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Papadoliopoulou M, Matiatou M, Koutsoumpos S, Mulita F, Giannios P, Margaris I, Moutzouris K, Arkadopoulos N, Michalopoulos NV. Optical Imaging in Human Lymph Node Specimens for Detecting Breast Cancer Metastases: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5438. [PMID: 38001697 PMCID: PMC10670418 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessment of regional lymph node status in breast cancer is of important staging and prognostic value. Even though formal histological examination is the currently accepted standard of care, optical imaging techniques have shown promising results in disease diagnosis. In the present article, we review six spectroscopic techniques and focus on their use as alternative tools for breast cancer lymph node assessment. Elastic scattering spectroscopy (ESS) seems to offer a simple, cost-effective, and reproducible method for intraoperative diagnosis of breast cancer lymph node metastasis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides high-resolution tissue scanning, along with a short data acquisition time. However, it is relatively costly and experimentally complex. Raman spectroscopy proves to be a highly accurate method for the identification of malignant axillary lymph nodes, and it has been further validated in the setting of head and neck cancers. Still, it remains time-consuming. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRF) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DFS) are related to significant advantages, such as deep tissue penetration and efficiency. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a promising method but has significant drawbacks. Nonetheless, only anecdotal reports exist on their clinical use for cancerous lymph node detection. Our results indicate that optical imaging methods can create informative and rapid tools to effectively guide surgical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papadoliopoulou
- 4th Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini Street, 12462 Athens, Greece (N.V.M.)
| | - Maria Matiatou
- Laboratory of Electronic Devices and Materials, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Egaleo, Greece
| | - Spyridon Koutsoumpos
- Laboratory of Electronic Devices and Materials, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Egaleo, Greece
| | - Francesk Mulita
- Department of Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rio, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Giannios
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, IRB Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ioannis Margaris
- 4th Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini Street, 12462 Athens, Greece (N.V.M.)
| | - Konstantinos Moutzouris
- Laboratory of Electronic Devices and Materials, Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Egaleo, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Arkadopoulos
- 4th Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini Street, 12462 Athens, Greece (N.V.M.)
| | - Nikolaos V. Michalopoulos
- 4th Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini Street, 12462 Athens, Greece (N.V.M.)
- 1st Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Hippocration General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 114 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11527 Athens, Greece
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2
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Xie L, Wang J, Wang N, Zhu J, Yin Q, Guo R, Duan J, Wang S, Hao C, Shen X. Identification of acute myeloid leukemia by infrared difference spectrum of peripheral blood. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 233:115454. [PMID: 37178631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a high mortality and recurrence rates hematologic malignancy. Thus, whatever early detection or subsequent visit are both of high significance. Traditional AML diagnosis is conducted via peripheral blood (PB) smear and bone marrow (BM) aspiration. But BM aspiration is a painful burden for patients especially in early detection or subsequent visit. Herein, the use of PB to evaluate and identify the leukemia characteristics will be an attractive alternative source for early detection or subsequent visit. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a time- and cost-effective approach to reveal the disease-related molecular features and variations. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no attempts using infrared spectroscopic signatures of PB to replace BM for identifying AML. In this work, we are the first to develop a rapid and minimally invasive method to identify AML by infrared difference spectrum (IDS) of PB with only 6 characteristic wavenumbers. We dissect the leukemia-related spectroscopic signatures of three subtypes of leukemia cells (U937, HL-60, THP-1) by IDS, revealing biochemical molecular information about leukemia for the first time. Furthermore, the novel study links cellular features to complex features of blood system which demonstrates the sensitivity and specificity with IDS method. On this basis, BM and PB of AML patients and healthy controls were provided to parallel comparison. The IDS of BM and PB combined with principal component analysis method revealing that the leukemic components in BM and PB can be described by IDS peaks of PCA loadings, respectively. It is demonstrated that the leukemic IDS signatures of BM can be replaced by the leukemic IDS signatures of PB. In addition, the IDS signatures of leukemia cells are reflected in PB of AML patients with peaks of 1629, 1610, 1604, 1536, 1528 and 1404 cm-1 for the first time as well. To this end, we access the leukemic signatures of IDS peaks to compare the PB of AMLs and healthy controls. It is confirmed that the leukemic components can be detected from PB of AML and distinguished into positive (100%) and negative (100%) groups successfully by IDS classifier which is a novel and unique spectral classifier. This work demonstrates the potential use of IDS as a powerful tool to detect leukemia via PB which can release subjects' pain remarkably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Wang
- The Hematological Dept. Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Qianqian Yin
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies and School of Life Science and Technology, §School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ruobing Guo
- Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Junli Duan
- Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shaowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Changning Hao
- Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road 1665, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xuechu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China; School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Shakya BR, Teppo HR, Rieppo L. Optimization of measurement mode and sample processing for FTIR microspectroscopy in skin cancer research. Analyst 2022; 147:851-861. [PMID: 35122480 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01999f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy to study cancerous cells and tissues has gained popularity due to its ability to provide spatially resolved information at the molecular level. Transmission and transflection are the commonly used measurement modes for FTIR microspectroscopy, and the tissue samples measured in these modes are often paraffinized or deparaffinized. Previous studies have shown that variability in the spectra acquired using different measurement modes and sample processing methods affect the result of the analysis. However, there is no protocol that standardizes the mode of measurement and sample processing method to achieve the best classification result. This study compares the spectra of primary (IPC-298) and metastatic (SK-MEL-30) melanoma cell lines acquired in both transmission and transflection modes using paraffinized and deparaffinized samples to determine the optimal combination for accurate classification. Significant differences were observed in the spectra of the same cell line measured in different modes and with or without deparaffinization. The PLS-DA model built for the classification of two cell lines showed high accuracy in each case, suggesting that both modes and sample processing alternatives are suitable for differentiating cultured cell samples using supervised multivariate analysis. The biochemical information contained in the cells capable of discriminating two melanoma cell lines is present regardless of mode or sample type used. However, the paraffinized samples measured in transflection mode provided the best classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Ratna Shakya
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5 A, 90220, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Hanna-Riikka Teppo
- Cancer Research and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5 A, 90220, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Lassi Rieppo
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5 A, 90220, Oulu, Finland.
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Ferguson D, Henderson A, McInnes EF, Lind R, Wildenhain J, Gardner P. Infrared micro-spectroscopy coupled with multivariate and machine learning techniques for cancer classification in tissue: a comparison of classification method, performance, and pre-processing technique. Analyst 2022; 147:3709-3722. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00775d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A meta-analysis of various multivariate/Machine Learning (ML) classifiers trained on IR Micro-spectroscopy tissue datasets for cancer classification are directly compared using a calculated F1-Score metric alongside study pre-processing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dougal Ferguson
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, School of Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Alex Henderson
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, School of Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Rob Lind
- Syngenta, International Research Centre, Jealotts Hill, Bracknell, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Jan Wildenhain
- Syngenta, International Research Centre, Jealotts Hill, Bracknell, RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Peter Gardner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, School of Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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5
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Assessment of Ovarian Tumor Growth in Wild-Type and Lumican-Deficient Mice: Insights Using Infrared Spectral Imaging, Histopathology, and Immunohistochemistry. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235950. [PMID: 34885059 PMCID: PMC8656468 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lumican, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP), maintains extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity while inhibiting melanoma primary tumor development, as well as metastatic spread. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of lumican on tumor growth of murine ovarian carcinoma. C57BL/6 wild type mice (n = 12) and lumican-deficient mice (n = 10) were subcutaneously injected with murine ovarian epithelial carcinoma ID8 cells, and sacrificed after 18 days. Label-free infrared spectral imaging (IRSI) generated high contrast IR images allowing identification of different ECM regions of the skin and the ovarian tumor. IRSI showed a good correlation with collagen distribution as well as organization, as analyzed using second harmonic generation imaging within the tumor area. The results demonstrated that lumican inhibited the growth of ovarian cancer mainly by altering collagen fibrilogenesis. Abstract Ovarian cancer remains one of the most fatal cancers due to a lack of robust screening methods of detection at early stages. Extracellular matrix (ECM) mediates interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment via specific molecules. Lumican, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP), maintains ECM integrity and inhibits both melanoma primary tumor development, as well as metastatic spread. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of lumican on tumor growth of murine ovarian epithelial cancer. C57BL/6 wild type mice (n = 12) and lumican-deficient mice (n = 10) were subcutaneously injected with murine ovarian epithelial carcinoma ID8 cells, and then sacrificed after 18 days. Analysis of tumor volumes demonstrated an inhibitory effect of endogenous lumican on ovarian tumor growth. The ovarian primary tumors were subjected to histological and immunohistochemical staining using anti-lumican, anti-αv integrin, anti-CD31 and anti-cyclin D1 antibodies, and then further examined by label-free infrared spectral imaging (IRSI), second harmonic generation (SHG) and Picrosirius red staining. The IR tissue images allowed for the identification of different ECM tissue regions of the skin and the ovarian tumor. Moreover, IRSI showed a good correlation with αv integrin immunostaining and collagen organization within the tumor. Our results demonstrate that lumican inhibits ovarian cancer growth mainly by altering collagen fibrilogenesis.
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Tiwari S, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Whiteley J, Cheng G, Hewitt SM, Bhargava R. INFORM: INFrared-based ORganizational Measurements of tumor and its microenvironment to predict patient survival. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/6/eabb8292. [PMID: 33536203 PMCID: PMC7857685 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb8292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The structure and organization of a tumor and its microenvironment are often associated with cancer outcomes due to spatially varying molecular composition and signaling. A persistent challenge is to use this physical and chemical spatial organization to understand cancer progression. Here, we present a high-definition infrared imaging-based organizational measurement framework (INFORM) that leverages intrinsic chemical contrast of tissue to label unique components of the tumor and its microenvironment. Using objective and automated computational methods, further, we determine organization characteristics important for prediction. We show that the tumor spatial organization assessed with this framework is predictive of overall survival in colon cancer that adds to capability from clinical variables such as stage and grade, approximately doubling the risk of death in high-risk individuals. Our results open an all-digital avenue for measuring and studying the association between tumor spatial organization and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Tiwari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Andre Kajdacsy-Balla
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Joshua Whiteley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
- Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mechanical Science and Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Chemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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7
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Brézillon S, Untereiner V, Mohamed HT, Ahallal E, Proult I, Nizet P, Boulagnon-Rombi C, Sockalingum GD. Label-Free Infrared Spectral Histology of Skin Tissue Part II: Impact of a Lumican-Derived Peptide on Melanoma Growth. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:377. [PMID: 32548117 PMCID: PMC7273845 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive type of cutaneous malignancies. In addition to its role as a regulator of extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity, lumican, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, also exhibits anti-tumor properties in melanoma. This work focuses on the use of infrared spectral imaging (IRSI) and histopathology (IRSH) to study the effect of lumican-derived peptide (L9Mc) on B16F1 melanoma primary tumor growth. Female C57BL/6 mice were injected with B16F1 cells treated with L9Mc (n = 10) or its scrambled peptide (n = 8), and without peptide (control, n = 9). The melanoma primary tumors were subjected to histological and IR imaging analysis. In addition, immunohistochemical staining was performed using anti-Ki-67 and anti-cleaved caspase-3 antibodies. The IR images were analyzed by common K-means clustering to obtain high-contrast IRSH that allowed identifying different ECM tissue regions from the epidermis to the tumor area, which correlated well with H&E staining. Furthermore, IRSH showed good correlation with immunostaining data obtained with anti-Ki-67 and anti-cleaved caspase-3 antibodies, whereby the L9Mc peptide inhibited cell proliferation and increased strongly apoptosis of B16F1 cells in this mouse model of melanoma primary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Brézillon
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France.,CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire - MEDyC, Reims, France
| | | | - Hossam Taha Mohamed
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France.,CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire - MEDyC, Reims, France.,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
| | - Estelle Ahallal
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France.,CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire - MEDyC, Reims, France
| | - Isabelle Proult
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France.,CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire - MEDyC, Reims, France
| | - Pierre Nizet
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France.,CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire - MEDyC, Reims, France
| | - Camille Boulagnon-Rombi
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire - MEDyC, Reims, France.,CHU de Reims, Laboratoire Central d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologique, Reims, France
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8
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da Silva RM, Pupin B, Bhattacharjee TT, Vamondes Kulcsar MA, Uno M, Chammas R, de Azevedo Canevari R. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and CDKN1C gene expression in the prediction of lymph nodes metastases in papillary thyroid carcinoma. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 228:117693. [PMID: 31708464 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer has become in recent years the most common endocrine malignancy. Among its different types, papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has the highest incidence. PTC is slow growing, but shows a high rate of lymph node metastasis. Tissue biochemical characterization and identification of molecular markers can facilitate stratification of patients into those requiring surgical assessment of lymph nodes and patients for whom this surgical procedure is unnecessary; thus, leading to a more accurate prognosis. To this end, the study aimed to predict lymph node metastasis by Attenuated Total Reflectance - Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy of primary PTC tumors. Another objective of the study was to determine whether CCNA1, CDKN1C, FOS, HSPA5, JUN, KSR1, MAP2K6, MAPK8IP2 and SFN gene expression in primary PTC tumors could be used as predictive markers of lymph node metastasis. Three PTC with lymph node involvement (PTC+), six PTC without lymph node involvement (PTC-), and five normal (N) thyroid tissues were used for FTIR spectroscopy analysis; while 18 PTC+, 17 PTC-, and 6 N samples were used for molecular analysis by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). FTIR spectral analysis revealed changes in phosphate groups possibly associated with nucleic acid (1236 cm-1), and protein/lipids (1452, 2924, 3821 cm-1) in PTC + compared to PTC-, and multivariate analysis could distinguish the two groups. Molecular analysis showed significant increase in CDKN1C gene expression in PTC + compared to PTC-. Being a cell growth regulator, increased CDKN1C provides some supporting evidence to the FTIR spectroscopy based finding of increased nucleic acids in PTC+. Thus, the study suggests the possibility of using FTIR spectroscopy and CDKN1C expression for predicting metastasis using primary tumor alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raissa Monteiro da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Do Câncer, Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, UNIVAP, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Avenida Shishima Hifumi 2911, Urbanova, São José Dos Campos, 12244-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Breno Pupin
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Do Câncer, Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, UNIVAP, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Avenida Shishima Hifumi 2911, Urbanova, São José Dos Campos, 12244-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tanmoy Tapobrata Bhattacharjee
- Dental Implantology and Forensics, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, 310 Great King St, North Dunedin, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Marco Aurélio Vamondes Kulcsar
- Instituto Do Câncer Do Estado de São Paulo, Serviço de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço, Av. Doutor Arnaldo, 251, Cerqueira César, CEP 01246-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Miyuki Uno
- Centro de Investigação Translacional Em Oncologia, Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Instituto Do Cancer Do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 251, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, 01246-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Centro de Investigação Translacional Em Oncologia, Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Instituto Do Cancer Do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 251, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, 01246-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata de Azevedo Canevari
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular Do Câncer, Universidade Do Vale Do Paraíba, UNIVAP, Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Avenida Shishima Hifumi 2911, Urbanova, São José Dos Campos, 12244-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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9
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An Innovative Platform Merging Elemental Analysis and Ftir Imaging for Breast Tissue Analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9854. [PMID: 31285452 PMCID: PMC6614471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Histopathology and immunohistology remain the gold standard for breast cancer diagnostic. Yet, these approaches do not usually provide a sufficiently detailed characterization of the pathology. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate for the first time that elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy microscopic examination of breast tissue sections can be merged into one dataset to provide a single set of markers based on both organic molecules and inorganic trace elements. For illustrating the method, 6 mammary tissue sections were used. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy images reported a fingerprint of the organic molecules present in the tissue section and laser ablation elemental analysis (LA-ICP-MS) images brought inorganic element profiles. The 6 tissue sections provided 31 106 and 150,000 spectra for FTIR and LA-ICP-MS spectra respectively. The results bring the proof of concept that breast tissue can be analyzed simultaneously by FTIR spectroscopy and laser ablation elemental analysis (LA-ICP-MS) to provide in both case reasonably high resolution images. We show how to bring the images obtained by the two methods to a same spatial resolution and how to use image registration to analyze the data originating from both techniques as one block of data. We finally demonstrates the elemental analysis is orthogonal to all FTIR markers as no significant correlation is found between FTIR and LA-ICP-MS data. Combining FTIR and LA-ICP-MS imaging becomes possible, providing two orthogonal methods which can bring an unprecedented diversity of information on the tissue. This opens a new avenue of tissue section analyses providing unprecedented diagnostic potential.
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10
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Gaydou V, Polette M, Gobinet C, Kileztky C, Angiboust JF, Birembaut P, Vuiblet V, Piot O. New insights into spectral histopathology: infrared-based scoring of tumour aggressiveness of squamous cell lung carcinomas. Chem Sci 2019; 10:4246-4258. [PMID: 31057753 PMCID: PMC6471539 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04320e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Spectral histopathology, based on infrared interrogation of tissue sections, proved a promising tool for helping pathologists in characterizing histological structures in a quantitative and automatic manner.
Spectral histopathology, based on infrared interrogation of tissue sections, proved a promising tool for helping pathologists in characterizing histological structures in a quantitative and automatic manner. In cancer diagnosis, the use of chemometric methods permits establishing numerical models able to detect cancer cells and to characterize their tissular environment. In this study, we focused on exploiting multivariate infrared data to score the tumour aggressiveness in preneoplastic lesions and squamous cell lung carcinomas. These lesions present a wide range of aggressive phenotypes; it is also possible to encounter cases with various degrees of aggressiveness within the same lesion. Implementing an infrared-based approach for a more precise histological determination of the tumour aggressiveness should arouse interest among pathologists with direct benefits for patient care. In this study, the methodology was developed from a set of samples including all degrees of tumour aggressiveness and by constructing a chain of data processing steps for an automated analysis of tissues currently manipulated in routine histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gaydou
- BioSpecT Unit , EA 7506 , University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne , Pharmacy Department , 51 rue Cognacq-Jay , 51096 Reims , France .
| | - Myriam Polette
- INSERM UMR-S 1250 , University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne , 45, rue Cognacq-Jay , 51092 Reims , France.,Biopathology Laboratory , Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Reims , 45 Rue Cognacq-Jay , 51092 Reims , France
| | - Cyril Gobinet
- BioSpecT Unit , EA 7506 , University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne , Pharmacy Department , 51 rue Cognacq-Jay , 51096 Reims , France .
| | - Claire Kileztky
- INSERM UMR-S 1250 , University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne , 45, rue Cognacq-Jay , 51092 Reims , France
| | - Jean-François Angiboust
- BioSpecT Unit , EA 7506 , University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne , Pharmacy Department , 51 rue Cognacq-Jay , 51096 Reims , France .
| | - Philippe Birembaut
- INSERM UMR-S 1250 , University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne , 45, rue Cognacq-Jay , 51092 Reims , France.,Biopathology Laboratory , Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Reims , 45 Rue Cognacq-Jay , 51092 Reims , France
| | - Vincent Vuiblet
- BioSpecT Unit , EA 7506 , University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne , Pharmacy Department , 51 rue Cognacq-Jay , 51096 Reims , France . .,Biopathology Laboratory , Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Reims , 45 Rue Cognacq-Jay , 51092 Reims , France
| | - Olivier Piot
- BioSpecT Unit , EA 7506 , University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne , Pharmacy Department , 51 rue Cognacq-Jay , 51096 Reims , France . .,Platform of Cellular and Tissular Imaging (PICT) , University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne , 51 rue Cognacq-Jay , 51096 Reims , France
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11
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Rodrigues LM, Carvalho LFDCES, Bonnier F, Anbinder AL, Martinho HDS, Almeida JD. Evaluation of inflammatory processes by FTIR spectroscopy. J Med Eng Technol 2018; 42:228-235. [DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2018.1470691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laís Morandini Rodrigues
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | - Franck Bonnier
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Ana Lia Anbinder
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | - Janete Dias Almeida
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology of São José dos Campos, Univ Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São José dos Campos, Brazil
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12
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Simultaneous cancer and tumor microenvironment subtyping using confocal infrared microscopy for all-digital molecular histopathology. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E5651-E5660. [PMID: 29866827 PMCID: PMC6016804 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719551115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer alters both the morphological and the biochemical properties of multiple cell types in a tissue. Generally, the morphology of epithelial cells is practical for routine disease diagnoses. Here, infrared spectroscopic imaging biochemically characterizes breast cancer, both epithelial cells and the tumor-associated microenvironment. Unfortunately, conventional spectral analyses are slow. Hence, we designed and built a laser confocal microscope that demonstrates a high signal-to-noise ratio for confident diagnoses. The instrument cuts down imaging time from days to minutes, making the technology feasible for research and clinical translation. Finally, automated human breast cancer biopsy imaging is reported in ∼1 hour, paving the way for routine research into the total tumor (epithelial plus microenvironment) properties and rapid, label-free diagnoses. Histopathology based on spatial patterns of epithelial cells is the gold standard for clinical diagnoses and research in carcinomas; although known to be important, the tissue microenvironment is not readily used due to complex and subjective interpretation with existing tools. Here, we demonstrate accurate subtyping from molecular properties of epithelial cells using emerging high-definition Fourier transform infrared (HD FT-IR) spectroscopic imaging combined with machine learning algorithms. In addition to detecting four epithelial subtypes, we simultaneously delineate three stromal subtypes that characterize breast tumors. While FT-IR imaging data enable fully digital pathology with rich information content, the long spectral scanning times required for signal averaging and processing make the technology impractical for routine research or clinical use. Hence, we developed a confocal design in which refractive IR optics are designed to provide high-definition, rapid spatial scanning and discrete spectral tuning using a quantum cascade laser (QCL) source. This instrument provides simultaneously high resolving power (2-μm pixel size) and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) (>1,300), providing a speed increase of ∼50-fold for obtaining classified results compared with present imaging spectrometers. We demonstrate spectral fidelity and interinstrument operability of our developed instrument by accurate analysis of a 100-case breast tissue set that was analyzed in a day, considerably speeding research. Clinical breast biopsies typical of a patients’ caseload are analyzed in ∼1 hour. This study paves the way for comprehensive tumor-microenvironment analyses in feasible time periods, presenting a critical step in practical label-free molecular histopathology.
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13
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Wrobel TP, Bhargava R. Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging Advances as an Analytical Technology for Biomedical Sciences. Anal Chem 2018; 90:1444-1463. [PMID: 29281255 PMCID: PMC6421863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz P. Wrobel
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mechanical Science and Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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14
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Rabe JH, A Sammour D, Schulz S, Munteanu B, Ott M, Ochs K, Hohenberger P, Marx A, Platten M, Opitz CA, Ory DS, Hopf C. Fourier Transform Infrared Microscopy Enables Guidance of Automated Mass Spectrometry Imaging to Predefined Tissue Morphologies. Sci Rep 2018; 8:313. [PMID: 29321555 PMCID: PMC5762902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodal imaging combines complementary platforms for spatially resolved tissue analysis that are poised for application in life science and personalized medicine. Unlike established clinical in vivo multimodality imaging, automated workflows for in-depth multimodal molecular ex vivo tissue analysis that combine the speed and ease of spectroscopic imaging with molecular details provided by mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) are lagging behind. Here, we present an integrated approach that utilizes non-destructive Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MSI for analysing single-slide tissue specimen. We show that FTIR microscopy can automatically guide high-resolution MSI data acquisition and interpretation without requiring prior histopathological tissue annotation, thus circumventing potential human-annotation-bias while achieving >90% reductions of data load and acquisition time. We apply FTIR imaging as an upstream modality to improve accuracy of tissue-morphology detection and to retrieve diagnostic molecular signatures in an automated, unbiased and spatially aware manner. We show the general applicability of multimodal FTIR-guided MALDI-MSI by demonstrating precise tumor localization in mouse brain bearing glioma xenografts and in human primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Finally, the presented multimodal tissue analysis method allows for morphology-sensitive lipid signature retrieval from brains of mice suffering from lipidosis caused by Niemann-Pick type C disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hinrich Rabe
- Center for Applied Research in Applied Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Technology, Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Denis A Sammour
- Center for Applied Research in Applied Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Technology, Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sandra Schulz
- Center for Applied Research in Applied Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Technology, Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bogdan Munteanu
- Center for Applied Research in Applied Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Technology, Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martina Ott
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Ochs
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology and National Center of Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Hohenberger
- University Medical Center Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Marx
- University Medical Center Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Medical Center Mannheim of Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christiane A Opitz
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology and National Center of Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel S Ory
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, 63110, USA
| | - Carsten Hopf
- Center for Applied Research in Applied Biomedical Mass Spectrometry (ABIMAS), Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany.
- Institute of Medical Technology, Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Paul-Wittsack Str. 10, 68163, Mannheim, Germany.
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15
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Szafraniec E, Wiercigroch E, Czamara K, Majzner K, Staniszewska-Slezak E, Marzec KM, Malek K, Kaczor A, Baranska M. Diversity among endothelial cell lines revealed by Raman and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic imaging. Analyst 2018; 143:4323-4334. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00239h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A methodology of examination and characterization of popular human endothelial cells lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krzysztof Czamara
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Krakow
- Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
| | - Katarzyna Majzner
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Krakow
- Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
| | - Emilia Staniszewska-Slezak
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Krakow
- Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
| | - Katarzyna M. Marzec
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-348 Krakow
- Poland
| | - Kamilla Malek
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Krakow
- Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
| | - Agnieszka Kaczor
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Krakow
- Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
| | - Malgorzata Baranska
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Krakow
- Poland
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
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16
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Using Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infra-Red (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to distinguish between melanoma cells with a different metastatic potential. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4381. [PMID: 28663552 PMCID: PMC5491518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of cancer related deaths are caused by metastatic tumors. Therefore, identifying the metastatic potential of cancer cells is of great importance both for prognosis and for determining the correct treatment. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy of biological cells is an evolving research area, whose main aim is to find the spectral differences between diseased and healthy cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform IR (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy may be used to determine the metastatic potential of cancer cells. Using the ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, we can identify spectral alterations that are a result of hydration or molecular changes. We examined two murine melanoma cells with a common genetic background but a different metastatic level, and similarly, two human melanoma cells. Our findings revealed that higher metastatic potential correlates with membrane hydration level. Measuring the spectral properties of the cells allows us to determine the membrane hydration levels. Thus, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy has the potential to help in cancer metastasis prognosis.
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17
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Li Q, Tang Y, Yan Z, Zhang P. Identification of trace additives in polymer materials by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared mapping coupled with multivariate curve resolution. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 180:154-160. [PMID: 28284161 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although multivariate curve resolution (MCR) has been applied to the analysis of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging, it is still problematic to determine the number of components. The reported methods at present tend to cause the components of low concentration missed. In this paper a new idea was proposed to resolve this problem. First, MCR calculation was repeated by increasing the number of components sequentially, then each retrieved pure spectrum of as-resulted MCR component was directly compared with a real-world pixel spectrum of the local high concentration in the corresponding MCR map. One component was affirmed only if the characteristic bands of the MCR component had been included in its pixel spectrum. This idea was applied to attenuated total reflection (ATR)/FTIR mapping for identifying the trace additives in blind polymer materials and satisfactory results were acquired. The successful demonstration of this novel approach opens up new possibilities for analyzing additives in polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Analysis and Test Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yongjiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Analysis and Test Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhiwei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Analysis and Test Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pudun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Analysis and Test Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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18
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De Meutter J, Vandenameele J, Matagne A, Goormaghtigh E. Infrared imaging of high density protein arrays. Analyst 2017; 142:1371-1380. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an02048h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We propose in this paper that protein microarrays could be analysed by infrared imaging in place of enzymatic or fluorescence labelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle De Meutter
- Center for Structural Biology and Bioinformatics
- Laboratory for the Structure and Function of Biological Membranes
- Campus Plaine CP206/02
- Université Libre de Bruxelles CP206/2
- B1050 Brussels
| | - Julie Vandenameele
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Protein Folding
- Centre for Protein Engineering
- University of Liège
- 4000 Liège
- Belgium
| | - André Matagne
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Protein Folding
- Centre for Protein Engineering
- University of Liège
- 4000 Liège
- Belgium
| | - Erik Goormaghtigh
- Center for Structural Biology and Bioinformatics
- Laboratory for the Structure and Function of Biological Membranes
- Campus Plaine CP206/02
- Université Libre de Bruxelles CP206/2
- B1050 Brussels
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