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Soleimani S, Jannesari A, Etezad SM. Prevention of marine biofouling in the aquaculture industry by a coating based on polydimethylsiloxane-chitosan and sodium polyacrylate. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125508. [PMID: 37356687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a series of novel hydrophobic/hydrophilic hybrid (HHH) coatings with the feature of preventing the fouling phenomenon was fabricated based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), as matrix and two hydrophilic polymers: chitosan and sodium polyacrylate, as dispersed phases. Antibacterial activity, pseudo-barnacle adhesion strength, surface free energy, water contact angle, and water absorption were performed for all samples. Evaluating field immersion of the samples was performed in the natural seawater. The results showed that the dispersed phase containing PDMS coatings showed simultaneously both of antibacterial activity and foul release behavior. Among the samples, the PCs4 coating containing 4 wt% Cs indicated the lowest pseudo barnacle adhesion strength (0.04 MPa), the lowest surface free energy (18.94 mN/m), the highest water contact angle (116.05°), and the percentage of fouling organisms 9.8 % after 30 days immersion. The HHH coatings can be considered as novel eco-friendly antifouling/foul release coatings for aquaculture applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soolmaz Soleimani
- Department of Resins and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jannesari
- Department of Resins and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Masoud Etezad
- Department of Environmental Research, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Yazdi Y, Rezaei MR, Pourianfar HR. Antibacterial Activity of Culinary-Medicinal Polypore Mushroom Lentinus tigrinus (Agaricomycetes). Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:21-30. [PMID: 37522530 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023048172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms belonging to Lentinus spp. exhibit significant antibacterial activities, but little attention has been paid to their efficacy against the food-borne pathogen, Bacillus cereus. The present study for the first time quantitatively evaluated the antibacterial activity of different extracts from fruiting bodies of a well-authenticated Iranian native strain of medicinal mushroom, Lentinus tigrinus, against Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium B. cereus. The findings revealed that the acetone extract inhibited the growth of B. cereus at concentrations as low as 31.25 μg/ML, while it had no effect against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus even at 10,000 μg/ML. The rest of the bacteria were also susceptible to the acetone extract at concentrations greater than 5 mg/ML. Antibacterial activities of the methanol-ethyl acetate extract and the hot water extract were significantly weaker than that of the acetone extract, which contained high amounts of total phenols (5.83 ± 0.08 mg GAE/g, dw), while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the presence of functional groups, such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, amide, and amine. Further studies by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed obvious changes in the morphology of B. cereus in response to the acetone extract of L. tigrinus. This study may suggest that L. tigrinus could be a good natural source for isolating and purifying antibacterial compounds against B. cereus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Yazdi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Rezaei
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hamid R Pourianfar
- Industrial Fungi Biotechnology Research Department, Research Institute for Industrial Biotechnology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Khorasan Razavi Branch, Mashhad, Iran
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3
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Krstić J, Radosavljević A, Spasojević J, Nikolić N, Jovanović U, Abazović N, Kačarević-Popović Z. Improvement of antibacterial activity of Ag-poly(vinyl-alcohol)/chitosan hydrogel by optimizing the procedure of radiolytic synthesis. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Wakita S, Sugahara Y, Nakamura M, Kobayashi S, Matsuda K, Takasaki C, Kimura M, Kida Y, Uehara M, Tabata E, Hiraoka K, Seki S, Matoska V, Bauer PO, Oyama F. Mouse Acidic Chitinase Effectively Degrades Random-Type Chitosan to Chitooligosaccharides of Variable Lengths under Stomach and Lung Tissue pH Conditions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216706. [PMID: 34771117 PMCID: PMC8587675 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides exhibit several biomedical activities, such as inflammation and tumorigenesis reduction in mammals. The mechanism of the chitooligosaccharides’ formation in vivo has been, however, poorly understood. Here we report that mouse acidic chitinase (Chia), which is widely expressed in mouse tissues, can produce chitooligosaccharides from deacetylated chitin (chitosan) at pH levels corresponding to stomach and lung tissues. Chia degraded chitin to produce N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) dimers. The block-type chitosan (heterogenous deacetylation) is soluble at pH 2.0 (optimal condition for mouse Chia) and was degraded into chitooligosaccharides with various sizes ranging from di- to nonamers. The random-type chitosan (homogenous deacetylation) is soluble in water that enables us to examine its degradation at pH 2.0, 5.0, and 7.0. Incubation of these substrates with Chia resulted in the more efficient production of chitooligosaccharides with more variable sizes was from random-type chitosan than from the block-type form of the molecule. The data presented here indicate that Chia digests chitosan acquired by homogenous deacetylation of chitin in vitro and in vivo. The degradation products may then influence different physiological or pathological processes. Our results also suggest that bioactive chitooligosaccharides can be obtained conveniently using homogenously deacetylated chitosan and Chia for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Wakita
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan; (S.W.); (Y.S.); (M.N.); (S.K.); (K.M.); (C.T.); (M.K.); (Y.K.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
| | - Yasusato Sugahara
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan; (S.W.); (Y.S.); (M.N.); (S.K.); (K.M.); (C.T.); (M.K.); (Y.K.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
| | - Masayuki Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan; (S.W.); (Y.S.); (M.N.); (S.K.); (K.M.); (C.T.); (M.K.); (Y.K.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
| | - Syunsuke Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan; (S.W.); (Y.S.); (M.N.); (S.K.); (K.M.); (C.T.); (M.K.); (Y.K.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
| | - Kazuhisa Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan; (S.W.); (Y.S.); (M.N.); (S.K.); (K.M.); (C.T.); (M.K.); (Y.K.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
| | - Chinatsu Takasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan; (S.W.); (Y.S.); (M.N.); (S.K.); (K.M.); (C.T.); (M.K.); (Y.K.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
| | - Masahiro Kimura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan; (S.W.); (Y.S.); (M.N.); (S.K.); (K.M.); (C.T.); (M.K.); (Y.K.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (PD), Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Yuta Kida
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan; (S.W.); (Y.S.); (M.N.); (S.K.); (K.M.); (C.T.); (M.K.); (Y.K.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
| | - Maiko Uehara
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan; (S.W.); (Y.S.); (M.N.); (S.K.); (K.M.); (C.T.); (M.K.); (Y.K.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
| | - Eri Tabata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan; (S.W.); (Y.S.); (M.N.); (S.K.); (K.M.); (C.T.); (M.K.); (Y.K.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (PD), Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Koji Hiraoka
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan; (K.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Shiro Seki
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan; (K.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Vaclav Matoska
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Homolka Hospital, Roentgenova 37/2, 150 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.M.); (P.O.B.)
| | - Peter O. Bauer
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Homolka Hospital, Roentgenova 37/2, 150 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.M.); (P.O.B.)
- Bioinova JSC, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fumitaka Oyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan; (S.W.); (Y.S.); (M.N.); (S.K.); (K.M.); (C.T.); (M.K.); (Y.K.); (M.U.); (E.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of Different Families of Chitooligosaccharides and Their Bioactive Properties. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11073212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharides (COS) are homo- or hetero-oligomers of D-glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) that can be obtained by chitosan or chitin hydrolysis. Their enzymatic production is preferred over other methodologies (physical, chemical, etc.) due to the mild conditions required, the fewer amounts of waste and its efficiency to control product composition. By properly selecting the enzyme (chitinase, chitosanase or nonspecific enzymes) and the substrate properties (degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, etc.), it is possible to direct the synthesis towards any of the three COS types: fully acetylated (faCOS), partially acetylated (paCOS) and fully deacetylated (fdCOS). In this article, we review the main strategies to steer the COS production towards a specific group. The chemical characterization of COS by advanced techniques, e.g., high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, is critical for structure–function studies. The scaling of processes to synthesize specific COS mixtures is difficult due to the low solubility of chitin/chitosan, the heterogeneity of the reaction mixtures, and high amounts of salts. Enzyme immobilization can help to minimize such hurdles. The main bioactive properties of COS are herein reviewed. Finally, the anti-inflammatory activity of three COS mixtures was assayed in murine macrophages after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides.
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da Silva NS, Araújo NK, Daniele-Silva A, Oliveira JWDF, de Medeiros JM, Araújo RM, Ferreira LDS, Rocha HAO, Silva-Junior AA, Silva MS, Fernandes-Pedrosa MDF. Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan Oligosaccharides with Special Attention to Antiparasitic Potential. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19020110. [PMID: 33673266 PMCID: PMC7917997 DOI: 10.3390/md19020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global rise of infectious disease outbreaks and the progression of microbial resistance reinforce the importance of researching new biomolecules. Obtained from the hydrolysis of chitosan, chitooligosaccharides (COSs) have demonstrated several biological properties, including antimicrobial, and greater advantage over chitosan due to their higher solubility and lower viscosity. Despite the evidence of the biotechnological potential of COSs, their effects on trypanosomatids are still scarce. The objectives of this study were the enzymatic production, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of the cytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic effects of COSs. NMR and mass spectrometry analyses indicated the presence of a mixture with 81% deacetylated COS and acetylated hexamers. COSs demonstrated no evidence of cytotoxicity upon 2 mg/mL. In addition, COSs showed interesting activity against bacteria and yeasts and a time-dependent parasitic inhibition. Scanning electron microscopy images indicated a parasite aggregation ability of COSs. Thus, the broad biological effect of COSs makes them a promising molecule for the biomedical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Sousa da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil;
| | - Nathália Kelly Araújo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (N.K.A.); (L.D.S.F.); (A.A.S.-J.)
| | - Alessandra Daniele-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Development and Technological Innovation in Medicines, Bioscience Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, Brazil;
| | | | - Júlia Maria de Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, Brazil;
| | - Renata Mendonça Araújo
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, Brazil;
| | - Leandro De Santis Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (N.K.A.); (L.D.S.F.); (A.A.S.-J.)
| | | | - Arnóbio Antônio Silva-Junior
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (N.K.A.); (L.D.S.F.); (A.A.S.-J.)
| | - Marcelo Sousa Silva
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil;
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of Nova Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (N.K.A.); (L.D.S.F.); (A.A.S.-J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-84-3342-9820
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7
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Affes S, Maalej H, Aranaz I, Acosta N, Heras Á, Nasri M. Enzymatic production of low-Mw chitosan-derivatives: Characterization and biological activities evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 144:279-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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8
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Ahmed KBM, Khan MMA, Jahan A, Siddiqui H, Uddin M. Gamma rays induced acquisition of structural modification in chitosan boosts photosynthetic machinery, enzymatic activities and essential oil production in citronella grass (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt). Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 145:372-389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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9
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Zhang J, Wan J, Wu G, Chen D, Yu B, Huang Z, Mao X, Zheng P, Yu J, He J. Low-molecular-weight chitosan relieves enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced growth retardation in weaned pigs. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 78:105798. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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10
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Tabata E, Wakita S, Kashimura A, Sugahara Y, Matoska V, Bauer PO, Oyama F. Residues of acidic chitinase cause chitinolytic activity degrading chitosan in porcine pepsin preparations. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15609. [PMID: 31666642 PMCID: PMC6821832 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Commercially available porcine pepsin preparations have been used for the production of chitooligosaccharides with various biomedical activities. However, the origin of this activity is not well understood. Here we show that the chitosan-degrading activity is conferred by residues with chitinolytic activity of truncated forms of acidic chitinase (Chia) persisting in the pepsin preparation. Chia is an acid-stable and pepsin-resistant enzyme that degrades chitin to produce N-acetyl-D-glucosamine dimer. We found that Chia can be truncated by pepsin under stomach-like conditions while maintaining its enzymatic activity. Similarly to the full-length protein, truncated Chia as well as the pepsin preparations digested chitosan with different degrees of deacetylation (DD: 69-84%) with comparable degradation products. The efficiency was DD-dependent with a marked decrease with higher DD, indicating that the chitosan-degrading activity in the pepsin preparation is due to the chitinolytic activity rather than chitosanolytic activity. We suggest that natural or recombinant porcine Chia are suitable for producing chitooligosaccharides for biomedical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Tabata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (DC1), Koujimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wakita
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Akinori Kashimura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Yasusato Sugahara
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Vaclav Matoska
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Homolka Hospital, Roentgenova 37/2, Prague, 150 00, Czech Republic
| | - Peter O Bauer
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Homolka Hospital, Roentgenova 37/2, Prague, 150 00, Czech Republic.,Bioinova Ltd., Videnska 1083, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Fumitaka Oyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan.
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11
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Kaczmarek MB, Struszczyk-Swita K, Li X, Szczęsna-Antczak M, Daroch M. Enzymatic Modifications of Chitin, Chitosan, and Chitooligosaccharides. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:243. [PMID: 31612131 PMCID: PMC6776590 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin and its N-deacetylated derivative chitosan are two biological polymers that have found numerous applications in recent years, but their further deployment suffers from limitations in obtaining a defined structure of the polymers using traditional conversion methods. The disadvantages of the currently used industrial methods of chitosan manufacturing and the increasing demand for a broad range of novel chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) with a fully defined architecture increase interest in chitin and chitosan-modifying enzymes. Enzymes such as chitinases, chitosanases, chitin deacetylases, and recently discovered lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases had attracted considerable interest in recent years. These proteins are already useful tools toward the biotechnological transformation of chitin into chitosan and chitooligosaccharides, especially when a controlled non-degradative and well-defined process is required. This review describes traditional and novel enzymatic methods of modification of chitin and its derivatives. Recent advances in chitin processing, discovery of increasing number of new, well-characterized enzymes and development of genetic engineering methods result in rapid expansion of the field. Enzymatic modification of chitin and chitosan may soon become competitive to conventional conversion methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Benedykt Kaczmarek
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland.,School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Xingkang Li
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Maurycy Daroch
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
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Abstract
This work reports the study of chitosan depolymerization through the synergy of the Celuzyme® XB enzyme complex; it is composed of cellulase, xylanase, andβ-glucanase. The optimal conditions of temperature, pH, and concentration were determined to verify the depolymerization reaction. The specificity of the enzymes at theβ(1-4) glycosidic link site was checked. Low molecular weight chitosan (64 × 103 g·mol−1) with degree of acetylation 15% was obtained. The depolymerized chitosan products were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, the degree of acetylation was obtained by UV-Vis spectroscopy, and the determination of the molecular weight was obtained by capillary viscosimetry. With the depolymerized chitosan, membranes were formed and their antioxidant and antimicrobial functionality was determined; results show that these properties are dependent on the molecular weight and on the acetylation degree of chitosan.
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13
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Poshina DN, Raik SV, Poshin AN, Skorik YA. Accessibility of chitin and chitosan in enzymatic hydrolysis: A review. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Tsai LC, Tsai ML, Lu KY, Mi FL. Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial and anti-oxidant activity of small molecular chitosan–fucoidan conjugate nanoparticles. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-018-3341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Li R, Sun X, Xu Y, Zhong Q, Wang D. Novel Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Chitosan Derivatives Prepared by Green Grafting with Phenyllactic Acid. FOOD BIOPHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11483-017-9503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Shahriari MH, Atai M, Zandi M, Shokrollahi P, Solhi L. Preparation and characterization of eugenol-loaded oligochitosan nanoparticles through sol–gel and emulsion/sol–gel methods. Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-2196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Gohi BFCA, Zeng HY, Pan AD, Han J, Yuan J. pH Dependence of Chitosan Enzymolysis. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E174. [PMID: 30970852 PMCID: PMC6432485 DOI: 10.3390/polym9050174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As a means of making chitosan more useful in biotechnological applications, it was hydrolyzed using pepsin, chitosanase and α-amylase. The enzymolysis behavior of these enzymes was further systematically studied for its effectiveness in the production of low-molecular-weight chitosans (LMWCs) and other derivatives. The study showed that these enzymes depend on ion hydronium (H3O+), thus on pH with a pH dependence fitting R2 value of 0.99. In y = 1.484[H^+] + 0.114, the equation of pH dependence, when [H^+] increases by one, y (k_0/k_m) increases by 1.484. From the temperature dependence study, the activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (A) were almost identical for two of the enzymes, but a considerable difference was observed in comparison with the third enzyme. Chitosanase and pepsin had nearly identical Ea, but α-amylase was significantly lower. This serves as evidence that the hydrolysis reaction of α-amylase relies on low-barrier hydrogen bonds (LBHBs), which explains its low Ea in actual conditions. The confirmation of this phenomenon was further derived from a similarly considerable difference in the order magnitudes of A between α-amylase and the other two enzymes, which was more than five. Variation of the rate constants of the enzymatic hydrolysis of chitosan with temperature follows the Arrhenius equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Foua Claude Alain Gohi
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.
| | - Hong-Yan Zeng
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.
| | - A Dan Pan
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.
| | - Jing Han
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.
| | - Jian Yuan
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.
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18
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Sánchez Á, Mengíbar M, Rivera-Rodríguez G, Moerchbacher B, Acosta N, Heras A. The effect of preparation processes on the physicochemical characteristics and antibacterial activity of chitooligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:251-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Khan I, Ullah S, Oh DH. Chitosan grafted monomethyl fumaric acid as a potential food preservative. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 152:87-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Krishnan R, Deshmukh P, Agarwal S, Purohit P, Dhoble D, Waske P, Khandekar D, Jain R, Dandekar P. Proton play in the formation of low molecular weight chitosan (LWCS) by hydrolyzing chitosan with a carbon based solid acid. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 151:417-425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Li J, Wu Y, Zhao L. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of chitosan with ultra high molecular weight. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 148:200-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gohi BFCA, Zeng HY, Pan AD. Optimization and Characterization of Chitosan Enzymolysis by Pepsin. Bioengineering (Basel) 2016; 3:bioengineering3030017. [PMID: 28952579 PMCID: PMC5597186 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering3030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pepsin was used to effectively degrade chitosan in order to make it more useful in biotechnological applications. The optimal conditions of enzymolysis were investigated on the basis of the response surface methodology (RSM). The structure of the degraded product was characterized by degree of depolymerization (DD), viscosity, molecular weight, FTIR, UV-VIS, SEM and polydispersity index analyses. The mechanism of chitosan degradation was correlated with cleavage of the glycosidic bond, whereby the chain of chitosan macromolecules was broken into smaller units, resulting in decreasing viscosity. The enzymolysis by pepsin was therefore a potentially applicable technique for the production of low molecular chitosan. Additionally, the substrate degradation kinetics of chitosan were also studied over a range of initial chitosan concentrations (3.0~18.0 g/L) in order to study the characteristics of chitosan degradation. The dependence of the rate of chitosan degradation on the concentration of the chitosan can be described by Haldane’s model. In this model, the initial chitosan concentration above which the pepsin undergoes inhibition is inferred theoretically to be about 10.5 g/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Foua Claude Alain Gohi
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.
| | - Hong-Yan Zeng
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.
| | - A Dan Pan
- Biotechnology Institute, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, Hunan, China.
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Hsiao HL, Lin SB, Chen LC, Chen HH. Hurdle Effect of Antimicrobial Activity Achieved by Time Differential Releasing of Nisin and Chitosan Hydrolysates from Bacterial Cellulose. J Food Sci 2016; 81:M1184-91. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Hsiao
- Dept. of Food Science; National Ilan Univ; 1 Sec. 1, Shen Nung Rd. Ilan city Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Bin Lin
- Dept. of Food Science; National Ilan Univ; 1 Sec. 1, Shen Nung Rd. Ilan city Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Li-Chen Chen
- Dept. of Food Science; National Ilan Univ; 1 Sec. 1, Shen Nung Rd. Ilan city Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hui-Huang Chen
- Dept. of Food Science; National Ilan Univ; 1 Sec. 1, Shen Nung Rd. Ilan city Taiwan, R.O.C
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Li K, Xing R, Liu S, Li P. Advances in preparation, analysis and biological activities of single chitooligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 139:178-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Modulation in the rheological behaviour of porcine pepsin treated guar galactomannan on admixture with κ-carrageenan. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 115:253-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hydrophobically modified chitosan: A bio-based material for antimicrobial active film. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 42:569-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Preparation, physical–chemical and biological characterization of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with lysozyme. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 67:124-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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An J, Ji Z, Wang D, Luo Q, Li X. Preparation and characterization of uniform-sized chitosan/silver microspheres with antibacterial activities. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 36:33-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2013.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Shobha MS, Gowda LR, Tharanathan RN. A novel catalysis by porcine pepsin in debranching guar galactomannan. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 102:615-21. [PMID: 24507326 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pepsin (porcine stomach mucosa, E.C. 3.4.23.1), an acid protease catalyzes the hydrolysis (debranching) of guar galactomannan (GG), a co-polymer of mannose and galactose residues thereby showing its non-specific catalysis towards glycosidic substrates. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Use of non-specific inhibitors, chemical modification agents and peptide mapping of native and GG--bound pepsin upon proteolytic digestion with Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease revealed the involvement of Asp(138) residue in the catalysis, which was confirmed by computational modelling studies. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Here we show a novel mode of catalysis (other than proteolysis) by porcine pepsin with a different active site residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mysore S Shobha
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mysore 570 020, India
| | - Lalitha R Gowda
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Technology, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mysore 570 020, India
| | - Rudrapatam N Tharanathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Mysore 570 020, India.
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Nwe K, Huang CH, Tsourkas A. Gd-labeled glycol chitosan as a pH-responsive magnetic resonance imaging agent for detecting acidic tumor microenvironments. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7862-9. [PMID: 24044414 DOI: 10.1021/jm4012565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neoplastic lesions can create a hostile tumor microenvironment with low extracellular pH. It is commonly believed that these conditions can contribute to tumor progression as well as resistance to therapy. We report the development and characterization of a pH-responsive magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent for imaging the acidic tumor microenvironment. The preparation included the conjugation of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid 1-(2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl) ester (DOTA-NHS) to the surface of a water-soluble glycol chitosan (GC) polymer, which contains pH-titrable primary amines, followed by gadolinium complexation (GC-NH2-GdDOTA). GC-NH2-GdDOTA had a chelate-to-polymer ratio of approximately1:24 and a molar relaxivity of 9.1 mM(-1) s(-1). GC-NH2-GdDOTA demonstrated pH-dependent cellular association in vitro compared to the control. It also generated a 2.4-fold enhancement in signal in tumor-bearing mice 2 h postinjection. These findings suggest that glycol chitosan coupled with contrast agents can provide important diagnostic information about the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kido Nwe
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , 240 Skirkanich Hall, 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia 19104, Pennsylvania, United States
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Tavaria FK, Soares JC, Reis IL, Paulo MH, Malcata FX, Pintado ME. Chitosan: antimicrobial action upon staphylococci after impregnation onto cotton fabric. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 112:1034-41. [PMID: 22380634 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05274.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of viable Staphylococcus aureus, which are often found on inflamed skin surfaces, are usually associated with atopic dermatitis. Textiles, owing to their high specific surface area and intrinsic hydrophilicity, retain moisture while also providing excellent environmental conditions for microbial growth and proliferation. Recently, a number of chemicals have been added to textiles, so as to confer antimicrobial activity. AIMS To evaluate the antimicrobial action of chitosan upon selected skin staphylococci. METHODS AND RESULTS We isolated staphylococci from normal skin of 24 volunteers and studied their survival upon contact with chitosan-impregnated cotton fabric. Low and high molecular weight chitosans were used at two concentrations; all four did effectively reduce the growth of some staphylococci (namely Staph. aureus), by up to 5 log cycles, thus unfolding a potential towards control and even prevention of related skin disorders. CONCLUSION Our data suggest an effective, but selective antibacterial action of chitosans towards skin bacteria. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The possibility to use a natural biopolymer incorporated in a textile to alleviate and even treat some of the symptoms associated with this skin condition may raise an alternative to existing medical treatments. The selectivity observed prevents full elimination of bacteria from the skin surface, which is an advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- F K Tavaria
- Centro de Biologia e Química Fina (CBQF), Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Porto, Portugal
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Rigouin C, Delbarre-Ladrat C, Ratiskol J, Sinquin C, Colliec-Jouault S, Dion M. Screening of enzymatic activities for the depolymerisation of the marine bacterial exopolysaccharide HE800. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 96:143-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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33
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Chitooligosaccharides as Potential Nutraceuticals. MARINE MEDICINAL FOODS - IMPLICATIONS AND APPLICATIONS - ANIMALS AND MICROBES 2012; 65:321-36. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416003-3.00021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Orgaz B, Lobete MM, Puga CH, San Jose C. Effectiveness of chitosan against mature biofilms formed by food related bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:817-28. [PMID: 21340015 PMCID: PMC3039981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12010817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan has proven antimicrobial properties against planktonic cell growth. Little is known, however, about its effects on already established biofilms. Oriented for application in food industry disinfection, the effectiveness of both medium molecular weight (MMW) chitosan and its enzymatically hydrolyzed product was tested against mature biofilms of four pathogenic strains, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica, and a food spoilage species, Pseudomonas fluorescens. Unexpectedly, log reductions were in some cases higher for biofilm than for planktonic cells. One hour exposure to MMW chitosan (1% w/v) caused a 6 log viable cell reduction on L. monocytogenes monospecies mature biofilms and reduced significantly (3-5 log reductions) the attached population of the other organisms tested, except S. aureus. Pronase-treated chitosan was more effective than MMW chitosan on all tested microorganisms, also with the exception of S. aureus, offering best results (8 log units) against the attached cells of B. cereus. These treatments open a new possibility to fight against mature biofilms in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belen Orgaz
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain; E-Mails: (M.M.L.); (C.H.P.); (C.S.)
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Tang H, Zhang P, Kieft TL, Ryan SJ, Baker SM, Wiesmann WP, Rogelj S. Antibacterial action of a novel functionalized chitosan-arginine against Gram-negative bacteria. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:2562-71. [PMID: 20060936 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of chitosan and chitosan derivatives has been well established. However, although several mechanisms have been proposed, the exact mode of action is still unclear. Here we report on the investigation of antibacterial activity and the antibacterial mode of action of a novel water-soluble chitosan derivative, arginine-functionalized chitosan, on the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens and Escherichia coli. Two different arginine-functionalized chitosans (6% arginine-substituted and 30% arginine-substituted) each strongly inhibited P. fluorescens and E. coli growth. Time-dependent killing efficacy experiments showed that 5000 mg l(-1) of 6%- and 30%-substituted chitosan-arginine killed 2.7 logs and 4.5 logs of P. fluorescens, and 4.8 logs and 4.6 logs of E. coli in 4h, respectively. At low concentrations, the 6%-substituted chitosan-arginine was more effective in inhibiting cell growth even though the 30%-substituted chitosan-arginine appeared to be more effective in permeabilizing the cell membranes of both P. fluorescens and E. coli. Studies using fluorescent probes, 1-N-phenyl-naphthylamine (NPN), nile red (NR) and propidium iodide (PI), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) suggest that chitosan-arginine's antibacterial activity is, at least in part, due to its interaction with the cell membrane, in which it increases membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Tang
- Biology Department, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801, USA.
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36
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Alonso D, Gimeno M, Sepúlveda-Sánchez JD, Shirai K. Chitosan-based microcapsules containing grapefruit seed extract grafted onto cellulose fibers by a non-toxic procedure. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:854-9. [PMID: 20167308 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel non-toxic procedure is described for the grafting of chitosan-based microcapsules containing grapefruit seed oil extract onto cellulose. The cellulose was previously UV-irradiated and then functionalized from an aqueous emulsion of the chitosan with the essential oil. The novel materials are readily attained with durable fragrance and enhanced antimicrobial properties. The incorporation of chitosan as determined from the elemental analyses data was 16.08+/-0.29 mg/g of sample. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) provided further evidence for the successful attachment of chitosan microcapsules containing the essential oil to the treated cellulose fibers. The materials thus produced displayed 100% inhibition of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis up to 48 h of incubation. Inhibition of bacteria by the essential oil was also evaluated at several concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Alonso
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, Mexico City, Mexico
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Low molecular weight chitosan prepared with the aid of cellulase, lysozyme and chitinase: Characterisation and antibacterial activity. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Li N, Zhuang C, Wang M, Sun X, Nie S, Pan W. Liposome coated with low molecular weight chitosan and its potential use in ocular drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2009; 379:131-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 05/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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39
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Ji QX, Zhong DY, Lü R, Zhang WQ, Deng J, Chen XG. In vitro evaluation of the biomedical properties of chitosan and quaternized chitosan for dental applications. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:1297-302. [PMID: 19535044 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential dental applications of chitosan (CS) and N-[1-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride (HTCC). HTCC was prepared by reacting CS with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC). CS and HTCC were characterized by infrared (FITR) and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of CS and HTCC against oral pathogens, their proliferation activity and effects on the ultrastructure of human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs) were investigated. The results indicated that four oral strains were susceptible to CS and HTCC with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.25 to 2.5mg/mL. The in vitro 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thizolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay determined that CS at 2000, 1000, 100, and 50microg/mL could stimulate the proliferation of HPDLCs. Instead, HTCC inhibited the proliferation at the same concentrations but accelerated the proliferation of HPDLCs at relatively low concentrations (10, 3, 1.5, 1, and 0.3microg/mL). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations revealed that the ultra-architecture of HPDLC was seriously destroyed by HTCC treatment at 1000microg/mL. Taken together, these results contribute information necessary to enhance our understanding of CS and HTCC in the dental field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Xia Ji
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, 16# Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266001, PR China.
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