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Hsin F, Hsu YC, Tsai YF, Lin SW, Liu HM. The transmembrane serine protease hepsin suppresses type I interferon induction by cleaving STING. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/687/eabb4752. [PMID: 34131022 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abb4752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many viral proteases mediate the evasion of antiviral innate immunity by cleaving adapter proteins in the interferon (IFN) induction pathway. Host proteases are also involved in innate immunity and inflammation. Here, we report that the transmembrane protease hepsin (also known as TMPRSS1), which is predominantly present in hepatocytes, inhibited the induction of type I IFN during viral infections. Knocking out hepsin in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) increased the viral infection-induced expression of Ifnb1, an Ifnb1 promoter reporter, and an IFN-sensitive response element promoter reporter. Ectopic expression of hepsin in cultured human hepatocytes and HEK293T cells suppressed the induction of IFNβ during viral infections by reducing the abundance of STING. These effects depended on the protease activity of hepsin. We identified a putative hepsin target site in STING and showed that mutating this site protected STING from hepsin-mediated cleavage. In addition to hepatocytes, several hepsin-producing prostate cancer cell lines showed reduced STING-mediated type I IFN induction and responses. These results reveal a role for hepsin in suppressing STING-mediated type I IFN induction, which may contribute to the vulnerability of hepatocytes to chronic viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Hsin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Hsu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Liver Disease Prevention and Treatment Research Foundation, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fei Tsai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wha Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Helene Minyi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Nassan M, Jia YF, Jenkins G, Colby C, Feeder S, Choi DS, Veldic M, McElroy SL, Bond DJ, Weinshilboum R, Biernacka JM, Frye MA. Exploring hepsin functional genetic variation association with disease specific protein expression in bipolar disorder: Applications of a proteomic informed genomic approach. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 95:208-212. [PMID: 28886448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In a prior discovery study, increased levels of serum Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15), Hepsin (HPN), and Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 (MMP7) were observed in bipolar depressed patients vs controls. This exploratory post-hoc analysis applied a proteomic-informed genomic research strategy to study the potential functional role of these proteins in bipolar disorder (BP). Utilizing the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database to identify cis-acting blood expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTLs), five eQTL variants from the HPN gene were analyzed for association with BP cases using genotype data of cases from the discovery study (n = 58) versus healthy controls (n = 777). After adjusting for relevant covariates, we analyzed the relationship between these 5 cis-eQTLs and HPN serum level in the BP cases. All 5 cis-eQTL minor alleles were significantly more frequent in BP cases vs controls [(rs62122114, OR = 1.6, p = 0.02), (rs67003112, OR = 1.6, p = 0.02), (rs4997929, OR = 1.7, p = 0.01), (rs12610663, OR = 1.7, p = 0.01), (rs62122148, OR = 1.7, P = 0.01)]. The minor allele (A) in rs62122114 was significantly associated with increased serum HPN level in BP cases (Beta = 0.12, P = 0.049). However, this same minor allele was associated with reduced gene expression in GTEx controls. These exploratory analyses suggest that genetic variation in/near the gene encoding for hepsin protein may influence risk of bipolar disorder. This genetic variation, at least for the rs62122114-A allele, may have functional impact (i.e. differential expression) as evidenced by serum HPN protein expression. Although limited by small sample size, this study highlights the merits of proteomic informed functional genomic studies as a tool to investigate with greater precision the genetic risk of bipolar disorder and secondary relationships to protein expression recognizing, and encouraging in subsequent studies, high likelihood of epigenetic modification of genetic disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Nassan
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yun-Fang Jia
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Greg Jenkins
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Colin Colby
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Scott Feeder
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marin Veldic
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Susan L McElroy
- Lindner Center of HOPE, Mason, OH and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David J Bond
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Joanna M Biernacka
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mark A Frye
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, Mayo Clinic Depression Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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3
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Niehaus JZ, Miedel MT, Good M, Wyatt AN, Pak SC, Silverman GA, Luke CJ. SERPINB12 Is a Slow-Binding Inhibitor of Granzyme A and Hepsin. Biochemistry 2015; 54:6756-9. [PMID: 26497600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The clade B/intracellular serpins protect cells from peptidase-mediated injury by forming covalent complexes with their targets. SERPINB12 is expressed in most tissues, especially at cellular interfaces with the external environment. This wide tissue distribution pattern is similar to that of granzyme A (GZMA). Because SERPINB12 inhibits trypsin-like serine peptidases, we determined whether it might also neutralize GZMA. SERPINB12 formed a covalent complex with GZMA and inhibited the enzyme with typical serpin slow-binding kinetics. SERPINB12 also inhibited Hepsin. SERPINB12 may function as an endogenous inhibitor of these peptidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Z Niehaus
- Department of Pediatrics and ‡Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and The Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC , 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, United States
| | - Mark T Miedel
- Department of Pediatrics and ‡Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and The Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC , 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, United States
| | - Misty Good
- Department of Pediatrics and ‡Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and The Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC , 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, United States
| | - Allyson N Wyatt
- Department of Pediatrics and ‡Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and The Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC , 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, United States
| | - Stephen C Pak
- Department of Pediatrics and ‡Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and The Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC , 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, United States
| | - Gary A Silverman
- Department of Pediatrics and ‡Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and The Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC , 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, United States
| | - Cliff J Luke
- Department of Pediatrics and ‡Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and The Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC , 4401 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, United States
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Tervonen TA, Belitškin D, Pant SM, Englund JI, Marques E, Ala-Hongisto H, Nevalaita L, Sihto H, Heikkilä P, Leidenius M, Hewitson K, Ramachandra M, Moilanen A, Joensuu H, Kovanen PE, Poso A, Klefström J. Deregulated hepsin protease activity confers oncogenicity by concomitantly augmenting HGF/MET signalling and disrupting epithelial cohesion. Oncogene 2015; 35:1832-46. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Yang HY, Zheng NQ, Li DM, Gu L, Peng XM. Entecavir combined with furin inhibitor simultaneously reduces hepatitis B virus replication and e antigen secretion. Virol J 2014; 11:165. [PMID: 25224377 PMCID: PMC4177756 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antiviral therapy of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection pursues the dual goals, virological response (undetectable serum HBV DNA) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) serological response (serum HBeAg loss/seroconversion). It is relatively difficult, however, to realize the serological response, especially for nucleotide/nucleoside analogs. Furin, a proprotein convertase, is involved in HBeAg maturation. The suppression of furin using inhibitors accordingly reduces HBeAg secretion, but possibly enhances HBV replication. For these reasons, the strategy based on the combination of nucleoside analog entecavir (ETV) and furin inhibitors to inhibit HBV replication and HBeAg secretion simultaneously were studied here. METHODS The suppression of furin was performed using inhibitors decanoyl-RVKR-chloromethylketone (CMK) and hexa-D-arginine (D6R) or the expression of furin inhibitory prosegment. The influence of furin suppression on HBV replication and the effect of CMK combined with nucleoside analog entecavir (ETV) on HBV replication and HBeAg secretion was investigated in HepG2.2.15 cells. HBeAg level in media was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Intracellular viral antigens and HBV DNA were detected using Western and Southern blotting analyses, respectively. RESULTS CMK, D6R and the expression of inhibitory prosegment all significantly reduced HBeAg secretion, but only CMK enhance HBV replication. Concordantly, only CMK post-transcriptionally accumulated cytosolic HBV replication-essential hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg). The HBcAg-accumulating effect of CMK was further found to be resulted from its redundant inhibitory effect on the trypsin-like activity of cellular proteasomes that are responsible for HBcAg degradation. Moreover, the viral replication-enhancing effect of CMK was abrogated by ETV and ETV combined with CMK reduced HBV replication and HBeAg secretion simultaneously. CONCLUSION The suppression of furin itself does not enhance HBV replication. Nucleotide/nucleoside analogs combined with furin inhibitors may be a potential easy way to realize the dual goals of the antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiao M Peng
- Hepatology Laboratory, the Hospital for Liver Disease, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Kelemen O, Convertini P, Zhang Z, Wen Y, Shen M, Falaleeva M, Stamm S. Function of alternative splicing. Gene 2013; 514:1-30. [PMID: 22909801 PMCID: PMC5632952 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Almost all polymerase II transcripts undergo alternative pre-mRNA splicing. Here, we review the functions of alternative splicing events that have been experimentally determined. The overall function of alternative splicing is to increase the diversity of mRNAs expressed from the genome. Alternative splicing changes proteins encoded by mRNAs, which has profound functional effects. Experimental analysis of these protein isoforms showed that alternative splicing regulates binding between proteins, between proteins and nucleic acids as well as between proteins and membranes. Alternative splicing regulates the localization of proteins, their enzymatic properties and their interaction with ligands. In most cases, changes caused by individual splicing isoforms are small. However, cells typically coordinate numerous changes in 'splicing programs', which can have strong effects on cell proliferation, cell survival and properties of the nervous system. Due to its widespread usage and molecular versatility, alternative splicing emerges as a central element in gene regulation that interferes with almost every biological function analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kelemen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Paolo Convertini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Zhaiyi Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Yuan Wen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Manli Shen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Marina Falaleeva
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Stefan Stamm
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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Miao J, Mu D, Ergel B, Singavarapu R, Duan Z, Powers S, Oliva E, Orsulic S. Hepsin colocalizes with desmosomes and induces progression of ovarian cancer in a mouse model. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:2041-7. [PMID: 18726901 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepsin is a serine protease that is widely expressed in different tissues and cell types, most prominently in the normal liver and kidney. Overexpression of hepsin has been associated with prostate cancers, ovarian cancers and renal cell carcinomas. The physiological functions of hepsin in normal tissues and tumors are poorly understood. To gain insight into its function in ovarian cancer, we analyzed the expression and subcellular localization of hepsin protein in ovarian cancer cell lines and tumors. We showed that the membrane-associated hepsin protein is present at desmosomal junctions, where it colocalizes with its putative proteolytic substrate hepatocyte growth factor. Consistent with the growing evidence that desmosomal junctions and their constituents play a role in cancer progression, we demonstrated that overexpression of hepsin promotes ovarian tumor growth in a mouse model. The ability of ectopic hepsin to induce tumor growth in mice is abrogated by the mutation of 3 critical residues in the catalytic domain, thus implicating the enzymatic activity of hepsin in promoting tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyong Miao
- Molecular Pathology Unit and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
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Memari N, Diamandis EP, Earle T, Campbell A, Van Dekken H, Van der Kwast TH. Human kallikrein-related peptidase 12: antibody generation and immunohistochemical localization in prostatic tissues. Prostate 2007; 67:1465-74. [PMID: 17654496 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human tissue kallikrein-related peptidases (genes, KLKs; proteins, KLKs) are a subgroup of serine proteases present in a variety of tissues and biological fluids. A number of human tissue KLKs are established or candidate serologic biomarkers for prostate cancer. Human kallikrein-related peptidase 12 (KLK12, KLK12), recently identified in our laboratory, is a novel member of the KLK gene family. Here, we report generation of antibodies against the full-length recombinant KLK12 (classical form) and the immunohistological localization of this KLK in normal and malignant prostate tissues. METHODS The mature form of KLK12 cDNA was amplified using PCR and cloned into a plasmid vector for protein production in E. coli. Following identification by mass spectroscopy, recombinant KLK12 was purified and used as immunogen in rabbits. Anti- KLK12 antibody was used for immunostaining of paraffin-embedded sections of human prostate tissue. Immunoexpression of KLK12 in benign and malignant prostate tissue was evaluated using a prostate cancer tissue array. RESULTS Anti-KLK12 antibody showed a predominantly apical and membranous staining of the luminal cells of the normal prostate in contrast with the predominantly diffuse cytoplasmic staining observed in both prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinomas. This was occasionally associated with an intense granular supranuclear staining. More than 95% of the prostate cancers on the tissue microarray were KLK12 positive. CONCLUSION Higher levels of KLK12 in malignant prostatic glands, and the shift in subcellular localization of KLK12 in prostate cancer observed in this study point to the potential role of this kallikrein during prostate carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Memari
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Herter S, Piper D, Aaron W, Gabriele T, Cutler G, Cao P, Bhatt A, Choe Y, Craik C, Walker N, Meininger D, Hoey T, Austin R. Hepatocyte growth factor is a preferred in vitro substrate for human hepsin, a membrane-anchored serine protease implicated in prostate and ovarian cancers. Biochem J 2005; 390:125-36. [PMID: 15839837 PMCID: PMC1184568 DOI: 10.1042/bj20041955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepsin is a membrane-anchored, trypsin-like serine protease with prominent expression in the human liver and tumours of the prostate and ovaries. To better understand the biological functions of hepsin, we identified macromolecular substrates employing a tetrapeptide PS-SCL (positional scanning-synthetic combinatorial library) screen that rapidly determines the P1-P4 substrate specificity. Hepsin exhibited strong preference at the P1 position for arginine over lysine, and favoured threonine, leucine or asparagine at the P2, glutamine or lysine at the P3, and proline or lysine at the P4 position. The relative activity of hepsin toward individual AMC (7-amino-4-methylcoumarin)-tetrapeptides was generally consistent with the overall peptide profiling results derived from the PC-SCL screen. The most active tetrapeptide substrate Ac (acetyl)-KQLR-AMC matched with the activation cleavage site of the hepatocyte growth factor precursor sc-HGF (single-chain HGF), KQLR downward arrowVVNG (where downward arrow denotes the cleavage site), as identified by a database analysis of trypsin-like precursors. X-ray crystallographic studies with KQLR chloromethylketone showed that the KQLR peptide fits well into the substrate-binding cleft of hepsin. This hepsin-processed HGF induced c-Met receptor tyrosine phosphorylation in SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells, indicating that the hepsin-cleaved HGF is biologically active. Activation cleavage site mutants of sc-HGF with predicted non-preferred sequences, DPGR downward arrowVVNG or KQLQ downward arrowVVNG, were not processed, illustrating that the P4-P1 residues can be important determinants for substrate specificity. In addition to finding macromolecular hepsin substrates, the extracellular inhibitors of the HGF activator, HAI-1 and HAI-2, were potent inhibitors of hepsin activity (IC50 4+/-0.2 nM and 12+/-0.5 nM respectively). Together, our findings suggest that the HGF precursor is a potential in vivo substrate for hepsin in tumours, where hepsin expression is dysregulated and may influence tumorigenesis through inappropriate activation and/or regulation of HGF receptor (c-Met) functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Herter
- *Department of Biology, Amgen San Francisco, 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, U.S.A
| | - Derek E. Piper
- *Department of Biology, Amgen San Francisco, 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, U.S.A
| | - Wade Aaron
- *Department of Biology, Amgen San Francisco, 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, U.S.A
| | - Timothy Gabriele
- *Department of Biology, Amgen San Francisco, 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, U.S.A
| | - Gene Cutler
- *Department of Biology, Amgen San Francisco, 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, U.S.A
| | - Ping Cao
- *Department of Biology, Amgen San Francisco, 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, U.S.A
| | - Ami S. Bhatt
- †University of California San Francisco, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94143, U.S.A
| | - Youngchool Choe
- †University of California San Francisco, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94143, U.S.A
| | - Charles S. Craik
- †University of California San Francisco, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94143, U.S.A
| | - Nigel Walker
- *Department of Biology, Amgen San Francisco, 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, U.S.A
| | - David Meininger
- *Department of Biology, Amgen San Francisco, 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, U.S.A
| | - Timothy Hoey
- *Department of Biology, Amgen San Francisco, 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, U.S.A
| | - Richard J. Austin
- *Department of Biology, Amgen San Francisco, 1120 Veterans Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, U.S.A
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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