Chl a/b binding complex (LHC) were identified, including four Pc-frLHC genes, with similarity to a noncanonical Lhca gene with four transmembrane helices, such as Ot_Lhca6 in Ostreococcus tauri and Cr_LHCA2 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. A comparative analysis revealed that Pc-frLHC shares homology with certain Lhca genes found in Coccomyxa and Trebouxia species. This similarity indicates that Pc-frLHC has evolved from an ancestral Lhca gene with four transmembrane helices and branched out within the Trebouxiaceae family. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis conducted during the initiation of Pc-frLHC gene induction under red light illumination indicated that Pc-frLHC genes were induced independently from other genes associated with photosystems or LHCs. Instead, the genes of transcription factors, helicases, chaperones, heat shock proteins, and components of blue light receptors were identified to coexpress with Pc-frLHC. Those kinds of information could provide insights into the expression mechanisms of Pc-frLHC and its evolutional development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Kosugi
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Shuji Ohtani
- Faculty of Education, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - Kojiro Hara
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Nishide
- Data Integration and Analysis Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Science, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Ozawa
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Takahashi
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Sakae Kudoh
- National Institute of Polar Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Polar Science, School of Multidisciplinary Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koike
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Minagawa
- Division of Environmental Photobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
- Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Elias E, Oliver TJ, Croce R. Oxygenic Photosynthesis in Far-Red Light: Strategies and Mechanisms. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2024; 75:231-256. [PMID: 38382567 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090722-125847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Oxygenic photosynthesis, the process that converts light energy into chemical energy, is traditionally associated with the absorption of visible light by chlorophyll molecules. However, recent studies have revealed a growing number of organisms capable of using far-red light (700-800 nm) to drive oxygenic photosynthesis. This phenomenon challenges the conventional understanding of the limits of this process. In this review, we briefly introduce the organisms that exhibit far-red photosynthesis and explore the different strategies they employ to harvest far-red light. We discuss the modifications of photosynthetic complexes and their impact on the delivery of excitation energy to photochemical centers and on overall photochemical efficiency. Finally, we examine the solutions employed to drive electron transport and water oxidation using relatively low-energy photons. The findings discussed here not only expand our knowledge of the remarkable adaptation capacities of photosynthetic organisms but also offer insights into the potential for enhancing light capture in crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Elias
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Thomas J Oliver
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Roberta Croce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Reindl AR, Wolska L, Piotrowicz-Cieślak AI, Saniewska D, Bołałek J, Saniewski M. The impact of global climate changes on trace and rare earth elements mobilization in emerging periglacial terrains: Insights from western shore of Admiralty Bay (King George Island, Antarctic). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171540. [PMID: 38492601 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
In the rapidly changing climate, the biogeochemical behaviours of trace elements and Rare Earth Elements (REEs) in emerging periglacial environments assumes profound importance. This study provides pivotal insights into this dynamic by investigating the Antarctic's response to global climate change. The bedrock of King George Island is rich in REEs, with the presence of trace metals (TEs), with the highest concentrations of metals found in ornithogenic soil (∑REE 84.01-85.53 mg∙kg-1 dry weight). REEs in the studied soil, found mainly in igneous rocks, as is indicated by the positive correlation of these elements with sodium and calcium. The TEs released as a result of weathering are leached by water flowing down local watercourses to Admiralty Bay, as indicated by the decreasing results of ∑REE = 11.59 μg∙dm-3 in watercourse water, ∑REE = 1.62 μg∙dm-3 in watercourse pools and ∑REE = 0.66 μg∙dm-3 in the water of Admiralty Bay at the outlet of the watercourse. Water originating from the melting of snow on the glacier also carried REEs (∑REE = 0.14 μg∙dm-3), a fact which suggest the further influx of these elements from atmospheric deposition. The Prasiola crispa turned out to be the most susceptible to the accumulation of REEs (∑ 80.73 ± 5.05 μg g-1) and TEs, with the exception of chromium and zinc, whose concentrations were found to be at their highest in Deschampsia antarctica. In Usnea antarctica, Xanthoria candelaria, and Ceratodon purpureus and Politrichastrum alpinum, a dominant role in the accumulation of REEs was played by HREEs. The determined enrichment factor (EF) indicates that the soil cover is a source of REEs (EFAlgae for ∑REE = 5.07; EFLichen for ∑REE = 6.65; EFBryophyta for ∑REE = 5.04; EFVascular for ∑REE = 4.38), while Ni, As and Pb accumulated in plants may originate from other sources than the soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej R Reindl
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Lidia Wolska
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka I Piotrowicz-Cieślak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dominika Saniewska
- Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdansk, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Jerzy Bołałek
- Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdansk, Gdynia, Poland
| | - Michał Saniewski
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute, Gdynia, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Napaumpaiporn P, Ogawa T, Sonoike K, Nishiyama Y. Improved capacity for the repair of photosystem II via reinforcement of the translational and antioxidation systems in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1165-1178. [PMID: 37983611 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
In the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, translation factor EF-Tu is inactivated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) via oxidation of Cys82 and the oxidation of EF-Tu enhances the inhibition of the repair of photosystem II (PSII) by suppressing protein synthesis. In our present study, we generated transformants of Synechocystis that overexpressed a mutated form of EF-Tu, designated EF-Tu (C82S), in which Cys82 had been replaced by a Ser residue, and ROS-scavenging enzymes individually or together. Expression of EF-Tu (C82S) alone in Synechocystis enhanced the repair of PSII under strong light, with the resultant mitigation of PSII photoinhibition, but it stimulated the production of ROS. However, overexpression of superoxide dismutase and catalase, together with the expression of EF-Tu (C82S), lowered intracellular levels of ROS and enhanced the repair of PSII more significantly under strong light, via facilitation of the synthesis de novo of the D1 protein. By contrast, the activity of photosystem I was hardly affected in wild-type cells and in all the lines of transformed cells under the same strong-light conditions. Furthermore, transformed cells that overexpressed EF-Tu (C82S), superoxide dismutase, and catalase were able to survive longer under stronger light than wild-type cells. Thus, the reinforced capacity for both protein synthesis and ROS scavenging allowed both photosynthesis and cell proliferation to tolerate strong light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pornpan Napaumpaiporn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Takako Ogawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Kintake Sonoike
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nishiyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
- Green Bioscience Research Area, Strategic Research Center, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Uphill energy transfer mechanism for photosynthesis in an Antarctic alga. Nat Commun 2023; 14:730. [PMID: 36792917 PMCID: PMC9931709 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36245-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Prasiola crispa, an aerial green alga, forms layered colonies under the severe terrestrial conditions of Antarctica. Since only far-red light is available at a deep layer of the colony, P. crispa has evolved a molecular system for photosystem II (PSII) excitation using far-red light with uphill energy transfer. However, the molecular basis underlying this system remains elusive. Here, we purified a light-harvesting chlorophyll (Chl)-binding protein complex from P. crispa (Pc-frLHC) that excites PSII with far-red light and revealed its ring-shaped structure with undecameric 11-fold symmetry at 3.13 Å resolution. The primary structure suggests that Pc-frLHC evolved from LHCI rather than LHCII. The circular arrangement of the Pc-frLHC subunits is unique among eukaryote LHCs and forms unprecedented Chl pentamers at every subunit‒subunit interface near the excitation energy exit sites. The Chl pentamers probably contribute to far-red light absorption. Pc-frLHC's unique Chl arrangement likely promotes PSII excitation with entropy-driven uphill excitation energy transfer.
Collapse
|
8
|
Saito K, Mitsuhashi K, Tamura H, Ishikita H. Quantum mechanical analysis of excitation energy transfer couplings in photosystem II. Biophys J 2023; 122:470-483. [PMID: 36609140 PMCID: PMC9941724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated excitation energy transfer (EET) coupling (J) between all pairs of chlorophylls (Chls) and pheophytins (Pheos) in the protein environment of photosystem II based on the time-dependent density functional theory with a quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics approach. In the reaction center, the EET coupling between Chls PD1 and PD2 is weaker (|J(PD1/PD2)| = 79 cm-1), irrespective of a short edge-to-edge distance of 3.6 Å (Mg-to-Mg distance of 8.1 Å), than the couplings between PD1 and the accessory ChlD1 (|J(PD1/ChlD2)| = 104 cm-1) and between PD2 and ChlD2 (|J(PD2/ChlD1)| = 101 cm-1), suggesting that PD1 and PD2 are two monomeric Chls rather than a "special pair". There exist strongly coupled Chl pairs (|J| > ∼100 cm-1) in the CP47 and CP43 core antennas, which may be candidates for the red-shifted Chls observed in spectroscopic studies. In CP47 and CP43, Chls ligated to CP47-His26 and CP43-His56, which are located in the middle layer of the thylakoid membrane, play a role in the "hub" that mediates the EET from the lumenal to stromal layers. In the stromal layer, Chls ligated to CP47-His466, CP43-His441, and CP43-His444 mediate the EET from CP47 to ChlD2/PheoD2 and from CP43 to ChlD1/PheoD1 in the reaction center. Thus, the excitation energy from both CP47 and CP43 can always be utilized for the charge-separation reaction in the reaction center.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koji Mitsuhashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ishikita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xiong E, Zhang C, Ye C, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Chen F, Dong G, Zeng D, Yu Y, Wu L. iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of rice formyl tetrahydrofolate deformylase in salt response. PLANTA 2021; 254:76. [PMID: 34533642 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A new molecular mechanism of tetrahydrofolate deformylase involved in the salt response presumably affects mitochondrial and chloroplast function by regulating energy metabolism and accumulation of reactive oxygen species. High salinity severely restrains plant growth and development, consequently leading to a reduction in grain yield. It is therefore critical to identify the components involved in plant salt resistance. In our previous study, we identified a rice leaf early-senescence mutant hpa1, which encodes a formyl tetrahydrofolate deformylase (Xiong et al. in Sci China Life Sci 64(5):720-738, 2021). Here, we report that HPA1 also plays a role in the salt response. To explore the molecular mechanism of HPA1 in salt resistance, we attempted to identify the differentially expressed proteins between wild type and hpa1 mutant for salinity treatment using an iTRAQ-based comparative protein quantification approach. A total of 4598 proteins were identified, of which 279 were significantly altered, including 177 up- and 102 down-regulated proteins. A functional analysis suggested that the 279 differentially expressed proteins are involved mainly in the regulation of oxidative phosphorylation, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, photosynthesis, posttranslational modifications, protein turnover and energy metabolism. Moreover, a deficiency in HPA1 impaired chlorophyll metabolism and photosynthesis in chloroplasts and affected the electron flow of the electron transport chain in mitochondria. These changes led to abnormal energy metabolism and accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which may affect the permeability and integrity of cell membranes, leading to cell death. In addition, the results were verified by transcriptional or physiological experiments. Our results provide an insight into a new molecular mechanism of the tetrahydrofolate cycle protein formyl tetrahydrofolate deformylase, which is involved in the salt response, presumably by affecting mitochondrial and chloroplast function regulating energy metabolism and accumulation of reactive oxygen species under salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erhui Xiong
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Chenxi Ye
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yaohuang Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Fei Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Guojun Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dali Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanchun Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Limin Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Komatsu Y, Takizawa K. A quantum chemical study on the effects of varying the central metal in extended photosynthetic pigments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14404-14414. [PMID: 34180470 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00760b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In a certain period of Earth's history, chlorophylls with Mg as their central metal would have been selected as the major photosynthetic pigments, reflecting the radiation in habitats. Assuming evolution in different light and material environments, different photosynthetic pigments would occur. This study is the first attempt to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of model photosynthetic pigments and their potential to function in a variety of light environments using quantum chemistry calculations. Specifically, bacteriochlorophyll b (Bchl b), phthalocyanine (Pht) and meso-dibenzoporphycene (mDBPc) were selected as template molecules, while Be, Mg, Ca, Ni, Zn, Sr, Pd, Cd, Ba, Pt, Hg, Pb and H2 were examined as the central metals in each molecule in various solvents. The results showed that the light absorption by each of these compounds varied over a range of 100 nm depending on the central metal and the surrounding solvent, and Pb produced the largest red shift in the absorption bands of all three photosynthetic pigments. The Pht molecules showed similar redox properties to the chlorophylls, suggesting that these derivatives could be substituted for the special pairs in reaction centers, while the mDBPc molecules appear to be more suitable as accessory pigments due to their extraordinarily broad absorption ranges of approximately 500 nm depending on the conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Komatsu
- AstroBiology Center, Osawa 2-21-1, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan. and National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Osawa 2-21-1, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Takizawa
- AstroBiology Center, Osawa 2-21-1, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan. and National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|