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Becic A, Leifeld J, Shaukat J, Hollmann M. Tetraspanins as Potential Modulators of Glutamatergic Synaptic Function. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 14:801882. [PMID: 35046772 PMCID: PMC8761850 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.801882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins (Tspans) comprise a membrane protein family structurally defined by four transmembrane domains and intracellular N and C termini that is found in almost all cell types and tissues of eukaryotes. Moreover, they are involved in a bewildering multitude of diverse biological processes such as cell adhesion, motility, protein trafficking, signaling, proliferation, and regulation of the immune system. Beside their physiological roles, they are linked to many pathophysiological phenomena, including tumor progression regulation, HIV-1 replication, diabetes, and hepatitis. Tetraspanins are involved in the formation of extensive protein networks, through interactions not only with themselves but also with numerous other specific proteins, including regulatory proteins in the central nervous system (CNS). Interestingly, recent studies showed that Tspan7 impacts dendritic spine formation, glutamatergic synaptic transmission and plasticity, and that Tspan6 is correlated with epilepsy and intellectual disability (formerly known as mental retardation), highlighting the importance of particular tetraspanins and their involvement in critical processes in the CNS. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of tetraspanin functions in the brain, with a particular focus on their impact on glutamatergic neurotransmission. In addition, we compare available resolved structures of tetraspanin family members to those of auxiliary proteins of glutamate receptors that are known for their modulatory effects.
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Byun Y, Choi YC, Jeong Y, Yoon J, Baek K. Long Noncoding RNA Expression Profiling Reveals Upregulation of Uroplakin 1A and Uroplakin 1A Antisense RNA 1 under Hypoxic Conditions in Lung Cancer Cells. Mol Cells 2020; 43:975-988. [PMID: 33273139 PMCID: PMC7772508 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia plays important roles in cancer progression by inducing angiogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. However, the effects of hypoxia on long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression have not been clarified. Herein, we evaluated alterations in lncRNA expression in lung cancer cells under hypoxic conditions using lncRNA microarray analyses. Among 40,173 lncRNAs, 211 and 113 lncRNAs were up- and downregulated, respectively, in both A549 and NCI-H460 cells. Uroplakin 1A (UPK1A) and UPK1A-antisense RNA 1 (AS1), which showed the highest upregulation under hypoxic conditions, were selected to investigate the effects of UPK1AAS1 on the expression of UPK1A and the mechanisms of hypoxia-inducible expression. Following transfection of cells with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting hypoxiainducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), the hypoxia-induced expression of UPK1A and UPK1A-AS1 was significantly reduced, indicating that HIF-1α played important roles in the hypoxiainduced expression of these targets. After transfection of cells with UPK1A siRNA, UPK1A and UPK1A-AS1 levels were reduced. Moreover, transfection of cells with UPK1A-AS1 siRNA downregulated both UPK1A-AS1 and UPK1A. RNase protection assays demonstrated that UPK1A and UPK1A-AS1 formed a duplex; thus, transfection with UPK1A-AS1 siRNA decreased the RNA stability of UPK1A. Overall, these results indicated that UPK1A and UPK1A-AS1 expression increased under hypoxic conditions in a HIF-1α-dependent manner and that formation of a UPK1A/UPK1A-AS1 duplex affected RNA stability, enabling each molecule to regulate the expression of the other.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Hypoxia/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Methylation
- RNA Stability/genetics
- RNA, Antisense/genetics
- RNA, Antisense/metabolism
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Reproducibility of Results
- Ribonucleases/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/genetics
- Uroplakin Ia/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuree Byun
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Young-Chul Choi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Yongsu Jeong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Jaeseung Yoon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Kwanghee Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
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Zheng Y, Wang DD, Wang W, Pan K, Huang CY, Li YF, Wang QJ, Yuan SQ, Jiang SS, Qiu HB, Chen YM, Zhang XF, Zhao BW, mai C, Xia JC, Zhou ZW. Reduced expression of uroplakin 1A is associated with the poor prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93073. [PMID: 24698999 PMCID: PMC3974733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and prognostic significance of Uroplakin1A (UPK1A) in gastric adenocarcinoma patients. Functional studies were also analyzed in vitro. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), western blotting, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining methods were used to analyze the expression of UPK1A in primary gastric adenocarcinoma tissue samples. Compared with matched adjacent non-tumor, the expression of UPK1A in fresh surgical specimens was reduced, which was confirmed by RT-qPCR (P<0.01) and western blotting analysis (P<0.01). The paraffin specimens from a consecutive series of 445 gastric adenocarcinoma patients who underwent surgery between 2003 and 2006 were analyzed by IHC staining. The relationship between UPK1A expression, clinicopathological factors, and survival were evaluated. IHC staining analysis revealed that the reduced expression of UPK1A was observed in 224 cases (50.3%). Additionally, the correlation analysis of clinicopathological factors demonstrated that reduced expression of UPK1A was significantly associated with histological grade (P = 0.022), node metastasis (P<0.001) and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage (P = 0.008) (7th edition of the International Union Against Cancer (UICC)). Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that the reduced expression of UPK1A was significantly associated with poor prognosis (P = 0.043). Cox hazards model analysis indicated that UPK1A expression was an independent risk factor at the 0.1 level (P = 0.094). The function of UPK1A in cell cycle, migration, and invasion was investigated by overexpressing UPK1A in the MKN45 gastric cancer cell line. The elevated expression of UPK1A cells induced G1 phase arrest and significantly inhibited migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The reduced expression of UPK1A might play a role in the progression of gastric cancer. Thus, UPK1A could be a potential favorable biomarker associated with gastric cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan-dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Research Center for Medicinal Biotechnology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-qiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan-shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-bo Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bai-wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong mai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-chuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (ZWZ); (JCX)
| | - Zhi-wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (ZWZ); (JCX)
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Lin SY, Lee CN, Chen TC, Tu MP, Lin CY, Chang TY, Su YN. A fetus with 19q13.11 microdeletion presenting with intrauterine growth restriction and multiple cystic kidney a. CASE REPORTS IN PERINATAL MEDICINE 2012. [DOI: 10.1515/crpm-2012-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Constitutional deletions of chromosome 19q were rarely reported in the literature. The array-comparative genome hybridization (CGH) helps to identify four children with 19q13 microdeletion and the microdeletion of 19q13.11 is a recent emerging syndrome. We report one fetus with 19q12q13.12 deletion diagnosed prenatally and compare with five cases in the literature.
Case: The 29 year-old woman was at the 27th week of gestation. Prenatal ultrasound revealed severe intrauterine growth restriction and left side multiple cystic kidney with normal amniotic fluid index. Cordocentesis was performed for karyotyping and array CGH.
Results: The karyotype of the fetus was considered as normal male. The BAC array CGH identified one deletion at chromosome 19q12q13.12. The oligonucleotide array CGH further characterized the size of the breakpoint (chr19:35,116, 199-42,994,905). After counselling, the pregnancy was terminated at the 28th week of gestation. The aborted fetus had hypospadias and facial dysmorphisms.
Conclusions: Although a complete genotype-phenotype may not be established in these patients with 19q13 deletions, they shared some unique phenotypes and facial dysmorphisms. The clinician should keep in mind when anomalies are detected prenatally, array CGH may help to identify the etiology, which is critical for counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Nan Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin Chu branch, Hsin Chu, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ping Tu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Ya Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Ning Su
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Jenkins D, Woolf AS. Uroplakins: new molecular players in the biology of urinary tract malformations. Kidney Int 2006; 71:195-200. [PMID: 17183244 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The uroplakins (UPs) are a family of proteins which associate with each other and form plaques on the apical surface of the urothelium. These plaques contribute to a permeability barrier, preventing the influx of urine from the urinary tract lumen. Urinary tract malformations associated with human and mouse UP mutations, the human fetal expression patterns of UPs and experiments in Xenopus oocytes are collectively revealing new functions for the UPs, forcing us to view these proteins in a new light. Rather than simply being products of the urothelial differentiation program, they may be a group of proteins central to the process of urinary tract differentiation itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Jenkins
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
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