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Mechanism of cystogenesis by Cd79a-driven, conditional mTOR activation in developing mouse nephrons. Sci Rep 2023; 13:508. [PMID: 36627370 PMCID: PMC9832032 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27766-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a common genetic disorder arising from developmental and postnatal processes. Defects in primary cilia and their signaling (eg, mTOR) underlie the pathogenesis. However, how mTOR regulates tubular integrity remains unclear. The paucity of faithful models has limited our understanding of pathogenesis and, therefore, the refinement of therapeutic targets. To understand the role of mTOR in early cystogenesis, we studied an in-house mouse model, Cd79a-Cre;Tsc1ff. (Cd79a-Tsc1 KO hereafter), recapitulating human autosomal-dominant PKD histology. Cre-mediated Tsc1 depletion driven by the promoter for Cd79a, a known B-cell receptor, activated mTORC1 exclusively along the distal nephron from embryonic day 16 onward. Cysts appeared in the distal nephron at 1 weeks of age and mice developed definite PKD by 4 weeks. Cd79a-Tsc1 KO tubule cells proliferated at a rate comparable to controls after birth but continued to divide even after postnatal day 14 when tubulogenesis is normally completed. Apoptosis occurred only after 9 weeks. During postnatal days 7-11, pre-cystic Cd79a-Tsc1 KO tubule cells showed cilia elongation, aberrant cell intercalation, and mitotic division, suggesting that defective cell planar polarity (PCP) may underlie cystogenesis. mTORC1 was activated in a portion of cyst-lining cells and occasionally even when Tsc1 was not depleted, implying a non-autonomous mechanism. Our results indicate that mTORC1 overactivation in developing distal tubules impairs their postnatal narrowing by disrupting morphogenesis, which orients an actively proliferating cell toward the elongating axis. The interplay between mTOR and cilium signaling, which coordinate cell proliferation with PCP, may be essential for cystogenesis.
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Su Z, Yang Y, Wang S, Zhao S, Zhao H, Li X, Niu Y, Qiu G, Wu Z, Wu N, Zhang TJ. The Mutational Landscape of PTK7 in Congenital Scoliosis and Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111791. [PMID: 34828397 PMCID: PMC8619039 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Depletion of ptk7 is associated with both congenital scoliosis (CS) and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in zebrafish models. However, only one human variant of PTK7 has been reported previously in a patient with AIS. In this study, we systemically investigated the variant landscape of PTK7 in 583 patients with CS and 302 patients with AIS from the Deciphering Disorders Involving Scoliosis and COmorbidities (DISCO) study. We identified a total of four rare variants in CS and four variants in AIS, including one protein truncating variant (c.464_465delAC) in a patient with CS. We then explored the effects of these variants on protein expression and sub-cellular location. We confirmed that the c.464_465delAC variant causes loss-of-function (LoF) of PTK7. In addition, the c.353C>T and c.2290G>A variants identified in two patients with AIS led to reduced protein expression of PTK7 as compared to that of the wild type. In conclusion, LoF and hypomorphic variants are associated with CS and AIS, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Su
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (S.Z.); (H.Z.); (G.Q.); (N.W.)
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (S.Z.); (H.Z.); (G.Q.); (N.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; (X.L.); (Y.N.); (Z.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shengru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (S.Z.); (H.Z.); (G.Q.); (N.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; (X.L.); (Y.N.); (Z.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Sen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (S.Z.); (H.Z.); (G.Q.); (N.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hengqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (S.Z.); (H.Z.); (G.Q.); (N.W.)
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; (X.L.); (Y.N.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; (X.L.); (Y.N.); (Z.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuchen Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; (X.L.); (Y.N.); (Z.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | | | - Guixing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (S.Z.); (H.Z.); (G.Q.); (N.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; (X.L.); (Y.N.); (Z.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhihong Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; (X.L.); (Y.N.); (Z.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (S.Z.); (H.Z.); (G.Q.); (N.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; (X.L.); (Y.N.); (Z.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Terry Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (Z.S.); (Y.Y.); (S.W.); (S.Z.); (H.Z.); (G.Q.); (N.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, Beijing 100730, China; (X.L.); (Y.N.); (Z.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Correspondence:
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Torban E, Sokol SY. Planar cell polarity pathway in kidney development, function and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021; 17:369-385. [PMID: 33547419 PMCID: PMC8967065 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00395-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) refers to the coordinated orientation of cells in the tissue plane. Originally discovered and studied in Drosophila melanogaster, PCP is now widely recognized in vertebrates, where it is implicated in organogenesis. Specific sets of PCP genes have been identified. The proteins encoded by these genes become asymmetrically distributed to opposite sides of cells within a tissue plane and guide many processes that include changes in cell shape and polarity, collective cell movements or the uniform distribution of cell appendages. A unifying characteristic of these processes is that they often involve rearrangement of actomyosin. Mutations in PCP genes can cause malformations in organs of many animals, including humans. In the past decade, strong evidence has accumulated for a role of the PCP pathway in kidney development including outgrowth and branching morphogenesis of ureteric bud and podocyte development. Defective PCP signalling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of developmental kidney disorders of the congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract spectrum. Understanding the origins, molecular constituents and cellular targets of PCP provides insights into the involvement of PCP molecules in normal kidney development and how dysfunction of PCP components may lead to kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Torban
- McGill University and McGill University Health Center Research Institute, 1001 Boulevard Decarie, Block E, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4A3J1.,Corresponding authors: Elena Torban (); Sergei Sokol ()
| | - Sergei Y. Sokol
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, 10029, USA,Corresponding authors: Elena Torban (); Sergei Sokol ()
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Myram S, Venzac B, Lapin B, Battistella A, Cayrac F, Cinquin B, Cavaniol C, Gropplero G, Bonnet I, Demolombe S, Descroix S, Coscoy S. A Multitubular Kidney-on-Chip to Decipher Pathophysiological Mechanisms in Renal Cystic Diseases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:624553. [PMID: 34124016 PMCID: PMC8188354 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.624553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a major renal pathology provoked by the deletion of PKD1 or PKD2 genes leading to local renal tubule dilation followed by the formation of numerous cysts, ending up with renal failure in adulthood. In vivo, renal tubules are tightly packed, so that dilating tubules and expanding cysts may have mechanical influence on adjacent tubules. To decipher the role of this coupling between adjacent tubules, we developed a kidney-on-chip reproducing parallel networks of tightly packed tubes. This original microdevice is composed of cylindrical hollow tubes of physiological dimensions, parallel and closely packed with 100-200 μm spacing, embedded in a collagen I matrix. These multitubular systems were properly colonized by different types of renal cells with long-term survival, up to 2 months. While no significant tube dilation over time was observed with Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells, wild-type mouse proximal tubule (PCT) cells, or with PCT Pkd1 +/- cells (with only one functional Pkd1 allele), we observed a typical 1.5-fold increase in tube diameter with isogenic PCT Pkd1 -/- cells, an ADPKD cellular model. This tube dilation was associated with an increased cell proliferation, as well as a decrease in F-actin stress fibers density along the tube axis. With this kidney-on-chip model, we also observed that for larger tube spacing, PCT Pkd1 -/- tube deformations were not spatially correlated with adjacent tubes whereas for shorter spacing, tube deformations were increased between adjacent tubes. Our device reveals the interplay between tightly packed renal tubes, constituting a pioneering tool well-adapted to further study kidney pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Myram
- Institut Curie, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Bastien Venzac
- Institut Curie, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Brice Lapin
- Institut Curie, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Aude Battistella
- Institut Curie, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Cayrac
- Institut Curie, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Cinquin
- Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, IPGG Technology Platform, UMS 3750 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Charles Cavaniol
- Institut Curie, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
- Fluigent SA, France
| | - Giacomo Gropplero
- Institut Curie, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Bonnet
- Institut Curie, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Demolombe
- Université Côte d’Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Labex ICST, Valbonne, France
| | - Stéphanie Descroix
- Institut Curie, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Coscoy
- Institut Curie, Université PSL (Paris Sciences & Lettres), Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Paris, France
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5
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Mitsuhata Y, Abe T, Misaki K, Nakajima Y, Kiriya K, Kawasaki M, Kiyonari H, Takeichi M, Toya M, Sato M. Cyst formation in proximal renal tubules caused by dysfunction of the microtubule minus-end regulator CAMSAP3. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5857. [PMID: 33712686 PMCID: PMC7954811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells organize an ordered array of non-centrosomal microtubules, the minus ends of which are regulated by CAMSAP3. The role of these microtubules in epithelial functions, however, is poorly understood. Here, we show that the kidneys of mice in which Camsap3 is mutated develop cysts at the proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs). PCTs were severely dilated in the mutant kidneys, and they also exhibited enhanced cell proliferation. In these PCTs, epithelial cells became flattened along with perturbation of microtubule arrays as well as of certain subcellular structures such as interdigitating basal processes. Furthermore, YAP and PIEZO1, which are known as mechanosensitive regulators for cell shaping and proliferation, were activated in these mutant PCT cells. These observations suggest that CAMSAP3-mediated microtubule networks are important for maintaining the proper mechanical properties of PCT cells, and its loss triggers cell deformation and proliferation via activation of mechanosensors, resulting in the dilation of PCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Mitsuhata
- Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Logistics, Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Misaki
- Ultrastructural Research Team, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yuna Nakajima
- Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Logistics, Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Keita Kiriya
- Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Logistics, Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Miwa Kawasaki
- Laboratory for Cell Adhesion and Tissue Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takeichi
- Laboratory for Cell Adhesion and Tissue Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Mika Toya
- Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Logistics, Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.
- Laboratory for Cell Adhesion and Tissue Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
- Major in Bioscience, Global Center for Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.
- Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Masamitsu Sato
- Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Logistics, Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
- Institute for Medical-Oriented Structural Biology, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
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Role of PKR in the Inhibition of Proliferation and Translation by Polycystin-1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5320747. [PMID: 31341901 PMCID: PMC6612395 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5320747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is mainly caused by mutations in the PKD1 (~85%) or PKD2 (~15%) gene which, respectively, encode polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2). How PC1 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis has been studied for decades but the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. Protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR) is activated by interferons or double-stranded RNAs, inhibits protein translation, and induces cell apoptosis. In a previous study, we found that PC1 reduces apoptosis through suppressing the PKR/eIF2α signaling. Whether and how PKR is involved in PC1-inhibited proliferation and protein synthesis remains unknown. Here we found that knockdown of PKR abolishes PC1-inhibited proliferation and translation. Because suppressed PKR-eIF2α signaling/activity by PC1 would stimulate, rather than inhibit, the proliferation and translation, we examined the effect of dominant negative PKR mutant K296R that has no kinase activity and found that it enhances the inhibition of proliferation and translation by PC1. Thus, our study showed that inhibition of cell proliferation and protein synthesis by PC1 is mediated by the total expression but not the kinase activity of PKR, possibly through physical association.
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7
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Untargeted gas chromatography–mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis of kidney and liver tissue from the Lewis Polycystic Kidney rat. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1118-1119:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Bhattarai SR, Begum S, Popow R, Ezratty EJ. The ciliary GTPase Arl3 maintains tissue architecture by directing planar spindle orientation during epidermal morphogenesis. Development 2019; 146:dev.161885. [PMID: 30952667 DOI: 10.1242/dev.161885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Arl/ARF GTPases regulate ciliary trafficking, but their tissue-specific functions are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ciliary GTPase Arl3 is required for mitotic spindle orientation of mouse basal stem cells during skin development. Arl3 loss diminished cell divisions within the plane of the epithelium, leading to increased perpendicular divisions, expansion of progenitor cells and loss of epithelial integrity. These observations suggest that an Arl3-dependent mechanism maintains cell division polarity along the tissue axis, and disruption of planar spindle orientation has detrimental consequences for epidermal architecture. Defects in planar cell polarity (PCP) can disrupt spindle positioning during tissue morphogenesis. Upon Arl3 loss, the PCP signaling molecules Celsr1 and Vangl2 failed to maintain planar polarized distributions, resulting in defective hair follicle angling, a hallmark of disrupted PCP. In the absence of Celsr1 polarity, frizzled 6 lost its asymmetrical distribution and abnormally segregated to the apical cortex of basal cells. We propose that Arl3 regulates polarized endosomal trafficking of PCP components to compartmentalized membrane domains. Cell-cell communication via ciliary GTPase signaling directs mitotic spindle orientation and PCP signaling, processes that are crucial for the maintenance of epithelial architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samip R Bhattarai
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Salma Begum
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rachel Popow
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ellen J Ezratty
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Guo C, Li S, Rao XR. New Goals and Strategies of Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 25:163-167. [PMID: 30815804 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-3065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a clinical syndrome with a series of clinical manifestations and metabolic disorders caused by many diseases, which are characterized by progressive deterioration or irreversible damage of renal structures and functions. With the progress of epidemiological research, CKD has brought about huge economic and psychological burdens. There is a considerable risk of cardiovascular events or death than progression to end-stage renal disease for patients. Particular attentions should be paid to the new goals of reducing cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. It is important to analyze the etiology and pathogenesis according to patients' ages, regions, primary disease as well as different stages of disease, and choose the appropriate therapeutic strategies accordingly. In clinical practice, due to the uncertainty of therapeutic effects of modern medicine based on the risk factors, it is necessary to use Chinese medicine (CM) to delay the disease progression and reduce comorbidities. Turbid toxin and blood stasis are two critical pathological factors worthy of concerns in the theory of CM. In addition, appropriate use of CM may help improve the quality of life of patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Rao
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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10
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Maas K, Mirabal S, Penzias A, Sweetnam PM, Eggan KC, Sakkas D. Hippo signaling in the ovary and polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:1763-1771. [PMID: 30120633 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1235-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide a commentary on our understanding of the role that the Hippo signaling pathway may play in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and how this understanding may impact the diagnosis of PCOS. METHODS We assessed publications discussing the role of the Hippo signaling pathway in the ovary. In particular, we discuss how Hippo signaling disruption after ovarian fragmentation, combined with treating ovarian fragments with phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) inhibitors and phosphoinositide-3-kinase stimulators to augment AKT signaling, has been used in treatment of patients with primary ovarian insufficiency. Furthermore, we discuss our own data on variations in Hippo signaling pathway gene expression in cumulus cells isolated from women undergoing IVF with a previous diagnosis of PCOS. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Aberrant Hippo signaling in PCOS patients is likely a contributing mechanism to the multifactorial etiology of the disease. Given the challenge of discerning the underlying etiology of oligo-ovulation in some patients, especially those with normal body mass indices, and the need for customized stimulation protocols for PCOS patients who have an increased risk of over-response and higher percentage of immature oocyte yield, it is important to identify these patients prior to treatment. Hippo gene expression fingerprints could potentially be used to more accurately define patients with PCOS. Additionally, targeting this pathway with pharmacologic agents could lead to non-surgical therapeutic options for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Maas
- Boston IVF, 130 Second Ave., Waltham, MA, 02451, USA.,OB/GYN, REI Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Fertility Specialists Medical Group, 8010 Frost Street Suite P, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA
| | - Sheyla Mirabal
- CellBridge LLC, Salem, MA, USA.,Nano Terra Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alan Penzias
- Boston IVF, 130 Second Ave., Waltham, MA, 02451, USA.,OB/GYN, REI Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul M Sweetnam
- CellBridge LLC, Salem, MA, USA.,Nano Terra Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Denny Sakkas
- Boston IVF, 130 Second Ave., Waltham, MA, 02451, USA.
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11
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Modeling Renal Disease "On the Fly". BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5697436. [PMID: 29955604 PMCID: PMC6000847 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5697436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Detoxification is a fundamental function for all living organisms that need to excrete catabolites and toxins to maintain homeostasis. Kidneys are major organs of detoxification that maintain water and electrolyte balance to preserve physiological functions of vertebrates. In insects, the renal function is carried out by Malpighian tubules and nephrocytes. Due to differences in their circulation, the renal systems of mammalians and insects differ in their functional modalities, yet carry out similar biochemical and physiological functions and share extensive genetic and molecular similarities. Evolutionary conservation can be leveraged to model specific aspects of the complex mammalian kidney function in the genetic powerhouse Drosophila melanogaster to study how genes interact in diseased states. Here, we compare the human and Drosophila renal systems and present selected fly disease models.
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12
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Chou CK, Tang CJ, Chou HL, Liu CY, Ng MC, Chang YT, Yuan SSF, Tsai EM, Chiu CC. The Potential Role of Krüppel-Like Zinc-Finger Protein Glis3 in Genetic Diseases and Cancers. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2017; 65:381-389. [PMID: 28523428 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-017-0470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gli-similar 3 (Glis3) belongs to a Glis subfamily of Krüppel-like zinc-finger transcription factors characterized to regulate a set of downstream targets essential for cellular functions, including pancreatic development, β-cell maturation and maintenance, and insulin production. Examination of the DNA-binding domain of Glis3 reveals that this domain contains a repeated cysteine 2/histidine 2 (Cys2/His2) zinc-finger motif in the central region where the recognized DNA sequence binds. The loss of the production of pancreatic hormones, such as insulin 1 and 2, is linked to the down-regulation of β cells-related genes and promotes the apoptotic death of β cells found in mutant Glis3. Although accumulating studies converge on the Glis3 functioning in β cells, recently, there have been developments in the field of Glis3 using knockdown/mutant mice to better understand the role of Glis3 in diseases. The Glis3 mutant mice have been characterized for their propensity to develop congenital hypothyroidism, polycystic kidney disease, and some types of cancer. In this review, we attempt to comprehensively summarize the knowledge of Glis3, including its structure and general function in cells. We also collected and organized the academic achievements related to the possible mechanisms of Glis3-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chon-Kit Chou
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ju Tang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Han-Lin Chou
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chong Ng
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Shyng-Shiou F Yuan
- Translational Research Center and Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- Research Center for Environment Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan. .,Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan. .,Translational Research Center and Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Environment Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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13
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Sánchez-López E, Happé H, Steenvoorden E, Crego AL, Marina ML, Peters DJM, Mayboroda OA. A cross-platform metabolomics workflow for volume-restricted tissue samples: application to an animal model for polycystic kidney disease. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:1940-1945. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00245a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic profiling provides an unbiased view of the physiological status of an organism as a “function” of the metabolic composition of a measured sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Sánchez-López
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Alcalá
- 28871 Alcalá de Henares
- Spain
| | - H. Happé
- Department of Human Genetics
- Leiden University Medical Center
- Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | - E. Steenvoorden
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics
- Leiden University Medical Center
- Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | - A. L. Crego
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Alcalá
- 28871 Alcalá de Henares
- Spain
| | - M. L. Marina
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Alcalá
- 28871 Alcalá de Henares
- Spain
| | - D. J. M. Peters
- Department of Human Genetics
- Leiden University Medical Center
- Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | - O. A. Mayboroda
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics
- Leiden University Medical Center
- Leiden
- The Netherlands
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14
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Kang HS, Takeda Y, Jeon K, Jetten AM. The Spatiotemporal Pattern of Glis3 Expression Indicates a Regulatory Function in Bipotent and Endocrine Progenitors during Early Pancreatic Development and in Beta, PP and Ductal Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157138. [PMID: 27270601 PMCID: PMC4896454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Glis-similar 3 (Glis3) has been implicated in the development of neonatal, type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we examined the spatiotemporal expression of Glis3 protein during embryonic and neonatal pancreas development as well as its function in PP cells. To obtain greater insights into the functions of Glis3 in pancreas development, we examined the spatiotemporal expression of Glis3 protein in a knockin mouse strain expressing a Glis3-EGFP fusion protein. Immunohistochemistry showed that Glis3-EGFP was not detectable during early pancreatic development (E11.5 and E12.5) and at E13.5 and 15.5 was not expressed in Ptf1a+ cells in the tip domains indicating that Glis3 is not expressed in multipotent pancreatic progenitors. Glis3 was first detectable at E13.5 in the nucleus of bipotent progenitors in the trunk domains, where it co-localized with Sox9, Hnf6, and Pdx1. It remained expressed in preductal and Ngn3+ endocrine progenitors and at later stages becomes restricted to the nucleus of pancreatic beta and PP cells as well as ductal cells. Glis3-deficiency greatly reduced, whereas exogenous Glis3, induced Ppy expression, as reported for insulin. Collectively, our study demonstrates that Glis3 protein exhibits a temporal and cell type-specific pattern of expression during embryonic and neonatal pancreas development that is consistent with a regulatory role for Glis3 in promoting endocrine progenitor generation, regulating insulin and Ppy expression in beta and PP cells, respectively, and duct morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Soon Kang
- Cell Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, 27709, NC, United States of America
| | - Yukimasa Takeda
- Cell Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, 27709, NC, United States of America
| | - Kilsoo Jeon
- Cell Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, 27709, NC, United States of America
| | - Anton M. Jetten
- Cell Biology Group, Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, 27709, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Suizu F, Hirata N, Kimura K, Edamura T, Tanaka T, Ishigaki S, Donia T, Noguchi H, Iwanaga T, Noguchi M. Phosphorylation-dependent Akt-Inversin interaction at the basal body of primary cilia. EMBO J 2016; 35:1346-63. [PMID: 27220846 PMCID: PMC4883026 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201593003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A primary cilium is a microtubule‐based sensory organelle that plays an important role in human development and disease. However, regulation of Akt in cilia and its role in ciliary development has not been demonstrated. Using yeast two‐hybrid screening, we demonstrate that Inversin (INVS) interacts with Akt. Mutation in the INVS gene causes nephronophthisis type II (NPHP2), an autosomal recessive chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy. Co‐immunoprecipitation assays show that Akt interacts with INVS via the C‐terminus. In vitro kinase assays demonstrate that Akt phosphorylates INVS at amino acids 864–866 that are required not only for Akt interaction, but also for INVS dimerization. Co‐localization of INVS and phosphorylated form of Akt at the basal body is augmented by PDGF‐AA. Akt‐null MEF cells as well as siRNA‐mediated inhibition of Akt attenuated ciliary growth, which was reversed by Akt reintroduction. Mutant phosphodead‐ or NPHP2‐related truncated INVS, which lack Akt phosphorylation sites, suppress cell growth and exhibit distorted lumen formation and misalignment of spindle axis during cell division. Further studies will be required for elucidating functional interactions of Akt–INVS at the primary cilia for identifying the molecular mechanisms underlying NPHP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Futoshi Suizu
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Hirata
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kohki Kimura
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuma Edamura
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tanaka
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoko Ishigaki
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Thoria Donia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hiroko Noguchi
- Department of Pathology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Iwanaga
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Noguchi
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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16
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Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a signalopathy of renal tubular epithelial cells caused by naturally occurring mutations in two distinct genes, polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) and 2 (PKD2). Genetic variants in PKD1, which encodes the polycystin-1 (PC-1) protein, remain the predominant factor associated with the pathogenesis of nearly two-thirds of all patients diagnosed with PKD. Although the relationship between defective PC-1 with renal cystic disease initiation and progression remains to be fully elucidated, there are numerous clinical studies that have focused upon the control of effector systems involving heterotrimeric G protein regulation. A major regulator in the activation state of heterotrimeric G proteins are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are defined by their seven transmembrane-spanning regions. PC-1 has been considered to function as an unconventional GPCR, but the mechanisms by which PC-1 controls signal processing, magnitude, or trafficking through heterotrimeric G proteins remains to be fully known. The diversity of heterotrimeric G protein signaling in PKD is further complicated by the presence of non-GPCR proteins in the membrane or cytoplasm that also modulate the functional state of heterotrimeric G proteins within the cell. Moreover, PC-1 abnormalities promote changes in hormonal systems that ultimately interact with distinct GPCRs in the kidney to potentially amplify or antagonize signaling output from PC-1. This review will focus upon the canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways that have been described in PKD with specific emphasis on which heterotrimeric G proteins are involved in the pathological reorganization of the tubular epithelial cell architecture to exacerbate renal cystogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taketsugu Hama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Frank Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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17
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Gandhirajan RK, Jain M, Walla B, Johnsen M, Bartram MP, Huynh Anh M, Rinschen MM, Benzing T, Schermer B. Cysteine S-Glutathionylation Promotes Stability and Activation of the Hippo Downstream Effector Transcriptional Co-activator with PDZ-binding Motif (TAZ). J Biol Chem 2016; 291:11596-607. [PMID: 27048650 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.712539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) and Yes-associated protein (YAP) are critical transcriptional co-activators downstream of the Hippo pathway involved in the regulation of organ size, tissue regeneration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Recent studies suggested common and distinct functions of TAZ and YAP and their diverse impact under several pathological conditions. Here we report differential regulation of TAZ and YAP in response to oxidative stress. H2O2 exposure leads to increased stability and activation of TAZ but not of YAP. H2O2 induces reversible S-glutathionylation at conserved cysteine residues within TAZ. We further demonstrate that TAZ S-glutathionylation is critical for reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated, TAZ-dependent TEA domain transcription factor (TEAD) trans-activation. Lysophosphatidic acid, a physiological activator of YAP and TAZ, induces ROS elevation and, subsequently, TAZ S-glutathionylation, which promotes TAZ-mediated target gene expression. TAZ expression is essential for renal homeostasis in mice, and we identify basal TAZ S-glutathionylation in murine kidney lysates, which is elevated during ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo This induced nuclear localization of TAZ and increased expression of connective tissue growth factor. These results describe a novel mechanism by which ROS sustains total cellular levels of TAZ. This preferential regulation suggests TAZ to be a redox sensor of the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Gandhirajan
- From the Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
| | - Manaswita Jain
- From the Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
| | - Benedikt Walla
- From the Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
| | - Marc Johnsen
- From the Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
| | - Malte P Bartram
- From the Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
| | - Minh Huynh Anh
- From the Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
| | - Markus M Rinschen
- From the Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and
| | - Thomas Benzing
- From the Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- From the Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, and Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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18
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Charrier LE, Loie E, Laprise P. Mouse Crumbs3 sustains epithelial tissue morphogenesis in vivo. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17699. [PMID: 26631503 PMCID: PMC4668553 DOI: 10.1038/srep17699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human apical protein CRB3 (Crb3 in mouse) organizes epithelial cell polarity. Loss of CRB3 expression increases the tumorogenic potential of cultured epithelial cells and favors metastasis formation in nude mice. These data emphasize the need of in vivo models to study CRB3 functions. Here, we report the phenotypic analysis of a novel Crb3 knockout mouse model. Crb3-deficient newborn mice show improper clearance of airways, suffer from respiratory distress and display perinatal lethality. Crb3 is also essential to maintain apical membrane identity in kidney epithelial cells. Numerous kidney cysts accompany these polarity defects. Impaired differentiation of the apical membrane is also observed in a subset of cells of the intestinal epithelium. This results in improper remodeling of adhesive contacts in the developing intestinal epithelium, thereby leading to villus fusion. We also noted a strong increase in cytoplasmic β-catenin levels in intestinal epithelial cells. β-catenin is a mediator of the Wnt signaling pathway, which is overactivated in the majority of colon cancers. In addition to clarifying the physiologic roles of Crb3, our study highlights that further functional analysis of this protein is likely to provide insights into the etiology of diverse pathologies, including respiratory distress syndrome, polycystic kidney disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie E. Charrier
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie/Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- CRCHU de Québec-axe oncologie, Québec, Canada
| | - Elise Loie
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie/Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- CRCHU de Québec-axe oncologie, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick Laprise
- Département de Biologie Moléculaire, Biochimie Médicale et Pathologie/Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- CRCHU de Québec-axe oncologie, Québec, Canada
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19
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Stephen LA, Tawamie H, Davis GM, Tebbe L, Nürnberg P, Nürnberg G, Thiele H, Thoenes M, Boltshauser E, Uebe S, Rompel O, Reis A, Ekici AB, McTeir L, Fraser AM, Hall EA, Mill P, Daudet N, Cross C, Wolfrum U, Jamra RA, Davey MG, Bolz HJ. TALPID3 controls centrosome and cell polarity and the human ortholog KIAA0586 is mutated in Joubert syndrome (JBTS23). eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26386247 PMCID: PMC4641851 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is a severe recessive neurodevelopmental ciliopathy which can affect several organ systems. Mutations in known JBTS genes account for approximately half of the cases. By homozygosity mapping and whole-exome sequencing, we identified a novel locus, JBTS23, with a homozygous splice site mutation in KIAA0586 (alias TALPID3), a known lethal ciliopathy locus in model organisms. Truncating KIAA0586 mutations were identified in two additional patients with JBTS. One mutation, c.428delG (p.Arg143Lysfs*4), is unexpectedly common in the general population and may be a major contributor to JBTS. We demonstrate KIAA0586 protein localization at the basal body in human and mouse photoreceptors, as is common for JBTS proteins, and also in pericentriolar locations. We show that loss of TALPID3 (KIAA0586) function in animal models causes abnormal tissue polarity, centrosome length and orientation, and centriolar satellites. We propose that JBTS and other ciliopathies may in part result from cell polarity defects. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08077.001 Joubert syndrome is a rare and severe neurodevelopmental disease in which two parts of the brain called the cerebellar vermis and brainstem do not develop properly. The disease is caused by defects in the formation of small projections from the surface of cells, called cilia, which are essential for signalling processes inside cells. Mutations in at least 25 genes are known to cause Joubert syndrome, and all encode proteins that create or maintain cilia. However, these mutations account for only half of the cases that have been studied, which indicates that mutations in other genes may also cause Joubert syndrome. Here, Stephen et al. used genetic techniques called ‘homozygosity mapping’ and ‘whole-exome sequencing’ to search for other mutations that might cause the disease. They found that mutations in a gene encoding a protein called KIAA0586 also cause Joubert syndrome in humans. One of these mutations (c.428delG) is unexpectedly common in the healthy human population. It might be a major contributor to Joubert syndrome, and the manifestation of Joubert syndrome in individuals with this mutation might depend on the presence and nature of other mutations in KIAA0586 and in other genes. The TALPID3 protein in chickens and other ‘model’ animals is the equivalent of human KIAA0586. A loss of TALPID3 protein in animals has been shown to stop cilia from forming. This protein is found in a structure called the basal body, which is part of a larger structure called the centrosome that anchors cilia to the cell. Here, Stephen et al. show that this is also true in mouse and human eye cells. Further experiments using chicken embryos show that a loss of the TALPID3 protein alters the location of centrosomes inside cells. TALPID3 is also required for cells and organs to develop the correct polarity, that is, directional differences in their structure and shape. The centrosomes of chicken brain cells that lacked TALPID3 were poorly positioned at the cell surface and abnormally long, which is likely responsible for the cilia failing to form. Stephen et al.'s findings suggest that KIAA0586 is also important for human development through its ability to control the centrosome. Defects in TALPID3 have a more severe effect on animal models than many of the identified KIAA0586 mutations have on humans. Therefore, the next step in this research is to find a more suitable animal in which to study the role of this protein, which may inform efforts to develop treatments for Joubert syndrome. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.08077.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Stephen
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hasan Tawamie
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gemma M Davis
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Tebbe
- Cell and Matrix Biology, Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gudrun Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michaela Thoenes
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eugen Boltshauser
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Uebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Rompel
- Institute of Radiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lynn McTeir
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Amy M Fraser
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emma A Hall
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Pleasantine Mill
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Daudet
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Courtney Cross
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, A.T. Still University, Mesa, United States
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Cell and Matrix Biology, Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rami Abou Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Centogene, Rostock, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Megan G Davey
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Hanno J Bolz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Bioscientia Center for Human Genetics, Bioscientia International Business, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
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20
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Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused by mutations in PKD1 or PKD2, which encode polycystin-1 and polycystin-2, respectively. Rodent models are available to study the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and for preclinical testing of potential therapies-either genetically engineered models carrying mutations in Pkd1 or Pkd2 or models of renal cystic disease that do not have mutations in these genes. The models are characterized by age at onset of disease, rate of disease progression, the affected nephron segment, the number of affected nephrons, synchronized or unsynchronized cyst formation and the extent of fibrosis and inflammation. Mouse models have provided valuable mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of PKD; for example, mutated Pkd1 or Pkd2 cause renal cysts but additional factors are also required, and the rate of cyst formation is increased in the presence of renal injury. Animal studies have also revealed complex genetic and functional interactions among various genes and proteins associated with PKD. Here, we provide an update on the preclinical models commonly used to study the molecular pathogenesis of ADPKD and test potential therapeutic strategies. Progress made in understanding the pathophysiology of human ADPKD through these animal models is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester Happé
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, S4-P, PO Box 9600, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Dorien J M Peters
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, S4-P, PO Box 9600, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
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21
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Goggolidou P, Hadjirin NF, Bak A, Papakrivopoulou E, Hilton H, Norris DP, Dean CH. Atmin mediates kidney morphogenesis by modulating Wnt signaling. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:5303-16. [PMID: 24852369 PMCID: PMC4168818 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage protein and transcription factor Atmin (Asciz) is required for both lung tubulogenesis and ciliogenesis. Like the lungs, kidneys contain a tubular network that is critical for their function and in addition, renal ciliary dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cystic kidney disease. Using the Atmin mouse mutant Gasping6 (Gpg6), we investigated kidney development and found it severely disrupted with reduced branching morphogenesis, resulting in fewer epithelial structures being formed. Unexpectedly, transcriptional levels of key cilia associated genes were not altered in AtminGpg6/Gpg6 kidneys. Instead, Gpg6 homozygous kidneys exhibited altered cytoskeletal organization and modulation of Wnt signaling pathway molecules, including β-catenin and non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway factors, such as Daam2 and Vangl2. Wnt signaling is important for kidney development and perturbation of Wnt signaling pathways can result in cystic, and other, renal abnormalities. In common with other PCP pathway mutants, AtminGpg6/Gpg6 mice displayed a shortened rostral-caudal axis and mis-oriented cell division. Moreover, intercrosses between AtminGpg6/+ and Vangl2Lp/+ mice revealed a genetic interaction between Atmin and Vangl2. Thus we show for the first time that Atmin is critical for normal kidney development and we present evidence that mechanistically, Atmin modifies Wnt signaling pathways, specifically placing it as a novel effector molecule in the non-canonical Wnt/PCP pathway. The identification of a novel modulator of Wnt signaling has important implications for understanding the pathobiology of renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Goggolidou
- Leukocyte Biology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nazreen F Hadjirin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Aggie Bak
- College of Nursing, Midwifery & Healthcare, University of West London, Middlesex TW8 9GB, UK
| | | | - Helen Hilton
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council, Harwell, UK
| | | | - Charlotte H Dean
- Leukocyte Biology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK Mammalian Genetics Unit, Medical Research Council, Harwell, UK
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Tissue-specific differences in the regulation of KIBRA gene expression involve transcription factor TCF7L2 and a complex alternative promoter system. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 92:185-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hayes M, Naito M, Daulat A, Angers S, Ciruna B. Ptk7 promotes non-canonical Wnt/PCP-mediated morphogenesis and inhibits Wnt/β-catenin-dependent cell fate decisions during vertebrate development. Development 2013; 140:1807-18. [PMID: 23533179 DOI: 10.1242/dev.090183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Using zebrafish, we have characterised the function of Protein tyrosine kinase 7 (Ptk7), a transmembrane pseudokinase implicated in Wnt signal transduction during embryonic development and in cancer. Ptk7 is a known regulator of mammalian neural tube closure and Xenopus convergent extension movement. However, conflicting reports have indicated both positive and negative roles for Ptk7 in canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling. To clarify the function of Ptk7 in vertebrate embryonic patterning and morphogenesis, we generated maternal-zygotic (MZ) ptk7 mutant zebrafish using a zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN) gene targeting approach. Early loss of zebrafish Ptk7 leads to defects in axial convergence and extension, neural tube morphogenesis and loss of planar cell polarity (PCP). Furthermore, during late gastrula and segmentation stages, we observe significant upregulation of β-catenin target gene expression and demonstrate a clear role for Ptk7 in attenuating canonical Wnt/β-catenin activity in vivo. MZptk7 mutants display expanded differentiation of paraxial mesoderm within the tailbud, suggesting an important role for Ptk7 in regulating canonical Wnt-dependent fate specification within posterior stem cell pools post-gastrulation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a plasma membrane-tethered Ptk7 extracellular fragment is sufficient to rescue both PCP morphogenesis and Wnt/β-catenin patterning defects in MZptk7 mutant embryos. Our results indicate that the extracellular domain of Ptk7 acts as an important regulator of both non-canonical Wnt/PCP and canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling in multiple vertebrate developmental contexts, with important implications for the upregulated PTK7 expression observed in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Hayes
- Program in Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
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Analysis of the REJ Module of Polycystin-1 Using Molecular Modeling and Force-Spectroscopy Techniques. JOURNAL OF BIOPHYSICS 2013; 2013:525231. [PMID: 23762046 PMCID: PMC3677617 DOI: 10.1155/2013/525231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polycystin-1 is a large transmembrane protein, which, when mutated, causes autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, one of the most common life-threatening genetic diseases that is a leading cause of kidney failure. The REJ (receptor for egg lelly) module is a major component of PC1 ectodomain that extends to about 1000 amino acids. Many missense disease-causing mutations map to this module; however, very little is known about the structure or function of this region. We used a combination of homology molecular modeling, protein engineering, steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations, and single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) to analyze the conformation and mechanical stability of the first ~420 amino acids of REJ. Homology molecular modeling analysis revealed that this region may contain structural elements that have an FNIII-like structure, which we named REJd1, REJd2, REJd3, and REJd4. We found that REJd1 has a higher mechanical stability than REJd2 (~190 pN and 60 pN, resp.). Our data suggest that the putative domains REJd3 and REJd4 likely do not form mechanically stable folds. Our experimental approach opens a new way to systematically study the effects of disease-causing mutations on the structure and mechanical properties of the REJ module of PC1.
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Basten SG, Giles RH. Functional aspects of primary cilia in signaling, cell cycle and tumorigenesis. Cilia 2013; 2:6. [PMID: 23628112 PMCID: PMC3662159 DOI: 10.1186/2046-2530-2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional cilia underlie a broad range of cellular and tissue phenotypes and can eventually result in the development of ciliopathies: pathologically diverse diseases that range from clinically mild to highly complex and severe multi-organ failure syndromes incompatible with neonatal life. Given that virtually all cells of the human body have the capacity to generate cilia, it is likely that clinical manifestations attributed to ciliary dysfunction will increase in the years to come. Disputed but nevertheless enigmatic is the notion that at least a subset of tumor phenotypes fit within the ciliopathy disease spectrum and that cilia loss may be required for tumor progression. Contending for the centrosome renders ciliation and cell division mutually exclusive; a regulated tipping of balance promotes either process. The mechanisms involved, however, are complex. If the hypothesis that tumorigenesis results from dysfunctional cilia is true, then why do the classic ciliopathies only show limited hyperplasia at best? Although disassembly of the cilium is a prerequisite for cell proliferation, it does not intrinsically drive tumorigenesis per se. Alternatively, we will explore the emerging evidence suggesting that some tumors depend on ciliary signaling. After reviewing the structure, genesis and signaling of cilia, the various ciliopathy syndromes and their genetics, we discuss the current debate of tumorigenesis as a ciliopathy spectrum defect, and describe recent advances in this fascinating field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander G Basten
- Department of Medical Oncology, UMC Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584 CG, The Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, F03.223, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel H Giles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, F03.223, 3584 CX, The Netherlands
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Kitagishi Y, Matsuda S. RUFY, Rab and Rap Family Proteins Involved in a Regulation of Cell Polarity and Membrane Trafficking. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:6487-98. [PMID: 23519112 PMCID: PMC3634510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14036487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell survival, homeostasis and cell polarity rely on the control of membrane trafficking pathways. The RUN domain (comprised of the RPIP8, UNC-14, and NESCA proteins) has been suggested to be implicated in small GTPase-mediated membrane trafficking and cell polarity. Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that the RUN domain-containing proteins might be responsible for an interaction with a filamentous network linked to actin cytoskeleton and/or microtubules. In addition, several downstream molecules of PI3K are involved in regulation of the membrane trafficking by interacting with vesicle-associated RUN proteins such as RUFY family proteins. In this review, we summarize the background of RUN domain research with an emphasis on the interaction between RUN domain proteins including RUFY proteins (designated as RUN and FYVE domain-containing proteins) and several small GTPases with respect to the regulation of cell polarity and membrane trafficking on filamentous network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Kitagishi
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Nara Women's University, Kita-Uoya Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan.
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Cheng LT, Nagata S, Hirano K, Yamaguchi S, Horie S, Ainscough J, Tada T. Cure of ADPKD by selection for spontaneous genetic repair events in Pkd1-mutated iPS cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32018. [PMID: 22347511 PMCID: PMC3276537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated by epigenetic reprogramming of personal somatic cells have limited therapeutic capacity for patients suffering from genetic disorders. Here we demonstrate restoration of a genomic mutation heterozygous for Pkd1 (polycystic kidney disease 1) deletion (Pkd1(+/−) to Pkd1(+/R+)) by spontaneous mitotic recombination. Notably, recombination between homologous chromosomes occurred at a frequency of 1∼2 per 10,000 iPSCs. Southern blot hybridization and genomic PCR analyses demonstrated that the genotype of the mutation-restored iPSCs was indistinguishable from that of the wild-type cells. Importantly, the frequency of cyst generation in kidneys of adult chimeric mice containing Pkd1(+/R+) iPSCs was significantly lower than that of adult chimeric mice with parental Pkd1(+/−) iPSCs, and indistinguishable from that of wild-type mice. This repair step could be directly incorporated into iPSC development programmes prior to cell transplantation, offering an invaluable step forward for patients carrying a wide range of genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tao Cheng
- Stem Cell Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shogo Nagata
- Stem Cell Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
- JST CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kunio Hirano
- Stem Cell Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
| | - Shinpei Yamaguchi
- Stem Cell Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
- JST CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigeo Horie
- Department of Urology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Justin Ainscough
- Cardiovascular and Neuronal Remodelling, LIGHT, Leeds University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Takashi Tada
- Stem Cell Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto Japan
- JST CREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Partridge R, Conlisk N, Davies JA. In-lab three-dimensional printing: an inexpensive tool for experimentation and visualization for the field of organogenesis. Organogenesis 2012; 8:22-7. [PMID: 22652907 PMCID: PMC3399707 DOI: 10.4161/org.20173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the microscope in 1590 by Zacharias Janssenby and Hans Lippershey gave the world a new way of visualizing details of morphogenesis and development. More recent improvements in this technology including confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical projection tomography (OPT) have enhanced the quality of the resultant image. These technologies also allow a representation to be made of a developing tissue’s three-dimensional (3-D) form. With all these techniques however, the image is delivered on a flat two-dimensional (2-D) screen. 3-D printing represents an exciting potential to reproduce the image not simply on a flat screen, but in a physical, palpable three-dimensional structure. Here we explore the scope that this holds for exploring and interacting with the structure of a developing organ in an entirely novel way. As well as being useful for visualization, 3-D printers are capable of rapidly and cost-effectively producing custom-made structures for use within the laboratory. We here describe the advantages of producing hardware for a tissue culture system using an inexpensive in-lab printer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Partridge
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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