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Wipplinger M, Mink S, Bublitz M, Gassner C. Regulation of the Lewis Blood Group Antigen Expression: A Literature Review Supplemented with Computational Analysis. Transfus Med Hemother 2024; 51:225-236. [PMID: 39135855 PMCID: PMC11318966 DOI: 10.1159/000538863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The Lewis (Le) blood group system, unlike most other blood groups, is not defined by antigens produced internally to the erythrocytes and their precursors but rather by glycan antigens adsorbed on to the erythrocyte membrane from the plasma. These oligosaccharides are synthesized by the two fucosyltransferases FUT2 and FUT3 mainly in epithelial cells of the digestive tract and transferred to the plasma. At their place of synthesis, some Lewis blood group carbohydrate antigen variants also seem to be involved in various gastrointestinal malignancies. However, relatively little is known about the transcriptional regulation of FUT2 and FUT3. Summary To address this question, we screened existing literature and additionally used in silico prediction tools to identify novel candidate regulators for FUT2 and FUT3 and combine these findings with already known data on their regulation. With this approach, we were able to describe a variety of transcription factors, RNA binding proteins and microRNAs, which increase FUT2 and FUT3 transcription and translation upon interaction. Key Messages Understanding the regulation of FUT2 and FUT3 is crucial to fully understand the blood group system Lewis (ISBT 007 LE) phenotypes, to shed light on the role of the different Lewis antigens in various pathologies, and to identify potential new diagnostic targets for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wipplinger
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - Sylvia Mink
- Central Medical Laboratories, Feldkirch, Austria
- Medical-Scientific Faculty, Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - Maike Bublitz
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - Christoph Gassner
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein
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Glycosylation in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162598. [PMID: 36010674 PMCID: PMC9406705 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors of the urinary system, accounting for around 2% of all cancer diagnoses and deaths worldwide. Clear cell RCC (ccRCC) is the most prevalent and aggressive histology with an unfavorable prognosis and inadequate treatment. Patients' progression-free survival is considerably improved by surgery; however, 30% of patients develop metastases following surgery. Identifying novel targets and molecular markers for RCC prognostic detection is crucial for more accurate clinical diagnosis and therapy. Glycosylation is a critical post-translational modification (PMT) for cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion, involving the transfer of glycosyl moieties to specific amino acid residues in proteins to form glycosidic bonds through the activity of glycosyltransferases. Most cancers, including RCC, undergo glycosylation changes such as branching, sialylation, and fucosylation. In this review, we discuss the latest findings on the significance of aberrant glycans in the initiation, development, and progression of RCC. The potential biomarkers of altered glycans for the diagnosis and their implications in RCC have been further highlighted.
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Nordén R, Samuelsson E, Nyström K. NFκB-mediated activation of the cellular FUT3, 5 and 6 gene cluster by herpes simplex virus type 1. Glycobiology 2018; 27:999-1005. [PMID: 28973293 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 has the ability to induce expression of a human gene cluster located on chromosome 19 upon infection. This gene cluster contains three fucosyltransferases (encoded by FUT3, FUT5 and FUT6) with the ability to add a fucose to an N-acetylglucosamine residue. Little is known regarding the transcriptional activation of these three genes in human cells. Intriguingly, herpes simplex virus type 1 activates all three genes simultaneously during infection, a situation not observed in uninfected tissue, pointing towards a virus specific mechanism for transcriptional activation. The aim of this study was to define the underlying mechanism for the herpes simplex virus type 1 activation of FUT3, FUT5 and FUT6 transcription. The transcriptional activation of the FUT-gene cluster on chromosome 19 in fibroblasts was specific, not involving adjacent genes. Moreover, inhibition of NFκB signaling through panepoxydone treatment significantly decreased the induction of FUT3, FUT5 and FUT6 transcriptional activation, as did siRNA targeting of p65, in herpes simplex virus type 1 infected fibroblasts. NFκB and p65 signaling appears to play an important role in the regulation of FUT3, FUT5 and FUT6 transcriptional activation by herpes simplex virus type 1 although additional, unidentified, viral factors might account for part of the mechanism as direct interferon mediated stimulation of NFκB was not sufficient to induce the fucosyltransferase encoding gene cluster in uninfected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickard Nordén
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Clinical Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Guldhedsgatan 10B, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ebba Samuelsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Clinical Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Guldhedsgatan 10B, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Nyström
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Clinical Virology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Guldhedsgatan 10B, SE-413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
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High expression of FUT3 is linked to poor prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:61036-61047. [PMID: 28977844 PMCID: PMC5617404 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Some of the fucosylation catalyzed by fucosyltransferase-III mediates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and enhances tumor cell-macrophage signaling, which promotes malignant transforming and immune evasion. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between the expression of fucosyltransferase-III and clinical outcomes of patients with clear-cell renal cell carcinoma after surgery. Results High fucosyltransferase-III expression was associated with a greater risk of recurrence (p = 0.002) and shortened overall survival (p < 0.001). We then established a prognostic nomogram including tumor size, pathologic T, N, M stage, coagulative necrosis, lymphovascular invasion and fucosyltransferase-III expression. Furthermore, the predictive accuracy of the Leibovich prognostic score was improved when fucosyltransferase-III expression was added (p = 0.009 for overall survival and p = 0.002 for recurrence-free survival). Materials and Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 406 patients who underwent partial or radical nephrectomy between January 2008 and December 2009 in a single institute. Fucosyltransferase-III expression levels were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining in tumor tissues. Kaplan-Meier method was applied to compare survival curves. Cox regression models were fitted to analyze the effect of prognostic factors on recurrence-free and overall survival. Harrell’s concordance index and Akaike’s Information Criteria were calculated to assess predictive accuracy. Conclusions Fucosyltransferase-III is a predictive factor for poor overall survival and recurrence free survival in patients with ccRCC. The inhibitor of fucosyltransferase-III might be a potential therapeutic method for the disease.
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Selectin Ligands Sialyl-Lewis a and Sialyl-Lewis x in Gastrointestinal Cancers. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6010016. [PMID: 28241499 PMCID: PMC5372009 DOI: 10.3390/biology6010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The tetrasaccharide structures Siaα2,3Galβ1,3(Fucα1,4)GlcNAc and Siaα2,3Galβ1,4(Fucα1,3)GlcNAc constitute the epitopes of the carbohydrate antigens sialyl-Lewis a (sLea) and sialyl-Lewis x (sLex), respectively, and are the minimal requirement for selectin binding to their counter-receptors. Interaction of sLex expressed on the cell surface of leucocytes with E-selectin on endothelial cells allows their arrest and promotes their extravasation. Similarly, the rolling of cancer cells ectopically expressing the selectin ligands on endothelial cells is potentially a crucial step favoring the metastatic process. In this review, we focus on the biosynthetic steps giving rise to selectin ligand expression in cell lines and native tissues of gastrointestinal origin, trying to understand whether and how they are deregulated in cancer. We also discuss the use of such molecules in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers, particularly in light of recent data questioning the ability of colon cancers to express sLea and the possible use of circulating sLex in the early detection of pancreatic cancer. Finally, we reviewed the data dealing with the mechanisms that link selectin ligand expression in gastrointestinal cells to cancer malignancy. This promising research field seems to require additional data on native patient tissues to reach more definitive conclusions.
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Paschos KA, Canovas D, Bird NC. The engagement of selectins and their ligands in colorectal cancer liver metastases. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 14:165-74. [PMID: 19627399 PMCID: PMC3837616 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The colonization of the liver by colorectal cancer (CRC) cells is a complicated process which includes many stages, until macrometastases occur. The entrapment of malignant cells within the hepatic sinusoids and their interactions with resident non-parenchymal cells are considered very important for the whole metastatic sequence. In the sinusoids, cell connection and signalling is mediated by multiple cell adhesion molecules, such as the selectins. The three members of the selectin family, E-, P- and L-selectin, in conjunction with sialylated Lewis ligands and CD44 variants, regulate colorectal cell communication and adhesion with platelets, leucocytes, sinusoidal endothelial cells and stellate cells. Their role in CRC liver metastases has been investigated in animal models and human tissue, in vivo and in vitro, in static and shear flow conditions, and their key-function in several molecular pathways has been displayed. Therefore, trials have already commenced aiming to exploit selectins and their ligands in the treatment of benign and malignant diseases. Multiple pharmacological agents have been developed that are being tested for potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos A Paschos
- Liver Research Group, Section of Oncology, School of Medicine, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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Inhibition of protein deacetylation augments herpes simplex virus type 1-activated transcription of host fucosyltransferase genes associated with virus-induced sLex expression. Arch Virol 2009; 155:305-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-009-0580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Barthel SR, Gavino JD, Wiese GK, Jaynes JM, Siddiqui J, Dimitroff CJ. Analysis of glycosyltransferase expression in metastatic prostate cancer cells capable of rolling activity on microvascular endothelial (E)-selectin. Glycobiology 2008; 18:806-17. [PMID: 18647941 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwn070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) cell tethering and rolling on microvascular endothelium has been proposed to promote the extravasation of PCa cells. We have shown that these adhesive events are mediated through binding interactions between endothelial (E)-selectin and Lewis carbohydrates on PCa cells. Prior data indicate that E-selectin-mediated rolling of bone-metastatic PCa MDA PCa 2b (MDA) cells is dependent on sialyl Lewis X (sLe(X))-bearing glycoproteins. To explore the molecular basis of sLe(X) synthesis and E-selectin ligand (ESL) activity on PCa cells, we compared and contrasted the expression level of glycosyltransferases, characteristically involved in sLe(X) and ESL synthesis, in ESL(+) MDA cells among other ESL(-) metastatic PCa cell lines. We also created and examined ESL(hi) and ESL(lo) variants of MDA cells to provide a direct comparison of the glycosyltransferase expression level. We found that normal prostate tissue and all metastatic PCa cell lines expressed glycosyltransferases required for sialo-lactosamine synthesis, including N-acetylglucosaminyl-, galactosyl-, and sialyltransferases. However, compared with expression in normal prostate tissue, ESL(+) MDA cells expressed a 31- and 10-fold higher level of alpha1,3 fucosyltransferases (FT) 3 and 6, respectively. Moreover, FT3 and FT6 were expressed at 2- to 354-fold lower levels in ESL(-) PCa cell lines. Consistent with these findings, ESL(hi) MDA cells expressed a 131- and 51-fold higher level of FT3 and FT6, respectively, compared with expression in ESL(lo) MDA cells. We also noted that alpha1,3 FT7 was expressed at a 5-fold greater level in ESL(hi) MDA cells. Furthermore, ESL(lo) MDA cells did not display sLe(X) on glycoproteins capable of bearing sLe(X), notably P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1. These results implicate the importance of alpha1,3 FT3, FT6, and/or FT7 in sLe(X) and ESL synthesis on metastatic PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Barthel
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Transcriptional regulation of the fucosyltransferase VI gene in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Glycoconj J 2008; 25:225-35. [PMID: 18274891 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-008-9114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Revised: 01/06/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase VI (FUT VI) protein is a key enzyme for synthesis of sialyl Lewis X and Lewis X in epithelial cells. Despite its importance, how FUT VI expression is regulated has not previously been elucidated. In this work, we examined transcriptional regulation of the FUT VI gene in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. 5'-Rapid amplification of cDNA ends analysis revealed transcription start sites of FUT VI in HepG2 cells at +65 and +278 nucleotides (nt) downstream of the position registered in the Data Base of Human Transcription Start Sites. We determined promoter regions for FUT VI in HepG2 cells using a luciferase reporter gene assay. The promoter activities of constructs located 5'-upstream of the transcription start site decreased when the -186 to -156 and -56 to -19 nt regions were deleted. Site-directed mutagenesis of these regions revealed that two hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 alpha (HNF-4 alpha) and one octamer binding transcription factor-1 (Oct-1) binding sites are essential for FUT VI transcription. Furthermore, transient over-expression of HNF-4 alpha but not Oct-1 enhanced both FUT VI promoter activities and FUT VI mRNA levels in HuH-7 cells. These results suggest that two defined regions in the 5'-flanking region of the FUT VI transcription start site are critical for FUT VI transcription in HepG2 cells.
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Higai K, Ishihara S, Matsumoto K. NFkappaB-p65 dependent transcriptional regulation of glycosyltransferases in human colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 by stimulation with tumor necrosis factor alpha. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 29:2372-7. [PMID: 17142966 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.2372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of fucosyltransferases (FUTs) and sialyltransferases (STs) in a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 and nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB)-p65 knockdown HT-29 cells was investigated after stimulation with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) using real time PCR. TNFalpha stimulation induced the biphasic increases in expression of NFkappaB-p65, ST3Gal I, FUT IV, ST3Gal IV and ST6GalNAc III mRNAs and the transient increase in expression of ST6Gal I mRNA and the decrease in ST3GalNAc IV mRNA. In NFkappaB-p65 knockdown HT-29 cells, the biphasic and transient increases in all of these mRNA expression induced with TNFalpha were diminished. On the other hand, NFkappaB-p65 siRNA enhanced the constitutive expression levels of ST3GalNAc IV mRNA which was suppressed by TNFalpha. Transcription activities of ST3Gal I reporter gene from nt -1050 5'-flanking region to translation initiation site which has consensus NFkappaB binding sites were up-regulated by stimulation with TNFalpha in HT-29 cells. The promoter activities for deletion constructs of each NFkappaB binding sites were determined using dual luciferase assay. The results indicated that constitutive promoter activities were detected at nt -120 5'-flanking translation initiation site and TNFalpha enhanced ST3Gal I gene expression through NFkappaB binding sites in HT-29 cells. Combination of stimulation with TNFalpha and NFkappaB knockdown with siRNA is useful for determination of NFkappaB dependent transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Higai
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan.
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