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Padhi D, Baruah P, Ramesh M, Moorthy H, Govindaraju T. Hybrid molecules synergistically mitigate ferroptosis and amyloid-associated toxicities in Alzheimer's disease. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103119. [PMID: 38507972 PMCID: PMC10963859 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the build-up of extracellular amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Ferroptosis, an iron (Fe)-dependent form of cell death plays a significant role in the multifaceted AD pathogenesis through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial damage, lipid peroxidation, and reduction in glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) enzyme activity and levels. Aberrant liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of tau drives the growth and maturation of NFTs contributing to AD pathogenesis. In this study, we strategically combined the structural and functional properties of gallic acid (GA) and cyclic dipeptides (CDPs) to synthesize hybrid molecules that effectively target both ferroptosis and amyloid toxicity in AD. This innovative approach marks a paradigm shift from conventional therapeutic strategies. This is the first report of a synthetic small molecule (GCTR) that effectively combats ferroptosis, simultaneously restoring enzymatic activity and enhancing cellular levels of its master regulator, GPX4. Further, GCTR disrupts Fe3+-induced LLPS of tau, and aids in attenuation of abnormal tau fibrillization. The synergistic action of GCTR in combating both ferroptosis and amyloid toxicity, bolstered by GPX4 enhancement and modulation of Fe3+-induced tau LLPS, holds promise for the development of small molecule-based novel therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikshaa Padhi
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560064, India
| | - Prayasee Baruah
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560064, India
| | - Madhu Ramesh
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560064, India
| | - Hariharan Moorthy
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560064, India
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560064, India.
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2
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OGT Binding Peptide-Tagged Strategy Increases Protein O-GlcNAcylation Level in E. coli. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052129. [PMID: 36903375 PMCID: PMC10004047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a single glycosylation of GlcNAc mediated by OGT, which regulates the function of substrate proteins and is closely related to many diseases. However, a large number of O-GlcNAc-modified target proteins are costly, inefficient, and complicated to prepare. In this study, an OGT binding peptide (OBP)-tagged strategy for improving the proportion of O-GlcNAc modification was established successfully in E. coli. OBP (P1, P2, or P3) was fused with target protein Tau as tagged Tau. Tau or tagged Tau was co-constructed with OGT into a vector expressed in E. coli. Compared with Tau, the O-GlcNAc level of P1Tau and TauP1 increased 4~6-fold. Moreover, the P1Tau and TauP1 increased the O-GlcNAc-modified homogeneity. The high O-GlcNAcylation on P1Tau resulted in a significantly slower aggregation rate than Tau in vitro. This strategy was also used successfully to increase the O-GlcNAc level of c-Myc and H2B. These results indicated that the OBP-tagged strategy was a successful approach to improve the O-GlcNAcylation of a target protein for further functional research.
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Gao YY, Zhong T, Wang LQ, Zhang N, Zeng Y, Hu JY, Dang HB, Chen J, Liang Y. Zinc enhances liquid-liquid phase separation of Tau protein and aggravates mitochondrial damages in cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:703-715. [PMID: 35405154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles composed of Tau aggregates have been widely accepted as an important pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of Tau can lead to its aggregation, and Tau aggregation can then be enhanced by zinc. However, it is unclear whether zinc modulates the formation of Tau stress granules in cells. We herein report that zinc promotes the formation of stress granules containing a pathological mutant ΔK280 of full-length human Tau. Furthermore, zinc promotes LLPS of ΔK280 of full-length Tau, shifting the equilibrium phase boundary to a lower protein concentration, and modulates the liquid nature of droplets formed by this pathological mutation. Zinc also promotes pathological phosphorylation of ΔK280 in neuronal cells, and aggravates mitochondrial damage and elevates reactive oxygen species production induced by Tau aggregation. Importantly, we show that treatment of cells with zinc increases the interaction between full-length Tau and G3BP1 inside stress granules to promote the formation of Tau filaments and increase Tau toxicity in neuronal cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate how Tau condensation and mitochondrial damages induced by Tau aggregation are enhanced by zinc to deteriorate the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, bridging the gap between Tau LLPS and aggregation in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Li-Qiang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ji-Ying Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Hai-Bin Dang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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4
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Li Y, Peng X. Comparison of the force fields on monomeric and fibrillar PHF6 of tau protein. Biophys Chem 2021; 277:106631. [PMID: 34116358 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The hexapeptide 306VQIVYK311 (PHF6) plays an important role in the aggregation of Tau protein, which is a hallmark of the Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this article, we systematically compare the effects of eight popular all-atom force fields on the monomeric and fibrillar PHF6 in the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which could be helpful in the computer-aided drug design against PHF6. We show that the fibrillar PHF6 prefers β-strand-like structures in all the force fields while the monomer has different structural preferences depending on the force fields. The interactions for stabilizing the fibril are further investigated. In the end, according to the interactions revealed by NMR and the stability of the fibril in the literature, we benchmark the force fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Li
- Center for Quantum Technology Research, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xubiao Peng
- Center for Quantum Technology Research, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurements (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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5
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Dai B, Zhong T, Chen ZX, Chen W, Zhang N, Liu XL, Wang LQ, Chen J, Liang Y. Myricetin slows liquid-liquid phase separation of Tau and activates ATG5-dependent autophagy to suppress Tau toxicity. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101222. [PMID: 34560101 PMCID: PMC8551527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles composed of Tau aggregates have been widely accepted as an important pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. A current therapeutic avenue for treating Alzheimer's disease is aimed at inhibiting Tau accumulation with small molecules such as natural flavonoids. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of Tau can lead to its aggregation, and Tau aggregates can then be degraded by autophagy. However, it is unclear whether natural flavonoids modulate the formation of phase-separated Tau droplets or promote autophagy and Tau clearance. Here, using confocal microscopy and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching assays, we report that a natural antioxidant flavonoid compound myricetin slows LLPS of full-length human Tau, shifting the equilibrium phase boundary to a higher protein concentration. This natural flavonoid also significantly inhibits pathological phosphorylation and abnormal aggregation of Tau in neuronal cells and blocks mitochondrial damage and apoptosis induced by Tau aggregation. Importantly, using coimmunoprecipitation and Western blotting, we show that treatment of cells with myricetin stabilizes the interaction between Tau and autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5) to promote clearance of phosphorylated Tau to indirectly limit its aggregation. Consistently, this natural flavonoid inhibits mTOR pathway, activates ATG5-dependent Tau autophagy, and almost completely suppresses Tau toxicity in neuronal cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate how LLPS and abnormal aggregation of Tau are inhibited by natural flavonoids, bridging the gap between Tau LLPS and aggregation in neuronal cells, and also establish that myricetin could act as an ATG5-dependent autophagic activator to ameliorate the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Dai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Xian Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wang Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Qiang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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Wang K, Liu JQ, Zhong T, Liu XL, Zeng Y, Qiao X, Xie T, Chen Y, Gao YY, Tang B, Li J, Zhou J, Pang DW, Chen J, Chen C, Liang Y. Phase Separation and Cytotoxicity of Tau are Modulated by Protein Disulfide Isomerase and S-nitrosylation of this Molecular Chaperone. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:2141-2163. [PMID: 32087196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cells have evolved molecular chaperones that modulate phase separation and misfolding of amyloidogenic proteins to prevent neurodegenerative diseases. Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), mainly located at the endoplasmic reticulum and also present in the cytosol, acts as both an enzyme and a molecular chaperone. PDI is observed to be S-nitrosylated in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients, but the mechanism has remained elusive. We herein report that both wild-type PDI and its quadruple cysteine mutant only having chaperone activity, significantly inhibit pathological phosphorylation and abnormal aggregation of Tau in cells, and significantly decrease the mitochondrial damage and Tau cytotoxicity resulting from Tau aberrant aggregation, highlighting the chaperone property of PDI. More importantly, we show that wild-type PDI is selectively recruited by liquid droplets of Tau, which significantly inhibits phase separation and stress granule formation of Tau, whereas S-nitrosylation of PDI abrogates the recruitment and inhibition. These findings demonstrate how phase separation of Tau is physiologically regulated by PDI and how S-nitrosylation of PDI, a perturbation in this regulation, leads to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jia-Qi Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xinhua Qiao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ting Xie
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuzhe Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ying-Ying Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jia Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chang Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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7
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Huang JJ, Li XN, Liu WL, Yuan HY, Gao Y, Wang K, Tang B, Pang DW, Chen J, Liang Y. Neutralizing Mutations Significantly Inhibit Amyloid Formation by Human Prion Protein and Decrease Its Cytotoxicity. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:828-844. [PMID: 31821812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy, are fatal neurodegenerative diseases that affect many mammals including humans and are caused by the misfolding of prion protein (PrP). A naturally occurring protective polymorphism G127V in human PrP has recently been found to significantly attenuate prion diseases, but the mechanism has remained elusive. We herein report that the hydrophobic chain introduced in G127V significantly inhibits amyloid fibril formation by human PrP, highlighting the protective effect of the G127V polymorphism. We further introduce an amino acid with a different hydrophobic chain (Ile) at the same position and find that G127I has similar protective effects as G127V. Moreover, we show that these two neutralizing mutations, G127V and G127I, significantly decrease the human PrP cytotoxicity resulting from PrP fibril formation, mitochondrial damage, and elevated reactive oxygen species production enhanced by a strong prion-prone peptide PrP 106-126. These findings elucidate the molecular basis for a natural protective polymorphism in PrP and will enable the development of novel therapeutic strategies against prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jie Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiang-Ning Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wan-Li Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Han-Ye Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Liu H, Liu X, Zhou S, An X, Liu H, Yao X. Disclosing the Template-Induced Misfolding Mechanism of Tau Protein by Studying the Dissociation of the Boundary Chain from the Formed Tau Fibril Based on a Steered Molecular Dynamics Simulation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:1854-1865. [PMID: 30665304 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The level of tau aggregation into neurofibrillary tangles, including paired helical filament (PHF) and straight filament (SF), is closely associated with Alzheimer's disease. Despite the pathological importance of misfolding and aggregation of tau, the corresponding mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, to uncover the misfolding mechanism of the tau monomer upon induction of formed PHF and SF, in this study, a conventional molecular dynamics simulation combined with a steered molecular dynamics simulation was performed to study the dissociation of the boundary chain. Interestingly, our results show that the dissociation mechanisms of the boundary chain in PHF and SF are different. In PHF, the boundary chain begins to dissociate from regions β2 and β3 and ends at β8. However, in SF, it is simultaneously dissociated from β1 and β8 and ends at β5. The dissociation of the boundary chain is the reverse of template-induced misfolding of the monomer. Therefore, we can deduce the misfolding mechanism of the monomer upon induction of the template. For PHF, β8 first interacts with the template by hydrophobic interaction. Then β7, β6, β5, β4, and β1 sequentially bind to the template by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. After β1 binds to the template, β2 and β3 very quickly bind to the template through hydrophobic interaction. For SF, β5 of the monomer first interacts with the template by electrostatic attraction. Then β4 and β6, β3 and β7, and β2 and β8 bind to the template in turn. Finally, β1 and β8 are fully bound to the template by hydrophobic interaction. The obtained results will be vital for understanding the earlier events during misfolding and aggregation of tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xuewei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shuangyan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoli An
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Huanxiang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
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Glycosylation Significantly Inhibits the Aggregation of Human Prion Protein and Decreases Its Cytotoxicity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12603. [PMID: 30135544 PMCID: PMC6105643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are primarily caused by the misfolding of prion proteins in humans, cattle, sheep, and cervid species. The effects of glycosylation on prion protein (PrP) structure and function have not been thoroughly elucidated to date. In this study, we attempt to elucidate the effects of glycosylation on the aggregation and toxicity of human PrP. As revealed by immunocytochemical staining, wild-type PrP and its monoglycosylated mutants N181D, N197D, and T199N/N181D/N197D are primarily attached to the plasma membrane. In contrast, PrP F198S, a pathological mutant with an altered residue within the glycosylation site, and an unglycosylated PrP mutant, N181D/N197D, primarily exist in the cytoplasm. In the pathological mutant V180I, there is an equal mix of membranous and cytoplasmic PrP, indicating that N-linked glycosylation deficiency impairs the correct localization of human PrP at the plasma membrane. As shown by immunoblotting and flow cytometry, human PrP located in the cytoplasm displays considerably greater PK resistance and aggregation ability and is associated with considerably higher cellular ROS levels than PrP located on the plasma membrane. Furthermore, glycosylation deficiency enhances human PrP cytotoxicity induced by MG132 or the toxic prion peptide PrP 106-126. Therefore, we propose that glycosylation acts as a necessary cofactor in determining PrP localization on the plasma membrane and that it significantly inhibits the aggregation of human PrP and decreases its cytotoxicity.
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10
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Xu WC, Liang JZ, Li C, He ZX, Yuan HY, Huang BY, Liu XL, Tang B, Pang DW, Du HN, Yang Y, Chen J, Wang L, Zhang M, Liang Y. Pathological hydrogen peroxide triggers the fibrillization of wild-type SOD1 via sulfenic acid modification of Cys-111. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:67. [PMID: 29358575 PMCID: PMC5833406 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) involves the abnormal posttranslational modifications and fibrillization of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and TDP-43. However, how SOD1-catalyzed reaction product hydrogen peroxide affects amyloid formation of SOD1 and TDP-43 remains elusory. 90% of ALS cases are sporadic and the remaining cases are familial ALS. In this paper, we demonstrate that H2O2 at pathological concentrations triggers the fibrillization of wild-type SOD1 both in vitro and in SH-SY5Y cells. Using an anti-dimedone antibody that detects sulfenic acid modification of proteins, we found that Cys-111 in wild-type SOD1 is oxidized to C-SOH by pathological concentration of H2O2, followed by the formation of sulfenic acid modified SOD1 oligomers. Furthermore, we show that such SOD1 oligomers propagate in a prion-like manner, and not only drive wild-type SOD1 to form fibrils in the cytoplasm but also induce cytoplasm mislocalization and the subsequent fibrillization of wild-type TDP-43, thereby inducing apoptosis of living cells. Thus, we propose that H2O2 at pathological concentrations triggers the fibrillization of wild-type SOD1 and subsequently induces SOD1 toxicity and TDP-43 toxicity in neuronal cells via sulfenic acid modification of Cys-111 in SOD1. Our Western blot and ELISA data demonstrate that sulfenic acid modified wild-type SOD1 level in cerebrospinal fluid of 15 sporadic ALS patients is significantly increased compared with 6 age-matched control patients. These findings can explain how H2O2 at pathologic concentrations regulates the misfolding and toxicity of SOD1 and TDP-43 associated with ALS, and suggest that sulfenic acid modification of wild-type SOD1 should play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of sporadic ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jin-Zhao Liang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhi-Xin He
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Han-Ye Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ben-Yan Huang
- Department of Neurology Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hai-Ning Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Neurology Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Han P, Serrano G, Beach TG, Caselli RJ, Yin J, Zhuang N, Shi J. A Quantitative Analysis of Brain Soluble Tau and the Tau Secretion Factor. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2017; 76:44-51. [PMID: 28069930 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlw105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) represent products of insoluble tau protein in the brains of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau level is a biomarker in AD diagnosis. The soluble portion of tau protein in brain parenchyma is presumably the source for CSF tau but this has not previously been quantified. We measured CSF tau and soluble brain tau at autopsy in temporal and frontal brain tissue samples from 7 cognitive normal, 12 mild cognitively impaired, and 19 AD subjects. Based on the measured brain soluble tau, we calculated the whole brain tau load and estimated tau secretion factor. Our results suggest that the increase in NFT in AD is likely attributable to post-translational processes; the increase in CSF tau in AD patients is due to an accelerated carrier-based secretion. Moreover, cognitive dysfunction assessed by final Mini-Mental State Examination scores correlated with the secretion factor but not with the soluble tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Han
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Residency Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Geidy Serrano
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Junxiang Yin
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Ningning Zhuang
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jiong Shi
- Barrow Neurological Institute, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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12
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Hu JY, Zhang DL, Liu XL, Li XS, Cheng XQ, Chen J, Du HN, Liang Y. Pathological concentration of zinc dramatically accelerates abnormal aggregation of full-length human Tau and thereby significantly increases Tau toxicity in neuronal cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:414-427. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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