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Asahina Y, Takatori H, Nio K, Okada H, Hayashi T, Hayashi T, Hashiba T, Suda T, Nishitani M, Sugimoto S, Honda M, Kaneko S, Yamashita T. Beta-Hydroxyisovaleryl-Shikonin Eradicates Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-Positive Liver Cancer Stem Cells by Suppressing dUTP Pyrophosphatase Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16283. [PMID: 38003473 PMCID: PMC10671815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an essential role in tumorigenesis, chemoresistance, and metastasis. Previously, we demonstrated that the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is dictated by a subset of epithelial cell adhesion molecule-positive (EpCAM+) liver CSCs with the activation of Wnt signaling. In this study, we evaluated the expression of dUTP pyrophosphatase (dUTPase), which plays a central role in the development of chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil, in EpCAM+ HCC cells. We further evaluated the effect of beta-hydroxyisovaleryl-shikonin (β-HIVS), an ATP-noncompetitive inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinases, on HCC CSCs. EpCAM and dUTPase were expressed in hepatoblasts in human fetal liver, hepatic progenitors in adult cirrhotic liver, and a subset of HCC cells. Sorted EpCAM+ CSCs from HCC cell lines showed abundant nuclear accumulation of dUTPase compared with EpCAM-negative cells. Furthermore, treatment with the Wnt signaling activator BIO increased EpCAM and dUTPase expression. In contrast, β-HIVS treatment decreased dUTPase expression. β-HIVS treatment decreased the population of EpCAM+ liver CSCs in a dose-dependent manner in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in vivo compared with the control vehicle. Taken together, our data suggest that dUTPase could be a good target to eradicate liver CSCs resistant to 5-fluorouracil. β-HIVS is a small molecule that could decrease dUTPase expression and target EpCAM+ liver CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hajime Takatori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Kouki Nio
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
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Chen X, Gu M, Jin J, Ren C, Pan Z, Wu Y, Tian N, Wu A, Sun L, Gao W, Wang X, Bei C, Zhou Y, Zhang X. β-Hydroxyisovalerylshikonin inhibits IL-1β-induced chondrocyte inflammation via Nrf2 and retards osteoarthritis in mice. Food Funct 2021; 11:10219-10230. [PMID: 33169745 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02192j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative disease characterized by cartilage destruction. It is the fourth most disabling disease worldwide and is currently incurable. Inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation are considered to be substantial reasons for accelerating the progression of OA. β-Hydroxyisoamylshikonin (β-HIVS) is a natural naphthoquinone compound with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. However, the effect of β-HIVS on OA is still unclear. In this study, we found that β-HIVS can down-regulate the expression of NO, PEG2, IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS, suggesting its anti-inflammatory effects in chondrocytes; we also found that β-HIVS may down-regulate the expression of ADAMTS5 and MMP13 and up-regulate the expression of aggrecan and collagen II to inhibit the degradation of ECM. Mechanistically, β-HIVS inhibited the NFκB pathway by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 axis, thereby exerting its anti-inflammatory and inhibitory effects on ECM degradation. In vivo experiments also proved the therapeutic effects of β-HIVS on OA in mice, and Nrf2 is the target of β-HIVS. These findings indicate that β-HIVS may become a new drug for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximiao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Sharma N, Gulati A, Kumar D, Padwad Y. Naphthazarins as cytotoxic agents isolated from Arnebia euchroma. Pharmacogn Mag 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_115_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Lu D, Qian J, Li W, Feng Q, Pan S, Zhang S. β-hydroxyisovaleryl-shikonin induces human cervical cancer cell apoptosis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:3434-3442. [PMID: 26788147 PMCID: PMC4665374 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory ability of β-hydroxyisovaleryl-shikonin (β-HIVS) on the proliferation of human cervical cancer HeLa cells and to identify the mechanism of this effect. The HeLa cells were treated with β-HIVS and the inhibition of cell growth was detected by an MTT assay. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the apoptosis rate and cell cycle distribution of HeLa cells. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to examine the expression of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway proteins. The results revealed that β-HIVS inhibited HeLa cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. With the administration of increasing concentrations of β-HIVS, the apoptotic rate of HeLa cells was also increased. The cell cycle was slightly arrested at the S phase, with ~6% of cells in this phase, subsequent to treatment with 10 µM β-HIVS. In addition, β-HIVS markedly reduced the expression levels of PI3K, AKT, mTOR and 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase in HeLa cells. β-HIVS promoted cervical cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and suppressing downstream gene expression. The present study is expected to lead to the development of molecular targeted therapy for this signaling pathway as a novel method of cervical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lu
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, College of Clinical Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Qian
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, College of Clinical Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, College of Clinical Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Feng
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, College of Clinical Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Shu Pan
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, College of Clinical Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Siquan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, College of Clinical Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
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Jayasooriya RGPT, Lee KT, Lee HJ, Choi YH, Jeong JW, Kim GY. Anti-inflammatory effects of β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin in BV2 microglia are mediated through suppression of the PI3K/Akt/NF-kB pathway and activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 65:82-9. [PMID: 24365262 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated whether β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin (β-HIVS) affects the production of proinflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in BV2 microglial cells. Our data showed that β-HIVS inhibited secretion of NO and PGE2 and downregulated expression of their main regulatory genes, inducible NO synthesis (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). β-HIVS also reduced the LPS-induced DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by suppressing nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunits and inhibiting the degradation and phosphorylation of IκBα. Furthermore, an NF-κB inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), attenuated LPS-stimulated iNOS and COX-2 expression, suggesting that NF-κB inhibition is a main effector in the expression of iNOS and COX-2. We also found that LPS-induced NF-κB activation is regulated through inhibition of PI3K/Akt phosphorylation in response to β-HIVS. Additionally, β-HIVS caused the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) via upregulation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), both of which are involved in the secretion of proinflammatory mediators such as NO and PGE2. Taken together, our data indicate that β-HIVS diminishes the proinflammatory mediators NO and PGE2 and the expression of their regulatory genes, iNOS and COX-2, in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells by inhibiting PI3K/Akt-dependent NF-κB activation and inducing Nrf2-mediated HO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyoung-Tae Lee
- Division of Wood Chemistry & Microbiology, Department of Forest Products, Korea Forest Research Institute, 57 Hoegiro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Ju Lee
- Division of Wood Chemistry & Microbiology, Department of Forest Products, Korea Forest Research Institute, 57 Hoegiro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan 614-050, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Jeong
- Center for Core Research Facilities, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Ara-1 dong, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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Preparation, cellular uptake and angiogenic suppression of shikonin-containing liposomes in vitro and in vivo. Biosci Rep 2013; 33:e00020. [PMID: 23176403 PMCID: PMC3561918 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20120065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Shikonin has anticancer activity, but it has not yet been applied into clinical use. In the present study, shikonin was prepared using liposomes. We aimed to examine several aspects of sh-L (shikonin-containing liposomes): preparation, angiogenic suppression and cellular uptake through self-fluorescence. Sh-L were prepared using soybean phospholipid and cholesterol to form the membrane and shikonin was encapsulated into the phospholipid membrane. Three liposomes were prepared with shikonin. They had red fluorescence and were analysed using a flow cytometer. Angiogenic suppression of sh-L was determined using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide], Transwell tests, chick CAM (chorioallantoic membrane) and Matrigel™ plug assay. MTT assay showed the median IC50 (inhibitory concentrations) as follows: shikonin, sh-L1 and sh-L2 were 4.99±0.23, 5.81±0.57 and 7.17±0.69 μM, respectively. The inhibition rates of migration were 53.58±7.05, 46.56±4.36 and 41.19±3.59% for 3.15 μM shikonin, sh-L1 and sh-L2, respectively. The results of CAM and Matrigel plug assay demonstrated that shikonin and sh-L can decrease neovascularization. Effect of shikonin was more obvious than sh-L at the same concentration. The results showed that sh-L decreased the toxicity, the rate of inhibition of migration and angiogenic suppression. The cellular uptake of the sh-L could be pictured because of the self-fluorescence. The self-fluorescence will be useful for conducting further research. Sh-L might be an excellent preparation for future clinical application to cancer patients.
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7
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Li J, Jin R. DFT study on the radical scavenging activity of β,β-dimethylacrylalkannin derivatives. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2012.680887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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8
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Jin R, Li J. Theoretical Study of the Radical Scavenging Activity of Shikonin and Its Derivatives. CHINESE J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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Merényi G, Kovári J, Tóth J, Takács E, Zagyva I, Erdei A, Vértessy BG. Cellular response to efficient dUTPase RNAi silencing in stable HeLa cell lines perturbs expression levels of genes involved in thymidylate metabolism. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2011; 30:369-90. [PMID: 21780905 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2011.582849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
dUTPase is involved in preserving DNA integrity in cells. We report an efficient dUTPase silencing by RNAi-based system in stable human cell line. Repression of dUTPase induced specific expression level increments for thymidylate kinase and thymidine kinase, and also an increased sensitization to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine and 5-fluoro-uracil. The catalytic mechanism of dUTPase was investigated for 5-fluoro-dUTP. The 5F-substitution on the uracil ring of the substrate did not change the kinetic mechanism of dUTP hydrolysis by dUTPase. Results indicate that RNAi silencing of dUTPase induces a complex cellular response wherein sensitivity towards fluoropyrimidines and gene expression levels of related enzymes are both modulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Merényi
- Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Zhou W, Zhang X, Xiao L, Ding J, Liu QH, Li SS. Semi-synthesis and antitumor activity of 6-isomers of 5, 8-O-dimethyl acylshikonin derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:3420-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Jin R, Bai Y. Theoretical investigation of the radical scavenging activity of shikonin and acylshikonin derivatives. J Mol Model 2011; 18:1401-8. [PMID: 21761174 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The radical scavenging activity of shikonin and acylshikonin derivatives was studied by using density functional theory. The hydrogen bond property of the studied structures was investigated using the atoms in molecules (AIM) theory. It turned out that the hydrogen bond is important for good radical scavenging activity. The hydrogen atom transfer for shikonin and acylshikonin derivatives is difficult to obtain because of the high bond dissociation energy (BDE). However, shikonin and acylshikonin derivatives appear to be good candidates for the one-electron-transfer. The introduction of acyl groups for shikonin decreases the ionization potential (IP) values compared with that of shikonin. The acylshikonin derivatives with 1H-pyrrole, furan, and thiophene groups are expected to be of the highest radical scavenging activity among the compounds investigated in this study. Taking this system as an example, we present an efficient method for the investigation of radical scavenging activity from theoretical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifa Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Chifeng University, Chifeng 024000, China.
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12
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Akgun I, Erkucuk A, Pilavtepe M, Yesil-Celiktas O. Optimization of total alkannin yields of Alkanna tinctoria by using sub- and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. J Supercrit Fluids 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Williams D, Norman G, Khoury C, Metcalfe N, Briard J, Laporte A, Sheibani S, Portt L, Mandato CA, Greenwood MT. Evidence for a second messenger function of dUTP during Bax mediated apoptosis of yeast and mammalian cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1813:315-21. [PMID: 21145358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The identification of novel anti-apoptotic sequences has lead to new insights into the mechanisms involved in regulating different forms of programmed cell death. For example, the anti-apoptotic function of free radical scavenging proteins supports the pro-apoptotic function of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Using yeast as a model of eukaryotic mitochondrial apoptosis, we show that a cDNA corresponding to the mitochondrial variant of the human DUT gene (DUT-M) encoding the deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dUTPase) enzyme can prevent apoptosis in yeast in response to internal (Bax expression) and to exogenous (H(2)O(2) and cadmium) stresses. Of interest, cell death was not prevented under culture conditions modeling chronological aging, suggesting that DUT-M only protects dividing cells. The anti-apoptotic function of DUT-M was confirmed by demonstrating that an increase in dUTPase protein levels is sufficient to confer increased resistance to H(2)O(2) in cultured C2C12 mouse skeletal myoblasts. Given that the function of dUTPase is to decrease the levels of dUTP, our results strongly support an emerging role for dUTP as a pro-apoptotic second messenger in the same vein as ROS and ceramide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Williams
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University. Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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14
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Semi-synthesis and anti-tumor activity of 5,8-O-dimethyl acylshikonin derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:6005-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Portt L, Norman G, Clapp C, Greenwood M, Greenwood MT. Anti-apoptosis and cell survival: a review. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1813:238-59. [PMID: 20969895 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 430] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type I programmed cell death (PCD) or apoptosis is critical for cellular self-destruction for a variety of processes such as development or the prevention of oncogenic transformation. Alternative forms, including type II (autophagy) and type III (necrotic) represent the other major types of PCD that also serve to trigger cell death. PCD must be tightly controlled since disregulated cell death is involved in the development of a large number of different pathologies. To counter the multitude of processes that are capable of triggering death, cells have devised a large number of cellular processes that serve to prevent inappropriate or premature PCD. These cell survival strategies involve a myriad of coordinated and systematic physiological and genetic changes that serve to ward off death. Here we will discuss the different strategies that are used to prevent cell death and focus on illustrating that although anti-apoptosis and cellular survival serve to counteract PCD, they are nevertheless mechanistically distinct from the processes that regulate cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Portt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Huang S, Yu L, Shen P. Simultaneous Quantitative Analysis of Shikonin and Deoxyshikonin in Rat Plasma by Rapid LC–ESI–MS–MS. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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Akgun I, Ganzera M, Gur C, Senol S, Korkmaz K, Bedir E. Determination of Naphthazarin Derivatives in 16 Alkanna Species by RP-LC Using UV and MS for Detection. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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d-Dopachrome tautomerase is a candidate for key proteins to protect the rat liver damaged by carbon tetrachloride. Toxicology 2009; 255:6-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Revised: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Zhu M, Gao Y, Wu Z, Zhao Y. A rapid HPLC/ESI-MS/MS method for quantitative analysis of isovalerylshikonin in rat plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 24:413-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Wilson PM, Fazzone W, LaBonte MJ, Lenz HJ, Ladner RD. Regulation of human dUTPase gene expression and p53-mediated transcriptional repression in response to oxaliplatin-induced DNA damage. Nucleic Acids Res 2008; 37:78-95. [PMID: 19015155 PMCID: PMC2615606 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkn910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of dUTP to dUMP and PPi. Although dUTP is a normal intermediate in DNA synthesis, its accumulation and misincorporation into DNA is lethal. Importantly, uracil misincorporation is a mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by fluoropyrimidine chemotherapeutic agents including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and elevated expression of dUTPase is negatively correlated with clinical response to 5-FU-therapy. In this study we performed the first functional characterization of the dUTPase promoter and demonstrate a role for E2F-1 and Sp1 in driving dUTPase expression. We establish a direct role for both mutant and wild-type forms of p53 in modulating dUTPase promoter activity. Treatment of HCT116 p53(+/+) cells with the DNA-damaging agent oxaliplatin induced a p53-dependent transcriptional downregulation of dUTPase not observed in the isogenic null cell line. Oxaliplatin treatment induced enrichment of p53 at the dUTPase promoter with a concomitant reduction in Sp1. The suppression of dUTPase by oxaliplatin promoted increased levels of dUTP that was enhanced by subsequent addition of fluoropyrimidines. The novel observation that oxaliplatin downregulates dUTPase expression may provide a mechanistic basis contributing to the synergy observed between 5-FU and oxaliplatin in the clinic. Furthermore, these studies provide the first evidence of a direct transcriptional link between the essential enzyme dUTPase and the tumor suppressor p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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