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Cortes-Figueiredo F, Asseyer S, Chien C, Zimmermann HG, Ruprecht K, Schmitz-Hübsch T, Bellmann-Strobl J, Paul F, Morais VA. CD4 + T cell mitochondrial genotype in Multiple Sclerosis: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7507. [PMID: 38553515 PMCID: PMC10980703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57592-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), with a largely unknown etiology, where mitochondrial dysfunction likely contributes to neuroaxonal loss and brain atrophy. Mirroring the CNS, peripheral immune cells from patients with MS, particularly CD4+ T cells, show inappropriate mitochondrial phenotypes and/or oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) insufficiency, with a still unknown contribution of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We hypothesized that mitochondrial genotype in CD4+ T cells might influence MS disease activity and progression. Thus, we performed a retrospective cross-sectional and longitudinal study on patients with a recent diagnosis of either Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS) or Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS) at two timepoints: 6 months (VIS1) and 36 months (VIS2) after disease onset. Our primary outcomes were the differences in mtDNA extracted from CD4+ T cells between: (I) patients with CIS/RRMS (PwMS) at VIS1 and age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC), in the cross-sectional analysis, and (II) different diagnostic evolutions in PwMS from VIS1 to VIS2, in the longitudinal analysis. We successfully performed mtDNA whole genome sequencing (mean coverage: 2055.77 reads/base pair) in 183 samples (61 triplets). Nonetheless, mitochondrial genotype was not associated with a diagnosis of CIS/RRMS, nor with longitudinal diagnostic evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Cortes-Figueiredo
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanna Asseyer
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Chien
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanna G Zimmermann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center Digital Future, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klemens Ruprecht
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanja Schmitz-Hübsch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Bellmann-Strobl
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation Between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Vanessa A Morais
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Kawano H, Kawano Y, Yu C, LaMere MW, McArthur MJ, Becker MW, Ballinger SW, Gojo S, Eliseev RA, Calvi LM. Mitochondrial Transfer to Host Cells from Ex Vivo Expanded Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1473. [PMID: 37296594 PMCID: PMC10252267 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in various conditions, from metabolic syndromes to mitochondrial diseases. Moreover, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transfer is an emerging mechanism that enables the restoration of mitochondrial function in damaged cells. Hence, developing a technology that facilitates the transfer of mtDNA can be a promising strategy for the treatment of these conditions. Here, we utilized an ex vivo culture of mouse hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and succeeded in expanding the HSCs efficiently. Upon transplantation, sufficient donor HSC engraftment was attained in-host. To assess the mitochondrial transfer via donor HSCs, we used mitochondrial-nuclear exchange (MNX) mice with nuclei from C57BL/6J and mitochondria from the C3H/HeN strain. Cells from MNX mice have C57BL/6J immunophenotype and C3H/HeN mtDNA, which is known to confer a higher stress resistance to mitochondria. Ex vivo expanded MNX HSCs were transplanted into irradiated C57BL/6J mice and the analyses were performed at six weeks post transplantation. We observed high engraftment of the donor cells in the bone marrow. We also found that HSCs from the MNX mice could transfer mtDNA to the host cells. This work highlights the utility of ex vivo expanded HSC to achieve the mitochondrial transfer from donor to host in the transplant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kawano
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Yuko Kawano
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Chen Yu
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Mark W. LaMere
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Matthew J. McArthur
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Michael W. Becker
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Scott W. Ballinger
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Satoshi Gojo
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-0841, Japan
| | - Roman A. Eliseev
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Laura M. Calvi
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Neoantigens: promising targets for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:9. [PMID: 36604431 PMCID: PMC9816309 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 176.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in neoantigen research have accelerated the development and regulatory approval of tumor immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines, adoptive cell therapy and antibody-based therapies, especially for solid tumors. Neoantigens are newly formed antigens generated by tumor cells as a result of various tumor-specific alterations, such as genomic mutation, dysregulated RNA splicing, disordered post-translational modification, and integrated viral open reading frames. Neoantigens are recognized as non-self and trigger an immune response that is not subject to central and peripheral tolerance. The quick identification and prediction of tumor-specific neoantigens have been made possible by the advanced development of next-generation sequencing and bioinformatic technologies. Compared to tumor-associated antigens, the highly immunogenic and tumor-specific neoantigens provide emerging targets for personalized cancer immunotherapies, and serve as prospective predictors for tumor survival prognosis and immune checkpoint blockade responses. The development of cancer therapies will be aided by understanding the mechanism underlying neoantigen-induced anti-tumor immune response and by streamlining the process of neoantigen-based immunotherapies. This review provides an overview on the identification and characterization of neoantigens and outlines the clinical applications of prospective immunotherapeutic strategies based on neoantigens. We also explore their current status, inherent challenges, and clinical translation potential.
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Welch DR, Larson MA, Vivian CJ, Vivian JL. Generating Mitochondrial-Nuclear Exchange (MNX) Mice to Identify Mitochondrial Determinants of Cancer Metastasis. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2660:43-59. [PMID: 37191789 PMCID: PMC10195030 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3163-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the contributions of mitochondrial genetics to disease pathogenesis is facilitated by a new and unique model-the mitochondrial-nuclear exchange mouse. Here we report the rationale for their development, the methods used to create them, and a brief summary of how MNX mice have been used to understand the contributions of mitochondrial DNA in multiple diseases, focusing on cancer metastasis. Polymorphisms in mtDNA which distinguish mouse strains exert intrinsic and extrinsic effects on metastasis efficiency by altering epigenetic marks in the nuclear genome, changing production of reactive oxygen species, altering the microbiota, and influencing immune responses to cancer cells. Although the focus of this report is cancer metastasis, MNX mice have proven to be valuable in studying mitochondrial contributions to other diseases as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny R Welch
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Internal Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Kansas University Medical Center and The University of Kansas Comprehensive Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Melissa A Larson
- Transgenic and Gene-Targeting Institutional Facility, The Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Carolyn J Vivian
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jay L Vivian
- Transgenic and Gene-Targeting Institutional Facility, The Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Welch DR, Foster C, Rigoutsos I. Roles of mitochondrial genetics in cancer metastasis. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:1002-1018. [PMID: 35915015 PMCID: PMC9884503 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The contributions of mitochondria to cancer have been recognized for decades. However, the focus on the metabolic role of mitochondria and the diminutive size of the mitochondrial genome compared to the nuclear genome have hindered discovery of the roles of mitochondrial genetics in cancer. This review summarizes recent data demonstrating the contributions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy-number variants (CNVs), somatic mutations, and germline polymorphisms to cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. The goal is to summarize accumulating data to establish a framework for exploring the contributions of mtDNA to neoplasia and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny R Welch
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Internal Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Pathology, The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Comprehensive Cancer Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Christian Foster
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Kansas University Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Isidore Rigoutsos
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Suite M81, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Chattopadhyay M, Jenkins EC, Lechuga-Vieco AV, Nie K, Fiel MI, Rialdi A, Guccione E, Enriquez JA, Sia D, Lujambio A, Germain D. The portrait of liver cancer is shaped by mitochondrial genetics. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Mitochondrial Heteroplasmy Shifting as a Potential Biomarker of Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147369. [PMID: 34298989 PMCID: PMC8304746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a serious health problem with a high mortality rate worldwide. Given the relevance of mitochondria in numerous physiological and pathological mechanisms, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, apoptosis, metabolism, cancer progression and drug resistance, mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) analysis has become of great interest in the study of human diseases, including cancer. To date, a high number of variants and mutations have been identified in different types of tumors, which coexist with normal alleles, a phenomenon named heteroplasmy. This mechanism is considered an intermediate state between the fixation or elimination of the acquired mutations. It is suggested that mutations, which confer adaptive advantages to tumor growth and invasion, are enriched in malignant cells. Notably, many recent studies have reported a heteroplasmy-shifting phenomenon as a potential shaper in tumor progression and treatment response, and we suggest that each cancer type also has a unique mitochondrial heteroplasmy-shifting profile. So far, a plethora of data evidencing correlations among heteroplasmy and cancer-related phenotypes are available, but still, not authentic demonstrations, and whether the heteroplasmy or the variation in mtDNA copy number (mtCNV) in cancer are cause or consequence remained unknown. Further studies are needed to support these findings and decipher their clinical implications and impact in the field of drug discovery aimed at treating human cancer.
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Nathanson SD, Detmar M, Padera TP, Yates LR, Welch DR, Beadnell TC, Scheid AD, Wrenn ED, Cheung K. Mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2021; 39:117-137. [PMID: 33950409 PMCID: PMC8568733 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-021-10090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Invasive breast cancer tends to metastasize to lymph nodes and systemic sites. The management of metastasis has evolved by focusing on controlling the growth of the disease in the breast/chest wall, and at metastatic sites, initially by surgery alone, then by a combination of surgery with radiation, and later by adding systemic treatments in the form of chemotherapy, hormone manipulation, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and other treatments aimed at inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells. It would be valuable for us to know how breast cancer metastasizes; such knowledge would likely encourage the development of therapies that focus on mechanisms of metastasis and might even allow us to avoid toxic therapies that are currently used for this disease. For example, if we had a drug that targeted a gene that is critical for metastasis, we might even be able to cure a vast majority of patients with breast cancer. By bringing together scientists with expertise in molecular aspects of breast cancer metastasis, and those with expertise in the mechanical aspects of metastasis, this paper probes interesting aspects of the metastasis cascade, further enlightening us in our efforts to improve the outcome from breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S David Nathanson
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Cancer Institute, 2799 W Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timothy P Padera
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Danny R Welch
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center and University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Thomas C Beadnell
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center and University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Adam D Scheid
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center and University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Emma D Wrenn
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences and Human Biology Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin Cheung
- Translational Research Program, Public Health Sciences and Human Biology Divisions, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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