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Chen X, Cai D, Li H, Wei Q, Li X, Han Z, Liang J, Xie J, Ruan J, Liu J, Xiang Z, Dong W, Guo W. Exosomal U2AF2 derived from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attenuates the intervertebral disc degeneration through circ_0036763/miR-583/ACAN axis. Regen Ther 2024; 25:344-354. [PMID: 38362337 PMCID: PMC10867602 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is one of the major leading causes of back pain affecting the patient's quality of life. However, the roles of circular RNA (circRNA) in IDD remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the function and underlying mechanism of circ_0036763 in IDD. In this study, expressions of circ_0036763, U2 small nuclear RNA auxiliary factor 2 (U2AF2), miR-583 and aggrecan (ACAN) in primary human nucleus pulposus cells (HNPCs) derived from IDD patients and healthy controls were detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) or Western blot (WB). The relationship between pre-circ_0036763 and U2AF2, circ_0036763 and miR-583, miR-583 and ACAN mRNA was determined by bioinformatic analysis, miRNA pull down or RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. The expressions of Collagen I and Collagen II were evaluated by WB. Co-culture of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs) or bMSCs-derived exosomes and HNPCs were performed to identify the effect of U2AF2 on the mature of circ_0036763 and ACAN. Results indicated that circ_0036763, U2AF2 and ACAN were downregulated while miR-583 was upregulated in HNPCs derived from IDD patients compared with that in normal HNPCs. Besides, overexpression of circ_0036763 elevated the expressions of ACAN and Collagen II whereas reduced Collagen I expression in HNPCs. Moreover, U2AF2 promoted the mature of circ_0036763, and circ_0036763 positively regulated ACAN by directly sponging miR-583. Furthermore, exosomal U2AF2 derived from bMSCs could increase U2AF2 levels in HNPCs and subsequently regulate the expression of ACAN by circ_0036763/miR-583 axis. In summary, circ_0036763 modified by exosomal U2AF2 derived from bMSCs alleviated IDD through regulating miR-583/ACAN axis in HNPCs. Thus, this study might provide novel therapeutic targets for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.93 and 65 Qiaodong Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Dongling Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.93 and 65 Qiaodong Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.93 and 65 Qiaodong Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Qipeng Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.93 and 65 Qiaodong Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Dermatology, Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.93 and 65 Qiaodong Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511400, China
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Disitrct, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zhuangxun Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.93 and 65 Qiaodong Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Jinjun Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.93 and 65 Qiaodong Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Junxian Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.93 and 65 Qiaodong Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Jiajian Ruan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Disitrct, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Jincheng Liu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Disitrct, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Zhen Xiang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Disitrct, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Wenxuan Dong
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No.12 Jichang Road, Baiyun Disitrct, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Weijun Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No.93 and 65 Qiaodong Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511400, China
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Luo Y, He Y, Wang Y, Xu Y, Yang L. LncRNA HCG18 promotes inflammation and apoptosis in intervertebral disc degeneration via the miR-495-3p/FSTL1 axis. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:171-181. [PMID: 37138144 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04716-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) causes pain in the back and neck. This study investigated the role of long non-coding RNA HLA complex group 18 (HCG18) in a cell model of IDD. An IDD model was established by stimulating nucleus pulposus (NP) cells with interleukin (IL)-1β. MTT assay was performed to evaluate NP cell viability. The apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of HCG18, microRNA (miR)-495-3p, and follistatin-like protein-1 (FSTL1) were measured by RT-qPCR. The interactions of miR-495-3p with HCG18 and FSTL1 were analyzed by luciferase reporter assay. IL-1β stimulation upregulated HCG18 and FSTL1, but downregulated miR-495-3p in NP cells. Silencing of HCG18 or FSTL1, as well as miR-495-3p overexpression in NP cells alleviated IL-1β-induced apoptosis and inflammation of NP cells. Both HCG18 and FSTL1 had binding sites for miR-495-3p. Overexpression of FSTL1 abolished the effects of HCG18 silencing on IL-1β-induced apoptosis and inflammation. The HCG18/miR-495-3p/FSTL1 axis is essential for IDD development. Therapeutic strategies targeting this axis may be used for IDD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Department of Spine Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, No. 161, The Shaoshan South Road, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Youzhi He
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Department of Spine Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, No. 161, The Shaoshan South Road, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfu Wang
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Department of Spine Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, No. 161, The Shaoshan South Road, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxia Xu
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Department of Spine Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, No. 161, The Shaoshan South Road, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Department of Spine Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, No. 161, The Shaoshan South Road, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Xie G, Wu T, Ji G, Wu H, Lai Y, Wei B, Huang W. Circular RNA and intervertebral disc degeneration: unravelling mechanisms and implications. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1302017. [PMID: 38192334 PMCID: PMC10773835 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1302017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is a major public health problem worldwide and a significant health and economic burden. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the reason for LBP. However, we have not identified effective therapeutic strategies to address this challenge. With accumulating knowledge on the role of circular RNAs in the pathogenesis of IDD, we realised that circular RNAs (circRNAs) may have tremendous therapeutic potential and clinical application prospects in this field. This review presents an overview of the current understanding of characteristics, classification, biogenesis, and function of circRNAs and summarises the protective and detrimental circRNAs involved in the intervertebral disc that have been studied thus far. This review is aimed to help researchers better understand the regulatory role of circRNAs in the progression of IDD, reveal their clinical therapeutic potential, and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and targeted treatment of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohao Xie
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tingrui Wu
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guangju Ji
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hang Wu
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yue Lai
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Li Y, Zhou S, Hu X, Lu S. The pathological mechanisms of circRNAs in mediating intervertebral disc degeneration. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:633-640. [PMID: 37780894 PMCID: PMC10539873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower back pain (LBP) is a worldwide health problem associated with significant economic and social burden. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a leading cause of LBP. Several studies show that the death of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), abnormal metabolism of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and inflammatory response are the key mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of IVDD. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression and play a significant role in regulating NPCs death, ECM homeostasis, and inflammatory response by acting as microRNAs (miRNAs) sponges in IVDD. However, the regulatory role of circRNAs in mediating IVDD remains unknown. This review comprehensively describes the normal anatomic structure and function of IVD, the pathogenesis of IVDD, the characteristics, synthesis, mechanisms, and function of circRNAs. Moreover, we highlighted the 23 circRNAs that mediate ECM metabolism, 16 circRNAs that mediate NPCs apoptosis, circ_0004354 and circ_0040039 that mediate NPCs pyroptosis, and 5 circRNAs that mediate inflammatory response in IVDD. In addition, this review presents suggestions for future studies, such as the need for further investigation on ferroptosis-related circRNAs in IVDD. This review could provide novel insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Suzhe Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Anhui No 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Xinli Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shibao Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
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Pan J, Liu Z, Shen B, Xu J, Dai G, Xu W, Wang J, Li L, Cheng L. tsRNA-04002 alleviates intervertebral disk degeneration by targeting PRKCA to inhibit apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:413. [PMID: 37287061 PMCID: PMC10249188 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-03878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD) is a degenerative disease that underlies various musculoskeletal and spinal disorders and is positively correlated with age. tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNA), as a new small noncoding RNAs, its function in IDD is unclear. Herein, our goal was to find the key tsRNA that affects IDD independently of age and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Small RNA sequencing was performed in nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues of traumatic lumbar fracture individuals, young IDD (IDDY) patients, and old IDD (IDDO) patients. The biological functions of tsRNA-04002 in NP cells (NPCs) were investigated by qRT-PCR, western blot, and flow cytometry analysis. The molecular mechanism of tsRNA-04002 was demonstrated by luciferase assays and rescue experiments. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects of tsRNA-04002 on IDD rat model were used and evaluated in vivo. RESULTS Compared with fresh traumatic lumbar fracture patients, a total of 695 disordered tsRNAs is obtained (398 down-regulated tsRNAs and 297 up-regulated tsRNAs). These disordered tsRNAs were mainly involved in Wnt signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. tsRNA-04002 was an age-independent key target in IDD, which was both lower expressed in IDDY and IDDO groups than control group. Overexpression of tsRNA-04002 restrained inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α expression, increased the COL2A1, and inhibited the NPCs apoptosis. Furthermore, we determined that PRKCA was the target gene of tsRNA-04002 and was negatively regulated by tsRNA-04002. The rescue experiment results suggested that the high expression of PRKCA reversed the inhibitory effect of tsRNA-04002 mimics on NPCs inflammation and apoptosis, and promotive effect of COL2A1. Moreover, tsRNA-04002 treatment dramatically ameliorated the IDD process in the puncture-induced rat model, together with the blockade of PRKCA in vivo. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results substantiated that tsRNA-04002 could alleviate IDD by targeting PRKCA to inhibit apoptosis of NPCs. tsRNA-04002 may be a novel therapeutic target of IDD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Pan
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhonghan Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Gonghua Dai
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jianjie Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.389 Xincun Road, Putuo Distrcit, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lijun Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.389 Xincun Road, Putuo Distrcit, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Xia Y, Wang H, Yang R, Hou Y, Li Y, Zhu J, Fu C. Biomaterials delivery strategies to repair degenerated intervertebral discs by regulating the inflammatory microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1051606. [PMID: 36756124 PMCID: PMC9900107 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1051606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is one of the leading causes of lower back pain. Although IVDD cannot directly cause death, it can cause pain, psychological burdens, and economic burdens to patients. Current conservative treatments for IVDD can relieve pain but cannot reverse the disease. Patients who cannot tolerate pain usually resort to a strategy of surgical resection of the degenerated disc. However, the surgical removal of IVDD can affect the stability of adjacent discs. Furthermore, the probability of the reherniation of the intervertebral disc (IVD) after surgery is as high as 21.2%. Strategies based on tissue engineering to deliver stem cells for the regeneration of nucleus purposes (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) have been extensively studied. The developed biomaterials not only locally withstand the pressure of the IVD but also lay the foundation for the survival of stem cells. However, the structure of IVDs does not provide sufficient nutrients for delivered stem cells. The role of immune mechanisms in IVDD has recently become clear. In IVDD, the IVD that was originally in immune privilege prevents the attack of immune cells (mainly effector T cells and macrophages) and aggravates the disease. Immune regulatory and inflammatory factors released by effector T cells, macrophages, and the IVD further aggravate IVDD. Reversing IVDD by regulating the inflammatory microenvironment is a potential approach for the treatment of the disease. However, the biological factors modulating the inflammatory microenvironment easily degrade in vivo. It makes it possible for different biomaterials to modulate the inflammatory microenvironment to repair IVDD. In this review, we have discussed the structures of IVDs and the immune mechanisms underlying IVDD. We have described the immune mechanisms elicited by different biological factors, including tumor necrosis factors, interleukins, transforming growth factors, hypoxia-inducible factors, and reactive oxygen species in IVDs. Finally, we have discussed the biomaterials used to modulate the inflammatory microenvironment to repair IVDD and their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliang Xia
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hengyi Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruohan Yang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yulin Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangyuan Central Hospital, Guangyuan, China
| | - Yuehong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianshu Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changfeng Fu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Changfeng Fu,
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Abstract
Bone is a connective tissue that has important functions in the human body. Cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) are key components of bone and are closely related to bone-related diseases. However, the outcomes of conventional treatments for bone-related diseases are not promising, and hence it is necessary to elucidate the exact regulatory mechanisms of bone-related diseases and identify novel biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs that form closed circular structures without a 5' cap or 3' tail and polycyclic adenylate tails. Due to their high stability, circRNAs have the potential to be typical biomarkers. Accumulating evidence suggests that circRNAs are involved in bone-related diseases, including osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, osteosarcoma, multiple myeloma, intervertebral disc degeneration, and rheumatoid arthritis. Herein, we summarize the recent research progress on the characteristics and functions of circRNAs, and highlight the regulatory mechanism of circRNAs in bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui HU
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai200438, China
| | - Wei WU
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai200438, China
| | - Jun ZOU
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai200438, China,Jun ZOU,
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Li X, An Y, Wang Q, Han X. The new ceRNA crosstalk between mRNAs and miRNAs in intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1083983. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1083983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of the intervertebral disc has been linked to lower back pain. To date, pathophysiological mechanisms of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) remain unclear; it is meaningful to find effective diagnostic biomarkers and new therapeutic strategies for IDD. This study aimed to reveal the molecular mechanism of IDD pathogenesis from the multidimensional transcriptomics perspective. Here, we acquired IDD bulk omics datasets (GSE67567 and GSE167199) including mRNA, microRNA expression profiles, and single-cell RNA sequencing (GSE199866) from the public Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Through principal component analysis and Venn analysis, we found different expression patterns in the IDD transcription level and identified 156 common DEGs in both bulk datasets. GO and KEGG functional analyses showed these dysregulators were mostly enriched in the collagen-containing extracellular matrix, cartilage development, chondrocyte differentiation, and immune response pathways. We also constructed a potentially dysregulated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network between mRNAs and miRNAs related to IDD based on microRNA target information and co-expression analysis of RNA profiles and identified 36 ceRNA axes including ZFP36/miR-155-5p/FOS, BTG2/hsa-miR-185-5p/SOCS3, and COL9A2/hsa-miR-664a-5p/IBA57. Finally, in integrating bulk and single-cell transcriptome data analyses, a total of three marker genes, COL2A1, PAX1, and ZFP36L2, were identified. In conclusion, the key genes and the new ceRNA crosstalk we identified in intervertebral disc degeneration may provide new targets for the treatment of IDD.
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Zhang C, Gao R, Zhou R, Chen H, Liu C, Zhu T, Chen C. The emerging power and promise of non-coding RNAs in chronic pain. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1037929. [PMID: 36407760 PMCID: PMC9668864 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1037929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain (CP) is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage lasting longer than 3 months. CP is the main reason why people seek medical care and exerts an enormous economic burden. Genome-wide expression analysis has revealed that diverse essential genetic elements are altered in CP patients. Although many possible mechanisms of CP have been revealed, we are still unable to meet all the analgesic needs of patients. In recent years, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been shown to play essential roles in peripheral neuropathy and axon regeneration, which is associated with CP occurrence and development. Multiple key ncRNAs have been identified in animal models of CP, such as microRNA-30c-5p, ciRS-7, and lncRNA MRAK009713. This review highlights different kinds of ncRNAs in the regulation of CP, which provides a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. It mainly focuses on the contributions of miRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs to CP, specifically peripheral neuropathic pain (NP), diabetic NP, central NP associated with spinal cord injury, complex regional pain syndrome, inflammatory pain, and cancer-induced pain. In addition, we summarize some potential ncRNAs as novel biomarkers for CP and its complications. With an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of CP, ncRNAs may provide novel insight into CP and could become new therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changteng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruihao Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Medical School/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Changliang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and The Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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circ_0072464 Shuttled by Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Secreted Extracellular Vesicles Inhibits Nucleus Pulposus Cell Ferroptosis to Relieve Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2948090. [PMID: 35814268 PMCID: PMC9259290 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2948090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, as an iron-dependent form of necrotic cell death, has been reported to affect activities of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). However, its role in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is largely unknown. Notably, our bioinformatics analysis predicted that circ_0072464 was downregulated in nucleus pulposus of IDD mice. Therefore, this study is aimed at clarifying the mechanisms of extracellular vesicle- (EV-) encapsulated circ_0072464 derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in NPC ferroptosis in IDD. EVs were extracted from mouse BMSCs (BMSC-EVs) and then cocultured with IL-1β-induced NPCs, followed by detection of matrix synthesis, proliferation, and ferroptosis of NPCs based on gain- or loss-of-function experiments. It was found that the uptake of BMSC-EVs by NPCs alleviated IDD. circ_0072464 and NRF2 were downregulated, and miR-431 was upregulated in IDD. Mechanistically, circ_0072464 competitively bound to miR-431, which targeted and inhibited NRF2 expression. BMSC-derived EVs carrying circ_0072464 inhibited NPC ferroptosis to promote matrix synthesis and proliferation of NPCs by inhibiting miR-431 and upregulating NRF2. Besides, in vivo experiments also confirmed that BMSC-EVs alleviated intervertebral disc lesions in mice with IDD through the circ_0072464/miR-431/NRF2 axis. Collectively, BMSC-EV-loaded circ_0072464 inhibited NPC ferroptosis to relieve IDD via upregulation of miR-431-mediated NRF2, therefore providing a potential therapeutic target against IDD.
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11
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Han J, Kong H, Wang X, Zhang XA. Novel insights into the interaction between N6-methyladenosine methylation and noncoding RNAs in musculoskeletal disorders. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13294. [PMID: 35735243 PMCID: PMC9528765 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) are a class of inflammatory and degener-ative diseases, but the precise molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. Noncoding RNA (ncRNA) N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification plays an essential role in the pathophysiological process of MSD. This review summarized the interaction be-tween m6A RNA methylation and ncRNAs in the molecular regulatory mechanism of MSD. It provides a new perspective for the pathophysiological mechanism and ncRNA m6A targeted therapy of MSD. METHODS A comprehensive search of databases was conducted with musculoskeletal disorders, noncoding RNA, N6-methyladenosine, intervertebral disc degeneration, oste-oporosis, osteosarcoma, osteoarthritis, skeletal muscle, bone, and cartilage as the key-words. Then, summarized all the relevant articles. RESULTS Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), osteoporosis (OP), osteosarcoma (OS), and osteoarthritis (OA) are common MSDs that affect muscle, bone, cartilage, and joint, leading to limited movement, pain, and disability. However, the precise pathogenesis remains unclear, and no effective treatment and drug is available at present. Numerous studies confirmed that the mutual regulation between m6A and ncRNAs (i.e., microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs) was found in MSD, m6A modification can regulate ncRNAs, and ncRNAs can also target m6A regulators. ncRNA m6A modification plays an essential role in the pathophysiological process of MSDs by regulating the homeostasis of skeletal muscle, bone, and cartilage. CONCLUSION m6A interacts with ncRNAs to regulate multiple biological processes and plays important roles in IDD, OP, OS, and OA. These studies provide new insights into the pathophysiological mechanism of MSD and targeting m6A-modified ncRNAs may be a promising therapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Han
- College of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Kong
- College of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueqiang Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Shangti Orthopaedic Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-An Zhang
- College of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
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12
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Xin J, Wang Y, Zheng Z, Wang S, Na S, Zhang S. Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Orthop Surg 2022; 14:1271-1280. [PMID: 35486489 PMCID: PMC9251272 DOI: 10.1111/os.13254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) causes a variety of signs and symptoms, such as low back pain (LBP), intervertebral disc herniation, and spinal stenosis, which contribute to high social and economic costs. IDD results from many factors, including genetic factors, aging, mechanical injury, malnutrition, and so on. The pathological changes of IDD are mainly composed of the senescence and apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), the progressive degeneration of extracellular matrix (ECM), the fibrosis of annulus fibrosus (AF), and the inflammatory response. At present, IDD can be treated by conservative treatment and surgical treatment based on patients' symptoms. However, all of these can only release the pain but cannot reverse IDD and reconstruct the mechanical function of the spine. The latest research is moving towards the field of biotherapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are regard as the potential therapy of IDD because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into a variety of tissues. Moreover, the non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are found to regulate many vital processes in IDD. There have been many successes in the in vitro and animal studies of using biotherapy to treat IDD, but how to transform the experimental data to real therapy which can apply to humans is still a challenge. This article mainly reviews the treatment strategies and research progress of IDD and indicates that there are many problems that need to be solved if the new biotherapy is to be applied to clinical treatment of IDD. This will provide reference and guidance for clinical treatment and research direction of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingguo Xin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shibo Na
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, China
| | - Shaokun Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, China
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13
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Jiang Z, Zhao Q, Chen L, Luo Y, Shen L, Cao Z, Wang Q. UBR3 promotes inflammation and apoptosis via DUSP1/p38 pathway in the nucleus pulposus cells of patients with intervertebral disc degeneration. Hum Cell 2022; 35:792-802. [PMID: 35332432 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00693-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc disease (IDD) is a primary cause of low back pain, affecting 5% of individuals. Previous study have shown that dual-specificity (Thr/Tyr) phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) regulates p38 MAPK activity and DUSP1 level is regulated by ubiquitination. As an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, UBR3 has been shown to regulate a variety of biological processes through ubiquitination. However, the role of UBR3/DUSP1/p38 in IDD remains to be elucidated. In the current study, we found that UBR3 was significantly increased in the nucleus pulposus tissues of IDD patients and was correlated with IDD severity. Silencing UBR3 promoted the growth, inhibited apoptosis, and inhibited inflammation in primary NPCs. Mechanism study suggested that UBR3 exerted its effects through p38. Co-immunoprecipitation assay indicated that UBR3 promoted DUSP1 ubiquitination. Overexpression of DUSP1 reversed the effect of UBR3 overexpression. Our data also supported that UBR3 was positively correlated with p-p38, but negatively correlated with DUSP1 in IDD. In summary, UBR3 promotes inflammation and apoptosis via inhibiting the p38 signaling pathway by DUSP1 ubiquitination in the NPCs of IDD patients. These findings highlight the importance of UBR3/DUSP1/p38 signaling pathway in IDD and provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhuan Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Yifeng Luo
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China
| | - Zhihong Cao
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing, China.
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14
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Kim J. Differentially Expressed Circular RNAs in Degenerative Diseases Related to Low Back Pain: Potential of Circular RNAs as Biomarkers. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2022; 26:51-58. [PMID: 35166604 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2021.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is a main cause of disability around the world. Nevertheless, given the complex pathophysiology of LBP, the etiological diagnosis of LBP is a challenging process. Identifying appropriate biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets is still crucial for LBP research. There has been a growing interest in molecular biomarkers of LBP-related degenerative diseases. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have received great attention as microRNA (miRNA) sponges that inhibit normal miRNA activity. Due to their abundance and stability, circRNAs are considered as potential diagnostic biomarkers. Indeed, it has been reported that circulating or tissue-specific circRNAs can be used for diagnosing human diseases, including cancers, neurological diseases, and inflammatory diseases. Also of note, from 2015, research on circRNAs involved in LBP-related diseases is very active. Moreover, specific roles of some of the differentially expressed circRNAs have been demonstrated. Thus, the putative involvement of circRNAs in LBP-related diseases may suggest that some of the dysregulated circRNAs may have the potential to serve as therapeutic targets and/or diagnostic biomarkers for LBP. This review summarizes the current progress on differentially expressed circRNAs in diseases related to LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehee Kim
- Department of Alternative Medicine, Graduate School of Alternative Medicine, Kyonggi University (Seoul Campus), Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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The Roles of circRNAs in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Inflammation, Extracellular Matrix Metabolism, and Apoptosis. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2022; 2022:9550499. [PMID: 35186669 PMCID: PMC8856834 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9550499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is seriously harmful to human health and produces heavy economic burden. And most scholars hold that intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the primary cause of LBP. With the study of IDD, aberrant expression of gene has become an important pathogenic factor of IDD. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), as a kind of noncoding RNA (ncRNA), participate in the regulation of genetic transcription and translation and further affect the expression of inflammatory cytokine, metabolism of extracellular matrix (ECM), the proliferation and apoptosis of cells, etc. Therefore, maybe it will become a new therapeutic target for IDD. At present, our understanding of the mechanism of circRNAs in IDD is limited. The purpose of this review is to summarize the mechanism and related signaling pathways of circRNAs in IDD reported in the past. Particularly, the roles of circRNAs in inflammation, ECM metabolism, and apoptosis are emphasized.
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16
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Xu D, Ma X, Sun C, Han J, Zhou C, Wong SH, Chan MTV, Wu WKK. Circular RNAs in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: An Updated Review. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:781424. [PMID: 35071323 PMCID: PMC8770867 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.781424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Low back pain, a common medical condition, could result in severe disability and inflict huge economical and public health burden. Its pathogenesis is attributed to multiple etiological factors, including intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Emerging evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs), a major type of regulatory non-coding RNA, play critical roles in cellular processes that are pertinent to IDD development, including nucleus pulposus cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as extracellular matrix deposition. Increasing number of translational studies also indicated that circRNAs could serve as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of IDD and/or predicting its clinical outcomes. Our review aims to discuss the recent progress in the functions and mechanisms of newly discovered IDD-related circRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derong Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuexiao Ma
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chong Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jialuo Han
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuanli Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sunny Hei Wong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - William K K Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care and Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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17
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Romhányi D, Szabó K, Kemény L, Sebestyén E, Groma G. Transcriptional Analysis-Based Alterations Affecting Neuritogenesis of the Peripheral Nervous System in Psoriasis. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:111. [PMID: 35054504 PMCID: PMC8778302 DOI: 10.3390/life12010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing amount of evidence indicates the critical role of the cutaneous nervous system in the initiation and maintenance of psoriatic skin lesions by neurogenic inflammation. However, molecular mechanisms affecting cutaneous neurons are largely uncharacterized. Therefore, we reanalyzed a psoriatic RNA sequencing dataset from published transcriptome experiments of nearly 300 individuals. Using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software, we associated several hundreds of differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) to nervous system development and functions. Since neuronal projections were previously reported to be affected in psoriasis, we performed an in-depth analysis of neurite formation-related process. Our in silico analysis suggests that SEMA-PLXN and ROBO-DCC-UNC5 regulating axonal growth and repulsion are differentially affected in non-lesional and lesional skin samples. We identified opposing expressional alterations in secreted ligands for axonal guidance signaling (RTN4/NOGOA, NTNs, SEMAs, SLITs) and non-conventional axon guidance regulating ligands, including WNT5A and their receptors, modulating axon formation. These differences in neuritogenesis may explain the abnormal cutaneous nerve filament formation described in psoriatic skin. The processes also influence T-cell activation and infiltration, thus highlighting an additional angle of the crosstalk between the cutaneous nervous system and the immune responses in psoriasis pathogenesis, in addition to the known neurogenic pro-inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Romhányi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.R.); (K.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Kornélia Szabó
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.R.); (K.S.); (L.K.)
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine-University of Szeged Skin Research Group (HCEMM-USZ Skin Research Group), University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lajos Kemény
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.R.); (K.S.); (L.K.)
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine-University of Szeged Skin Research Group (HCEMM-USZ Skin Research Group), University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Endre Sebestyén
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Gergely Groma
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.R.); (K.S.); (L.K.)
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, MTA-SZTE Dermatological Research Group, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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18
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Jiang C, Chen Z, Wang X, Zhang Y, Guo X, Xu Z, Yang H, Hao D. The potential mechanisms and application prospects of non-coding RNAs in intervertebral disc degeneration. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1081185. [PMID: 36568075 PMCID: PMC9772433 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1081185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal symptoms and severely affects patient quality of life. The majority of people may suffer from LBP during their life-span, which leading to huge economic burdens to family and society. According to the series of the previous studies, intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is considered as the major contributor resulting in LBP. Furthermore, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly including microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), can regulate diverse cellular processes, which have been found to play pivotal roles in the development of IDD. However, the potential mechanisms of action for ncRNAs in the processes of IDD are still completely unrevealed. Therefore, it is challenging to consider ncRNAs to be used as the potential therapeutic targets for IDD. In this paper, we reviewed the current research progress and findings on ncRNAs in IDD: i). ncRNAs mainly participate in the process of IDD through regulating apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, metabolism of extracellular matrix (ECM) and inflammatory response; ii). the roles of miRNAs/lncRNAs/circRNAs are cross-talk in IDD development, which is similar to the network and can modulate each other; iii). ncRNAs have been attempted to combat the degenerative processes and may be promising as an efficient bio-therapeutic strategy in the future. Hence, this review systematically summarizes the principal pathomechanisms of IDD and shed light on the therapeutic potentials of ncRNAs in IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Yongyuan Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhengwei Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Translational Medicine Center, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Yang, ; Dingjun Hao,
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hao Yang, ; Dingjun Hao,
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19
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Huang W, Wu Y, Qiao M, Xie Z, Cen X, Huang X, Zhao Z. CircRNA-miRNA networks in regulating bone disease. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1225-1244. [PMID: 34796958 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a class of endogenous noncoding RNA (ncRNA), presenting as a special covalent closed loop without a 5' cap or 3' tail, maintaining resistance to RNA exonuclease and keeping high stability. Although lowly expressed in most situations, circRNA makes an active difference in regulating physiological or pathological processes by modulating gene expression by regulation of transcription, protein, and miRNA functions through various mechanisms in particular tissues. Recent studies have demonstrated the roles of the miRNA-circRNA network in the development of several bone diseases such as osteoporosis, a multiple-mechanism disease resulting from defective bone quality and low bone mass, osteoarthritis, whose main pathomechanism is inflammation and articular cartilage degradation, as well as osteosarcoma, known as one of the most common bone cancers. However, the specific mechanism of how circRNA along with miRNA influences those diseases is not well documented, showing potential for the development of new therapies for those bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - MingXin Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuojun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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20
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Lin Z, Lu F, Ma X, Xia X, Zou F, Jiang J. Roles of circular RNAs in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1221. [PMID: 34603518 PMCID: PMC8453328 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower back pain (LBP) is an extremely common symptom and is recognized as a leading contributor to disability and disease burden globally. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) represents a major cause of LBP. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of IDD remain unclear, and currently available treatments, including conservative and surgical options, fail to effectively delay, stop or reverse the progression of IDD. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a newly discovered group of covalently closed, single-stranded and endogenous non-coding RNAs. A growing body of research has revealed that a number of circRNAs are widely and aberrantly expressed in IDD tissues. Furthermore, they play important roles in the pathogenesis of IDD, including proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, mitophagy, inflammation and extracellular matrix metabolism, mainly by acting as sponges for microRNAs. The present review aims to summarize the current understanding on the mechanisms of circRNA-mediated regulation in IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidi Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Feizhou Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Xiaosheng Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Xinlei Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jianyuan Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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21
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Zheng YL, Song G, Guo JB, Su X, Chen YM, Yang Z, Chen PJ, Wang XQ. Interactions Among lncRNA/circRNA, miRNA, and mRNA in Musculoskeletal Degenerative Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:753931. [PMID: 34708047 PMCID: PMC8542847 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.753931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal degenerative diseases (MSDDs) are pathological conditions that affect muscle, bone, cartilage, joint and connective tissue, leading to physical and functional impairments in patients, mainly consist of osteoarthritis (OA), intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel regulators of gene expression that play an important role in biological regulation, involving in chondrocyte proliferation and apoptosis, extracellular matrix degradation and peripheral blood mononuclear cell inflammation. Research on MSDD pathogenesis, especially on RA and AS, is still in its infancy and major knowledge gaps remain to be filled. The effects of lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis on MSDD progression help us to fully understand their contribution to the dynamic cellular processes, provide the potential OA, IDD, RA and AS therapeutic strategies. Further studies are needed to explore the mutual regulatory mechanisms between lncRNA/circRNA regulation and effective therapeutic interventions in the pathology of MSDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Li Zheng
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Ge Song
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Bao Guo
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xuan Su
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Meng Chen
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Jie Chen
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Shangti Orthopaedic Hospital, Shanghai, China
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22
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Modulation of the Wound Healing through Noncoding RNA Interplay and GSK-3 β/NF- κB Signaling Interaction. Int J Genomics 2021; 2021:9709290. [PMID: 34485505 PMCID: PMC8413067 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9709290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers are seriously endangering the physical and mental health of patients. Due to the long duration of inflammation, the treatment of nonhealing wounds in diabetes is one of the most prominent healthcare problems in the world. The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, a classical pathway that triggers inflammatory response, is regulated by many regulators, such as glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β). Noncoding RNAs, a large class of molecules that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional or posttranslational level, play an important role in various stages of wound healing, especially in the stage of inflammation. Herein, we summarized the roles of noncoding RNAs in the NF-κB/GSK-3β signaling, which might provide new ideas for the treatment of diabetic wound healing.
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Long noncoding RNA LINC00261 upregulates ITIH5 to impair tumorigenic ability of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:220. [PMID: 34446696 PMCID: PMC8390744 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated tumor development in a range of different cancers, including pancreatic cancer (PC). Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a drug-resistant cancer cell subset, drive tumor progression in PC. In this work, we aimed to investigate the mechanism by which lncRNA LINC00261 affects the biological functions of CSCs during the progression of PC. Microarray analysis of differentially expressed genes and lncRNAs suggested that LINC00261 is downregulated in PC. Both LINC00261 and ITIH5 were confirmed to be downregulated in PC cells and PC stem cells. Gain-of-function and loss-of-function investigations were performed to analyze their effects on cell proliferation, drug resistance, cell cycle distribution, self-renewal, invasion, and ultimately overall tumorigenicity. These experiments revealed that the expression of stem cell markers was reduced, and cell proliferation, self-renewal ability, cell invasion, drug resistance, and tumorigenicity were all suppressed by upregulation of LINC00261 or ITIH5. The results of dual-luciferase reporter gene, ChIP, and RIP assays indicated that LINC00261 binds directly to GATA6, increasing its activity at the ITIH5 promoter. The presence of LINC00261 and GATA6 inhibited the self-renewal and tumorigenesis of PC stem cells, while silence of ITIH5 rescued those functions. Collectively, this study identifies the tumor suppressive activity of LINC00261 in PC, showing that this lncRNA limits the functions of PC stem through an ITIH5/GATA6 regulatory pathway.
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Wang Y, Kang J, Guo X, Zhu D, Liu M, Yang L, Zhang G, Kang X. Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Models for Pathophysiology and Regenerative Therapy -Benefits and Limitations. J INVEST SURG 2021; 35:935-952. [PMID: 34309468 DOI: 10.1080/08941939.2021.1953640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aim:This review summarized the recent intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) models and described their advantages and potential disadvantages, aiming to provide an overview for the current condition of IDD model establishment and new ideas for new strategies development of the treatment and prevention of IDD.Methods:The database of PubMed was searched up to May 2021 with the following search terms: nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, cartilage endplate, intervertebral disc(IVD), intervertebral disc degeneration, animal model, organ culture, bioreactor, inflammatory reaction, mechanical stress, pathophysiology, epidemiology. Any IDD model-related articles were collected and summarized.Results:The best IDD model should have the features of repeatability, measurability and controllability. There are a lot of aspects to be considered in the selection of animals. Mice, rats and rabbits are low-cost and easy to access. However, their IVD size and shape are more different from human anatomy than pigs, cattle, sheep and goats. Organ culture models and animal models are two options in model establishment for IDD. The IVD organ culture model can put the studying variables into the controllable system for transitional research. Unlike the animal model, the organ culture model can only be used to evaluate the short-term effects and it is not applicable in simulating the complex process of IDD. Similarly, the animal models induced by different methods also have their advantages and disadvantages. For studying the mechanism of IDD and the corresponding treatment and prevention strategies, the selection of model should be individualized based on the purpose of each study.Conclusions:Various models have different characteristics and scope of application due to their different rationales and methods of construction. Currently, there is no experimental model that can perfectly mimic the degenerative process of human IVD. Personalized selection of appropriate model based on study purpose and experimental designing can enhance the possibility to obtain reliable and real results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidian Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jihe Kang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Guo
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Daxue Zhu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mingqiang Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Liang Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, P.R. China.,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for The Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, Gansu, P.R. China
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25
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Identification of Differentially Expressed circRNAs, miRNAs, and Genes in Patients Associated with Cartilaginous Endplate Degeneration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:2545459. [PMID: 34104646 PMCID: PMC8158415 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2545459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) disease is a global challenge because of its predominant pathogenic factor in triggering low back pain, whereas cartilaginous endplate degeneration (CEPD) is the main cause of IDD. Accumulating evidence have indicated that the differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) have been determined to be involved in multiple biological processes to mediate CEPD progression. However, the differentially expressed circular RNAs (DECs) and their potential biofunctions in CEPD have not been identified. Methods GSE153761 dataset was analyzed using R software to predict DECs, DEMs, and DEGs. Pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs and host genes of DECs and protein-protein interaction network of DEGs were conducted to explore their potential biofunctions. Furthermore, we explore the potential relationship between DEGs and DECs. Results There were 74 DECs, 17 DEMs, and 68 DEGs upregulated whereas 50 DECs, 16 DEMs, and 67 DEGs downregulated in CEPD group. Pathway analysis unveiled that these RNAs might regulate CEPD via mediating inflammatory response, ECM metabolism, chondrocytes apoptosis, and chondrocytes growth. A total of 17 overlapping genes were predicted between the host genes of DEGs and DECs, such as SDC1 and MAOA. Moreover, 6 upregulated DECs, of which hsa_circ_0052830 was the most upregulated circRNA in CEPD, were derived from the host genes SDC1, whereas 8 downregulated DECs were derived from the host genes MAOA. Conclusion This will provide novel clues for future experimental studies to elucidate the pathomechanism of CEPD and therapeutic targets for CEPD-related diseases.
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Zhang F, Lin F, Xu Z, Huang Z. Circular RNA ITCH promotes extracellular matrix degradation via activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling in intervertebral disc degeneration. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14185-14197. [PMID: 34015763 PMCID: PMC8202898 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the prevailing spine disorder and is associated with musculoskeletal disease. The extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation is an essential hallmark of IDD progression. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), as crucial cellular regulators, participate in multiple pathological processes including IDD. Here, we tried to explore the effect of circITCH on the ECM degradation of IDD and the underlying mechanism. Significantly, the expression levels of circITCH were elevated in the IDD patients’ nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues relative to that of normal cases. CircITCH promoted apoptosis and decreased proliferation of NP cells. CircITCH contributed to ECM degradation, as demonstrated by increased ADAMTS4 and MMP13 expression and decreased aggrecan and collagen II expression. Mechanically, miR-17-5p could be sponged by circITCH and miR-17-5p inhibited ECM degradation by repressing SOX4 in degenerative NP cells. CircITCH could activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway by targeting miR-17-5p/SOX4 signaling. SOX4 overexpression, miR-17-5p inhibitor, or Wnt/β-catenin signaling activator LiCl was able to reverse circITCH knockdown-inhibited apoptosis and ECM degradation, and circITCH knockdown-enhanced proliferation in NP cells. Thus, we conclude that circITCH promotes ECM degradation in IDD by activating Wnt/β-catenin through miR-17-5p/SOX4 signaling. Our finding presents novel insight into the mechanism that circITCH modulates the IDD progression. CircITCH and SOX4 may serve as potential targets for IDD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Feili Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jiang J, Sun Y, Xu G, Wang H, Wang L. The role of miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA in the development of intervertebral disk degeneration (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:555. [PMID: 33850527 PMCID: PMC8027750 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a degenerative musculoskeletal disorder with multiple causative factors, such as age, genetics, mechanics and life style. IVDD contributes to non-specific lower back pain (NLBP), which is a globally prevalent and debilitating musculoskeletal disorder. NLBP has a substantial impact on medical resources and creates an economic burden for the public. Dysregulated phenotypes of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and endplate chondrocytes, such as proliferation, senescence and apoptosis, along with aberrant expression of extracellular matrix components, including type II collagen and aggrecan, are involved in the pathological process of IVDD. Evidence indicates that non-coding RNAs, mainly microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play a vital role in the development of IVDD. In the present review, the potential molecular mechanisms of miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs in the initiation and progression of IVDD were described based on the latest literature. Furthermore, ways to influence the functions of NP cells and endplate chondrocytes in IVDD were also summarized. The presented insights suggested that non-coding RNAs may function as potential targets for the treatment of IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jiang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Yuefeng Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Gaoran Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116000, P.R. China
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Xiao L, Gong D, Liang L, Liang A, Liang H, Xu X, Teng H. Inhibition of HDAC4 by GSK3β leads to downregulation of KLF5 and ASK1 and prevents the progression of intravertebral disc degeneration. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:53. [PMID: 33691773 PMCID: PMC7948391 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a major cause of lower back pain. This study aimed at exploring the effects of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) and its upstream and downstream signaling molecules on IDD development. METHODS A murine IDD model was established by inducing a needle puncture injury to the vertebrate, whereupon we isolated and transfected of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Disc height index (DHI) of the mice was determined by X-ray tomography, while the pain experienced by the IDD mice was evaluated by mechanical and thermal sensitivity tests. Next, the interaction between GSK3β and HDAC4 as well as that between HDAC4 and KLF5 acetylation was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation, while the promoter region binding was assessed identified by chromatin immunoprecipitation. By staining methods with TUNEL, Safranin O fast green, and hematoxylin and eosin, the NP cell apoptosis, degradation of extracellular matrix, and morphology of intervertebral disc tissues were measured. Furthermore, mRNA and protein expressions of GSK3β, HDAC4, KLF5, and ASK1, as well as the extent of HDAC4 phosphorylation, were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. RESULTS GSK3β was identified to be downregulated in the intervertebral disc tissues obtained from IDD mice, while HDAC4, KLF5, and ASK1 were upregulated. HDAC4 silencing alleviated IDD symptoms. It was also found that GSK3β promoted the phosphorylation of HDAC4 to increase its degradation, while HDAC4 promoted ASK1 expression through upregulating the expression of KLF5. In IDD mice, GSK3β overexpression resulted in increased DHI, inhibition of NP cell apoptosis, alleviation of disc degeneration, and promoted mechanical and thermal pain thresholds. However, HDAC4 overexpression reversed these effects by promoting ASK1 expression. CONCLUSION Based on the key findings of the current study, we conclude that GSK3β can promote degradation of HDAC4, which lead to an overall downregulation of the downstream KLF5/ASK1 axis, thereby alleviating the development of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiao
- Department of Pain, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, No. 8, Qiuyue Road, Wuxiang New District, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongping Gong
- Department of Pain, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, No. 8, Qiuyue Road, Wuxiang New District, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Loufeng Liang
- Department of Pain, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, No. 8, Qiuyue Road, Wuxiang New District, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Anwei Liang
- Department of Pain, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, No. 8, Qiuyue Road, Wuxiang New District, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaxin Liang
- Department of Pain, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, No. 8, Qiuyue Road, Wuxiang New District, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiayi Xu
- Department of Pain, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, No. 8, Qiuyue Road, Wuxiang New District, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Teng
- Department of Pain, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital, No. 8, Qiuyue Road, Wuxiang New District, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Guo HY, Guo MK, Wan ZY, Song F, Wang HQ. Emerging evidence on noncoding-RNA regulatory machinery in intervertebral disc degeneration: a narrative review. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:270. [PMID: 33198793 PMCID: PMC7667735 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the most common cause of low-back pain. Accumulating evidence indicates that the expression profiling of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are different between intervertebral disc tissues obtained from healthy individuals and patients with IDD. However, the roles of ncRNAs in IDD are still unclear until now. In this review, we summarize the studies concerning ncRNA interactions and regulatory functions in IDD. Apoptosis, aberrant proliferation, extracellular matrix degradation, and inflammatory abnormality are tetrad fundamental pathologic phenotypes in IDD. We demonstrated that ncRNAs are playing vital roles in apoptosis, proliferation, ECM degeneration, and inflammation process of IDD. The ncRNAs participate in underlying mechanisms of IDD in different ways. MiRNAs downregulate target genes’ expression by directly binding to the 3′-untranslated region of mRNAs. CircRNAs and lncRNAs act as sponges or competing endogenous RNAs by competitively binding to miRNAs and regulating the expression of mRNAs. The lncRNAs, circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs widely crosstalk and form complex regulatory networks in the degenerative processes. The current review presents novel insights into the pathogenesis of IDD and potentially sheds light on the therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Ke Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of PLA Army Medical University Warrant Officer School, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Song
- Department of Stomatology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Qiang Wang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian Avenue, Xixian District, Shaanxi Province, 712046, People's Republic of China.
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Identification of circ-FAM169A sponges miR-583 involved in the regulation of intervertebral disc degeneration. J Orthop Translat 2020; 26:121-131. [PMID: 33437631 PMCID: PMC7773979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Low back pain (LBP) is the predominant cause of disc degeneration in patients, which brings serious social problems and economic burdens. Increasing evidence has indicated that intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is one of the most common causes triggering LBP. Accumulating evidence has shown that circRNAs are involved in the pathological process of IDD. Nevertheless, the circRNA-mediated IDD pathogenesis still remains unknown. This study explored the potential mechanism and functions of circ-FAM169A in NPCs. Methods Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify key circRNA, miRNA and mRNA and predict their potential role in IDD. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, western blot, qRT-PCR, and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) were used to demonstrate the interaction among circ-FAM169A, miR-583 and Sox9 in NPCs. Results Herein, we identified circ-FAM169A, which was dramatically up-regulated in degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues and negatively correlated with expression levels of miR-583. We constructed a circ-FAM169A-miR-583-mRNAs co-expression network and predicted circ-FAM169A-miR-583 pathway predominantly involved in extracellular matrix metabolism and cell apoptosis etc. FISH experiments confirmed circ-FAM169A and miR-583 co-existence in the cytoplasm of NPCs. Luciferase reporter assay illustrated that circ-FAM169A was directly bound to miR-583 and Sox9 was the directly target gene of miR-583. Additionally, miR-583 negatively regulated Sox9 mRNA and protein levels in NPCs. Conclusion Findings of this study indicated that circ-FAM169A-miR-583 pathway may play a significant role in the regulation of IDD, which will provide novel diagnostic biomarkers and develop effective treatment strategy of IDD diseases. The translational potential of this article This study suggested that circ-FAM169A-miR-583 pathway may regulate NPCs apoptosis and extracellular matrix synthesis and catabolism by targeting Sox9. It provides a novel therapeutic target and strategy for IVDD diseases.
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31
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Regulation of Apoptosis and Inflammatory Response in Interleukin-1β-Induced Nucleus Pulposus Cells by miR-125b-5p Via Targeting TRIAP1. Biochem Genet 2020; 59:475-490. [PMID: 33123835 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-10009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the function of microRNA (miR)-125b-5p in lumbar disc degeneration (LDD). Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were stimulated with 10 ng/ml IL-1β for 24 h to establish an LDD model. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to assess miR-125b-5p levels in human lumbar degenerative NP samples and IL-1β-treated NP cells. An interaction between miR-125b-5p and TP53-regulated inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (TRIAP1) was revealed by TargetScan 7.1 and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Protein levels of pro-inflammatory factors were determined using ELISA. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by MTT and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. miR-125b-5p was markedly upregulated in both human lumbar degenerative NP specimens and IL-1β-treated NP cells. TRIAP1, which directly targets miR-125b-5p, was markedly downregulated in human lumbar degenerative NP specimens and IL-1β-treated NP cells. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were inhibited in IL-1β-treated NP cells transfected with miR-125b-5p inhibitor. Moreover, miR-125b-5p inhibitor increased NP cell viability, prevented apoptosis and repressed the apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1/caspase 9 pathway in IL-1β-treated NP cells. Thus, the present findings suggested that miR-125b-5p could regulate LDD by adjusting NP cell apoptosis and inflammatory responses via TRIAP1.
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32
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Li Y, Zhou S, Peng P, Wang X, Du L, Huo Z, Xu B. Emerging role of circular RNA in intervertebral disc degeneration: Knowns and unknowns (Review). Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3057-3065. [PMID: 32945490 PMCID: PMC7453660 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower back pain (LBP) is one of the predominant factors contributing to dyskinesia and remains a serious social and economic burden worldwide. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the leading cause of LBP; the existing IDD treatments cannot completely prevent IDD. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non‑coding RNAs resulting from back‑splicing with unique structural characteristics and functions. Accumulating evidence suggests that circRNAs are involved in the pathological process of IDD and modulate a range of IDD‑related genes or proteins. However, the underlying circRNA‑mediated regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. The aim of the present review is to describe the current understanding of circRNA characteristics, classification, biogenesis and function in relation to its specific roles in IDD. Additionally, the limitations on the current knowledge in the field and the future direction of IDD‑related research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Li
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Suzhe Zhou
- Department of General Practice, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, Fujian 361015, P.R. China
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Xuke Wang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital, Luoyang, Henan 471002, P.R. China
| | - Lilong Du
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxin Huo
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Baoshan Xu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
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33
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Liu Y, Gu X, Liu H, Li Z, Wang Z, Zhu Z, Gao W, Wang J. New Insight of Circular RNAs in Human Musculoskeletal Diseases. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:1938-1947. [PMID: 32991198 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel group of noncoding RNAs, are present in most eukaryotic cells. Different from messenger RNAs, circRNAs have a covalently closed single-stranded stable structure and often act in cell type and tissue-specific manners, indicating that they can be used as biomarkers. With the advance of high-throughput RNA sequencing technology and bioinformatics, a large number of circRNAs have been identified in association with musculoskeletal diseases, but the functions of most circRNAs have not been clarified. circRNAs regulate biological processes by adsorbing microRNA as "sponges," binding to proteins, acting as transcriptional regulators, and participating in translation of proteins. In this study, we discuss the latest understanding of biogenesis and gene regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs with special emphasis on new targets for musculoskeletal disease diagnosis and clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhe Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics of the Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,The Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Diagnosis and Cell Treatment for Metabolic Bone Diseases of Jilin Province, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinming Gu
- Department of Oral Implantology of School and Hospital of Stomatology, and Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - He Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics of the Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,The Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Diagnosis and Cell Treatment for Metabolic Bone Diseases of Jilin Province, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaoyan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics of the Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,The Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Diagnosis and Cell Treatment for Metabolic Bone Diseases of Jilin Province, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Research Centre of the Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhonghan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics of the Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,The Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Diagnosis and Cell Treatment for Metabolic Bone Diseases of Jilin Province, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengqing Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics of the Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weinan Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics of the Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,The Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Diagnosis and Cell Treatment for Metabolic Bone Diseases of Jilin Province, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics of the Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,The Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Diagnosis and Cell Treatment for Metabolic Bone Diseases of Jilin Province, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Wang X, Chen N, Du Z, Ling Z, Zhang P, Yang J, Khaleel M, Khoury AN, Li J, Li S, Huang H, Zhou X, Han Y, Wei F. Bioinformatics analysis integrating metabolomics of m 6A RNA microarray in intervertebral disc degeneration. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1419-1441. [PMID: 32627576 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To explore the potential functions and mechanism of N6.methyladenosine (m6A) abnormality of RNAs in nucleus pulposus from the intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Materials & methods: We performed rat model, m6A epitranscriptomic microarray, bioinformatics analysis and metabolomics. Results: In IDD, most of the differentially methylated RNAs showed a significant demethylation situation. The competing endogenous RNA network LOC102555094/miR-431/GSK-3β combining downstream Wnt pathway were identified in bioinformatics analysis. For metabolomics, activation of Wnt pathway led to reprogramming of glucose metabolism and enzyme activation of PKM2. Finally, quantitative real-time PCR and methylated RNA immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative real-time PCR revealed the positive correlation between demethylation of LOC102555094 and expression of both FTO and ZFP217. Conclusion: LOC102555094 might be demethylated by ZFP217, activating FTO and LOC102555094/miR-431/GSK-3β/Wnt played a crucial role in IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628, Zhenyuan Rd, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Ningning Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628, Zhenyuan Rd, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Zefeng Du
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan Medical College of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Zemin Ling
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Penghui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628, Zhenyuan Rd, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jiaming Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628, Zhenyuan Rd, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Mohammed Khaleel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Anthony N Khoury
- Hip Preservation Center, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jianwen Li
- Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Songbo Li
- Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Haoyang Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan Medical College of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Xinwei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan Medical College of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Yueyin Han
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhongshan Medical College of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan Er Rd, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Fuxin Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 628, Zhenyuan Rd, Shenzhen, 518107, China
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Li M, Li R, Yang S, Yang D, Gao X, Sun J, Ding W, Ma L. Exosomes Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent Acidic pH-Induced Damage in Human Nucleus Pulposus Cells. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922928. [PMID: 32436493 PMCID: PMC7257871 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The exosomes (Exo) derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of attenuating the apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) elicited by proinflammatory cytokines. However, it remains unknown whether MSC-derived Exo also exert a protective effect on NPCs in the pathological acid environment. Material/Methods NPCs were divided into 3 groups: Group A, pH 7.1–7.3; Group B, pH 6.5–6.7 and Group C, pH 5.9–6.1. The NPCs were cultured in the above-defined acidic medium, and 3 different amounts of Exo were added into the media. Finally, the expression of the caspase-3, aggrecan, collagen II, and MMP-13 was analyzed and compared among the different groups. Results Compared with cells cultured at pH 7.1–7.3 (Group A), proliferation activity of NPCs cultured at pH 5.9–6.7 (Group B and C) decreased significantly. Collagen II and aggrecan expression was also obviously reduced with the decrease of cell proliferation. Conversely, the expression of caspase-3 and MMP-13 significantly increased. Further experiments showed that proliferation activity was significantly attenuated in NPCs cultured at pH 5.9–6.1 without Exo treatment (Group E) compared with those cultured at pH 7.1–7.3 without Exo treatment (Group D). Conclusions In the pathological acid environment, MSC-derived Exo promotes the expression of chondrocyte extracellular matrix, collagen II, and aggrecan, and reduces matrix degradation by downregulating matrix-degrading enzymes, protecting NPCs from acidic pH-induced apoptosis. This study reveals a promising strategy for treatment of IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Sidong Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Dalong Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Xianda Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Jiayuan Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Wenyuan Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
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The circular RNA FAM169A functions as a competitive endogenous RNA and regulates intervertebral disc degeneration by targeting miR-583 and BTRC. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:315. [PMID: 32366862 PMCID: PMC7198574 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is an important factor leading to low back pain, although the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study we examined the role of circular RNA FAM169A (circ-FAM169A) in degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues, and validated its function in cultured human NP cells. Overexpression of circ-FAM169A in NP cells markedly enhanced extracellular matrix (ECM) catabolism and suppressed ECM anabolism in NP cells. Furthermore, circ-FAM169A sequestered miR-583, which could potentially upregulate BTRC, an inducer of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, the present study revealed that circ-FAM169A promotes IDD development via miR-583/BTRC signaling. These findings provide a potential therapeutic option for the treatment of IDD.
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Chen X, Gu M, Zhang X. Circular RNAs in compression-induced intervertebral disk degeneration. EBioMedicine 2020; 54:102720. [PMID: 32272439 PMCID: PMC7138960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ximiao Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin, Guangxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mingbao Gu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Chinese Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Society, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Zheng H, Wang T, Li X, He W, Gong Z, Lou Z, Wang B, Li X. LncRNA MALAT1 exhibits positive effects on nucleus pulposus cell biology in vivo and in vitro by sponging miR-503. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:23. [PMID: 32228440 PMCID: PMC7106590 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is characterized by the loss of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) and phenotypic abnormalities. Accumulating evidence suggests that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of IDD. In this study, we aimed to investigate the functional effects of lncRNA MALAT1 on NPCs in IDD and the possible mechanism governing these effects. Results We validated the decreased expression of MALAT1 in the IDD tissues, which was associated with decreased Collagen II and Aggrecan expression. In vitro, overexpressed MALAT1 could attenuate the effect of IL-1β on NPC proliferation, apoptosis, and Aggrecan degradation. In vivo, MALAT1 overexpression attenuated the severity of disc degeneration in IDD model rats. Our molecular study further demonstrated that MALAT1 could sponge miR-503, modulate the expression of miR-503, and activate downstream MAPK signaling pathways. The effects of MALAT1 on NPCs were partially reversed/aggregated by miR-503 mimics/inhibitor treatment. Conclusion Our data suggested that the MALAT1-miR-503-MAPK pathway plays a critical role in NPCs, which may be a potential strategy for alleviating IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zheng
- Department of Emergency Medical, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Yan' An Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- Department of Panicaceae, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Orthopedics, Qianjiang Central Hospital, Qianjiang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhenkai Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xingguo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Shi K, Huang Y, Huang L, Wang J, Wang Y, Feng G, Liu L, Song Y. [Research progress of hydrogel used for regeneration of nucleus pulposus in intervertebral disc degeneration]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2020; 34:275-284. [PMID: 32174070 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201907092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective To summarize the research progress of hydrogels for the regeneration and repair of degenerative intervertebral disc and to investigate the potential of hydrogels in clinical application. Methods The related literature about the role of hydrogels in intervertebral disc degeneration especially for nucleus pulposus was reviewed and analyzed. Results Hydrogels share similar properties with nucleus pulposus, and it plays an important role in the regeneration and repair of degenerative intervertebral disc, which can be mainly applied in nucleus pulposus prosthesis, hydrogel-based cell therapy, non-cellular therapy, and tissue engineering repair. Conclusion Hydrogels are widely used in the regeneration and repair of intervertebral disc, which provides a potential treatment for intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Shi
- Departmen of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Yong Huang
- Departmen of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Leizhen Huang
- Departmen of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Departmen of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- Departmen of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Ganjun Feng
- Departmen of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Limin Liu
- Departmen of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Yueming Song
- Departmen of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
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Xiang Q, Kang L, Wang J, Liao Z, Song Y, Zhao K, Wang K, Yang C, Zhang Y. CircRNA-CIDN mitigated compression loading-induced damage in human nucleus pulposus cells via miR-34a-5p/SIRT1 axis. EBioMedicine 2020; 53:102679. [PMID: 32114390 PMCID: PMC7044714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a major contributor to lower back pain, however, the molecular and pathogenetic mechanisms underlying IDD are poorly understood. As a high-risk factor for IDD, compression stress was reported to induce apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation during IDD progression. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a class of endogenous non-coding RNA (ncRNA) and has been reported to function in several diseases. However, whether and how circRNA regulates compression-induced damage of NP cells remains vague. Here, we aimed to investigate the key role of circRNA in compression loading-induced IDD. Methods We analysed the circRNA expression of three samples from compression-treated NP cells and three control samples using circRNA microarray assays and further investigated the circRNA involved in compression-induced damage of NP cells (circRNA-CIDN). We investigated the effects of circRNA-CIDN on compression-induced cell apoptosis and NP ECM degradation in vitro and ex vivo. We observed that circRNA-CIDN bound to miRNAs as a miRNA sponge based on luciferase and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. Findings: CircRNA-CIDN was significantly downregulated in compression-treated human NP cells, as validated by circRNA microarray and qRT-PCR analysis, and overexpressing circRNA-CIDN inhibited compression-induced apoptosis and NP ECM degradation. Further studies demonstrated that circRNA-CIDN served as a sponge for miR-34a-5p, an important miRNA that enhanced compression-induced damage of NP cells via repressing the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1). CircRNA-CIDN was also verified to contain IDD development in an ex vivo IDD model. Interpretation Our results revealed that circRNA-CIDN binding to miR-34a-5p played an important role in mitigating compression loading-induced nucleus pulposus cell damage via targeting SIRT1, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for IDD treatment. Funding National Natural Science Foundation of China (81772391, 81974348), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2017KFYXJJ248).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Liang Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Juntan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhiwei Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kangcheng Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Cao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Yukun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Saiyin W, Li L, Zhang H, Lu Y, Qin C. Inactivation of FAM20B causes cell fate changes in annulus fibrosus of mouse intervertebral disc and disc defects via the alterations of TGF-β and MAPK signaling pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:165555. [PMID: 31513834 PMCID: PMC7194007 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) disorder is often caused by the defect of annulus fibrosus (AF), especially that of the outer AF. Studies about the mechanisms governing the development of the outer AF are needed for a better understanding of pathogenesis of IVD defects. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are essential components of extracellular matrix (ECM) in AF. FAM20B is a newly identified xylose kinase that catalyzes the biosynthesis of GAGs. In this study, we created Fam20B conditional knockout (cKO) mice in which FAM20B was inactivated in type I collagen-expressing cells, the main type of cells in the outer AF of IVD. The cKO mice showed severe spine deformity and remarkable IVD defects associated with AF malformation. The AF of cKO mice had a lower level of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, and the outer AF cells lost their normal fibroblast-like morphology and acquired chondrocyte phenotypes, expressing a higher level of Sox 9 and type II collagen along with a reduced level of type I collagen. The level of phospho-Smad 2 and phospho-Smad 3, and that of scleraxis, a downstream target molecule of canonical TGF-β signaling pathway were significantly lower in the AF of cKO mice. The AF in cKO mice also manifested altered levels in the molecules associated with the activations of MAPK pathway; the changes included the increase of phospho-P38 and phospho-ERK and a decrease of phospho-JNK. These results indicate that FAM20B plays an essential role in the development of AF by regulating the TGF-β signaling and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuliji Saiyin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Yongbo Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
| | - Chunlin Qin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
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Melatonin modulates IL-1β-induced extracellular matrix remodeling in human nucleus pulposus cells and attenuates rat intervertebral disc degeneration and inflammation. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:10499-10512. [PMID: 31772145 PMCID: PMC6914432 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory-associated factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are widely reported to be associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD). N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine (melatonin) is a natural hormone secreted by the pineal gland which has been shown to participate in several physiological and pathological progresses, such as aging, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis and autophagy regulation. However, the effects of melatonin on IVD remain unclear. In the present study, we treated human nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) with melatonin and discovered that melatonin could modulate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling induced by IL-1β by enhancing collagen II and aggrecan expression levels and by downregulating matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) levels. These findings were verified by western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Intraperitoneal injection of melatonin mitigated IVDD in the rat tail puncture model. X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Safranine O-Green, Alcian blue and Celium red staining methods were adopted to evaluate IVDD grades, the structural integrity of nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) and the damage and calcification of the cartilage endplate. Melatonin reduced inflammatory cell aggregation and the release of the inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α as determined by immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that melatonin could modulate ECM remodeling by IL-1β in vitro and attenuate the IVDD and induction of inflammation in a rat tail puncture model in vivo. The data demonstrated that melatonin may contribute to the restoration processs of IVD following damage and may be used as a potential novel therapy for IVDD.
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Li Z, Chen X, Xu D, Li S, Chan MTV, Wu WKK. Circular RNAs in nucleus pulposus cell function and intervertebral disc degeneration. Cell Prolif 2019; 52:e12704. [PMID: 31621141 PMCID: PMC6869348 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a common cause of low back pain, which inflicts more global disability than any other condition. Although IDD was deemed to be a natural process that comes with ageing, a growing body of evidence suggested that both genetic and environmental factors could modify the development of IDD. In this connection, aberrant function of nucleus pulposus cells has been implicated in IDD pathogenesis. Circular RNAs are a novel class of endogenous non-coding RNAs that play crucial regulatory roles in diverse cellular processes. Recently, deregulation of circRNAs in nucleus pulposus cells was found to functionally participate in IDD development. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the deregulation of circRNAs in IDD in relation to their actions on nucleus pulposus cell functions, including cell proliferation, apoptosis and extracellular matrix synthesis/degradation. The potential clinical utilities of circRNAs as therapeutic targets for the management of IDD are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Derong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shugang Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - William K K Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Centre for Gut Microbiota Research, Institute of Digestive Diseases and LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Sun JC, Zheng B, Sun RX, Meng YK, Wang SM, Yang HS, Chen Y, Shi JG, Guo YF. MiR-499a-5p suppresses apoptosis of human nucleus pulposus cells and degradation of their extracellular matrix by targeting SOX4. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 113:108652. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Yang Y, Wang X, Liu Z, Xiao X, Hu W, Sun Z. Osteogenic protein-1 attenuates nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis through activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in a hyperosmotic culture. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20181708. [PMID: 30459239 PMCID: PMC6294645 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have indicated that osteogenic protein-1 has protective effects on the biological functions of intervertebral disc cells. Hyperosmolarity is an important physicochemical factor within the disc nucleus pulposus (NP) region, which obviously promotes NP cell apoptosis. OBJECTIVE To study the effects of osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) on NP cell apoptosis induced by hyperosmolarity and the potential signaling transduction pathway. METHODS Rat NP cells were cultured in a hyperosmotic medium with or without OP-1 addition for 7 days. Inhibitor 294002 and inhibitor FK-506 were used to investigate the role of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in this process. NP cell apoptosis were evaluated by cell apoptosis ratio, activity of caspase-3/9 and gene/protein expression of apoptosis-related molecules (Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3/cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP). RESULTS OP-1 addition obviously decreased cell apoptosis ratio and caspase-3/9 activity, down-regulated gene/protein expression of pro-apoptosis molecules (Bax, caspase-3/cleaved casepase-3 and cleaved PARP), up-regulated gene/protein expression of anti-apoptosis molecule (Bcl-2) in a hyperosmotic culture. Moreover, OP-1 addition significantly increased protein expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR. Further analysis showed that addition of LY294002 and FK-506 partly attenuated these protective effects of OP-1 against NP cell apoptosis and activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in a hyperosmotic culture. CONCLUSION OP-1 can attenuate NP cell apoptosis through activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in a hyperosmotic culture. The present study sheds a new light on the protective role of OP-1 in regulating disc cell biology and provides some theoretical basis for the application of OP-1 in retarding/regenerating disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-Materials, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-Materials, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-Materials, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-Materials, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkai Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-Materials, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Artificial Osteo-Materials, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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