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Gan L, Zheng L, Zou J, Luo P, Chen T, Zou J, Li W, Chen Q, Cheng L, Zhang F, Qian B. MicroRNA-21 in urologic cancers: from molecular mechanisms to clinical implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1437951. [PMID: 39114567 PMCID: PMC11304453 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1437951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The three most common kinds of urologic malignancies are prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer, which typically cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Early detection and effective treatment are essential due to their high fatality rates. As a result, there is an urgent need for innovative research to improve the clinical management of patients with urologic cancers. A type of small noncoding RNAs of 22 nucleotides, microRNAs (miRNAs) are well-known for their important roles in a variety of developmental processes. Among these, microRNA-21 (miR-21) stands out as a commonly studied miRNA with implications in tumorigenesis and cancer development, particularly in urological tumors. Recent research has shed light on the dysregulation of miR-21 in urological tumors, offering insights into its potential as a prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic tool. This review delves into the pathogenesis of miR-21 in prostate, bladder, and renal cancers, its utility as a cancer biomarker, and the therapeutic possibilities of targeting miR-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Gan
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liying Zheng
- Department of Graduate, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junrong Zou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Peiyue Luo
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tao Chen
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun Zou
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Li
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qi Chen
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Le Cheng
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fangtao Zhang
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Biao Qian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Urology and Andrology of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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2
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Hu S, Han X, Liu G, Wang S. LncRNAs as potential prognosis/diagnosis markers and factors driving drug resistance of osteosarcoma, a review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1415722. [PMID: 39015175 PMCID: PMC11249743 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1415722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a common malignancy that often occurs in children, teenagers and young adults. Although the treatment strategy has improved, the results are still poor for most patients with metastatic or recurrent osteosarcomas. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new and effective prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for diseases. Human genomes contain lncRNAs, transcripts with limited or insufficient capacity to encode proteins. They have been implicated in tumorigenesis, particularly regarding the onset, advancement, resistance to treatment, recurrence and remote dissemination of malignancies. Aberrant lncRNA expression in osteosarcomas has been reported by numerous researchers; lncRNAs have the potential to exhibit either oncogenic or tumor-suppressing behaviors and thus, to govern the advancement of this skeletal cancer. They are suspected to influence osteosarcoma cell growth, replication, invasion, migration, remote dissemination and programmed cell death. Additionally, they have been recognized as clinical markers, and may participate in the development of multidrug resistance. Therefore, the study of lncRNAs in the growth, metastasis, treatment and prognosis of osteosarcoma is very important for the active prevention and treatment of osteosarcoma. Consequently, this work reviews the functions of lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwang Hu
- The Orthopedic Center, Wenling First People’s Hospital (The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University), Wenling, China
| | - Xuebing Han
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Wenling First People’s Hospital (The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University), Wenling, China
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Alharbi KS. Exploring GAS5's impact on prostate cancer: Recent discoveries and emerging paradigms. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154851. [PMID: 37837861 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Novel treatment targets must be discovered to improve the results for patients with prostate cancer, which continues to be a significant worldwide health problem. Growth Arrest-Specific 5 (GAS5) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that has emerged as a promising target. GAS5 is a non-coding RNA that is a tumour suppressor in many different cancers by reducing cell proliferation and increasing apoptosis. GAS5 influences cell cycle control and apoptosis via interactions with important signalling pathways and microRNAs, as has been shown by recent studies. Furthermore, GAS5 has attracted interest for its diagnostic and prognostic potential in prostate cancer. GAS5 expression is a promising biomarker for disease classification and individualized treatment approaches because of its association with clinicopathological characteristics such as tumour stage, Gleason score, and metastatic potential. Preclinical models have revealed encouraging anticancer benefits from experimental techniques employing GAS5 overexpression or synthetic analogues, indicating the possibility of translational treatments. Whether GAS5 can be used as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target might lead to more effective and individualized ways to fight prostate cancer, improving patient outcomes and quality of life. To utilize its potential for therapy and establish it as a useful addition to the clinical arsenal against this pervasive malignancy, more investigation into the complex molecular pathways of GAS5 in prostate cancer is essential. This review highlights the recent advancements and insights into the role of GAS5 in prostate cancer pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Saad Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia.
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4
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Statsenko Y, Kuznetsov NV, Morozova D, Liaonchyk K, Simiyu GL, Smetanina D, Kashapov A, Meribout S, Gorkom KNV, Hamoudi R, Ismail F, Ansari SA, Emerald BS, Ljubisavljevic M. Reappraisal of the Concept of Accelerated Aging in Neurodegeneration and Beyond. Cells 2023; 12:2451. [PMID: 37887295 PMCID: PMC10605227 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic and epigenetic changes, oxidative stress and inflammation influence the rate of aging, which diseases, lifestyle and environmental factors can further accelerate. In accelerated aging (AA), the biological age exceeds the chronological age. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to reappraise the AA concept critically, considering its weaknesses and limitations. METHODS We reviewed more than 300 recent articles dealing with the physiology of brain aging and neurodegeneration pathophysiology. RESULTS (1) Application of the AA concept to individual organs outside the brain is challenging as organs of different systems age at different rates. (2) There is a need to consider the deceleration of aging due to the potential use of the individual structure-functional reserves. The latter can be restored by pharmacological and/or cognitive therapy, environment, etc. (3) The AA concept lacks both standardised terminology and methodology. (4) Changes in specific molecular biomarkers (MBM) reflect aging-related processes; however, numerous MBM candidates should be validated to consolidate the AA theory. (5) The exact nature of many potential causal factors, biological outcomes and interactions between the former and the latter remain largely unclear. CONCLUSIONS Although AA is commonly recognised as a perspective theory, it still suffers from a number of gaps and limitations that assume the necessity for an updated AA concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yauhen Statsenko
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (Y.S.); (G.L.S.); (D.S.); (A.K.); (S.M.); (K.N.-V.G.)
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.); (K.L.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.); (B.S.E.); (M.L.)
- Big Data Analytic Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nik V. Kuznetsov
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.); (K.L.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.); (B.S.E.); (M.L.)
| | - Daria Morozova
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.); (K.L.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.); (B.S.E.); (M.L.)
| | - Katsiaryna Liaonchyk
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.); (K.L.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.); (B.S.E.); (M.L.)
| | - Gillian Lylian Simiyu
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (Y.S.); (G.L.S.); (D.S.); (A.K.); (S.M.); (K.N.-V.G.)
| | - Darya Smetanina
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (Y.S.); (G.L.S.); (D.S.); (A.K.); (S.M.); (K.N.-V.G.)
| | - Aidar Kashapov
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (Y.S.); (G.L.S.); (D.S.); (A.K.); (S.M.); (K.N.-V.G.)
| | - Sarah Meribout
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (Y.S.); (G.L.S.); (D.S.); (A.K.); (S.M.); (K.N.-V.G.)
| | - Klaus Neidl-Van Gorkom
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (Y.S.); (G.L.S.); (D.S.); (A.K.); (S.M.); (K.N.-V.G.)
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.); (K.L.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.); (B.S.E.); (M.L.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PS, UK
| | - Fatima Ismail
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Suraiya Anjum Ansari
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.); (K.L.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.); (B.S.E.); (M.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bright Starling Emerald
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.); (K.L.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.); (B.S.E.); (M.L.)
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Milos Ljubisavljevic
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 27272, United Arab Emirates; (D.M.); (K.L.); (R.H.); (S.A.A.); (B.S.E.); (M.L.)
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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5
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Ataei A, Tahsili M, Hayadokht G, Daneshvar M, Mohammadi Nour S, Soofi A, Masoudi A, Kabiri M, Natami M. Targeting long noncoding RNAs in neuroblastoma: Progress and prospects. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:640-652. [PMID: 37291742 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the third most prevalent tumor that mostly influences infants and young children. Although different treatments have been developed for the treatment of NB, high-risk patients have been reported to have low survival rates. Currently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have shown an attractive potential in cancer research and a party of investigations have been performed to understand mechanisms underlying tumor development through lncRNA dysregulation. Researchers have just newly initiated to exhibit the involvement of lncRNAs in NB pathogenesis. In this review article, we tried to clarify the point we stand with respect to the involvement of lncRNAs in NB. Moreover, implications for the pathologic roles of lncRNAs in the development of NB have been discussed. It seems that some of these lncRNAs have promising potential to be applied as biomarkers for NB prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ataei
- School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | | | - Golsa Hayadokht
- School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | | | - Asma Soofi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Masoudi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Alied Medical Sciences, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Maryam Kabiri
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Natami
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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6
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Anoushirvani AA, Jafarian Yazdi A, Amirabadi S, Asouri SA, Shafabakhsh R, Sheida A, Hosseini Khabr MS, Jafari A, Tamehri Zadeh SS, Hamblin MR, Kalantari L, Talaei Zavareh SA, Mirzaei H. Role of non-coding RNAs in neuroblastoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:1190-1208. [PMID: 37217790 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-023-00623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is known as the most prevalent extracranial malignancy in childhood with a neural crest origin. It has been widely accepted that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play important roles in many types of cancer, including glioma and gastrointestinal cancers. They may regulate the cancer gene network. According to recent sequencing and profiling studies, ncRNAs genes are deregulated in human cancers via deletion, amplification, abnormal epigenetic, or transcriptional regulation. Disturbances in the expression of ncRNAs may act either as oncogenes or as anti-tumor suppressor genes, and can lead to the induction of cancer hallmarks. ncRNAs can be secreted from tumor cells inside exosomes, where they can be transferred to other cells to affect their function. However, these topics still need more study to clarify their exact roles, so the present review addresses different roles and functions of ncRNAs in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Arash Anoushirvani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sanaz Amirabadi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Ahmadi Asouri
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University, Kashan, Iran
| | - Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sheida
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadat Hosseini Khabr
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ameneh Jafari
- ATMP Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, P.O. BOX: 15179/64311, Tehran, Iran
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Leila Kalantari
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | | | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University, Kashan, Iran.
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7
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Logotheti S, Papadaki E, Zolota V, Logothetis C, Vrahatis AG, Soundararajan R, Tzelepi V. Lineage Plasticity and Stemness Phenotypes in Prostate Cancer: Harnessing the Power of Integrated "Omics" Approaches to Explore Measurable Metrics. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4357. [PMID: 37686633 PMCID: PMC10486655 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), the most frequent and second most lethal cancer type in men in developed countries, is a highly heterogeneous disease. PCa heterogeneity, therapy resistance, stemness, and lethal progression have been attributed to lineage plasticity, which refers to the ability of neoplastic cells to undergo phenotypic changes under microenvironmental pressures by switching between developmental cell states. What remains to be elucidated is how to identify measurements of lineage plasticity, how to implement them to inform preclinical and clinical research, and, further, how to classify patients and inform therapeutic strategies in the clinic. Recent research has highlighted the crucial role of next-generation sequencing technologies in identifying potential biomarkers associated with lineage plasticity. Here, we review the genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic events that have been described in PCa and highlight those with significance for lineage plasticity. We further focus on their relevance in PCa research and their benefits in PCa patient classification. Finally, we explore ways in which bioinformatic analyses can be used to determine lineage plasticity based on large omics analyses and algorithms that can shed light on upstream and downstream events. Most importantly, an integrated multiomics approach may soon allow for the identification of a lineage plasticity signature, which would revolutionize the molecular classification of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souzana Logotheti
- Department of Pathology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (S.L.); (E.P.); (V.Z.)
| | - Eugenia Papadaki
- Department of Pathology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (S.L.); (E.P.); (V.Z.)
- Department of Informatics, Ionian University, 49100 Corfu, Greece;
| | - Vasiliki Zolota
- Department of Pathology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (S.L.); (E.P.); (V.Z.)
| | - Christopher Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | | | - Rama Soundararajan
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vasiliki Tzelepi
- Department of Pathology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (S.L.); (E.P.); (V.Z.)
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8
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Safarpour-Dehkordi M, Samimi-Dehkordi N, Asgari M, Khademi R, Kabirian-Dehkordi M, Amiri M, Aali F. Co-expression network analysis for the identification of potential prostate cancer genes and in vitro confirmation of their expression in cell model in the presence of Staphylococcal tsst-1 gene. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 43:214-229. [PMID: 37610976 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2249544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer has arisen as an important life-threatening malignancy in males worldwide. Therefore, it is important to study underlying molecular pathways to be able to proposed appropriate a novel pathway of apoptosis in prostate cancer. This study aimed to explore the molecular effects of Staphylococcal tsst-1 gene on PC3 cell line apoptosis by in silico and in vitro studies. In this work, the differential expression of genes in prostate cancer was predicted by analyzing the public dataset GSE132063. Then, the pcDNA3.1 (+) vector was used to transfer tsst-1 gene to the PC3 cells and its effects was investigated using flow cytometry and qPCR. Co-expression network analysis indicated that lncRNAs had strong relationship with apoptosis genes in prostate cancer. Results of protein-protein docking indicated that BCL2L11, GRAMD3 and EGR1 interacted with tsst-1. Finally, the flow cytometry results showed that transfection by pcDNA3.1 (+)- tsst-1 could increase cellular death rates (48.15%) compared with the pcDNA3.1 (+) groups (6.35%); and the expression levels of GRAMD3, EGR1, BCL2L11 and PLAC4 were dysregulated in tsst-1 -transfected PC3 compared with empty-transfected PC3 (p < .05). In conclusion, our data will provide a novel landscape to understanding the mechanism of Staphylococcal tsst-1 gene on the PC3 cells apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Safarpour-Dehkordi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Nooshin Samimi-Dehkordi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohsen Asgari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Khademi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Kabirian-Dehkordi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Amiri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Faranak Aali
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
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9
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Haghighi R, Castillo-Acobo RY, H Amin A, Ehymayed HM, Alhili F, Mirzaei M, Mohammadzadeh Saliani S, Kheradjoo H. A thorough understanding of the role of lncRNA in prostate cancer pathogenesis; Current knowledge and future research directions. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154666. [PMID: 37487316 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
In the entire world, prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common and deadly cancers. Treatment failure is still common among patients, despite PCa diagnosis and treatment improvements. Inadequate early diagnostic markers and the emergence of resistance to conventional therapeutic approaches, particularly androgen-deprivation therapy, are the causes of this. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), as an essential group of regulatory molecules, have been reported to be dysregulated through prostate tumorigenesis and hold great promise as diagnostic targets. Besides, lncRNAs regulate the malignant features of PCa cells, such as proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. These multifunctional RNA molecules interact with other molecular effectors like miRNAs and transcription factors to modulate various signaling pathways, including AR signaling. This study aimed to compile new knowledge regarding the role of lncRNA through prostate tumorigenesis in terms of their effects on the various malignant characteristics of PCa cells; in light of these characteristics and the significant potential of lncRNAs as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for PCa. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS: Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Haghighi
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnord, Iran
| | | | - Ali H Amin
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Farah Alhili
- Medical technical college, Al-Farahidi University, Iraq
| | - Mojgan Mirzaei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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10
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Deploey N, Van Moortel L, Rogatsky I, Peelman F, De Bosscher K. The Biologist's Guide to the Glucocorticoid Receptor's Structure. Cells 2023; 12:1636. [PMID: 37371105 PMCID: PMC10297449 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and functions as a glucocorticoid (GC)-responsive transcription factor. GR can halt inflammation and kill off cancer cells, thus explaining the widespread use of glucocorticoids in the clinic. However, side effects and therapy resistance limit GR's therapeutic potential, emphasizing the importance of resolving all of GR's context-specific action mechanisms. Fortunately, the understanding of GR structure, conformation, and stoichiometry in the different GR-controlled biological pathways is now gradually increasing. This information will be crucial to close knowledge gaps on GR function. In this review, we focus on the various domains and mechanisms of action of GR, all from a structural perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Deploey
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (N.D.); (L.V.M.); (F.P.)
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research (TNRR) Laboratory, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Van Moortel
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (N.D.); (L.V.M.); (F.P.)
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research (TNRR) Laboratory, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inez Rogatsky
- Hospital for Special Surgery Research Institute, The David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Center, New York, NY 10021, USA;
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Frank Peelman
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (N.D.); (L.V.M.); (F.P.)
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (N.D.); (L.V.M.); (F.P.)
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Translational Nuclear Receptor Research (TNRR) Laboratory, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Gupta J, Abdulsahib WK, Turki Jalil A, Saadi Kareem D, Aminov Z, Alsaikhan F, Ramírez-Coronel AA, Ramaiah P, Farhood B. Prostate Cancer and microRNAs: New insights into Apoptosis. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154436. [PMID: 37062208 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is known as one of the most prevalent malignancies globally and is not yet curable owing to its progressive nature. It has been well documented that Genetic and epigenetic alterations maintain mandatory roles in PCa development. Apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death, has been shown to be involved in a number of physiological processes. Apoptosis disruption is considered as one of the main mechanism involved in lots of pathological conditions, especially malignancy. There is ample of evidence in support of the fact that microRNAs (miRNAs) have crucial roles in several cellular biological processes, including apoptosis. Escaping from apoptosis is a common event in malignancy progression. Emerging evidence revealed miRNAs capabilities to act as apoptotic or anti-apoptotic factors by altering the expression levels of tumor inhibitor or oncogene genes. In the present narrative review, we described in detail how apoptosis dysfunction could be involved in PCa processes and additionally, the mechanisms behind miRNAs affect the apoptosis pathways in PCa. Identifying the mechanisms behind the effects of miRNAs and their targets on apoptosis can provide scientists new targets for PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, U. P., India
| | - Waleed K Abdulsahib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Abduladheem Turki Jalil
- Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Hilla, 51001, Iraq.
| | | | - Zafar Aminov
- Department of Public Health and Healthcare management, Samarkand State Medical University, 18 Amir Temur Street, Samarkand, Uzbekistan; Department of Scientific Affairs, Tashkent State Dental Institute, 103 Makhtumkuli Str., Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Andrés Alexis Ramírez-Coronel
- Azogues Campus Nursing Career, Health and Behavior Research Group (HBR), Psychometry and Ethology Laboratory, Catholic University of Cuenca, Ecuador; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Group, CES University, Colombia; Educational Statistics Research Group (GIEE), National University of Education, Ecuador
| | | | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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12
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Borges DS, Vecchi L, Barros DCT, Arruda VM, Ferreira HSV, da Silva MF, Guerra JFDC, Siqueira RP, Araújo TG. Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid (AMPA) Modulate Glutathione S-Transferase in Non-Tumorigenic Prostate Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076323. [PMID: 37047296 PMCID: PMC10094733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) was developed in the early 1970s and has become the most used broad-spectrum herbicide in the world so far. Its main metabolite is aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and the accumulation of GLY and its derivative compounds raises some concerns regarding possible health outcomes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of GLY and AMPA on prostate cell lines by evaluating cell viability, proliferation, gene and protein expression, and cellular pathways involved in the response to oxidative stress. Our results indicated that GLY and AMPA reduced the cell viability of tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic prostate cell lines only at higher concentrations (10 mM GLY and 20 mM AMPA). In contrast, both compounds increased the clonogenicity of non-tumorigenic PNT2 cells, mainly at concentrations below the IC50 (5 mM GLY and 10 mM AMPA). Moreover, treatment of non-tumorigenic cells with low concentrations of GLY or AMPA for 48 h increased GSTM3 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, the treatments decrease the GST activity and induced an increase in oxidative stress, mainly at lower concentrations. Therefore, both compounds can cause cellular damage even at lower concentrations in non-tumorigenic PNT2 cells, mainly affecting cell proliferation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayanne Silva Borges
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Lara Vecchi
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil
| | - Deysse Carla Tolentino Barros
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Marques Arruda
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Helen Soares Valença Ferreira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Matheus Fernandes da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Joyce Ferreira da Costa Guerra
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Raoni Pais Siqueira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil
| | - Thaise Gonçalves Araújo
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 38700-002, MG, Brazil
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology Prof. Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-34-38142027
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13
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Bozgeyik E. Variations in genomic regions encoding long non-coding RNA genes associated with increased prostate cancer risk. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2023; 791:108456. [PMID: 36948485 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
From a single restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to next generation sequencing analysis that screens the entire human genome, testing for genomic variations provides a great and robust approach to cancer testing. Non-coding RNAs have been shown to have a major impact on the development and progression of human cancers, including prostate cancer. However, the low stability of these molecules under laboratory conditions has made their clinical utility challenging, as in the case of PCA3 long non-coding RNA. Since testing for variations in genomic regions encoding non-coding RNAs offers a promising approach for cancer testing, identification and interpretation of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with prostate cancer susceptibility is of great interest. Accordingly, here, for the first time, we review and discuss current available knowledge about genomic variation of long non-coding RNA molecules in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Bozgeyik
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
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Patel RS, Lui A, Hudson C, Moss L, Sparks RP, Hill SE, Shi Y, Cai J, Blair LJ, Bickford PC, Patel NA. Small molecule targeting long noncoding RNA GAS5 administered intranasally improves neuronal insulin signaling and decreases neuroinflammation in an aged mouse model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:317. [PMID: 36609440 PMCID: PMC9822944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Shifts in normal aging set stage for neurodegeneration and dementia affecting 1 in 10 adults. The study demonstrates that lncRNA GAS5 is decreased in aged and Alzheimer's disease brain. The role and targets of lncRNA GAS5 in the aging brain were elucidated using a GAS5-targeting small molecule NPC86, a frontier in lncRNA-targeting therapeutic. Robust techniques such as molecular dynamics simulation of NPC86 binding to GAS5, in vitro functional assays demonstrating that GAS5 regulates insulin signaling, neuronal survival, phosphorylation of tau, and neuroinflammation via toll-like receptors support the role of GAS5 in maintaining healthy neurons. The study demonstrates the safety and efficacy of intranasal NPC86 treatment in aged mice to improve cellular functions with transcriptomic analysis in response to NPC86. In summary, the study demonstrates that GAS5 contributes to pathways associated with neurodegeneration and NPC86 has tremendous therapeutic potential to prevent the advent of neurodegenerative diseases and dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha S. Patel
- grid.281075.90000 0001 0624 9286James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Ashley Lui
- grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Charles Hudson
- grid.281075.90000 0001 0624 9286James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Lauren Moss
- grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XDepartment of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Robert P. Sparks
- Present Address: UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655 USA
| | - Shannon E. Hill
- grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA ,grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XUSF Health Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Yan Shi
- grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XDepartment of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XDepartment of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Laura J. Blair
- grid.281075.90000 0001 0624 9286James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612 USA ,grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA ,grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XUSF Health Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Paula C. Bickford
- grid.281075.90000 0001 0624 9286James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612 USA ,grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XDepartment of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Niketa A. Patel
- grid.281075.90000 0001 0624 9286James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Research Service, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL 33612 USA ,grid.170693.a0000 0001 2353 285XDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
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15
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Shen Q, Wang H, Zhang L. TP63 Functions as a Tumor Suppressor Regulated by GAS5/miR-221-3p Signaling Axis in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Cancer Manag Res 2023; 15:217-231. [PMID: 36873253 PMCID: PMC9974772 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s387781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor protein p63 (TP63) has been proven to play a role as a tumor suppressor in some human cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of TP63 and analyze the underlying pathway dysregulating TP63 in NSCLC. Methods RT-qPCR and Western blotting assays were used to determine gene expression in NSCLC cells. The luciferase reporter assay was performed to explore the transcriptional regulation. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle and cell apoptosis. Transwell and CCK-8 assays were performed to test cell invasion and cell proliferation, respectively. Results GAS5 interacted with miR-221-3p, and its expression was significantly reduced in NSCLC. GAS5, as a molecular sponge, upregulated the mRNA and protein levels of TP63 by inhibiting miR-221-3p in NSCLC cells. The upregulation of GAS5 inhibited cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion, which was partially reversed by the knockdown of TP63. Interestingly, we found that GAS5-induced TP63 upregulation promoted tumor chemotherapeutic sensitivity to cisplatin therapy in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion Our results revealed the mechanism by which GAS5 interacts with miR-221-3p to regulate TP63, and targeting GAS5/miR-221-3p/TP63 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyou Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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16
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Wu Q, Zhou X, Wang Y, Hu Y. LncRNA GAS5 promotes spermidine‑induced autophagy through the miRNA‑31‑5p/NAT8L axis in pulmonary artery endothelial cells of patients with CTEPH. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:297. [PMID: 35920180 PMCID: PMC9434988 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a leading cause of pulmonary hypertension. The present study investigated the mechanisms of long non-coding RNA growth arrest-specific transcript 5 (GAS5) on spermidine (SP)-induced autophagy. Pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) were collected from patients with CTEPH and the rat model. Immunofluorescence, Western blots, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, bioinformatics, rapid amplification of cDNA ends assays, luciferase reporter assays, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assays, GFP-LC3 adenoviruses, tfLC3 assays and transmission electron microscopy were performed. The results revealed that SP-induced autophagy increased GAS5 in PAECs. The upregulation of GAS5 enhanced and the downregulation of GAS5 reversed the roles of SP in PAECs. Furthermore, GAS5 promoted SP-induced autophagy in PAECs by targeting miRNA-31-5p. The miRNA-31-5p mimic suppressed and the inhibitor promoted SP-induced autophagy. Furthermore, N-Acetyltransferase 8 Like (NAT8L) was a target gene of miRNA-31-5p and knockdown of NAT8L inhibited the autophagic levels of PAECs. In vivo, SP treatment decreased miRNA-31-5p and increased NAT8L levels, which was reversed by the knockdown of GAS5. The downregulation of GAS5 abolished the stimulatory role of SP in PAECs of CTEPH rats. In conclusion, GAS5 promoted SP-induced autophagy through miRNA-31-5p/NAT8L signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo and GAS5 may be a promising molecular marker for therapies of CTEPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Yamin Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
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17
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Reactive Oxygen Species and Long Non-Coding RNAs, an Unexpected Crossroad in Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710133. [PMID: 36077530 PMCID: PMC9456385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have recently been identified as key regulators of oxidative stress in several malignancies. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) must be constantly regulated to maintain cancer cell proliferation and chemoresistance and to prevent apoptosis. This review will discuss how lncRNAs alter the ROS level in cancer cells. We will first describe the role of lncRNAs in the nuclear factor like 2 (Nrf-2) coordinated antioxidant response of cancer cells. Secondly, we show how lncRNAs can promote the Warburg effect in cancer cells, thus shifting the cancer cell’s “building blocks” towards molecules important in oxidative stress regulation. Lastly, we explain the role that lncRNAs play in ROS-induced cancer cell apoptosis and proliferation.
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18
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Makgoo L, Mosebi S, Mbita Z. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in HIV-mediated carcinogenesis: Role in cell homeostasis, cell survival processes and drug resistance. Noncoding RNA Res 2022; 7:184-196. [PMID: 35991514 PMCID: PMC9361211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is accruing data implicating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the development and progression of non-communicable diseases such as cancer. These lncRNAs have been implicated in many diverse HIV-host interactions, some of which are beneficial to HIV propagation. The virus-host interactions induce the expression of HIV-regulated long non-coding RNAs, which are implicated in the carcinogenesis process, therefore, it is critical to understand the molecular mechanisms that underpin these HIV-regulated lncRNAs, especially in cancer formation. Herein, we summarize the role of HIV-regulated lncRNAs targeting cancer development-related processes including apoptosis, cell cycle, cell survival signalling, angiogenesis and drug resistance. It is unclear how lncRNAs regulate cancer development, this review also discuss recent discoveries regarding the functions of lncRNAs in cancer biology. Innovative research in this field will be beneficial for the future development of therapeutic strategies targeting long non-coding RNAs that are regulated by HIV, especially in HIV associated cancers.
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Chen J, Wei Z, Fu K, Duan Y, Zhang M, Li K, Guo T, Yin R. Non-apoptotic cell death in ovarian cancer: Treatment, resistance and prognosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112929. [PMID: 35429741 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is mostly diagnosed at an advanced stage due to the absence of effective screening methods and specific symptoms. Repeated chemotherapy resistance and recurrence before PARPi are used as maintenance therapies, lead to low survival rates and poor prognosis. Apoptotic cell death plays a crucial role in ovarian cancer, which is proved by current researches. With the ongoing development of targeted therapy, non-apoptotic cell death has shown substantial potential in tumor prevention and treatment, including autophagy, ferroptosis, necroptosis, immunogenic cell death, pyroptosis, alkaliptosis, and other modes of cell death. We systematically reviewed the research progress on the role of non-apoptotic cell death in the onset, development, and outcome of ovarian cancer. This review provides a more theoretical basis for exploring therapeutic targets, reversing drug resistance in refractory ovarian cancer, and establishing risk prediction models that help realize the clinical transformation of vital drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhichen Wei
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Kaiyu Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yuanqiong Duan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mengpei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Kemin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Rutie Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
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20
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Ebrahimi N, Parkhideh S, Samizade S, Esfahani AN, Samsami S, Yazdani E, Adelian S, Chaleshtori SR, Shah-Amiri K, Ahmadi A, Aref AR. Crosstalk between lncRNAs in the apoptotic pathway and therapeutic targets in cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 65:61-74. [PMID: 35597701 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The assertion that a significant portion of the mammalian genome has not been translated and that non-coding RNA accounts for over half of polyadenylate RNA have received much attention. In recent years, increasing evidence proposes non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as new regulators of various cellular processes, including cancer progression and nerve damage. Apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death critical for homeostasis and tissue development. Cancer cells often have inhibited apoptotic pathways. It has recently been demonstrated that up/down-regulation of various lncRNAs in certain types of tumors shapes cancer cells' response to apoptotic stimuli. This review discusses the most recent studies on lncRNAs and apoptosis in healthy and cancer cells. In addition, the role of lncRNAs as novel targets for cancer therapy is reviewed here. Finally, since it has been shown that lncRNA expression is associated with specific types of cancer, the potential for using lncRNAs as biomarkers is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ebrahimi
- Genetics Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sahar Parkhideh
- Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setare Samizade
- Department of Cellular and molecular, School of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Falavarjan, Iran
| | - Alireza Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Cellular and molecular, School of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Falavarjan, Iran
| | - Sahar Samsami
- Biotechnology department of Fasa University of medical science, Fasa, Iran
| | - Elnaz Yazdani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran; Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Adelian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Kamal Shah-Amiri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Iran.
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Xu Y, Ouyang Y. Long non-coding RNA growth arrest specific 5 regulates the T helper 17/regulatory T balance by targeting miR-23a in myasthenia gravis. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605211053703. [PMID: 35707849 PMCID: PMC9208058 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211053703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder. Recent studies report that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital roles in the pathogenesis of various diseases. This study explored the molecular mechanism of lncRNA growth arrest specific 5 (GAS5) in regulating the T helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T (Treg) cell balance in MG. Methods GAS5 and miR-23a expression levels were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Flow cytometry was performed to examine the proportion of Th17 and Treg cells in CD4+ T cells from MG patients. The interaction between GAS5 and miR-23a was verified by luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Levels of Th17 and Treg-related proteins were examined using western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results GAS5 expression levels were significantly decreased in the CD4+ T cells of MG patients, and GAS5 overexpression restrained Th17 differentiation in CD4+ T cells. Moreover, miR-23a was confirmed as a downstream target of GAS5 and negatively regulated by GAS5 through a direct interaction. Further exploration showed that GAS5 can inhibit Th17 differentiation by downregulating miR-23a. Conclusion Collectively, our results indicate that GAS5 can regulate the Th17/Treg balance by targeting miR-23a expression, providing a scientific basis for clinical therapeutic development for MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Ouyang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, P. R. China
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22
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Tumor Suppressive Effects of GAS5 in Cancer Cells. Noncoding RNA 2022; 8:ncrna8030039. [PMID: 35736636 PMCID: PMC9228804 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play important regulatory roles in cellular processes. Growth arrests specific transcript 5 (GAS5) is a lncRNA that is highly expressed during the cell cycle arrest phase but is downregulated in actively growing cells. Growth arrests specific transcript 5 was discovered to be downregulated in several cancers, primarily solid tumors, and it is known as a tumor suppressor gene that regulates cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis via multiple molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, GAS5 polymorphism was found to affect GAS5 expression and functionality in a cell-specific manner. This review article focuses on GAS5’s tumor-suppressive effects in regulating oncogenic signaling pathways, cell cycle, apoptosis, tumor-associated genes, and treatment-resistant cells. We also discussed genetic polymorphisms of GAS5 and their association with cancer susceptibility.
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23
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Giridharan M, Rupani V, Banerjee S. Signaling Pathways and Targeted Therapies for Stem Cells in Prostate Cancer. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:193-206. [PMID: 35434534 PMCID: PMC9003388 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently occurring cancers among men, and the current statistics show that it is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men. Over the years, research in PCa treatment and therapies has made many advances. Despite these efforts, the standardized therapies such as radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy and surgery are not considered completely effective in treating advanced and metastatic PCa. In most situations, fast-dividing tumor cells are targeted, leaving behind relatively slowly dividing, chemoresistant cells known as cancer stem cells. Therefore, following the seemingly successful treatments, the lingering quiescent cancer stem cells are able to renew themselves, undergo differentiation into mature tumor cells, and sufficiently reinitiate the disease, leading to cancer relapse. Thus, prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) have been reported to play a vital role in controlling the dynamics of tumorigenesis, progression, and resistance to therapies in PCa. However, the complete knowledge on the mechanisms regulating the stemness of PCSCs is still unclear. Thus, studying the stemness of PCSCs will allow for the development of more effective cancer therapies due to the durable response, resulting in a reduction in recurrences of cancer. In this Review, we will specifically describe the molecular mechanisms responsible for regulating the stemness of PCSCs. Furthermore, current developments in stem cell-specific therapeutic approaches along with future prospects will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuvanthi Giridharan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632104, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vasu Rupani
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632104, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satarupa Banerjee
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632104, Tamil Nadu, India
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24
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Abdi E, Latifi-Navid S. LncRNA polymorphisms and urologic cancer risk. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2022; 63:190-203. [PMID: 35178782 DOI: 10.1002/em.22472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Urologic cancers involve nearly one-quarter of all cancers and include the prostate, bladder, and kidney cancers. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and affect cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. LncRNAs expression is misregulated in urologic cancers, as their aberrant expression may make them capable of being utilized in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancers. LncRNAs polymorphisms can affect their structure, expression, and function by interfering with the associated target mRNAs. As a result, lncRNA polymorphisms may be linked to the mechanism driving cancer susceptibility. Therefore, SNPs in lncRNAs may be a beneficial biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of cancers, as they affect lncRNA role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Moreover, the genetic heredity of lncRNA SNPs affects the personal therapeutic response to drugs. In this study, the lncRNAs polymorphism is summarized in relation to urologic cancers. It is proposed that lncRNA-related polymorphisms, as an individual or combined genotypes, can predict urologic cancer risk, even clinical and prognostic outcomes. However, large-scale population-based prospective studies and comprehensive meta-analyses should be conducted to validate and use these lncRNAs SNPs as the indicators of urologic cancers. Future research should examine the function of these SNPs to explain their associations with urologic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmat Abdi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Saeid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
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25
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Wang JP, Li C, Ding WC, Peng G, Xiao GL, Chen R, Cheng Q. Research Progress on the Inflammatory Effects of Long Non-coding RNA in Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:835012. [PMID: 35359568 PMCID: PMC8961287 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.835012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an acute clinical event and an important cause of death and long-term disability. However, the underlying mechanism of the pathophysiological has not been fully elucidated and the lack of effective treatment a huge burden to individuals, families, and society. Several studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) might play a crucial role in TBI; they are abundant in the central nervous system (CNS) and participate in a variety of pathophysiological processes, including oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, blood-brain barrier protection, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis. Some lncRNAs modulate multiple therapeutic targets after TBI, including inflammation, thus, these lncRNAs have tremendous therapeutic potential for TBI, as they are promising biomarkers for TBI diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis prediction. This review discusses the differential expression of different lncRNAs in brain tissue during TBI, which is likely related to the physiological and pathological processes involved in TBI. These findings may provide new targets for further scientific research on the molecular mechanisms of TBI and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-peng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wen-cong Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Gang Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ge-lei Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- *Correspondence: Rui Chen,
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Quan Cheng,
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26
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Heydarnezhad Asl M, Pasban Khelejani F, Bahojb Mahdavi SZ, Emrahi L, Jebelli A, Mokhtarzadeh A. The various regulatory functions of long noncoding RNAs in apoptosis, cell cycle, and cellular senescence. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:995-1024. [PMID: 35106829 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of noncoding cellular RNAs involved in significant biological phenomena such as differentiation, cell development, genomic imprinting, adjusting the enzymatic activity, regulating chromosome conformation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and cellular senescence. The misregulation of lncRNAs interrupting normal biological processes has been implicated in tumor formation and metastasis, resulting in cancer. Apoptosis and cell cycle, two main biological phenomena, are highly conserved and intimately coupled mechanisms. Hence, some cell cycle regulators can influence both programmed cell death and cell division. Apoptosis eliminates defective and unwanted cells, and the cell cycle enables cells to replicate themselves. The improper regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle contributes to numerous disorders such as neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases, viral infection, anemia, and mainly cancer. Cellular senescence is a tumor-suppressing response initiated by environmental and internal stress factors. This phenomenon has recently attained more attention due to its therapeutic implications in the field of senotherapy. In this review, the regulatory roles of lncRNAs on apoptosis, cell cycle, and senescence will be discussed. First, the role of lncRNAs in mitochondrial dynamics and apoptosis is addressed. Next, the interaction between lncRNAs and caspases, pro/antiapoptotic proteins, and also EGFR/PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTORC1 signaling pathway will be investigated. Furthermore, the effect of lncRNAs in the cell cycle is surveyed through interaction with cyclins, cdks, p21, and wnt/β-catenin/c-myc pathway. Finally, the function of essential lncRNAs in cellular senescence is mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faezeh Pasban Khelejani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | | | - Leila Emrahi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asiyeh Jebelli
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Basic Science, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran.,Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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27
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Xiang X, Chen L, He J, Ma G, Li Y. LncRNA GAS5 rs145204276 Polymorphism Reduces Renal Cell Carcinoma Susceptibility in Southern Chinese Population. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1147-1158. [PMID: 35210817 PMCID: PMC8863339 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s348628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Methods Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyao Xiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linfa Chen
- Department of NeUrology, Huizhou Third People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, 516000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawen He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoda Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
- Maternal and Children’s Health Research Institute, Shunde Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shunde, 528300, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Guoda Ma, Maternal and Children’s Health Research Institute, Shunde Maternal and Children’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Shunde, 528300, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - You Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China
- You Li, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, People’s Republic of China, Email
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28
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Cao Z, Oyang L, Luo X, Xia L, Hu J, Lin J, Tan S, Tang Y, Zhou Y, Cao D, Liao Q. The roles of long non-coding RNAs in lung cancer. J Cancer 2022; 13:174-183. [PMID: 34976181 PMCID: PMC8692699 DOI: 10.7150/jca.65031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common malignancy, being a serious threat of human lives. The incidence and mortality of lung cancer has been increasing rapidly in the past decades. Although the development of new therapeutic modes, such as target therapy, the overall survival rate of lung cancer remains low. It is urgent to advance the understanding of molecular oncology and find novel biomarkers and targets for the early diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic prediction of lung cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein coding RNA transcripts that are more than 200 nucleotides in length. LncRNAs exert diverse biological functions by regulating gene expressions at transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. In the past decade, it has been shown that lncRNAs are extensively involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including lung cancer. In this review, we highlighted the lncRNAs characterized in lung cancer and discussed their translational potential in lung cancer clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Linda Oyang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Longzheng Xia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jinguan Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Shiming Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Clinical Research Center for Wound Healing in Hunan Province, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Deliang Cao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Clinical Research Center for Wound Healing in Hunan Province, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
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29
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Van der Mude A. A proposed Information-Based modality for the treatment of cancer. Biosystems 2021; 211:104587. [PMID: 34915101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2021.104587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Treatment modalities for cancer involve physical manipulations such as surgery, immunology, radiation, chemotherapy or gene editing. This is a proposal for an information-based modality. This modality does not change the internal state of the cancer cell directly - instead, the cancer cell is manipulated by giving it information to instruct the cell to perform an action. This modality is based on a theory of Structure Encoding in DNA, where information about body part structure controls the epigenetic state of cells in the process of development from pluripotent cells to fully differentiated cells. It has been noted that cancer is often due to errors in morphogenetic differentiation accompanied by associated epigenetic processes. This implies a model of cancer called the Epigenetic Differentiation Model. A major feature of the Structure Encoding Theory is that the characteristics of the differentiated cell are affected by inter-cellular information passed in the tissue microenvironment, which specifies the exact location of a cell in a body part structure. This is done by exosomes that carry fragments of long non-coding RNA and transposons, which convey structure information. In the normal process of epigenetic differentiation, the information passed may lead to apoptosis due to the constraints of a particular body part structure. The proposed treatment involves determining what structure information is being passed in a particular tumor, then adding artificial exosomes that overwhelm the current information with commands for the cells to go into apoptosis.
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30
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Morgan R, da Silveira WA, Kelly RC, Overton I, Allott EH, Hardiman G. Long non-coding RNAs and their potential impact on diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy in prostate cancer: racial, ethnic, and geographical considerations. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:1257-1271. [PMID: 34666586 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1996227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in high-throughput sequencing have greatly advanced our understanding of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in a relatively short period of time. This has expanded our knowledge of cancer, particularly how lncRNAs drive many important cancer phenotypes via their regulation of gene expression. AREAS COVERED Men of African descent are disproportionately affected by PC in terms of incidence, morbidity, and mortality. LncRNAs could serve as biomarkers to differentiate low-risk from high-risk diseases. Additionally, they may represent therapeutic targets for advanced and castrate-resistant cancer. We review current research surrounding lncRNAs and their association with PC. We discuss how lncRNAs can provide new insights and diagnostic biomarkers for African American men. Finally, we review advances in computational approaches that predict the regulatory effects of lncRNAs in cancer. EXPERT OPINION PC diagnostic biomarkers that offer high specificity and sensitivity are urgently needed. PC specific lncRNAs are compelling as diagnostic biomarkers owing to their high tissue and tumor specificity and presence in bodily fluids. Recent studies indicate that PCA3 clinical utility might be restricted to men of European descent. Further work is required to develop lncRNA biomarkers tailored for men of African descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Morgan
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Willian Abraham da Silveira
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ryan Christopher Kelly
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ian Overton
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Emma H Allott
- Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, South Carolina
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31
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Structural insights into glucocorticoid receptor function. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2333-2343. [PMID: 34709368 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a steroid hormone-activated transcription factor that binds to various glucocorticoid response elements to up- or down- regulate the transcription of thousands of genes involved in metabolism, development, stress and inflammatory responses. GR consists of two domains enabling interaction with glucocorticoids, DNA response elements and coregulators, as well as a large intrinsically disordered region that mediates condensate formation. A growing body of structural studies during the past decade have shed new light on GR interactions, providing a new understanding of the mechanisms driving context-specific GR activity. Here, we summarize the established and emerging mechanisms of action of GR, primarily from a structural perspective. This minireview also discusses how the current state of knowledge of GR function may guide future glucocorticoid design with an improved therapeutic index for different inflammatory disorders.
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32
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Winkler L, Dimitrova N. A mechanistic view of long noncoding RNAs in cancer. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2021; 13:e1699. [PMID: 34668345 PMCID: PMC9016092 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important modulators of a wide range of biological processes in normal and disease states. In particular, lncRNAs have garnered significant interest as novel players in the molecular pathology of cancer, spurring efforts to define the functions, and elucidate the mechanisms through which cancer‐associated lncRNAs operate. In this review, we discuss the prevalent mechanisms employed by lncRNAs, with a critical assessment of the methodologies used to determine each molecular function. We survey the abilities of cancer‐associated lncRNAs to enact diverse trans functions throughout the nucleus and in the cytoplasm and examine the local roles of cis‐acting lncRNAs in modulating the expression of neighboring genes. In linking lncRNA functions and mechanisms to their roles in cancer biology, we contend that a detailed molecular understanding of lncRNA functionality is key to elucidating their contributions to tumorigenesis and to unlocking their therapeutic potential. This article is categorized under:Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Winkler
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nadya Dimitrova
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Zhou L, Wang Z, Tian X, Peng L. LPI-deepGBDT: a multiple-layer deep framework based on gradient boosting decision trees for lncRNA-protein interaction identification. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:479. [PMID: 34607567 PMCID: PMC8489074 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in various biological and pathological processes. Discovery of lncRNA–protein interactions (LPIs) contributes to understand the biological functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs. Although wet experiments find a few interactions between lncRNAs and proteins, experimental techniques are costly and time-consuming. Therefore, computational methods are increasingly exploited to uncover the possible associations. However, existing computational methods have several limitations. First, majority of them were measured based on one simple dataset, which may result in the prediction bias. Second, few of them are applied to identify relevant data for new lncRNAs (or proteins). Finally, they failed to utilize diverse biological information of lncRNAs and proteins. Results Under the feed-forward deep architecture based on gradient boosting decision trees (LPI-deepGBDT), this work focuses on classify unobserved LPIs. First, three human LPI datasets and two plant LPI datasets are arranged. Second, the biological features of lncRNAs and proteins are extracted by Pyfeat and BioProt, respectively. Thirdly, the features are dimensionally reduced and concatenated as a vector to represent an lncRNA–protein pair. Finally, a deep architecture composed of forward mappings and inverse mappings is developed to predict underlying linkages between lncRNAs and proteins. LPI-deepGBDT is compared with five classical LPI prediction models (LPI-BLS, LPI-CatBoost, PLIPCOM, LPI-SKF, and LPI-HNM) under three cross validations on lncRNAs, proteins, lncRNA–protein pairs, respectively. It obtains the best average AUC and AUPR values under the majority of situations, significantly outperforming other five LPI identification methods. That is, AUCs computed by LPI-deepGBDT are 0.8321, 0.6815, and 0.9073, respectively and AUPRs are 0.8095, 0.6771, and 0.8849, respectively. The results demonstrate the powerful classification ability of LPI-deepGBDT. Case study analyses show that there may be interactions between GAS5 and Q15717, RAB30-AS1 and O00425, and LINC-01572 and P35637. Conclusions Integrating ensemble learning and hierarchical distributed representations and building a multiple-layered deep architecture, this work improves LPI prediction performance as well as effectively probes interaction data for new lncRNAs/proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Zhou
- School of Computer Science, Hunan University of Technology, No. 88, Taishan West Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- School of Computer Science, Hunan University of Technology, No. 88, Taishan West Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Xiongfei Tian
- School of Computer Science, Hunan University of Technology, No. 88, Taishan West Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Lihong Peng
- School of Computer Science, Hunan University of Technology, No. 88, Taishan West Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou, China. .,College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, No. 88, Taishan West Road, Tianyuan District, Zhuzhou, China.
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Zhao S, Liu P, Ruan Z, Li J, Zeng S, Zhong M, Tang L. Association between long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) GAS5 polymorphism rs145204276 and cancer risk. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211039798. [PMID: 34521242 PMCID: PMC8447101 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211039798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) growth arrest‑specific transcript 5 (GAS5) plays an important role in various tumors, and an increasing number of studies have explored the association of the GAS5 rs145204276 polymorphism with cancer risk with inconclusive results. METHODS PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane databases, and Web of Science were searched, and nine studies involving 6107 cases and 7909 controls were deemed eligible. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the relationship between rs145204276 and cancer risk in six genetic models. RESULTS The pooled results suggest that the variant allele del was not associated with overall cancer risk. However, the subgroup analysis showed that allele del was significantly associated with a 22% decreased risk of gastrointestinal cancer (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.72-0.85). Both sensitivity analyses and trial sequential analyses (TSA) demonstrated that the subgroup results were reliable and robust. Moreover, False-Positive Report Probability (FPRP) analysis indicated that the results had true significant correlations. CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence that the GAS5 rs145204276 polymorphism is associated with the susceptibility to gastrointestinal cancer. Further studies with different ethnicities and larger sample sizes are warranted to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushan Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhe Ruan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianhuang Li
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meizuo Zhong
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lanhua Tang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Lv S, Pu X, Luo M, Wen H, Xu Z, Wei Q, Dang Q. Long noncoding RNA GAS5 interacts and suppresses androgen receptor activity in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2021; 81:893-901. [PMID: 34184786 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) plays an important role in the progression of prostate cancer and is the most important therapeutic target. However, androgen deprivation therapy will finally lead patients to progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Here, we confirmed that GAS5, a long noncoding RNA, could interact and suppress AR transactivation in CRPC C4-2 cells. Knockdown GAS5 by short hairpin RNA would enhance the transcription of AR via promote AR recruitment to the promoter of its downstream target genes. Functionally, GAS5 overexpression inhibits cell proliferation partially through inhibiting AR transactivation in C4-2 cells. Moreover, knocking down GAS5 protects C4-2 cells from the docetaxel-induced cell apoptosis. In return, the suppressed AR was found to downregulate the GAS5 expression, which forms a feedback loop resulted in AR high transcription activity in CRPC. Collectively, our findings revealed the important role of GAS5 in AR axis activity regulation and CRPC progression. Targeting GAS5 to intervene the feedback loop might be a new potential therapeutic approach for the patients at CRPC stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Lv
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaochun Pu
- Sleep Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mayao Luo
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haoran Wen
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuofan Xu
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Dang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Lu C, Wei D, Zhang Y, Wang P, Zhang W. Long Non-Coding RNAs as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Breast Cancer: Progress and Prospects. Front Oncol 2021; 11:710538. [PMID: 34527584 PMCID: PMC8436618 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.710538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide, excluding non-melanoma skin cancer. It is now well understood that breast cancer is a heterogeneous entity that exhibits distinctive histological and biological features, treatment responses and prognostic patterns. Therefore, the identification of novel ideal diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is of utmost importance. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly defined as transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that lack coding potential. Extensive research has shown that lncRNAs are involved in multiple human cancers, including breast cancer. LncRNAs with dysregulated expression can act as oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes to regulate malignant transformation processes, such as proliferation, invasion, migration and drug resistance. Intriguingly, the expression profiles of lncRNAs tend to be highly cell-type-specific, tissue-specific, disease-specific or developmental stage-specific, which makes them suitable biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Duncan Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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SnoRNA in Cancer Progression, Metastasis and Immunotherapy Response. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080809. [PMID: 34440039 PMCID: PMC8389557 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary A much larger number of small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) have been found encoded within our genomes than we ever expected to see. The activities of the snoRNAs were thought restricted to the nucleolus, where they were first discovered. Now, however, their significant number suggests that their functions are more diverse. Studies in cancers have shown snoRNA levels to associate with different stages of disease progression, including with metastasis. In addition, relationships between snoRNA levels and response to immunotherapies, have been reported. Emerging technologies now allow snoRNA to be targeted directly in cancers, and the therapeutic value of this is being explored. Abstract Small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) were one of our earliest recognised classes of non-coding RNA, but were largely ignored by cancer investigators due to an assumption that their activities were confined to the nucleolus. However, as full genome sequences have become available, many new snoRNA genes have been identified, and multiple studies have shown their functions to be diverse. The consensus now is that many snoRNA are dysregulated in cancers, are differentially expressed between cancer types, stages and metastases, and they can actively modify disease progression. In addition, the regulation of the snoRNA class is dominated by the cancer-supporting mTOR signalling pathway, and they may have particular significance to immune cell function and anti-tumour immune responses. Given the recent advent of therapeutics that can target RNA molecules, snoRNA have robust potential as drug targets, either solely or in the context of immunotherapies.
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Chatterjee M, Viswanathan P. Long noncoding RNAs in the regulation of p53-mediated apoptosis in human cancers. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1364-1382. [PMID: 33760332 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are widely known for their regulatory function in transcriptional and posttranscriptional processes. The involvement of such non-protein-coding RNAs in nuclear organization and chromatin remodeling is often associated with an increased risk of human malignancies. In cancer, lncRNAs either promote cell survival or may act as a growth suppressor, thus conferring a key regulatory function other than their established role in fundamental cellular processes. Interestingly, lncRNAs interfere with the stages of apoptosis and related pathways involving p53. Many of these molecules either regulate or are regulated by p53 while mounting oncogenic events. Consequently, they may confer both prosurvival or proapoptotic functions depending upon the tissue type. Since the mechanism of cell death is bypassed in many human cancers, it has emerged that the lncRNAs are either overexpressed or knocked down to sensitize cells to apoptotic stimuli. Nonetheless, the abundant expression of lncRNAs in tumor cells renders them suitable targets for anticancer therapies. Although the role of lncRNAs in the p53 network and apoptosis has been independently defined, their interplay in activating p53-target genes during cell cycle arrest remains unexplored. Thus, we have specifically reviewed the possible involvement of lncRNAs in the p53-mediated apoptosis of human cancer cells. In particular, we summarize the growing evidence from individual studies and analyze whether lncRNAs are essential to facilitate apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner. This may lead to the identification of p53-associated lncRNAs that are suitable therapeutic targets or diagnostic/prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjima Chatterjee
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pragasam Viswanathan
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Filippova EA, Fridman MV, Burdennyy AM, Loginov VI, Pronina IV, Lukina SS, Dmitriev AA, Braga EA. Long Noncoding RNA GAS5 in Breast Cancer: Epigenetic Mechanisms and Biological Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136810. [PMID: 34202777 PMCID: PMC8267719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as contributors to the development and progression of cancer through various functions and mechanisms. LncRNA GAS5 is downregulated in multiple cancers and acts as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. GAS5 interacts with various proteins (e.g., E2F1, EZH2, and YAP), DNA (e.g., the insulin receptor promoter), and various microRNAs (miRNAs). In breast cancer, GAS5 binds with miR-21, miR-222, miR-221-3p, miR-196a-5p, and miR-378a-5p that indicates the presence of several elements for miRNA binding (MREs) in GAS5. Mediated by the listed miRNAs, GAS5 is involved in the upregulation of a number of mRNAs of suppressor proteins such as PTEN, PDCD4, DKK2, FOXO1, and SUFU. Furthermore, the aberrant promoter methylation is involved in the regulation of GAS5 gene expression in triple-negative breast cancer and some other carcinomas. GAS5 can stimulate apoptosis in breast cancer via diverse pathways, including cell death receptors and mitochondrial signaling pathways. GAS5 is also a key player in the regulation of some crucial signal pathways in breast cancer, such as PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, and NF-κB signaling. Through epigenetic and other mechanisms, GAS5 can increase sensitivity to multiple drugs and improve prognosis. GAS5 is thus a promising target in the treatment of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena A. Filippova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.F.); (A.M.B.); (V.I.L.); (I.V.P.); (S.S.L.)
| | - Marina V. Fridman
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexey M. Burdennyy
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.F.); (A.M.B.); (V.I.L.); (I.V.P.); (S.S.L.)
| | - Vitaly I. Loginov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.F.); (A.M.B.); (V.I.L.); (I.V.P.); (S.S.L.)
| | - Irina V. Pronina
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.F.); (A.M.B.); (V.I.L.); (I.V.P.); (S.S.L.)
| | - Svetlana S. Lukina
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.F.); (A.M.B.); (V.I.L.); (I.V.P.); (S.S.L.)
| | - Alexey A. Dmitriev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Eleonora A. Braga
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (E.A.F.); (A.M.B.); (V.I.L.); (I.V.P.); (S.S.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Al Mourgi M, El Askary A, Gharib AF, Alzahrani R, Banjer HJ, Elsawy WH, Al Ghamdi AER, Raafat N. Circulating Long Non-Coding RNA GAS5: A Non-Invasive Molecular Marker for Prognosis, Response to Treatment and Survival in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Invest 2021; 39:505-513. [PMID: 33969786 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1928167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Circulating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are dysregulated in several diseases, especially cancers, e.g. non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Of specific notice in this regard is growth arrest-specific 5 gene (lncRNA GAS5), which is principally recognised as a tumor suppressor gene in numerous cancers. Functionally, GAS5 is involved in arresting cellular growth and induction of apoptosis. We analysed plasma GAS5 expression by qRT-PCR in 100 patients with NSCLC before and after tumour resection surgery. We reported a downregulation of GAS5 expression in NSCLC tissue and plasma, which showed elevation after surgery. Downregulation of GAS5 was associated with poor prognosis of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Al Mourgi
- Department of Surgery, Medical College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad El Askary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal F Gharib
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajab Alzahrani
- Department of Surgery, Medical College, Al Baha University, Al Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamsa Jameel Banjer
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael H Elsawy
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Nermin Raafat
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Current Trends in Prevalence and Role of Long Noncoding RNA and Gene Fusion in Prostate Cancer: An Overview. ANNALS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (INDIA) 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1729780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study is to analyze the current scenario in the diagnostic modalities for prostate cancer.
Materials and Methods We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate for relevant data. Articles published in the last 10 years were taken into consideration. The role of long noncoding RNA and gene fusion products in the context of prostate cancer was reviewed, which included their roles in diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of response to therapy.
Results Several long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have been isolated and have been shown to be useful in diagnosing and prognosticating prostate cancer. We have also looked into the role of TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion in prostate carcinoma diagnosis. These molecular parameters have been looked into due to the fact that the current parameters in use such as prostate-specific antigen have several drawbacks that limit their potential.
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Shan Y, Huang Y, Lee AM, Mentzer J, Ling A, Huang RS. A Long Noncoding RNA, GAS5 Can Be a Biomarker for Docetaxel Response in Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:675215. [PMID: 34094978 PMCID: PMC8176853 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.675215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While functional studies of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have mostly focused on how they influence disease diagnosis and prognosis, the pharmacogenomic relevance of lncRNAs remains largely unknown. Here, we test the hypothesis that the expression of a lncRNA, grow arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) can be a biomarker for docetaxel response in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) using both prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines and CRPC patient datasets. Our results suggest that lower GAS5 expression is associated with docetaxel resistance in both PCa cell lines and CRPC patients. Further experiments also suggest that GAS5 is downregulated in docetaxel resistant CRPC cell lines, which reinforces its potential as a biomarker for docetaxel response. To examine the underlying biological mechanisms, we transiently knockdown GAS5 expression in PCa cell lines and then subject the cells to docetaxel treatment overtime. We did not observe a decrease in docetaxel induced growth inhibition or apoptosis in the siRNA treated cells. The findings suggest that there is no direct causal relationship between change in GAS5 expression and docetaxel response. Subsequently, we explored the indirect regulation among GAS5, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1), and docetaxel sensitivity. We showed that transient knockdown GAS5 did not lead to significant changes in ABCB1 expression. Therefore, we rule out the hypothesis that GAS5 directly down regulate ABCB1 that lead to docetaxel sensitivity. In conclusion, our work suggests that GAS5 can serve as a predictive biomarker for docetaxel response in CRPC; however, the exact mechanism behind the observed correlation remain to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Shan
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Yingbo Huang
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Adam M Lee
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Joshua Mentzer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Alexander Ling
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - R Stephanie Huang
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Gao Z, Huang D. lncRNA GAS5‑mediated miR‑23a‑3p promotes inflammation and cell apoptosis by targeting TLR4 in a cell model of sepsis. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:510. [PMID: 33982771 PMCID: PMC8138517 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a syndrome characterized by organ dysfunction and an abnormal immune response to infection. A growing body of research has shown the importance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in tumorigenesis, virus replication, inflammatory injury and other pathological processes. The aim of the present study was to explore the role and potential mechanism of the lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and apoptosis of THP-1 cells. An in vitro sepsis model was established by treating THP-1 cells with LPS. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and ELISA, and those of GAS5, microRNA (miR)-23a-3p and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were detected by RT-qPCR. The changes in the biological activity of THP-1 cells induced by the silencing of GAS5 and overexpression of miR-23a-3p and TLR4 were investigated. The relationships among GAS5, miR-23a-3p and TLR4 were analyzed using luciferase reporter assays. The results revealed that LPS increased the expression of GAS5 in THP-1 cells, and GAS5 knockdown effectively inhibited inflammation and cell apoptosis in the LPS-induced sepsis model. In addition, the results of the luciferase reporter assays indicated that both GAS5 and TLR4 directly target miR-23a-3p. The expression of miR-23a-3p was downregulated whereas that of TLR4 was upregulated in the septic cells. Further experiments showed that the overexpression of TLR4 attenuated the suppressive effects of miR-23a-3p overexpression and GAS5 knockdown on LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis. In conclusion, the present study indicates that GAS5 strengthens LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis via the miR-23a-3p/TLR4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenping Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taian Municipal Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, P.R. China
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Kim SH, Lim KH, Yang S, Joo JY. Long non-coding RNAs in brain tumors: roles and potential as therapeutic targets. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:77. [PMID: 33980320 PMCID: PMC8114507 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are associated with adverse outcomes despite improvements in radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and photodynamic therapy. However, treatment approaches are evolving, and new biological phenomena are being explored to identify the appropriate treatment of brain tumors. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a type of non-coding RNA longer than 200 nucleotides, regulate gene expression at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic levels and are involved in a variety of biological functions. Recent studies on lncRNAs have revealed their aberrant expression in various cancers, with distinct expression patterns associated with their instrumental roles in cancer. Abnormal expression of lncRNAs has also been identified in brain tumors. Here, we review the potential roles of lncRNAs and their biological functions in the context of brain tumors. We also summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways related to lncRNAs that may guide clinical trials for brain tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hyun Kim
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Key-Hwan Lim
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Yang
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeol Joo
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
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Wu Y, Gui Y, Wu D, Wu Q. Construction and Analysis of mRNA and lncRNA Regulatory Networks Reveal the Key Genes Associated with Prostate Cancer Related Fatigue During Localized Radiation Therapy. Curr Bioinform 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1574893615999200901105208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Localized radiation therapy is the first-line option for the treatment of nonmetastatic
prostate cancer (PCa). Previous studies revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) had
crucial roles in disease progression. However, the mechanisms of lncRNAs underlying prostate cancerrelated
fatigue remained largely unclear.
Objective:
The present study aimed to uncover the key genes related to PCa related fatigue during localized
radiation therapy by constructing mRNA and lncRNA regulatory networks.
Methods:
We analyzed GSE30174, which included 10 control samples and 40 PCa related fatigue
samples, to identify differently expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in PCa related fatigue. A proteinprotein
interaction network was constructed to reveal the interactions among mRNAs. Co-expression
network analysis was applied to identify the key lncRNAs and reveal the functions of these lncRNAs in
PCa related fatigue.
Results and Discussion:
This research found 1271 dysregulated mRNAs and 205 dysregulated
lncRNAs in PCa related fatigue using GSE30174. Bioinformatics analysis showed that PCa related fatigue
with mRNAs and lncRNAs were associated with inflammatory response and immune response
related biological processes. Furthermore, we constructed a PPI network and lncRNA co-expression
network related to fatigue in PCa. Of note, we observed that the dysregulated lncRNAs and mRNAs,
such as SEC61A2, ADCY6, LPAR5, COL7A1, ALB, COL1A1, SNHG1, LINC01215, LINC00926,
GNG4, LMO7, and COL4A6, in PCa related fatigue could predict the outcome of PCa patients.
Conclusions:
This research could provide novel mechanisms underlying fatigue and identify new biomarkers
for the prognosis of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yechen Wu
- Department of Urology, Baoshan Branch, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201900, China
| | - Yaping Gui
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Denglong Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
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The lncRNA Growth Arrest Specific 5 Regulates Cell Survival via Distinct Structural Modules with Independent Functions. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107933. [PMID: 32697996 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that the architecture of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)-just like that of proteins-is hierarchically organized into independently folding sub-modules with distinct functions. Studies characterizing the cellular activities of such modules, however, are rare. The lncRNA growth arrest specific 5 (GAS5) is a key regulator of cell survival in response to stress and nutrient availability. We use SHAPE-MaP to probe the structure of GAS5 and identify three separate structural modules that act independently in leukemic T cells. The 5' terminal module with low secondary structure content affects basal survival and slows the cell cycle, whereas the highly structured core module mediates the effects of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition on cell growth. These results highlight the central role of GAS5 in regulating cell survival and reveal how a single lncRNA transcript utilizes a modular structure-function relationship to respond to a variety of cellular stresses under various cellular conditions.
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Yang Z, Li Q, Zheng X, Xie L. Long Noncoding RNA Small Nucleolar Host Gene: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Urological Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 11:638721. [PMID: 33968736 PMCID: PMC8100577 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.638721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of urological cancer has been gradually increasing in the last few decades. However, current diagnostic tools and treatment strategies continue to have limitations. Substantial evidence shows that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play essential roles in carcinogenesis and the progression, treatment response and prognosis of multiple human cancers, including urological cancers, gastrointestinal tumours, reproductive cancers and respiratory neoplasms. LncRNA small nucleolar RNA host genes (SNHGs), a subgroup of lncRNAs, have been found to be dysregulated in tumour cell biology. In this review, we summarize the impacts of lncRNA SNHGs in urological malignancies and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinchen Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyi Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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48
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Chatterjee M, Viswanathan P. Long noncoding RNAs in the regulation of p53‐mediated apoptosis in human cancers. Cell Biol Int 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cbin.11597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manjima Chatterjee
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore Tamil Nadu India
| | - Pragasam Viswanathan
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore Tamil Nadu India
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49
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Yang Y, Liu KY, Liu Q, Cao Q. Androgen Receptor-Related Non-coding RNAs in Prostate Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:660853. [PMID: 33869227 PMCID: PMC8049439 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.660853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death among men in the United States. Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is the dominant oncogenic pathway in PCa and the main strategy of PCa treatment is to control the AR activity. A large number of patients acquire resistance to Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) due to AR aberrant activation, resulting in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying AR signaling in the PCa is critical to identify new therapeutic targets for PCa patients. The recent advances in high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) techniques identified an increasing number of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that play critical roles through various mechanisms in different diseases. Some ncRNAs have shown great potentials as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Many ncRNAs have been investigated to regulate PCa through direct association with AR. In this review, we aim to comprehensively summarize recent findings of the functional roles and molecular mechanisms of AR-related ncRNAs as AR regulators or targets in the progression of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyong Yang
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kilia Y Liu
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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50
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Liu CH, Lu YL, Huang HT, Wang CF, Luo HC, Wei GJ, Lei M, Tan T, Wang Y, Huang YY, Wei YS, Lan Y. Association of LncRNA-GAS5 gene polymorphisms and PBMC LncRNA-GAS5 level with risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in Chinese population. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3548-3559. [PMID: 33728802 PMCID: PMC8034459 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth arrest‐specific 5 (GAS5) is a kind of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Previous studies showed that down‐regulation of LncRNA‐GAS5 was involved in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the regulatory mechanism of down‐expressed LncRNA‐GAS5 in SLE remains obscure. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of LncRNA‐GAS5 polymorphism with SLE risk. And further explore how LncRNA‐GAS5 is involved in the occurrence of SLE. Here, we evaluated the relationship between the risk for the development of SLE and the 5‐base pair (AGGCA/‐) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism (rs145204276) in the LncRNA‐GAS5 promoter region. A custom 36‐Plex SNPscan kit was used for genotyping the LncRNA‐GAS5 polymorphisms. The LncRNA‐GAS5 and miR‐21 target prediction was performed using bioinformatics software. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) were performed to assess GAS5 and miR‐21 mRNA expression and PTEN protein expression. The results revealed that rs145204276 resulted in a decreased risk of SLE (DD genotypes vs II genotypes: adjusted OR = 0.538, 95% CI, 0.30‐0.97, P = .039; ID genotypes vs II genotypes: adjusted OR = 0.641, 95% CI, 0.46‐0.89, P = .007; ID/DD genotypes vs II genotypes: adjusted OR = 0.621, 95% CI, 0.46‐0.84, P = .002; D alleles vs I alleles: adjusted OR = 0.680, 95% CI, 0.53‐0.87, P = .002). A reduced incidence of renal disorders in SLE was found to be related to ID/DD genotypes and D alleles (ID/DD genotypes vs II genotypes: OR = 0.57, 95% CI, 0.36‐0.92, P = .020; D alleles vs I alleles: OR = 0.63, 95% CI, 0.43‐0.93, P = .019). However, no significant association of rs2235095, rs6790, rs2067079 and rs1951625 polymorphisms with SLE risk was observed (P > .05). Additionally, haplotype analysis showed that a decreased SLE risk resulted from the A‐A‐C‐G‐D haplotype (OR = 0.67, 95% CI, 0.49‐0.91, P = .010). Also, patients in the SLE group showed a down‐regulated expression of LncRNA‐GAS5 and PTEN than the healthy volunteers; however, patients with rs145204276 ID/DD genotypes showed up‐regulated expression of LncRNA‐GAS5 and PTEN compared with patients carrying the II genotype. Furthermore, the miR‐21 levels were considerably up‐regulated in the SLE group than the healthy volunteers, and patients with rs145204276 ID/DD genotype had lower miR‐21 levels than the ones with the II genotype. Thus, we found that the LncRNA‐GAS5/miR‐21/PTEN signalling pathway was involved in the development of SLE, where LncRNA‐GAS5 acted as an miR‐21 target, and miR‐21 regulated the expression of PTEN. These findings indicated that the rs145204276 ID/DD genotypes in the LncRNA‐GAS5 gene promoter region may be protected against SLE by up‐regulating the expression of LncRNA‐GAS5, which consecutively regulated miR‐21 and PTEN levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yu-Lan Lu
- Department of Medical Reproduction Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Hua-Tuo Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Chun-Fang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Hong-Cheng Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Gui-Jiang Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Tan Tan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yan-Yun Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Baise, Baise, China
| | - Ye-Sheng Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yan Lan
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
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