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López-Gil L, Pascual-Ahuir A, Proft M. Genomic Instability and Epigenetic Changes during Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14279. [PMID: 37762580 PMCID: PMC10531692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is considered the deterioration of physiological functions along with an increased mortality rate. This scientific review focuses on the central importance of genomic instability during the aging process, encompassing a range of cellular and molecular changes that occur with advancing age. In particular, this revision addresses the genetic and epigenetic alterations that contribute to genomic instability, such as telomere shortening, DNA damage accumulation, and decreased DNA repair capacity. Furthermore, the review explores the epigenetic changes that occur with aging, including modifications to histones, DNA methylation patterns, and the role of non-coding RNAs. Finally, the review discusses the organization of chromatin and its contribution to genomic instability, including heterochromatin loss, chromatin remodeling, and changes in nucleosome and histone abundance. In conclusion, this review highlights the fundamental role that genomic instability plays in the aging process and underscores the need for continued research into these complex biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía López-Gil
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology and Therapy, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia IBV-CSIC, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC, Jaime Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Pascual-Ahuir
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Markus Proft
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology and Therapy, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia IBV-CSIC, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas CSIC, Jaime Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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2
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Mincarelli L, Uzun V, Wright D, Scoones A, Rushworth SA, Haerty W, Macaulay IC. Single-cell gene and isoform expression analysis reveals signatures of ageing in haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Commun Biol 2023; 6:558. [PMID: 37225862 PMCID: PMC10209181 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04936-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell approaches have revealed that the haematopoietic hierarchy is a continuum of differentiation, from stem cell to committed progenitor, marked by changes in gene expression. However, many of these approaches neglect isoform-level information and thus do not capture the extent of alternative splicing within the system. Here, we present an integrated short- and long-read single-cell RNA-seq analysis of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. We demonstrate that over half of genes detected in standard short-read single-cell analyses are expressed as multiple, often functionally distinct, isoforms, including many transcription factors and key cytokine receptors. We observe global and HSC-specific changes in gene expression with ageing but limited impact of ageing on isoform usage. Integrating single-cell and cell-type-specific isoform landscape in haematopoiesis thus provides a new reference for comprehensive molecular profiling of heterogeneous tissues, as well as novel insights into transcriptional complexity, cell-type-specific splicing events and consequences of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mincarelli
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Vladimir Uzun
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
| | - David Wright
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Scoones
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart A Rushworth
- Norwich Medical School, The University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Wilfried Haerty
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Iain C Macaulay
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom.
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3
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Aging Hallmarks and the Role of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030651. [PMID: 36978899 PMCID: PMC10044767 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process accompanied by a progressive decline in the physical function of the organism and an increased risk of age-related chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Studies have established that there exist nine hallmarks of the aging process, including (i) telomere shortening, (ii) genomic instability, (iii) epigenetic modifications, (iv) mitochondrial dysfunction, (v) loss of proteostasis, (vi) dysregulated nutrient sensing, (vii) stem cell exhaustion, (viii) cellular senescence, and (ix) altered cellular communication. All these alterations have been linked to sustained systemic inflammation, and these mechanisms contribute to the aging process in timing not clearly determined yet. Nevertheless, mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the most important mechanisms contributing to the aging process. Mitochondria is the primary endogenous source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). During the aging process, there is a decline in ATP production and elevated ROS production together with a decline in the antioxidant defense. Elevated ROS levels can cause oxidative stress and severe damage to the cell, organelle membranes, DNA, lipids, and proteins. This damage contributes to the aging phenotype. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the mechanisms of aging with an emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS production.
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Tyczewska A, Rzepczak A, Sobańska D, Grzywacz K. The emerging roles of tRNAs and tRNA-derived fragments during aging: Lessons from studies on model organisms. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101863. [PMID: 36707034 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a gradual decline of various functions of organisms resulting in diminished abilities to protect against the environmental damage and reinforce the physiological harmony. Age-related functional declines have been thought to be passive and not regulated. However, studies on numerous model organisms, from yeast to mammals, exposed that the mechanisms of lifespan regulation are remarkably conserved throughout the evolution. Following the pioneering genetic studies in C. elegans, it has been shown that the genes related to the longevity are conserved in yeast, flies and mice. For a long time, tRNAs have been only considered as molecules transporting amino acids to the ribosome during translation. Nonetheless, it has become apparent from many biological studies that tRNAs are entangled in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. This review focuses on the emerging roles of tRNA-associated processes in aging and lifespan of model organisms. More specificaly, we present a summary on the importance of tRNA metabolism, epitranscriptome and possible roles of tRNA-derived fragments in aging and lifespan regulation. Better understanding of the basic mechanisms of aging could lead to the development of new diagnostics and treatments for aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Tyczewska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Alicja Rzepczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Daria Sobańska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Kamilla Grzywacz
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland.
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Mishra S, Raval M, Kachhawaha AS, Tiwari BS, Tiwari AK. Aging: Epigenetic modifications. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 197:171-209. [PMID: 37019592 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Aging is one of the most complex and irreversible health conditions characterized by continuous decline in physical/mental activities that eventually poses an increased risk of several diseases and ultimately death. These conditions cannot be ignored by anyone but there are evidences that suggest that exercise, healthy diet and good routines may delay the Aging process significantly. Several studies have demonstrated that Epigenetics plays a key role in Aging and Aging-associated diseases through methylation of DNA, histone modification and non-coding RNA (ncRNA). Comprehension and relevant alterations in these epigenetic modifications can lead to new therapeutic avenues of age-delaying contrivances. These processes affect gene transcription, DNA replication and DNA repair, comprehending epigenetics as a key factor in understanding Aging and developing new avenues for delaying Aging, clinical advancements in ameliorating aging-related diseases and rejuvenating health. In the present article, we have described and advocated the epigenetic role in Aging and associated diseases.
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Varghese LN, Schwenke DO, Katare R. Role of noncoding RNAs in cardiac ageing. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1142575. [PMID: 37034355 PMCID: PMC10073704 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1142575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The global population is estimated to reach 9.8 billion by 2050, of which 2.1 billion will comprise individuals above 60 years of age. As the number of elderly is estimated to double from 2017, it is a victory of the modern healthcare system but also worrisome as ageing, and the onset of chronic disease are correlated. Among other chronic conditions, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the aged population. While the underlying cause of the age-associated development of CVDs is not fully understood, studies indicate the role of non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lnc-RNAs) in the development of age-associated CVDs. miRNAs and lnc-RNAs are non-coding RNAs which control gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The expression of specific miRNAs and lnc-RNAs are reportedly dysregulated with age, leading to cardiovascular system changes and ultimately causing CVDs. Since miRNAs and lnc-RNAs play several vital roles in maintaining the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system, they are also being explored for their therapeutic potential as a treatment for CVDs. This review will first explore the pathophysiological changes associated with ageing. Next, we will review the known mechanisms underlying the development of CVD in ageing with a specific focus on miRNA and lnc-RNAs. Finally, we will discuss the therapeutic options and future challenges towards healthy cardiac ageing. With the global ageing population on the rise, this review will provide a fundamental understanding of some of the underlying molecular mechanisms of cardiac ageing.
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Naringenin Prevents Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in LPS-Induced Liver Injury through the Regulation of LncRNA-mRNA in Male Mice. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010198. [PMID: 36615393 PMCID: PMC9821796 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation accompanies hepatic dysfunction resulting from tissue oxidative damage. Naringenin (Nar), a natural flavanone, has known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, but its mechanism of action in the regulation of liver dysfunction requires further investigation. In this study, the role of naringenin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation was explored, as well as its mechanism by transcriptome sequencing. The results indicated that compared with the LPS group, Nar treatment caused a significant increase in the mRNA levels of antioxidant factors glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), yet the expression of related inflammatory factors (MCP1, TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6) showed less of an increase. RNA sequencing identified 36 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 603 differentially expressed mRNAs. KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that oxidative stress and inflammation pathways are meticulously linked with naringenin treatment. The Co-lncRNA-mRNA network was also constructed. Tissue expression profiles showed that lncRNA played a higher role in the liver. Subsequently, expression levels of inflammatory factors indicated that lncRNAs and target mRNAs were significantly reduced after naringenin treatment in mouse liver AML12 cells and obese mouse. These results suggest that naringenin helps to prevent liver dysfunction through the regulation of lncRNA-mRNA axis to reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory factors.
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Cellular senescence in ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:420. [PMID: 36253355 PMCID: PMC9576687 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury, a main reason of mortality and morbidity worldwide, occurs in many organs and tissues. As a result of IR injury, senescent cells can accumulate in multiple organs. Increasing evidence shows that cellular senescence is the underlying mechanism that transforms an acute organ injury into a chronic one. Several recent studies suggest senescent cells can be targeted for the prevention or elimination of acute and chronic organ injury induced by IR. In this review, we concisely introduce the underlying mechanism and the pivotal role of premature senescence in the transition from acute to chronic IR injuries. Special focus is laid on recent advances in the mechanisms as well as on the basic and clinical research, targeting cellular senescence in multi-organ IR injuries. Besides, the potential directions in this field are discussed in the end. Together, the recent advances reviewed here will act as a comprehensive overview of the roles of cellular senescence in IR injury, which could be of great significance for the design of related studies, or as a guide for potential therapeutic target.
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Dela Justina V, Miguez JSG, Priviero F, Sullivan JC, Giachini FR, Webb RC. Sex Differences in Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Aging. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:725884. [PMID: 35822017 PMCID: PMC9261391 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.725884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of illness and death in the Western world. Cardiovascular aging is a progressive modification occurring in cardiac and vascular morphology and physiology where increased endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are observed, generally accompanied by increased systolic blood pressure and augmented pulse pressure. The effects of biological sex on cardiovascular pathophysiology have long been known. The incidence of hypertension is higher in men, and it increases in postmenopausal women. Premenopausal women are protected from CVD compared with age-matched men and this protective effect is lost with menopause, suggesting that sex-hormones influence blood pressure regulation. In parallel, the heart progressively remodels over the course of life and the pattern of cardiac remodeling also differs between the sexes. Lower autonomic tone, reduced baroreceptor response, and greater vascular function are observed in premenopausal women than men of similar age. However, postmenopausal women have stiffer arteries than their male counterparts. The biological mechanisms responsible for sex-related differences observed in cardiovascular aging are being unraveled over the last several decades. This review focuses on molecular mechanisms underlying the sex-differences of CVD in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Dela Justina
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Priviero
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Jennifer C Sullivan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Fernanda R Giachini
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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Wu L, Xie X, Liang T, Ma J, Yang L, Yang J, Li L, Xi Y, Li H, Zhang J, Chen X, Ding Y, Wu Q. Integrated Multi-Omics for Novel Aging Biomarkers and Antiaging Targets. Biomolecules 2021; 12:39. [PMID: 35053186 PMCID: PMC8773837 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is closely related to the occurrence of human diseases; however, its exact biological mechanism is unclear. Advancements in high-throughput technology provide new opportunities for omics research to understand the pathological process of various complex human diseases. However, single-omics technologies only provide limited insights into the biological mechanisms of diseases. DNA, RNA, protein, metabolites, and microorganisms usually play complementary roles and perform certain biological functions together. In this review, we summarize multi-omics methods based on the most relevant biomarkers in single-omics to better understand molecular functions and disease causes. The integration of multi-omics technologies can systematically reveal the interactions among aging molecules from a multidimensional perspective. Our review provides new insights regarding the discovery of aging biomarkers, mechanism of aging, and identification of novel antiaging targets. Overall, data from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, integromics, microbiomics, and systems biology contribute to the identification of new candidate biomarkers for aging and novel targets for antiaging interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (L.W.); (X.X.); (T.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (J.M.); (X.C.)
| | - Xinqiang Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (L.W.); (X.X.); (T.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Tingting Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (L.W.); (X.X.); (T.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (J.M.); (X.C.)
| | - Jun Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (J.M.); (X.C.)
| | - Lingshuang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (L.W.); (X.X.); (T.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Juan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (L.W.); (X.X.); (T.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (J.M.); (X.C.)
| | - Longyan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (L.W.); (X.X.); (T.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yu Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (L.W.); (X.X.); (T.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Haixin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (L.W.); (X.X.); (T.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (L.W.); (X.X.); (T.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (J.M.); (X.C.)
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (L.W.); (X.X.); (T.L.); (L.Y.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Y.X.); (H.L.); (J.Z.)
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LncRNA HOTAIR regulates the lipid accumulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via miR-130b-3p/ROCK1 axis. Cell Signal 2021; 90:110190. [PMID: 34774989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive hepatic lipid accumulation can lead to the occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Previous study showed that upregulation of lncRNA HOTAIR significantly increased total cholesterol and triglyceride. However, the function of HOTAIR in lipid accumulation during the progression NAFLD remains unclear. METHODS High fat diet was used to mimic NAFLD in vivo, and free fatty acid was used to establish in vitro model of NAFLD. Oil red O staining was applied to test the lipid accumulation. The pathological changes in mice were observed by H&E staining. Western blot and qRT-PCR were applied to assess protein and mRNA levels, respectively. RIP assay was used to explore the relationship among HOTAIR, miR-130b-3p and ROCK1. RESULTS The level of HOTAIR was upregulated in NAFLD. Downregulation of HOTAIR reversed lipid accumulation in FFA-treated HepG2 cells and primary hepatocytes. Meanwhile, HOTAIR bound with miR-130b-3p, and ROCK1 was identified to be the direct target of miR-130b-3p. Moreover, miR-130b-3p mimics-caused lipid accumulation decrease was reversed by pcDNA3.1-ROCK1. Furthermore, the effect of miR-130b-3p mimics on p-AMPK2α and ROCK1 level was partially reversed by ROCK1 overexpression. CONCLUSION Knockdown of HOTAIR significantly inhibited the progression of NAFLD through mediation of miR-130b-3p/ROCK1 axis. Our study might shed new lights on exploring new methods against NAFLD.
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Kaucsár T, Róka B, Tod P, Do PT, Hegedűs Z, Szénási G, Hamar P. Divergent regulation of lncRNA expression by ischemia in adult and aging mice. GeroScience 2021; 44:429-445. [PMID: 34697716 PMCID: PMC8811094 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00460-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Elderly patients have increased susceptibility to acute kidney injury (AKI). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are key regulators of cellular processes, and have been implicated in both aging and AKI. Our aim was to study the effects of aging and ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) on the renal expression of lncRNAs. Adult and old (10- and 26-30-month-old) C57BL/6 N mice were subjected to unilateral IRI followed by 7 days of reperfusion. Renal expression of 90 lncRNAs and mRNA expression of injury, regeneration, and fibrosis markers was measured by qPCR in the injured and contralateral control kidneys. Tubular injury, regeneration, and fibrosis were assessed by histology. Urinary lipocalin-2 excretion was increased in old mice prior to IRI, but plasma urea was similar. In the control kidneys of old mice tubular cell necrosis and apoptosis, mRNA expression of kidney injury molecule-1, fibronectin-1, p16, and p21 was elevated. IRI increased plasma urea concentration only in old mice, but injury, regeneration, and fibrosis scores and their mRNA markers were similar in both age groups. AK082072 and Y lncRNAs were upregulated, while H19 and RepA transcript were downregulated in the control kidneys of old mice. IRI upregulated Miat, Igf2as, SNHG5, SNHG6, RNCR3, Malat1, Air, Linc1633, and Neat1 v1, while downregulated Linc1242. LncRNAs H19, AK082072, RepA transcript, and Six3os were influenced by both aging and IRI. Our results indicate that both aging and IRI alter renal lncRNA expression suggesting that lncRNAs have a versatile and complex role in aging and kidney injury. An Ingenuity Pathway Analysis highlighted that the most downregulated H19 may be linked to aging/senescence through p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Kaucsár
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Róka
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Tod
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Phuong Thanh Do
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Hegedűs
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szénási
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hamar
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
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Kocabas Ş, Sanlier N. A comprehensive overview of the complex relationship between epigenetics, bioactive components, cancer, and aging. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-13. [PMID: 34623201 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1986803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Among age-related diseases, the incidence of cancer increases significantly due to the overlap of some molecular pathways between cancer and aging. While the genetic influence on the human lifespan is estimated to be about 20-25%, epigenetic changes play an important role in modulating individual health status, aging. Aging and age-related conditions are processes that can be modified by both genetic, environmental factors, including dietary habits. Epigenetics is a new discipline has significant potential to be applied for the prevention, management of certain carcinomas and diseases. Epigenetic modifications may play an important role in disease occurrence and pathogenesis. Some nutritional components can be significantly effective in the prevention of breast, skin, esophagus, colorectal, prostate, pancreatic, lung cancers. It contains minerals, vitamins, and some bioactive components (curcumin, indole 3 carbinol, di-indolylmethane, sulforaphane, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, genistein, resveratrol, pterostilbene, apigenin, etc.) regulatory processes. However, compelling evidence suggests that dietary habits can manipulate the aging process and/or its consequences, have health benefits. Aging processes become complex when combined with the relational role of bioactive nutritional components on gene expression. In this review, the relationship between epigenetic processes caused by DNA methylylation, histone modification, non-coding m-RNA, and telomerase activity, the risk of aging and cancer is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şule Kocabas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Sanlier
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
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Keihani S, Kluever V, Fornasiero EF. Brain Long Noncoding RNAs: Multitask Regulators of Neuronal Differentiation and Function. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133951. [PMID: 34203457 PMCID: PMC8272081 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extraordinary cellular diversity and the complex connections established within different cells types render the nervous system of vertebrates one of the most sophisticated tissues found in living organisms. Such complexity is ensured by numerous regulatory mechanisms that provide tight spatiotemporal control, robustness and reliability. While the unusual abundance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in nervous tissues was traditionally puzzling, it is becoming clear that these molecules have genuine regulatory functions in the brain and they are essential for neuronal physiology. The canonical view of RNA as predominantly a 'coding molecule' has been largely surpassed, together with the conception that lncRNAs only represent 'waste material' produced by cells as a side effect of pervasive transcription. Here we review a growing body of evidence showing that lncRNAs play key roles in several regulatory mechanisms of neurons and other brain cells. In particular, neuronal lncRNAs are crucial for orchestrating neurogenesis, for tuning neuronal differentiation and for the exact calibration of neuronal excitability. Moreover, their diversity and the association to neurodegenerative diseases render them particularly interesting as putative biomarkers for brain disease. Overall, we foresee that in the future a more systematic scrutiny of lncRNA functions will be instrumental for an exhaustive understanding of neuronal pathophysiology.
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Wu Y, Wang J, Zhao T, Wei Y, Han L, Shen L, Long C, Wu S, Wei G. LncRNAs activate longevity regulation pathway due to aging of Leydig cells caused by DEHP exposure: A transcriptome-based study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111798. [PMID: 33360214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), one of the most commonly used endocrine-disrupting chemicals, has been shown to cause reproductive dysfunction in humans and animal models. However, very few studies have investigated the impact of DEHP at the post-transcriptional level in mouse testes, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present research, TM3 Leydig cells were treated with 200 µM phthalic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (MEHP, bio-metabolite of DEHP), and then the mRNA and lncRNA sequencing of TM3 Leydig cells was performed. Mice were exposed prepubertally to 0 or 500 mg DEHP/kg/day. RNA sequencing of mouse testes was performed to verify the RNA-seq results in vitro. The expression patterns of relevant genes and proteins were verified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. DEHP and MEHP exposure led to testicular damage and accelerated cell aging via ROS accumulation. RNA sequencing analyses indicated that FOXO signaling and longevity regulation pathways were activated in resistance to ROS accumulation. FOXO signaling and longevity regulation pathway-related genes and proteins were also activated. By constructing a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, we observed that the ceRNA network might play a role in regulating FOXO signaling and longevity regulation pathways in response to excessive ROS accumulation and cell aging. In summary, our data here suggests that the ceRNA network may play a role in regulating FOXO signaling and longevity pathways in response to DEHP exposure in mouse testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Junke Wang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianxin Zhao
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuexin Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Lindong Han
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Lianju Shen
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunlan Long
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengde Wu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
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Nutrition in Cancer Therapy in the Elderly-An Epigenetic Connection? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113366. [PMID: 33139626 PMCID: PMC7692262 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The continuous increase in life expectancy results in a steady increase of cancer risk, which consequently increases the population of older adults with cancer. Older adults have their age-related nutritional needs and often suffer from comorbidities that may affect cancer therapy. They frequently are malnourished and present advanced-stage cancer. Therefore, this group of patients requires a special multidisciplinary approach to optimize their therapy and increase quality of life impaired by aging, cancer, and the side effects of therapy. Evaluation strategies, taking advantage of comprehensive geriatric assessment tools, including the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), can help individualize treatment. As epigenetics, an emerging element of the regulation of gene expression, is involved in both aging and cancer and the epigenetic profile can be modulated by the diet, it seems to be a candidate to assist with planning a nutritional intervention in elderly populations with cancer. In this review, we present problems associated with the diet and nutrition in the elderly undergoing active cancer therapy and provide some information on epigenetic aspects of aging and cancer transformation. Nutritional interventions modulating the epigenetic profile, including caloric restriction and basal diet with modifications (elimination diet, supplementary diet) are discussed as the ways to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy and maintain the quality of life of older adults with cancer.
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Ren J, Zhang Y. Genetics and Epigenetics in Aging and Longevity: Myths and Truths. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1715-1717. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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