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Coles CA, Woodman KG, Gibbs EM, Crosbie RH, White JD, Lamandé SR. Benfotiamine improves dystrophic pathology and exercise capacity in mdx mice by reducing inflammation and fibrosis. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:1339-1355. [PMID: 38710523 PMCID: PMC11262745 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive and fatal neuromuscular disease. Cycles of myofibre degeneration and regeneration are hallmarks of the disease where immune cells infiltrate to repair damaged skeletal muscle. Benfotiamine is a lipid soluble precursor to thiamine, shown clinically to reduce inflammation in diabetic related complications. We assessed whether benfotiamine administration could reduce inflammation related dystrophic pathology. Benfotiamine (10 mg/kg/day) was fed to male mdx mice (n = 7) for 15 weeks from 4 weeks of age. Treated mice had an increased growth weight (5-7 weeks) and myofibre size at treatment completion. Markers of dystrophic pathology (area of damaged necrotic tissue, central nuclei) were reduced in benfotiamine mdx quadriceps. Grip strength was increased and improved exercise capacity was found in mdx treated with benfotiamine for 12 weeks, before being placed into individual cages and allowed access to an exercise wheel for 3 weeks. Global gene expression profiling (RNAseq) in the gastrocnemius revealed benfotiamine regulated signalling pathways relevant to dystrophic pathology (Inflammatory Response, Myogenesis) and fibrotic gene markers (Col1a1, Col1a2, Col4a5, Col5a2, Col6a2, Col6a2, Col6a3, Lum) towards wildtype levels. In addition, we observed a reduction in gene expression of inflammatory gene markers in the quadriceps (Emr1, Cd163, Cd4, Cd8, Ifng). Overall, these data suggest that benfotiamine reduces dystrophic pathology by acting on inflammatory and fibrotic gene markers and signalling pathways. Given benfotiamine's excellent safety profile and current clinical use, it could be used in combination with glucocorticoids to treat DMD patients.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Fibrosis/drug therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/drug therapy
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/physiopathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Inflammation/drug therapy
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Male
- Thiamine/analogs & derivatives
- Thiamine/pharmacology
- Physical Conditioning, Animal
- Disease Models, Animal
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal A Coles
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Keryn G Woodman
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Genetics, Yale Medical School, Yale University, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Gibbs
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, 612 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles 90095, California, USA
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, University of California, 615 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles 90095, California, USA
| | - Rachelle H Crosbie
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, 612 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles 90095, California, USA
- Center for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, University of California, 615 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles 90095, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Jason D White
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Charles Sturt University, Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor Research, Boorooma Street, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Shireen R Lamandé
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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2
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Akat A, Karaöz E. Cell Therapy Strategies on Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Systematic Review of Clinical Applications. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:138-158. [PMID: 37955832 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is an inherited genetic disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of muscle tissue, leading to functional disability and premature death. Despite extensive research efforts, the discovery of a cure for DMD continues to be elusive, emphasizing the need to investigate novel treatment approaches. Cellular therapies have emerged as prospective approaches to address the underlying pathophysiology of DMD. This review provides an examination of the present situation regarding cell-based therapies, including CD133 + cells, muscle precursor cells, mesoangioblasts, bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells, mesenchymal stem cells, cardiosphere-derived cells, and dystrophin-expressing chimeric cells. A total of 12 studies were found eligible to be included as they were completed cell therapy clinical trials, clinical applications, or case reports with quantitative results. The evaluation encompassed an examination of limitations and potential advancements in this particular area of research, along with an assessment of the safety and effectiveness of cell-based therapies in the context of DMD. In general, the available data indicates that diverse cell therapy approaches may present a new, safe, and efficacious treatment modality for patients diagnosed with DMD. However, further studies are required to comprehensively understand the most advantageous treatment approach and therapeutic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayberk Akat
- Life Park Hospital, Cellular and Biological Products Manufacturing Center, Ragıp Kenan Sok. No:8, Ortakoy, 99010, Nicosia (Lefkosa), Cyprus.
| | - Erdal Karaöz
- Liv Hospital Ulus, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Center, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Fibrous Protein Composite Scaffolds (3D) for Tissue Regeneration: An in vitro Study on Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Zheng YY, Wang Y, Chen X, Wei LS, Wang H, Tao T, Zhou YW, Jiang ZH, Qiu TT, Sun ZY, Sun J, Wang P, Zhao W, Li YQ, Chen HQ, Zhu MS, Zhang XN. The thymus regulates skeletal muscle regeneration by directly promoting satellite cell expansion. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101516. [PMID: 34942145 PMCID: PMC8752954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The thymus is the central immune organ, but it is known to progressively degenerate with age. As thymus degeneration is paralleled by the wasting of aging skeletal muscle, we speculated that the thymus may play a role in muscle wasting. Here, using thymectomized mice, we show that the thymus is necessary for skeletal muscle regeneration, a process tightly associated with muscle aging. Compared to control mice, the thymectomized mice displayed comparable growth of muscle mass, but decreased muscle regeneration in response to injury, as evidenced by small and sparse regenerative myofibers along with inhibited expression of regeneration-associated genes myh3, myod and myogenin. Using Pax7 immunofluorescence staining and BrdU incorporation assay, we determined that the decreased regeneration capacity was caused by a limited satellite cell pool. Interestingly, the conditioned culture medium of isolated thymocytes (TCMs) had a potent capacity to directly stimulate satellite cell expansion in vitro. These expanded cells were enriched in subpopulations of quiescent satellite cells (Pax7highMyoDlowEdUpos) and activated satellite cells (Pax7highMyoDhighEdUpos), which were efficiently incorporated into the regenerative myofibers. We thus propose that the thymus plays an essential role in muscle regeneration by directly promoting satellite cell expansion and may function profoundly in the muscle aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Li-Sha Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Tao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Yu-Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Tian-Tian Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Ye-Qiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Hua-Qun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
| | - Min-Sheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China.
| | - Xue-Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center of Medical School and Gulou Hospital affiliated Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China.
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5
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Singh S, Singh T, Kunja C, Dhoat NS, Dhania NK. Gene-editing, immunological and iPSCs based therapeutics for muscular dystrophy. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174568. [PMID: 34656607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophy is a well-known genetically heterogeneous group of rare muscle disorders. This progressive disease causes the breakdown of skeletal muscles over time and leads to grave weakness. This breakdown is caused by a diverse pattern of mutations in dystrophin and dystrophin associated protein complex. These mutations lead to the production of altered proteins in response to which, the body stimulates production of various cytokines and immune cells, particularly reactive oxygen species and NFκB. Immune cells display/exhibit a dual role by inducing muscle damage and muscle repair. Various anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory and glucocorticoid drugs serve as potent therapeutics for muscular dystrophy. Along with the above mentioned therapeutics, induced pluripotent stem cells also serve as a novel approach paving a way for personalized treatment. These pluripotent stem cells allow regeneration of large numbers of regenerative myogenic progenitors that can be administered in muscular dystrophy patients which assist in the recovery of lost muscle fibers. In this review, we have summarized gene-editing, immunological and induced pluripotent stem cell based therapeutics for muscular dystrophy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda-151001, Punjab, India
| | - Tejpal Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda-151001, Punjab, India
| | - Chaitanya Kunja
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda-151001, Punjab, India
| | - Navdeep S Dhoat
- Department of Pediatrics Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Narender K Dhania
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda-151001, Punjab, India.
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6
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Alarcin E, Bal-Öztürk A, Avci H, Ghorbanpoor H, Dogan Guzel F, Akpek A, Yesiltas G, Canak-Ipek T, Avci-Adali M. Current Strategies for the Regeneration of Skeletal Muscle Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5929. [PMID: 34072959 PMCID: PMC8198586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injuries, tumor resections, and degenerative diseases can damage skeletal muscle and lead to functional impairment and severe disability. Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process that depends on various cell types, signaling molecules, architectural cues, and physicochemical properties to be successful. To promote muscle repair and regeneration, various strategies for skeletal muscle tissue engineering have been developed in the last decades. However, there is still a high demand for the development of new methods and materials that promote skeletal muscle repair and functional regeneration to bring approaches closer to therapies in the clinic that structurally and functionally repair muscle. The combination of stem cells, biomaterials, and biomolecules is used to induce skeletal muscle regeneration. In this review, we provide an overview of different cell types used to treat skeletal muscle injury, highlight current strategies in biomaterial-based approaches, the importance of topography for the successful creation of functional striated muscle fibers, and discuss novel methods for muscle regeneration and challenges for their future clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Alarcin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, 34854 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Ayca Bal-Öztürk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey;
- Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Health Sciences, Istinye University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Avci
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey;
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Research Center, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey
- AvciBio Research Group, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey;
- Translational Medicine Research and Clinical Center, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Hamed Ghorbanpoor
- AvciBio Research Group, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, 06010 Ankara, Turkey;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Dogan Guzel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, 06010 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Ali Akpek
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey; (A.A.); (G.Y.)
| | - Gözde Yesiltas
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey; (A.A.); (G.Y.)
| | - Tuba Canak-Ipek
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
| | - Meltem Avci-Adali
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Calwerstraße 7/1, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
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7
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Co-Transplantation of Bone Marrow-MSCs and Myogenic Stem/Progenitor Cells from Adult Donors Improves Muscle Function of Patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051119. [PMID: 32365922 PMCID: PMC7290387 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder associated with a progressive deficiency of dystrophin that leads to skeletal muscle degeneration. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a co-transplantation of two stem/progenitor cell populations, namely bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and skeletal muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells (SM-SPCs), directly into the dystrophic muscle can improve the skeletal muscle function of DMD patients. Three patients diagnosed with DMD, confirmed by the dystrophin gene mutation, were enrolled into a study approved by the local Bioethics Committee (no. 79/2015). Stem/progenitor cells collected from bone marrow and skeletal muscles of related healthy donors, based on HLA matched antigens, were expanded in a closed MC3 cell culture system. A simultaneous co‑transplantation of BM-MSCs and SM-SPCs was performed directly into the biceps brachii (two patients) and gastrocnemius (one patient). During a six‑month follow‑up, the patients were examined with electromyography (EMG) and monitored for blood kinase creatine level. Muscle biopsies were examined with histology and assessed for dystrophin at the mRNA and protein level. A panel of 27 cytokines was analysed with multiplex ELISA. We did not observe any adverse effects after the intramuscular administration of cells. The efficacy of BM‑MSC and SM‑SPC application was confirmed through an EMG assessment by an increase in motor unit parameters, especially in terms of duration, amplitude range, area, and size index. The beneficial effect of cellular therapy was confirmed by a decrease in creatine kinase levels and a normalised profile of pro-inflammatory cytokines. BM-MSCs may support the pro-regenerative potential of SM-SPCs thanks to their trophic, paracrine, and immunomodulatory activity. Both applied cell populations may fuse with degenerating skeletal muscle fibres in situ, facilitating skeletal muscle recovery. However, further studies are required to optimise the dose and timing of stem/progenitor cell delivery.
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8
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Lin C, Han G, Ning H, Song J, Ran N, Yi X, Seow Y, Yin H. Glycine Enhances Satellite Cell Proliferation, Cell Transplantation, and Oligonucleotide Efficacy in Dystrophic Muscle. Mol Ther 2020; 28:1339-1358. [PMID: 32209436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The need to distribute therapy evenly systemically throughout the large muscle volume within the body makes Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) therapy a challenge. Cell and exon-skipping therapies are promising but have limited effects, and thus enhancing their therapeutic potency is of paramount importance to increase the accessibility of these therapies to DMD patients. In this study, we demonstrate that co-administered glycine improves phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO) potency in mdx mice with marked functional improvement and an up to 50-fold increase of dystrophin in abdominal muscles compared to PMO in saline. Glycine boosts satellite cell proliferation and muscle regeneration by increasing activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and replenishing the one-carbon unit pool. The expanded regenerating myofiber population then results in increased PMO uptake. Glycine also augments the transplantation efficiency of exogenous satellite cells and primary myoblasts in mdx mice. Our data provide evidence that glycine enhances satellite cell proliferation, cell transplantation, and oligonucleotide efficacy in mdx mice, and thus it has therapeutic utility for cell therapy and drug delivery in muscle-wasting diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caorui Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Gang Han
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Guangdong Road, Tianjin 300203, China
| | - Hanhan Ning
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jun Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ning Ran
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xianfu Yi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiqi Seow
- Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institutes, Agency for Science Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - HaiFang Yin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China.
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9
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Stem Cell Aging in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051830. [PMID: 32155842 PMCID: PMC7084237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle comprises 30-40% of the weight of a healthy human body and is required for voluntary movements in humans. Mature skeletal muscle is formed by multinuclear cells, which are called myofibers. Formation of myofibers depends on the proliferation, differentiation, and fusion of muscle progenitor cells during development and after injury. Muscle progenitor cells are derived from muscle satellite (stem) cells (MuSCs), which reside on the surface of the myofiber but beneath the basement membrane. MuSCs play a central role in postnatal maintenance, growth, repair, and regeneration of skeletal muscle. In sedentary adult muscle, MuSCs are mitotically quiescent, but are promptly activated in response to muscle injury. Physiological and chronological aging induces MuSC aging, leading to an impaired regenerative capability. Importantly, in pathological situations, repetitive muscle injury induces early impairment of MuSCs due to stem cell aging and leads to early impairment of regeneration ability. In this review, we discuss (1) the role of MuSCs in muscle regeneration, (2) stem cell aging under physiological and pathological conditions, and (3) prospects related to clinical applications of controlling MuSCs.
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10
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Taheri F, Taghizadeh E, Pour MJR, Rostami D, Renani PG, Rastgar-Moghadam A, Hayat SMG. Limb-girdle Muscular Dystrophy and Therapy: Insights into Cell and Gene-based Approaches. Curr Gene Ther 2020; 19:386-394. [PMID: 32067617 DOI: 10.2174/1566523220666200218113526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies (LGMD) are genetically heterogeneous disorders, responsible for muscle wasting and severe form of dystrophies. Despite the critical developments in the insight and information of pathomechanisms of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, any definitive treatments do not exist, and current strategies are only based on the improvement of the signs of disorder and to enhance the life quality without resolving an underlying cause. There is a crucial relationship between pharmacological therapy and different consequences; therefore, other treatment strategies will be required. New approaches, such as gene replacement, gene transfer, exon skipping, siRNA knockdown, and anti-myostatin therapy, which can target specific cellular or molecular mechanism of LGMD, could be a promising avenue for the treatment. Recently, genome engineering strategies with a focus on molecular tools such as CRISPR-Cas9 are used to different types of neuromuscular disorders and show the highest potential for clinical translation of these therapies. Thus, recent advancements and challenges in the field will be reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Taheri
- Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Eskandar Taghizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad J R Pour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad-Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Daryoush Rostami
- Department of School Allied, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Pedram G Renani
- Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Azam Rastgar-Moghadam
- Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed M G Hayat
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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11
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Abstract
Skeletal muscle cells contain hundreds of myonuclei within a shared cytoplasm, presenting unique challenges for regulating gene expression. Certain transcriptional programs (e.g., postsynaptic machinery) are segregated to specialized domains, while others (e.g., contractile proteins) do not show spatial confinement. Furthermore, local stimuli, such as denervation, can induce transcriptional responses that are propagated along the muscle cells. Regulated transport of nuclear proteins (e.g., transcription factors) between myonuclei represents a potential mechanism for coordinating gene expression. However, the principles underlying the transport of nuclear proteins within multinucleated cells remain poorly defined. Here we used a mosaic transfection model to create myotubes that contained exactly one myonucleus expressing a fluorescent nuclear reporter and monitored its distribution among all myonuclei. We found that the transport properties of these model nuclear proteins in myotubes depended on molecular weight and nuclear import rate, as well as on myotube width. Interestingly, muscle hypertrophy increased the transport of high molecular weight nuclear proteins, while atrophy restricted the transport of smaller nuclear proteins. We have developed a mathematical model of nuclear protein transport within a myotube that recapitulates the results of our in vitro experiments. To test the relevance to nuclear proteins expressed in skeletal muscle, we studied the transport of two transcription factors-aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator and sine oculis homeobox 1-and found that their distributions were similar to the reporter proteins with corresponding molecular weights. Together, these results define a set of variables that can be used to predict the spatial distributions of nuclear proteins within a myotube.
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12
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Liu X, Gao Y, Long X, Hayashi T, Mizuno K, Hattori S, Fujisaki H, Ogura T, Wang DO, Ikejima T. Type I collagen promotes the migration and myogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblastsviathe release of interleukin-6 mediated by FAK/NF-κB p65 activation. Food Funct 2020; 11:328-338. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01346f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Type I collagen has the potential to promote the migration and differentiation of C2C12myoblastviaIL-6 release that was mediated by FAK/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang, 110016
- China
| | - Yanfang Gao
- Wuya College of Innovation
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang, 110016
- China
| | - Xinyu Long
- Wuya College of Innovation
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang, 110016
- China
| | - Toshihiko Hayashi
- Wuya College of Innovation
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang, 110016
- China
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science
| | | | | | | | | | - Dan Ohtan Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang, 110016
- China
| | - Takashi Ikejima
- Wuya College of Innovation
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang, 110016
- China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development
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13
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Abstract
Muscle stem cells, or satellite cells, are required for skeletal muscle maintenance, growth, and repair. Following satellite cell activation, several factors drive asymmetric cell division to generate a stem cell and a proliferative progenitor that forms new muscle. The balance between symmetric self-renewal and asymmetric division significantly impacts the efficiency of regeneration. In this Review, we discuss the relationship of satellite cell heterogeneity and the establishment of polarity to asymmetric division, as well as how these processes are impacted in homeostasis, aging, and disease. We also highlight therapeutic opportunities for targeting satellite cell polarity and self-renewal to stimulate muscle regeneration.
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14
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Al-Dabbagh S, McPhee JS, Piasecki M, Stewart CE, Al-Shanti N. Soluble Factors Released From Activated T Lymphocytes Regulate C2C12 Myoblast Proliferation and Cellular Signaling, but Effects Are Blunted in the Elderly. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:1375-1385. [PMID: 30329021 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The key objective of this work was to investigate the impact of young and old human lymphocyte secretomes on C2C12 myoblasts regeneration. Conditioned media were harvested from isolated young and older lymphocytes treated with (activated [AC]) or without (nonactivated [NA]), anti-CD3/CD28 activators for 4 days. AC conditioned media from older lymphocytes had decreased levels of amphiregulin (367 ± 208 pg/mL vs 904 ± 323 pg/mL; p = .018) and IGF-I (845 ± 88 ng/mL vs 1100 ± 48 ng/mL; p = .032) compared with younger AC lymphocytes. AC older versus younger lymphocytes had reduced expression of CD25 (24.6 ± 5.5%; p = .0003) and increased expression of FoxP3 (35 ± 15.7%; p = .032). Treatment of C2C12 myoblasts with young AC lymphocytes resulted in decreased expression of MyoD (0.46 ± 0.12; p =.004) and Myogenin (0.34 ± 0.05; p = .010) mRNA, increased activation of MEk1 (724 ± 140 mean fluorescent intensity [MFI]; p =.001) and ERK1/2 (3768 ± 314 MFI; p =.001), and a decreased activation of Akt (74.5 ± 4 MFI; p = .009) and mTOR (61.8 ± 7 MFI; p = .001) compared with old AC lymphocytes. By contrast, C2C12 myoblasts treated with older AC lymphocytes displayed increased expression of MyoD (0.7 ± 0.08; p =.004) and Myogenin (0.68 ± 0.05; p =.010) mRNA, decreased phosphorylation of MEk1 and ERK1/2 (528 ± 80 MFI; p = .008, and 1141 ± 668 MFI; p = .001, respectively), and increased Akt/mTOR activation (171 ± 35 MFI; p = .009, and 184 ± 33 MFI; p = .001, respectively). These data provide new evidence that differences between older and younger lymphocyte secretomes contribute to differential responses of C2C12 myoblasts in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Al-Dabbagh
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University
| | - Jamie S McPhee
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University
| | - Mathew Piasecki
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham
| | - Claire E Stewart
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University
| | - Nasser Al-Shanti
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University
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15
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Carmen L, Maria V, Morales-Medina JC, Vallelunga A, Palmieri B, Iannitti T. Role of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Glycobiology 2019; 29:110-123. [PMID: 29924302 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an inherited fatal X-linked myogenic disorder with a prevalence of 1 in 3500 male live births. It affects voluntary muscles, and heart and breathing muscles. DMD is characterized by continuous degeneration and regeneration cycles resulting in extensive fibrosis and a progressive reduction in muscle mass. Since the identification of a reduction in dystrophin protein as the cause of this disorder, numerous innovative and experimental therapies, focusing on increasing the levels of dystrophin, have been proposed, but the clinical improvement has been unsatisfactory. Dystrophin forms the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex and its proteins have been studied as a promising novel therapeutic target to treat DMD. Among these proteins, cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are found almost ubiquitously on the surface and in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of mammalian cells. These macromolecules interact with numerous ligands, including ECM constituents, adhesion molecules and growth factors that play a crucial role in muscle development and maintenance. In this article, we have reviewed in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies focused on the functional role of GAGs in the pathophysiology of DMD with the final aim of summarizing the state of the art of GAG dysregulation within the ECM in DMD and discussing future therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurino Carmen
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Modena, Italy
| | - Vadala' Maria
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Modena, Italy
| | - Julio Cesar Morales-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, CP, AP 62, Mexico
| | - Annamaria Vallelunga
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Beniamino Palmieri
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Medical School, Surgical Clinic, Modena, Italy
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16
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Chiappalupi S, Salvadori L, Luca G, Riuzzi F, Calafiore R, Donato R, Sorci G. Do porcine Sertoli cells represent an opportunity for Duchenne muscular dystrophy? Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12599. [PMID: 30912260 PMCID: PMC6536415 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sertoli cells (SeC) are responsible for the immunoprivileged status of the testis thanks to which allogeneic or xenogeneic engraftments can survive without pharmacological immune suppression if co‐injected with SeC. This peculiar ability of SeC is dependent on secretion of a plethora of factors including maturation factors, hormones, growth factors, cytokines and immunomodulatory factors. The anti‐inflammatory and trophic properties of SeC have been largely exploited in several experimental models of diseases, diabetes being the most studied. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal X‐linked recessive pathology in which lack of functional dystrophin leads to progressive muscle degeneration culminating in loss of locomotion and premature death. Despite a huge effort to find a cure, DMD patients are currently treated with anti‐inflammatory steroids. Recently, encapsulated porcine SeC (MC‐SeC) have been injected ip in the absence of immunosuppression in an animal model of DMD resulting in reduction of muscle inflammation and amelioration of muscle morphology and functionality, thus opening an additional avenue in the treatment of DMD. The novel protocol is endowed with the advantage of being potentially applicable to all the cohort of DMD patients regardless of the mutation. This mini‐review addresses several issues linked to the possible use of MC‐SeC injected ip in dystrophic people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Chiappalupi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), Perugia, Italy
| | - Laura Salvadori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Riuzzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Rosario Donato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), Perugia, Italy.,Centro Universitario di Ricerca sulla Genomica Funzionale, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Sorci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), Perugia, Italy.,Centro Universitario di Ricerca sulla Genomica Funzionale, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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17
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a spectrum of muscle disorders, which are caused by a number of gene mutations. The studies of MDs are limited due to lack of appropriate models, except for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), and certain type of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD). Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies are emerging to offer a useful model for mechanistic studies, drug discovery, and cell-based therapy to supplement in vivo animal models. This review will focus on current applications of iPSC as disease models of MDs for studies of pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic development. Recent Findings Many and more human disease-specific iPSCs have been or being established, which carry the natural mutation of MDs with human genomic background. These iPSCs can be differentiated into specific cell types affected in a particular MDs such as skeletal muscle progenitor cells, skeletal muscle fibers, and cardiomyocytes. Human iPSCs are particularly useful for studies of the pathogenicity at the early stage or developmental phase of MDs. High-throughput screening using disease-specific human iPSCs has become a powerful technology in drug discovery. While MD iPSCs have been generated for cell-based replacement therapy, recent advances in genome editing technologies enabled correction of genetic mutations in these cells in culture, raising hope for in vivo genome therapy, which offers a fundamental cure for these daunting inherited MDs. Summary Human disease-specific iPSC models for MDs are emerging as an additional tool to current disease models for elucidating disease mechanisms and developing therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbin Xia
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Naohiro Terada
- Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Tetsuo Ashizawa
- Houston Methodist Neurological Institute and Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave R11-117, Houston, TX USA
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18
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Rouillon J, Lefebvre T, Denard J, Puy V, Daher R, Ausseil J, Zocevic A, Fogel P, Peoc'h K, Wong B, Servais L, Voit T, Puy H, Karim Z, Svinartchouk F. High urinary ferritin reflects myoglobin iron evacuation in DMD patients. Neuromuscul Disord 2018; 28:564-571. [PMID: 29776718 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene leading to the absence of the normal dystrophin protein. The efforts of many laboratories brought new treatments of DMD to the reality, but ongoing and forthcoming clinical trials suffer from absence of valuable biomarkers permitting to follow the outcome of the treatment day by day and to adjust the treatment if needed. In the present study the levels of 128 urinary proteins including growth factors, cytokines and chemokines were compared in urine of DMD patients and age related control subjects by antibody array approach. Surprisingly, statistically significant difference was observed only for urinary ferritin whose level was 50 times higher in young DMD patients. To explain the observed high urinary ferritin content we analysed the levels of iron, iron containing proteins and proteins involved in regulation of iron metabolism in serum and urine of DMD patients and their age-matched healthy controls. Obtained data strongly suggest that elevated level of urinary ferritin is functionally linked to the renal management of myoglobin iron derived from leaky muscles of DMD patients. This first observation of the high level of ferritin in urine of DMD patients permits to consider this protein as a new urinary biomarker in muscular dystrophies and sheds light on the mechanisms of iron metabolism and kidney functioning in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thibaud Lefebvre
- INSERM U1149 CNRS ERL 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, site Bichat, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris, France; Laboratory of excellence, GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | | | - Vincent Puy
- Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Amiens, F-80054 Amiens, France
| | - Raed Daher
- INSERM U1149 CNRS ERL 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, site Bichat, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris, France; Laboratory of excellence, GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Ausseil
- Unité INSERM U1088, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU Amiens, F-80054 Amiens, France
| | | | | | - Katell Peoc'h
- INSERM U1149 CNRS ERL 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, site Bichat, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Brenda Wong
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, USA
| | - Laurent Servais
- Service of Clinical Trials and Databases, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Voit
- University College London, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Herve Puy
- INSERM U1149 CNRS ERL 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, site Bichat, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris, France; Laboratory of excellence, GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Zoubida Karim
- INSERM U1149 CNRS ERL 8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'inflammation, Université Paris Diderot, site Bichat, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris, France; Laboratory of excellence, GR-Ex, Paris, France
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19
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Muscle Stem/Progenitor Cells and Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Bone Marrow Origin for Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in Muscular Dystrophies. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2018. [PMID: 29536116 PMCID: PMC6154032 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-018-0509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies represent a group of diseases which may develop in several forms, and severity of the disease is usually associated with gene mutations. In skeletal muscle regeneration and in muscular dystrophies, both innate and adaptive immune responses are involved. The regenerative potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) of bone marrow origin was confirmed by the ability to differentiate into diverse tissues and by their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties by secretion of a variety of growth factors and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Skeletal muscle comprises different types of stem/progenitor cells such as satellite cells and non-satellite stem cells including MSCs, interstitial stem cells positive for stress mediator PW1 expression and negative for PAX7 called PICs (PW1+/PAX7− interstitial cells), fibro/adipogenic progenitors/mesenchymal stem cells, muscle side population cells and muscle resident pericytes, and all of them actively participate in the muscle regeneration process. In this review, we present biological properties of MSCs of bone marrow origin and a heterogeneous population of muscle-resident stem/progenitor cells, their interaction with the inflammatory environment of dystrophic muscle and potential implications for cellular therapies for muscle regeneration. Subsequently, we propose—based on current research results, conclusions, and our own experience—hypothetical mechanisms for modulation of the complete muscle regeneration process to treat muscular dystrophies.
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20
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Cottle BJ, Lewis FC, Shone V, Ellison-Hughes GM. Skeletal muscle-derived interstitial progenitor cells (PICs) display stem cell properties, being clonogenic, self-renewing, and multi-potent in vitro and in vivo. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:158. [PMID: 28676130 PMCID: PMC5496597 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of cellular therapies to treat muscle wastage with disease or age is paramount. Resident muscle satellite cells are not currently regarded as a viable cell source due to their limited migration and growth capability ex vivo. This study investigated the potential of muscle-derived PW1+/Pax7- interstitial progenitor cells (PICs) as a source of tissue-specific stem/progenitor cells with stem cell properties and multipotency. METHODS Sca-1+/PW1+ PICs were identified on tissue sections from hind limb muscle of 21-day-old mice, isolated by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) technology and their phenotype and characteristics assessed over time in culture. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labelled PICs were used to determine multipotency in vivo in a tumour formation assay. RESULTS Isolated PICs expressed markers of pluripotency (Oct3/4, Sox2, and Nanog), were clonogenic, and self-renewing with >60 population doublings, and a population doubling time of 15.8 ± 2.9 h. PICs demonstrated an ability to generate both striated and smooth muscle, whilst also displaying the potential to differentiate into cell types of the three germ layers both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, PICs did not form tumours in vivo. CONCLUSION These findings open new avenues for a variety of solid tissue engineering and regeneration approaches, utilising a single multipotent stem cell type isolated from an easily accessible source such as skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley J Cottle
- Centre of Human & Aerospace Physiological Sciences & Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Shepherd's House, Rm 4.16, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Fiona C Lewis
- Centre of Human & Aerospace Physiological Sciences & Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Shepherd's House, Rm 4.16, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Victoria Shone
- Centre of Human & Aerospace Physiological Sciences & Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Shepherd's House, Rm 4.16, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Georgina M Ellison-Hughes
- Centre of Human & Aerospace Physiological Sciences & Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Shepherd's House, Rm 4.16, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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21
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Shehata AS, Al-Ghonemy NM, Ahmed SM, Mohamed SR. Effect of mesenchymal stem cells on induced skeletal muscle chemodenervation atrophy in adult male albino rats. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 85:135-148. [PMID: 28232107 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present research was conducted to evaluate the effect of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) as a potential therapeutic tool for improvement of skeletal muscle recovery after induced chemodenervation atrophy by repeated local injection of botulinum toxin-A in the right tibialis anterior muscle of adult male albino rats. Forty five adult Wistar male albino rats were classified into control and experimental groups. Experimental group was further subdivided into 3 equal subgroups; induced atrophy, BM-MSCs treated and recovery groups. Biochemical analysis of serum LDH, CK and Real-time PCR for Bcl-2, caspase 3 and caspase 9 was measured. Skeletal muscle sections were stained with H and E, Mallory trichrome, and Immunohistochemical reaction for Bax and CD34. Improvement in the skeletal muscle histological structure was noticed in BM-MSCs treated group, however, in the recovery group, some sections showed apparent transverse striations and others still affected. Immunohistochemical reaction of Bax protein showed strong positive immunoreaction in the cytoplasm of muscle fibers in the induced atrophy group. BM-MSCs treated group showed weak positive reaction while the recovery group showed moderate reaction in the cytoplasm of muscle fibers. Immunohistochemical reaction for CD34 revealed occasional positive CD34 stained cells in the induced atrophy group. In BM-MSCs treated group, multiple positive CD34 stained cells were detected. However, recovery group showed some positive CD34 stained cells at the periphery of the muscle fibers. Marked improvement in the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscles after BM-MSCs therapy. Hence, stem cell therapy provides a new hope for patients suffering from myopathies and severe injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samah M Ahmed
- Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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22
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Cirillo F, Resmini G, Ghiroldi A, Piccoli M, Bergante S, Tettamanti G, Anastasia L. Activation of the hypoxia‐inducible factor 1a promotes myogenesis through the noncanonical Wnt pathway, leading to hypertrophic myotubes. FASEB J 2017; 31:2146-2156. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600878r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cirillo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue EngineeringIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San DonatoMilanItaly
| | - Giulia Resmini
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue EngineeringIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San DonatoMilanItaly
| | - Andrea Ghiroldi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue EngineeringIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San DonatoMilanItaly
| | - Marco Piccoli
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue EngineeringIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San DonatoMilanItaly
| | - Sonia Bergante
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue EngineeringIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San DonatoMilanItaly
| | - Guido Tettamanti
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue EngineeringIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San DonatoMilanItaly
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue EngineeringIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico San DonatoMilanItaly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for HealthUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
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23
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Zorin VL, Pulin AA, Eremin II, Korsakov IN, Zorina AI, Khromova NV, Sokova OI, Kotenko KV, Kopnin PB. Myogenic potential of human alveolar mucosa derived cells. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:545-555. [PMID: 28118065 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1284714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Difficulties related to the obtainment of stem/progenitor cells from skeletal muscle tissue make the search for new sources of myogenic cells highly relevant. Alveolar mucosa might be considered as a perspective candidate due to availability and high proliferative capacity of its cells. Human alveolar mucosa cells (AMC) were obtained from gingival biopsy samples collected from 10 healthy donors and cultured up to 10 passages. AMC matched the generally accepted multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells criteria and possess population doubling time, caryotype and immunophenotype stability during long-term cultivation. The single myogenic induction of primary cell cultures resulted in differentiation of AMC into multinucleated myotubes. The myogenic differentiation was associated with expression of skeletal muscle markers: skeletal myosin, skeletal actin, myogenin and MyoD1. Efficiency of myogenic differentiation in AMC cultures was similar to that in skeletal muscle cells. Furthermore, some of differentiated myotubes exhibited contractions in vitro. Our data confirms the sufficiently high myogenic potential and proliferative capacity of AMC and their ability to maintain in vitro proliferation-competent myogenic precursor cells regardless of the passage number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim L Zorin
- a FSBI "Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Health Center" , Moscow , Russia.,b Department of Regenerative Medicine at the Human Stem Cells Institute , Moscow , Russia
| | - Andrey A Pulin
- a FSBI "Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Health Center" , Moscow , Russia
| | - Ilya I Eremin
- a FSBI "Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Health Center" , Moscow , Russia
| | - Ivan N Korsakov
- a FSBI "Central Clinical Hospital with Outpatient Health Center" , Moscow , Russia
| | - Alla I Zorina
- b Department of Regenerative Medicine at the Human Stem Cells Institute , Moscow , Russia
| | | | - Olga I Sokova
- c Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center , Moscow , Russia
| | - Konstantin V Kotenko
- d FSBI "Central State Medical Academy" of Business Administration for the President of the Russian Federation , Moscow , Russia
| | - Pavel B Kopnin
- c Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center , Moscow , Russia
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24
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Rodney GG, Pal R, Abo-Zahrah R. Redox regulation of autophagy in skeletal muscle. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 98:103-112. [PMID: 27184957 PMCID: PMC4975974 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular degradative pathway that involves the delivery of cytoplasmic components, including proteins and organelles, to the lysosome for degradation. Autophagy is implicated in the maintenance of skeletal muscle; increased autophagy leads to muscle atrophy while decreased autophagy leads to degeneration and weakness. A growing body of work suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important cellular signal transducers controlling autophagy. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases and mitochondria are major sources of ROS generation in skeletal muscle that are likely regulating autophagy through different signaling cascades based on localization of the ROS signals. This review aims to provide insight into the redox control of autophagy in skeletal muscle. Understanding the mechanisms by which ROS regulate autophagy will provide novel therapeutic targets for skeletal muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- George G Rodney
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Rituraj Pal
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Reem Abo-Zahrah
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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25
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Novel Therapeutic Effects of Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma for Muscle Regeneration and Differentiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28829. [PMID: 27349181 PMCID: PMC4923893 DOI: 10.1038/srep28829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle can repair muscle tissue damage, but significant loss of muscle tissue or its long-lasting chronic degeneration makes injured skeletal muscle tissue difficult to restore. It has been demonstrated that non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTP) can be used in many biological areas including regenerative medicine. Therefore, we determined whether NTP, as a non-contact biological external stimulator that generates biological catalyzers, can induce regeneration of injured muscle without biomaterials. Treatment with NTP in the defected muscle of a Sprague Dawley (SD) rat increased the number of proliferating muscle cells 7 days after plasma treatment (dapt) and rapidly induced formation of muscle tissue and muscle cell differentiation at 14 dapt. In addition, in vitro experiments also showed that NTP could induce muscle cell proliferation and differentiation of human muscle cells. Taken together, our results demonstrated that NTP promotes restoration of muscle defects through control of cell proliferation and differentiation without biological or structural supporters, suggesting that NTP has the potential for use in muscle tissue engineering and regenerative therapies.
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Al-Dabbagh S, McPhee JS, Murgatroyd C, Butler-Browne G, Stewart CE, Al-Shanti N. The lymphocyte secretome from young adults enhances skeletal muscle proliferation and migration, but effects are attenuated in the secretome of older adults. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/11/e12518. [PMID: 26603449 PMCID: PMC4673618 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Older people experience skeletal muscle wasting, in part due to impaired proliferative capacity of quiescent skeletal muscle satellite cells which can be reversed by exposure to young blood. To investigate the role of immune cells in muscle regeneration, we isolated lymphocytes from whole blood of young and older healthy volunteers and cultured them with, or without, anti-CD3/CD28 activators to induce release of cytokines, interleukins, and growth factors into the media. The secreted proteins were collected to prepare a conditioned media, which was subsequently used to culture C2C12 myoblasts. The conditioned media from the activated young lymphocytes increased the rate of proliferation of myoblasts by around threefold (P < 0.005) and caused an approximate fourfold (P < 0.005) increase in migration compared with nonactivated lymphocyte control media. These responses were characterized by minimal myotube formation (2%), low fusion index (5%), low myosin heavy chain content, and substantial migration. In contrast, myoblasts treated with conditioned media from activated old lymphocytes exhibited a high degree of differentiation, and multi-nucleated myotube formation that was comparable to control conditions, thus showing no effect on proliferation or migration of myoblasts. These results indicate that secreted proteins from lymphocytes of young people enhance the muscle cell proliferation and migration, whereas secreted proteins from lymphocytes of older people may contribute to the attenuated skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Al-Dabbagh
- Healthcare Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Jamie S McPhee
- Healthcare Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Murgatroyd
- Healthcare Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Gillian Butler-Browne
- Myology Center of Research, UM76 - UPMC Sorbonne Universités/U974 - Inserm/FRE3617 - CNRS/AIM, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Claire E Stewart
- Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nasser Al-Shanti
- Healthcare Science Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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Biressi S, Gopinath SD. The quasi-parallel lives of satellite cells and atrophying muscle. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:140. [PMID: 26257645 PMCID: PMC4510774 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy or wasting accompanies various chronic illnesses and the aging process, thereby reducing muscle function. One of the most important components contributing to effective muscle repair in postnatal organisms, the satellite cells (SCs), have recently become the focus of several studies examining factors participating in the atrophic process. We critically examine here the experimental evidence linking SC function with muscle loss in connection with various diseases as well as aging, and in the subsequent recovery process. Several recent reports have investigated the changes in SCs in terms of their differentiation and proliferative capacity in response to various atrophic stimuli. In this regard, we review the molecular changes within SCs that contribute to their dysfunctional status in atrophy, with the intention of shedding light on novel potential pharmacological targets to counteract the loss of muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Biressi
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute and Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of TrentoTrento, Italy
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Sienkiewicz D, Kulak W, Okurowska-Zawada B, Paszko-Patej G, Kawnik K. Duchenne muscular dystrophy: current cell therapies. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2015; 8:166-77. [PMID: 26136844 PMCID: PMC4480531 DOI: 10.1177/1756285615586123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetically determined X-linked disease and the most common, progressive pediatric muscle disorder. For decades, research has been conducted to find an effective therapy. This review presents current therapeutic methods for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, based on scientific articles in English published mainly in the period 2000 to 2014. We used the PubMed database to identify and review the most important studies. An analysis of contemporary studies of stem cell therapy and the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in muscular dystrophy was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Sienkiewicz
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kulak
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Medical University of Białystok, 15-274 Bialystok, 17 Waszyngtona street, Poland
| | | | | | - Katarzyna Kawnik
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
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Zhang J, Xiao Z, Qu C, Cui W, Wang X, Du J. CD8 T cells are involved in skeletal muscle regeneration through facilitating MCP-1 secretion and Gr1(high) macrophage infiltration. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:5149-60. [PMID: 25339660 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory microenvironments play a key role in skeletal muscle regeneration. The infiltration of CD8 T cells into injured muscle has been reported. However, the role of CD8 T cells during skeletal muscle regeneration remains unclear. In this study, we used cardiotoxin-induced mouse skeletal muscle injury/regeneration model to investigate the role of CD8 T cells. Muscle regeneration was impaired and matrix deposit was increased in CD8α-deficient mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice whose CD8 T cells were infiltrated into damaged muscle after cardiotoxin injection. Adoptive transfer of CD8 T cells to CD8α-deficient mice improved muscle regeneration and inhibited matrix remodeling. Compared with WT mice, CD8α deficiency limited the recruitment of Gr1(high) macrophages (MPs) into muscle, resulting in the reduction of satellite cell number. The expression of MCP-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), which regulates the migration of Gr1(high) MPs, was reduced in CD8α-deficient mice compared with WT mice. Coculture CD8 T cells with MPs promoted MCP-1 secretion. The i.m. injection of MCP-1 markedly promoted the recruitment of Gr1(high) MPs and improved muscle regeneration in CD8α-deficient mice. We conclude that CD8 T cells are involved in skeletal muscle regeneration by regulating the secretion of MCP-1 to recruit Gr1(high) MPs, which facilitate myoblast proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; and Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhicheng Xiao
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; and Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chao Qu
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; and Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; and Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; and Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China; The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Capital Medical University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China; and Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing 100029, China
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Sassoli C, Frati A, Tani A, Anderloni G, Pierucci F, Matteini F, Chellini F, Zecchi Orlandini S, Formigli L, Meacci E. Mesenchymal stromal cell secreted sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) exerts a stimulatory effect on skeletal myoblast proliferation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108662. [PMID: 25264785 PMCID: PMC4181304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have the potential to significantly contribute to skeletal muscle healing through the secretion of paracrine factors that support proliferation and enhance participation of the endogenous muscle stem cells in the process of repair/regeneration. However, MSC-derived trophic molecules have been poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate paracrine signaling effects of MSCs on skeletal myoblasts. It was found, using a biochemical and morphological approach that sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a natural bioactive lipid exerting a broad range of muscle cell responses, is secreted by MSCs and represents an important factor by which these cells exert their stimulatory effects on C2C12 myoblast and satellite cell proliferation. Indeed, exposure to conditioned medium obtained from MSCs cultured in the presence of the selective sphingosine kinase inhibitor (iSK), blocked increased cell proliferation caused by the conditioned medium from untreated MSCs, and the addition of exogenous S1P in the conditioned medium from MSCs pre-treated with iSK further increased myoblast proliferation. Finally, we also demonstrated that the myoblast response to MSC-secreted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) involves the release of S1P from C2C12 cells. Our data may have important implications in the optimization of cell-based strategies to promote skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sassoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine - Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Frati
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio” - Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Tani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine - Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Anderloni
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio” - Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Pierucci
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio” - Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Matteini
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio” - Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Flaminia Chellini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine - Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sandra Zecchi Orlandini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine - Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lucia Formigli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine - Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Meacci
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio” - Unit of Biochemical Sciences and Molecular Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Ogura Y, Tajrishi MM, Sato S, Hindi SM, Kumar A. Therapeutic potential of matrix metalloproteinases in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:11. [PMID: 25364719 PMCID: PMC4207008 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are secreted proteinases that have physiologic roles in degradation and remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) in almost all tissues. However, their excessive production in disease conditions leads to many pathological features including tissue breakdown, inflammation, cell death, and fibrosis. Duchenne Muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating genetic muscle disorder caused by partial or complete loss of cytoskeletal protein dystrophin. Progressive muscle wasting in DMD is accompanied by myofiber necrosis followed by cycles of regeneration and degeneration and inflammation that eventually result in replacement of myofiber by connective and adipose tissues. Emerging evidence suggests that gene expression and the activity of various MMPs are aberrantly regulated in muscle biopsies from DMD patients and in skeletal muscle of animal models of DMD. Moreover, a few studies employing genetic mouse models have revealed that different MMPs play distinct roles in disease progression in DMD. Modulation of the activity of MMPs improves myofiber regeneration and enhances the efficacy of transplantation and engraftment of muscle progenitor cells in dystrophic muscle in mouse models of DMD. Furthermore, recent reports also suggest that some MMPs especially MMP-9 can serve as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of DMD. In this article, we provide a succinct overview of the regulation of various MMPs and their therapeutic importance in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Ogura
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Marjan M Tajrishi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shuichi Sato
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sajedah M Hindi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville, KY, USA
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32
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Bajek A, Olkowska J, Gurtowska N, Kloskowski T, Walentowicz-Sadlecka M, Sadlecki P, Grabiec M, Drewa T. Human amniotic-fluid-derived stem cells: a unique source for regenerative medicine. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14:831-9. [PMID: 24655038 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2014.898749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The first application of tissue engineering was based on the use of differentiated cells from the adult organism, which was associated with an invasiveness and high risk of diseased cells' transplantation. Over the years, the range of available cell populations for tissue engineering has widened. AREAS COVERED We review the comprehensive information concerning the characteristic features of amniotic-fluid-derived stem cells (AFSCs). We also review the potential applications of these cells in clinical practice. EXPERT OPINION AFSCs hold promise for the future treatment of many incurable diseases. However, such cell-based therapies have some limitations, and there are questions relating to the use of stem cells, which should be carefully analyzed before translation of these cells into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bajek
- Nicolaus Copernicus University, Department of Tissue Engineering , Karlowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz , Poland +48 525853737 ; +48 525853742 ;
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33
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Meregalli M, Farini A, Sitzia C, Torrente Y. Advancements in stem cells treatment of skeletal muscle wasting. Front Physiol 2014; 5:48. [PMID: 24575052 PMCID: PMC3921573 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders, in which progressive muscle wasting and weakness is often associated with exhaustion of muscle regeneration potential. Although physiological properties of skeletal muscle tissue are now well known, no treatments are effective for these diseases. Muscle regeneration was attempted by means transplantation of myogenic cells (from myoblast to embryonic stem cells) and also by interfering with the malignant processes that originate in pathological tissues, such as uncontrolled fibrosis and inflammation. Taking into account the advances in the isolation of new subpopulation of stem cells and in the creation of artificial stem cell niches, we discuss how these emerging technologies offer great promises for therapeutic approaches to muscle diseases and muscle wasting associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Meregalli
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Centro Dino Ferrari, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Farini
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Centro Dino Ferrari, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano Milano, Italy
| | - Clementina Sitzia
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Centro Dino Ferrari, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano Milano, Italy
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Centro Dino Ferrari, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi di Milano Milano, Italy
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34
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Kim AY, Lee EM, Lee EJ, Min CW, Kang KK, Park JK, Hong IH, Ishigami A, Tremblay JP, Jeong KS. Effects of Vitamin C on Cytotherapy-Mediated Muscle Regeneration. Cell Transplant 2013; 22:1845-58. [DOI: 10.3727/096368912x657846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are the largest organs in the human body, and several therapeutic trials have been conducted that included stem cell transplantation to regenerate damaged or wasted muscles. It is well known that it is essential to make a favorable microenvironment (stem cell niche) to induce the proper differentiation of the transplanted stem cells. Some drugs, such as losartan (angiotensin II type I blocker), enhance the therapeutic effects of transplanted stem cells by inhibiting fibrosis. In this study, we hypothesized that another substance, vitamin C (ascorbic acid), might improve the niche for stem cell transplantation based on its potent antioxidant effects. In both gross and microscopic observations, vitamin C-depleted mice exhibited more incomplete regeneration of damaged muscles than those treated with vitamin C. Carbonylated protein groups, which are the end products of oxidative stress, were detected in all experimental groups; however, the vitamin C-depleted groups exhibited a more potent positive reaction than that of the vitamin C-supplied groups. The difference is clearer in the presence of transplanted stem cells. Moreover, the serum total vitamin C level and the ascorbic acid (AA) to dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) ratio also were decreased in the presence of transplanted adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). Taken together, these data can be considered as proof of vitamin C utilization by cells in vivo. The vitamin C-supplied groups displayed more severe fibrosis than that of the vitamin C-depleted groups. Since vitamin C is a major cofactor for the collagen synthesis, its deficiency resulted in reduced fibrosis. In conclusion, we demonstrated that vitamin C not only has a positive effect on adjusting the stem cell niche to boost muscle regeneration but also has an adverse aspect due to its profibrotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Young Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Min
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ku Kang
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hwa Hong
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kyu-Shik Jeong
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Fishman JM, Tyraskis A, Maghsoudlou P, Urbani L, Totonelli G, Birchall MA, De Coppi P. Skeletal muscle tissue engineering: which cell to use? TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2013; 19:503-15. [PMID: 23679017 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered skeletal muscle is urgently required to treat a wide array of devastating congenital and acquired conditions. Selection of the appropriate cell type requires consideration of several factors which amongst others include, accessibility of the cell source, in vitro myogenicity at high efficiency with the ability to maintain differentiation over extended periods of time, susceptibility to genetic manipulation, a suitable mode of delivery and finally in vivo differentiation giving rise to restoration of structural morphology and function. Potential stem-progenitor cell sources include and are not limited to satellite cells, myoblasts, mesoangioblasts, pericytes, muscle side-population cells, CD133(+) cells, in addition to embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, amniotic fluid stem cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The relative merits and inherent limitations of these cell types within the field of tissue-engineering are discussed in the light of current research. Recent advances in the field of iPS cells should bear the fruits for some exciting developments within the field in the forthcoming years.
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Sirabella D, De Angelis L, Berghella L. Sources for skeletal muscle repair: from satellite cells to reprogramming. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2013; 4:125-36. [PMID: 23314905 PMCID: PMC3684700 DOI: 10.1007/s13539-012-0098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration is the process that ensures tissue repair after damage by injury or in degenerative diseases such as muscular dystrophy. Satellite cells, the adult skeletal muscle progenitor cells, are commonly considered to be the main cell type involved in skeletal muscle regeneration. Their mechanism of action in this process is extensively characterized. However, evidence accumulated in the last decade suggests that other cell types may participate in skeletal muscle regeneration. Although their actual contribution to muscle formation and regeneration is still not clear; if properly manipulated, these cells may become new suitable and powerful sources for cell therapy of skeletal muscle degenerative diseases. Mesoangioblasts, vessel associated stem/progenitor cells with high proliferative, migratory and myogenic potential, are very good candidates for clinical applications and are already in clinical experimentation. In addition, pluripotent stem cells are very promising sources for regeneration of most tissues, including skeletal muscle. Conditions such as muscle cachexia or aging that severely alter homeostasis may be counteracted by transplantation of donor and/or recruitment and activation of resident muscle stem/progenitor cells. Advantages and limitations of different cell therapy approaches will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Sirabella
- />Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 2920 Broadway, New York, NY 10027-7164 USA
| | - Luciana De Angelis
- />DAHFMO, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, University of Roma “La Sapienza”, Via Scarpa, 14, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Libera Berghella
- />IRCCS Fondazione S. Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
- />HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA
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Konieczny P, Swiderski K, Chamberlain JS. Gene and cell-mediated therapies for muscular dystrophy. Muscle Nerve 2013; 47:649-63. [PMID: 23553671 DOI: 10.1002/mus.23738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating muscle disorder that affects 1 in 3,500 boys. Despite years of research and considerable progress in understanding the molecular mechanism of the disease and advancement of therapeutic approaches, there is no cure for DMD. The current treatment options are limited to physiotherapy and corticosteroids, and although they provide a substantial improvement in affected children, they only slow the course of the disorder. On a more optimistic note, more recent approaches either significantly alleviate or eliminate muscular dystrophy in murine and canine models of DMD and importantly, many of them are being tested in early phase human clinical trials. This review summarizes advancements that have been made in viral and nonviral gene therapy as well as stem cell therapy for DMD with a focus on the replacement and repair of the affected dystrophin gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Konieczny
- Department of Neurology, The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
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In vivo tracking of murine adipose tissue-derived multipotent adult stem cells and ex vivo cross-validation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR IMAGING 2013; 2013:426961. [PMID: 23401767 PMCID: PMC3562659 DOI: 10.1155/2013/426961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are characterized by the ability to renew themselves and to differentiate into specialized cell types, while stem cell therapy is believed to treat a number of different human diseases through either cell regeneration or paracrine effects. Herein, an in vivo and ex vivo near infrared time domain (NIR TD) optical imaging study was undertaken to evaluate the migratory ability of murine adipose tissue-derived multipotent adult stem cells [mAT-MASC] after intramuscular injection in mice. In vivo NIR TD optical imaging data analysis showed a migration of DiD-labelled mAT-MASC in the leg opposite the injection site, which was confirmed by a fibered confocal microendoscopy system. Ex vivo NIR TD optical imaging results showed a systemic distribution of labelled cells. Considering a potential microenvironmental contamination, a cross-validation study by multimodality approaches was followed: mAT-MASC were isolated from male mice expressing constitutively eGFP, which was detectable using techniques of immunofluorescence and qPCR. Y-chromosome positive cells, injected into wild-type female recipients, were detected by FISH. Cross-validation confirmed the data obtained by in vivo/ex vivo TD optical imaging analysis. In summary, our data demonstrates the usefulness of NIR TD optical imaging in tracking delivered cells, giving insights into the migratory properties of the injected cells.
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Meregalli M, Farini A, Belicchi M, Parolini D, Cassinelli L, Razini P, Sitzia C, Torrente Y. Perspectives of stem cell therapy in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. FEBS J 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Meregalli
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali; Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia medico-chirurgica e dei Trapianti; Università degli Studi di Milano; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milan; Italy
| | - Andrea Farini
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali; Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia medico-chirurgica e dei Trapianti; Università degli Studi di Milano; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milan; Italy
| | - Marzia Belicchi
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali; Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia medico-chirurgica e dei Trapianti; Università degli Studi di Milano; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milan; Italy
| | - Daniele Parolini
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali; Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia medico-chirurgica e dei Trapianti; Università degli Studi di Milano; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milan; Italy
| | - Letizia Cassinelli
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali; Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia medico-chirurgica e dei Trapianti; Università degli Studi di Milano; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milan; Italy
| | - Paola Razini
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali; Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia medico-chirurgica e dei Trapianti; Università degli Studi di Milano; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milan; Italy
| | - Clementina Sitzia
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali; Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia medico-chirurgica e dei Trapianti; Università degli Studi di Milano; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milan; Italy
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali; Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia medico-chirurgica e dei Trapianti; Università degli Studi di Milano; Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Milan; Italy
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Mittlmeier T, Stratos I. Muscle and Ligament Regeneration. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Meregalli M, Farini A, Belicchi M, Torrente Y. CD133(+) Cells for the Treatment of Degenerative Diseases: Update and Perspectives. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 777:229-43. [PMID: 23161086 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5894-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are used in cell therapy for degenerative disorders. The main advantage of stem cells is that they can replenish their numbers for long periods through cell division and produce a progeny that can differentiate into multiple cell lineages with specific functions. CD133 is a member of a novel family of cell surface glycoproteins. The expression of human CD133 (AC133 antigen) was originally described in the hematopoietic CD34(+) stem cells, but now it becomes more and more evident that CD133 is a marker of stem and progenitor cell populations originating from various tissues and organs. The main objective of this chapter is to describe the potential sources of CD133(+) stem cells that harbor the ability to engraft, proliferate, and differentiate into functional cells. The characterization of such CD133(+) stem cells unlocks new opportunities in the treatment of degenerative diseases such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Meregalli
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, di Milano, Centro Dino Ferrari, via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy
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Tran T, Andersen R, Sherman S, Pyle A. Insights into Skeletal Muscle Development and Applications in Regenerative Medicine. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 300:51-83. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405210-9.00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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43
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Trophic actions of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells for muscle repair/regeneration. Cells 2012; 1:832-50. [PMID: 24710532 PMCID: PMC3901134 DOI: 10.3390/cells1040832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) represent the leading candidate cell in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. These cells can be easily isolated, expanded in vitro and are capable of providing significant functional benefits after implantation in the damaged muscle tissues. Despite their plasticity, the participation of BM-MSCs to new muscle fiber formation is controversial; in fact, emerging evidence indicates that their therapeutic effects occur without signs of long-term tissue engraftment and involve the paracrine secretion of cytokines and growth factors with multiple effects on the injured tissue, including modulation of inflammation and immune reaction, positive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, angiogenesis and protection from apoptosis. Recently, a new role for BM-MSCs in the stimulation of muscle progenitor cells proliferation has been demonstrated, suggesting the potential ability of these cells to influence the fate of local stem cells and augment the endogenous mechanisms of repair/regeneration in the damaged tissues.
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Perkins KJ, Davies KE. Recent advances in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis 2012; 2:141-164. [PMID: 30890885 DOI: 10.2147/dnnd.s26637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), an allelic X-linked progressive muscle-wasting disease, is one of the most common single-gene disorders in the developed world. Despite knowledge of the underlying genetic causation and resultant pathophysiology from lack of dystrophin protein at the muscle sarcolemma, clinical intervention is currently restricted to symptom management. In recent years, however, unprecedented advances in strategies devised to correct the primary defect through gene- and cell-based therapeutics hold particular promise for treating dystrophic muscle. Conventional gene replacement and endogenous modification strategies have greatly benefited from continued improvements in encapsidation capacity, transduction efficiency, and systemic delivery. In particular, RNA-based modifying approaches such as exon skipping enable expression of a shorter but functional dystrophin protein and rapid progress toward clinical application. Emerging combined gene- and cell-therapy strategies also illustrate particular promise in enabling ex vivo genetic correction and autologous transplantation to circumvent a number of immune challenges. These approaches are complemented by a vast array of pharmacological approaches, in particular the successful identification of molecules that enable functional replacement or ameliorate secondary DMD pathology. Animal models have been instrumental in providing proof of principle for many of these strategies, leading to several recent trials that have investigated their efficacy in DMD patients. Although none has reached the point of clinical use, rapid improvements in experimental technology and design draw this goal ever closer. Here, we review therapeutic approaches to DMD, with particular emphasis on recent progress in strategic development, preclinical evaluation and establishment of clinical efficacy. Further, we discuss the numerous challenges faced and synergistic approaches being devised to combat dystrophic pathology effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Perkins
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology.,MRC Functional Genomics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,
| | - Kay E Davies
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,
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Nizzardo M, Simone C, Falcone M, Riboldi G, Comi GP, Bresolin N, Corti S. Direct reprogramming of adult somatic cells into other lineages: past evidence and future perspectives. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:921-44. [PMID: 23044010 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x657477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct reprogramming of an adult cell into another differentiated lineage-such as fibroblasts into neurons, cardiomyocytes, or blood cells-without passage through an undifferentiated pluripotent stage is a new area of research that has recently emerged alongside stem cell technology and induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming; indeed, this avenue of investigation has begun to play a central role in basic biological research and regenerative medicine. Even though the field seems new, its origins go back to the 1980s when it was demonstrated that differentiated adult cells can be converted into another cell lineage through the overexpression of transcription factors, establishing mature cell plasticity. Here, we retrace transdifferentiation experiments from the discovery of master control genes to recent in vivo reprogramming of one somatic cell into another from the perspective of possible applications for the development of new therapeutic approaches for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Nizzardo
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Dino Ferrari Centre, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Jokerst JV, Thangaraj M, Kempen PJ, Sinclair R, Gambhir SS. Photoacoustic imaging of mesenchymal stem cells in living mice via silica-coated gold nanorods. ACS NANO 2012; 6:5920-30. [PMID: 22681633 PMCID: PMC3582222 DOI: 10.1021/nn302042y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Improved imaging modalities are critically needed for optimizing stem cell therapy. Techniques with real-time content to guide and quantitate cell implantation are especially important in applications such as musculoskeletal regenerative medicine. Here, we report the use of silica-coated gold nanorods as a contrast agent for photoacoustic imaging and quantitation of mesenchymal stem cells in rodent muscle tissue. The silica coating increased the uptake of gold into the cell more than 5-fold, yet no toxicity or proliferation changes were observed in cells loaded with this contrast agent. Pluripotency of the cells was retained, and secretome analysis indicated that only IL-6 was disregulated more than 2-fold from a pool of 26 cytokines. The low background of the technique allowed imaging of down to 100,000 cells in vivo. The spatial resolution is 340 μm, and the temporal resolution is 0.2 s, which is at least an order of magnitude below existing cell imaging approaches. This approach has significant advantages over traditional cell imaging techniques like positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging including real time monitoring of stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse V. Jokerst
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5427, United States
| | - Mridhula Thangaraj
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5427, United States
| | | | | | - Sanjiv S. Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5427, United States
- Bioengineering, Materials Science & Engineering, Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Address correspondence to:
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Cananzi M, De Coppi P. CD117(+) amniotic fluid stem cells: state of the art and future perspectives. Organogenesis 2012; 8:77-88. [PMID: 23037870 DOI: 10.4161/org.22426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Broadly multipotent stem cells can be isolated from amniotic fluid by selection for the expression of the membrane stem cell factor receptor c-Kit, a common marker for multipotential stem cells. They have clonogenic capability and can be directed into a wide range of cell types representing the three primary embryonic lineages. Amniotic fluid stem cells maintained for over 250 population doublings retained long telomeres and a normal karyotype. Clonal human lines verified by retroviral marking were induced to differentiate into cell types representing each embryonic germ layer, including cells of adipogenic, osteogenic, myogenic, endothelial, neuronal and hepatic lineages. AFS cells could be differentiate toward cardiomyogenic lineages, when co-cultured with neonatal cardiomyocytes, and have the potential to generate myogenic and hematopoietic lineages both in vitro and in vivo. Very recently first trimester AFS cells could be reprogrammed without any genetic manipulation opening new possibilities in the field of fetal/neonatal therapy and disease modeling. In this review we are aiming to summarize the knowledge on amniotic fluid stem cells and highlight the most promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Cananzi
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, UCL Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
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Mokalled MH, Johnson AN, Creemers EE, Olson EN. MASTR directs MyoD-dependent satellite cell differentiation during skeletal muscle regeneration. Genes Dev 2012; 26:190-202. [PMID: 22279050 DOI: 10.1101/gad.179663.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In response to skeletal muscle injury, satellite cells, which function as a myogenic stem cell population, become activated, expand through proliferation, and ultimately fuse with each other and with damaged myofibers to promote muscle regeneration. Here, we show that members of the Myocardin family of transcriptional coactivators, MASTR and MRTF-A, are up-regulated in satellite cells in response to skeletal muscle injury and muscular dystrophy. Global and satellite cell-specific deletion of MASTR in mice impairs skeletal muscle regeneration. This impairment is substantially greater when MRTF-A is also deleted and is due to aberrant differentiation and excessive proliferation of satellite cells. These abnormalities mimic those associated with genetic deletion of MyoD, a master regulator of myogenesis, which is down-regulated in the absence of MASTR and MRTF-A. Consistent with an essential role of MASTR in transcriptional regulation of MyoD expression, MASTR activates a muscle-specific postnatal MyoD enhancer through associations with MEF2 and members of the Myocardin family. Our results provide new insights into the genetic circuitry of muscle regeneration and identify MASTR as a central regulator of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayssa H Mokalled
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Carnio S, Serena E, Rossi CA, De Coppi P, Elvassore N, Vitiello L. Three-dimensional porous scaffold allows long-term wild-type cell delivery in dystrophic muscle. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 5:1-10. [PMID: 20607681 DOI: 10.1002/term.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by the lack of dystrophin; affected muscles are characterized by continuous bouts of muscle degeneration, eventually leading to the exhaustion of the endogenous satellite cell pool. At present, only palliative treatments are available, although several gene and cell therapy-based approaches are being studied. In this study we proposed to overcome the limitations hampering intramuscular cell injection by using a biomaterial-based strategy. In particular, we used a three-dimensional (3D) collagen porous scaffold to deliver myogenic precursor cells (MPCs) in vivo in the mdx murine model of DMD. MPCs, derived from single fibres of wild-type donors, were expanded in vitro, seeded onto collagen scaffolds and implanted into the tibialis anterior muscles of normal and mdx mice. As a control, cells were delivered via direct intramuscular cell injection in the contralateral muscles. Scaffold-delivered MPCs displayed lower apoptosis and higher proliferation than injected cells; in terms of dystrophin restoration, collagen scaffolds yielded better results than direct injections. Importantly, time-course experiments indicated that the scaffolds acted as a cell reservoir, although cell migration was mostly contained within 400 µm from the scaffold-host tissue interface.
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Negroni E, Vallese D, Vilquin JT, Butler-Browne G, Mouly V, Trollet C. Current advances in cell therapy strategies for muscular dystrophies. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2011; 11:157-76. [PMID: 21219234 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2011.542748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Muscular dystrophies are a heterogeneous group of genetic diseases characterized by muscle weakness, wasting and degeneration. Cell therapy consists of delivering myogenic precursor cells to damaged tissue for the complementation of missing proteins and/or the regeneration of new muscle fibres. AREAS COVERED We focus on human candidate cells described so far (myoblasts, mesoangioblasts, pericytes, myoendothelial cells, CD133(+) cells, aldehyde-dehydrogenase-positive cells, mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells), gene-based strategies developed to modify cells prior to injection, animal models (dystrophic and/or immunodeficient) used for pre-clinical studies, and clinical trials that have been performed using cell therapy strategies. The approaches are reviewed in terms of feasibility, hurdles, potential solutions and/or research areas from where the solution may come and potential application in terms of types of dystrophies and targets. EXPERT OPINION Cell therapy for muscular dystrophies should be put in the context of which dystrophy or muscle group is targeted, what tools are available at hand, but even more importantly what can cell therapy bring as compared with and/or in combination with other therapeutic strategies. The solution will probably be the right dosage of these combinations adapted to each dystrophy, or even to each type of mutation within a dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Negroni
- Unité Thérapies des Maladies du muscle strié, UMRS974, UPMC Université Paris 6, UM76, INSERM U974, CNRS UMR 7215, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
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