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Jin Y, Ding X, Li J, Guo Z. Isolation and characterization of wheat ice recrystallisation inhibition gene promoter involved in low temperature and methyl jasmonate responses. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1969-1979. [PMID: 36573144 PMCID: PMC9789242 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that plant growth, development, survival and geographical distribution are constrained by extreme climatic conditions, especially extreme low temperature. Under cold stress, cold-inducible promoters were identified as important molecular switches to transcriptionally regulate the initiation of genes associated with cold acclimation processes and enhance the adaptability of plants to cold stimulation. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most dominating food crops in the world, and wheat crops are generally overwintering with strong cold resistance. Our previous study already proved that heterologous expression of wheat ice recrystallization inhibition (IRI) genes enhanced freezing tolerance in tobacco. However, the upstream regulatory mechanisms of TaIRI are ambiguous. In this study, the space-time specific expression of TaIRI genes in wheat was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and results showed that the expression of TaIRI in all tissues was cold-induced and accelerate by exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Three promoters of TaIRI genes were isolated from wheat genome, and various 5'-deletion fragments of TaIRIp were integrated into β-glucuronidase (GUS) within vector pCAMBIA1301. The promoter activity of TaIRI genes was determined through transient expression system of tobacco and stable expression of Arabidopsis thaliana. Results revealed that the GUS activity were significantly strengthened by cold and MeJA treatments. This study will provide insights into elucidating the transcription-regulatory mechanism of IRI proteins responding to low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Jin
- College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, 536 Huolinhe Street West, Tongliao City, 028043 Inner Mongolia China
| | - Xihan Ding
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Street, Shenyang City, 110866 Liaoning China
| | - Jianbo Li
- College of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028043 China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Forage Crops in Inner Mongolia, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, 028043 China
| | - Zhifu Guo
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Street, Shenyang City, 110866 Liaoning China
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Cortés‐Gómez M, Llorens‐Álvarez E, Alom J, del Ser T, Avila J, Sáez‐Valero J, García‐Ayllón M. Tau phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase 3β modulates enzyme acetylcholinesterase expression. J Neurochem 2020; 157:2091-2105. [PMID: 32955735 PMCID: PMC8359467 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) co‐localizes with hyperphosphorylated tau (P‐tau) within neurofibrillary tangles. Having demonstrated that AChE expression is increased in the transgenic mouse model of tau Tg‐VLW, here we examined whether modulating phosphorylated tau levels by over‐expressing wild‐type human tau and glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK3β) influences AChE expression. In SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells expressing higher levels of P‐tau, AChE activity and protein increased by (20% ± 2%) and (440% ± 150%), respectively. Western blots and qPCR assays showed that this increment mostly corresponded to the cholinergic ACHE‐T variant, for which the protein and transcript levels increased ~60% and ~23%, respectively. Moreover, in SH‐SY5Y cells differentiated into neurons by exposure to retinoic acid (10 µM), over‐expression of GSK3β and tau provokes an imbalance in cholinergic activity with a decrease in the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the cell (45 ± 10%). Finally, we obtained cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from AD patients enrolled on a clinical trial of tideglusib, an irreversible GSK3β inhibitor. In CSF of patients that received a placebo, there was an increase in AChE activity (35 ± 16%) respect to basal levels, probably because of their treatment with AChE inhibitors. However, this increase was not observed in tideglusib‐treated patients. Moreover, CSF levels of P‐tau at the beginning measured by commercially ELISA kits correlated with AChE activity. In conclusion, this study shows that P‐tau can modulate AChE expression and it suggests that AChE may possibly increase in the initial phases of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María‐Ángeles Cortés‐Gómez
- Hospital General Universitario de ElcheFISABIOUnidad de InvestigaciónElcheSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de AlicanteUniversidad Miguel Hernández‐CSICSant Joan d’AlacantSpain
| | - Esther Llorens‐Álvarez
- Hospital General Universitario de ElcheFISABIOUnidad de InvestigaciónElcheSpain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de AlicanteUniversidad Miguel Hernández‐CSICSant Joan d’AlacantSpain
| | - Jordi Alom
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
- Servicio de NeurologíaHospital General Universitario de ElcheFISABIOElcheSpain
| | - Teodoro del Ser
- Alzheimer’s Disease Investigation Research UnitCIEN FoundationQueen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Research CenterMadridSpain
| | - Jesús Avila
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
- Department of Molecular NeuropathologyCentro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Ochoa'CBMSOCSIC‐UAMMadridSpain
| | - Javier Sáez‐Valero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de AlicanteUniversidad Miguel Hernández‐CSICSant Joan d’AlacantSpain
| | - María‐Salud García‐Ayllón
- Hospital General Universitario de ElcheFISABIOUnidad de InvestigaciónElcheSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)MadridSpain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de AlicanteUniversidad Miguel Hernández‐CSICSant Joan d’AlacantSpain
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Lv W, Wu J, Xu Z, Dai H, Ma Z, Wang Z. The putative histone-like transcription factor FgHltf1 is required for vegetative growth, sexual reproduction, and virulence in Fusarium graminearum. Curr Genet 2019; 65:981-994. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-00953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Jin Y, Zhai S, Wang W, Ding X, Guo Z, Bai L, Wang S. Identification of genes from the ICE-CBF-COR pathway under cold stress in Aegilops- Triticum composite group and the evolution analysis with those from Triticeae. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 29515316 PMCID: PMC5834981 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Adverse environmental conditions limit various aspects of plant growth, productivity, and ecological distribution. To get more insights into the signaling pathways under low temperature, we identified 10 C-repeat binding factors (CBFs), 9 inducer of CBF expression (ICEs) and 10 cold-responsive (CORs) genes from Aegilops-Triticum composite group under cold stress. Conserved amino acids analysis revealed that all CBF, ICE, COR contained specific and typical functional domains. Phylogenetic analysis of CBF proteins from Triticeae showed that these CBF homologs were divided into 11 groups. CBFs from Triticum were found in every group, which shows that these CBFs generated prior to the divergence of the subfamilies of Triticeae. The evolutionary relationship among the ICE and COR proteins in Poaceae were divided into four groups with high multispecies specificity, respectively. Moreover, expression analysis revealed that mRNA accumulation was altered by cold treatment and the genes of three types involved in the ICE-CBF-COR signaling pathway were induced by cold stress. Together, the results make CBF, ICE, COR genes family in Triticeae more abundant, and provide a starting point for future studies on transcriptional regulatory network for improvement of chilling tolerance in crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya’nan Jin
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 Liaoning China
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 Liaoning China
| | - Shanshan Zhai
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 Liaoning China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 Liaoning China
| | - Xihan Ding
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 Liaoning China
| | - Zhifu Guo
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 Liaoning China
| | - Liping Bai
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 Liaoning China
| | - Shu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866 Liaoning China
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Fragoso-Medina J, Rodriguez G, Zarain-Herzberg A. The CCAAT box in the proximal SERCA2 gene promoter regulates basal and stress-induced transcription in cardiomyocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 442:19-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lu X, Yang L, Yu M, Lai J, Wang C, McNeil D, Zhou M, Yang C. A novel Zea mays ssp. mexicana L. MYC-type ICE-like transcription factor gene ZmmICE1, enhances freezing tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 113:78-88. [PMID: 28189052 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The annual Zea mays ssp. mexicana L., a member of the teosinte group, is a close wild relative of maize and thus can be effectively used in maize improvement. In this study, an ICE-like gene, ZmmICE1, was isolated from a cDNA library of RNA-Seq from cold-treated seedling tissues of Zea mays ssp. mexicana L. The deduced protein of ZmmICE1 contains a highly conserved basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain and C-terminal region of ICE-like proteins. The ZmmICE1 protein localizes to the nucleus and shows sumoylation when expressed in an Escherichia coli reconstitution system. In addition, yeast one hybrid assays indicated that ZmmICE1 has transactivation activities. Moreover, ectopic expression of ZmmICE1 in the Arabidopsis ice1-2 mutant increased freezing tolerance. The ZmmICE1 overexpressed plants showed lower electrolyte leakage (EL), reduced contents of malondialdehyde (MDA). The expression of downstream cold related genes of Arabidopsis C-repeat-binding factors (AtCBF1, AtCBF2 and AtCBF3), cold-responsive genes (AtCOR15A and AtCOR47), kinesin-1 member gene (AtKIN1) and responsive to desiccation gene (AtRD29A) was significantly induced when compared with wild type under low temperature treatment. Taken together, these results indicated that ZmmICE1 is the homolog of Arabidopsis inducer of CBF expression genes (AtICE1/2) and plays an important role in the regulation of freezing stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lu
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, PO Box 46, Kings Meadows, TAS 7249, Australia; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Mengyuan Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Jianbin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - David McNeil
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, PO Box 46, Kings Meadows, TAS 7249, Australia.
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, PO Box 46, Kings Meadows, TAS 7249, Australia.
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Dongli Planting and Farming Industrial Co., LTD, Lianzhou 513400, China.
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7
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Lu X, Zhou X, Cao Y, Zhou M, McNeil D, Liang S, Yang C. RNA-seq Analysis of Cold and Drought Responsive Transcriptomes of Zea mays ssp. mexicana L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:136. [PMID: 28223998 PMCID: PMC5293773 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The annual Zea mays ssp. mexicana L. is a member of teosinte, a wild relative of the Zea mays spp. mays L. This subspecies has strong growth and regeneration ability, high tiller numbers, high protein and lysine content as well as resistance to many fungal diseases, and it can be effectively used in maize improvement. In this study, we reported a Zea mays ssp. mexicana L. transcriptome by merging data from untreated control (CK), cold (4°C) and drought (PEG2000, 20%) treated plant samples. A total of 251,145 transcripts (N50 = 1,269 bp) and 184,280 unigenes (N50 = 923 bp) were predicted, which code for homologs of near 47% of the published maize proteome. Under cold conditions, 2,232 and 817 genes were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, while fewer genes were up-regulated (532) and down-regulated (82) under drought stress, indicating that Zea mays ssp. mexicana L. is more sensitive to the applied cold rather than to the applied drought stresses. Functional enrichment analyses identified many common or specific biological processes and gene sets in response to drought and cold stresses. The ABA dependent pathway, trehalose synthetic pathway and the ICE1-CBF pathway were up-regulated by both stresses. GA associated genes have been shown to differentially regulate the responses to cold in close subspecies in Zea mays. These findings and the identified functional genes can provide useful clues for improving abiotic stress tolerance of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of TasmaniaKings Meadows, TAS, Australia
- College of Pratacultural Science, Gansu Agriculture UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of TasmaniaKings Meadows, TAS, Australia
| | - David McNeil
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of TasmaniaKings Meadows, TAS, Australia
| | - Shan Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Dongli Planting and Farming Industrial Co., LTDLianzhou, China
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Campoy FJ, Vidal CJ, Muñoz-Delgado E, Montenegro MF, Cabezas-Herrera J, Nieto-Cerón S. Cholinergic system and cell proliferation. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 259:257-265. [PMID: 27083142 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The cholinergic system, comprising acetylcholine, the proteins responsible for acetylcholine synthesis and release, acetylcholine receptors and cholinesterases, is expressed by most human cell types. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter, but also a local signalling molecule which regulates basic cell functions, and cholinergic responses are involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis. So, activation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors has a proliferative and anti-apoptotic effect in many cells. The content of choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholine receptors and cholinesterases is altered in many tumours, and cholinesterase content correlates with patient survival in some cancers. During apoptosis, acetylcholinesterase is induced and appears in the nuclei. Acetylcholinesterase participates in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis through hydrolysis of acetylcholine and by other catalytic and non catalytic mechanisms, in a variant-specific manner. This review gathers information on the role of cholinergic system and specially acetylcholinesterase in cell proliferation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Campoy
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
| | - C J Vidal
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - E Muñoz-Delgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - M F Montenegro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", E-30071 Murcia, Spain
| | - J Cabezas-Herrera
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarker Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, E-30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - S Nieto-Cerón
- Molecular Therapy and Biomarker Research Group, Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB-Arrixaca, E-30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
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9
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Zhang XJ, Greenberg DS. Acetylcholinesterase involvement in apoptosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2012; 5:40. [PMID: 22514517 PMCID: PMC3322359 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2012.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, more than 40 different types of cells from primary cultures or cell lines have shown AChE expression during apoptosis and after the induction apoptosis by different stimuli. It has been well-established that increased AChE expression or activity is detected in apoptotic cells after apoptotic stimuli in vitro and in vivo, and AChE could be therefore used as a marker of apoptosis. AChE is not an apoptosis initiator, but the cells in which AChE is overexpressed undergo apoptosis more easily than controls. Interestingly, cells with downregulated levels of AChE are not sensitive to apoptosis induction and AChE deficiency can protect against apoptosis. Some tumor cells do not express AChE, but when AChE is introduced into a tumor cell, the cells cease to proliferate and undergo apoptosis more readily. Therefore, AChE can be classified as a tumor suppressor gene. AChE plays a pivotal role in apoptosome formation, and silencing of the AChE gene prevents caspase-9 activation, with consequent decreased cell viability, nuclear condensation, and poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase cleavage. AChE is translocated into the nucleus, which may be an important event during apoptosis. Several questions still need to be addressed, and further studies that address the non-classical function of AChE in apoptosis are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China
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Bronicki LM, Jasmin BJ. Trans-acting factors governing acetylcholinesterase mRNA metabolism in neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2012; 5:36. [PMID: 22461767 PMCID: PMC3309972 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2012.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most characterized function of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is to terminate cholinergic signaling at neuron-neuron and neuro-muscular synapses. In addition, AChE is causally or casually implicated in neuronal development, stress-response, cognition, and neurodegenerative diseases. Given the importance of AChE, many studies have focused on identifying the molecular mechanisms that govern its expression. Despite these efforts, post-transcriptional control of AChE mRNA expression is still relatively unclear. Here, we review the trans-acting factors and cis-acting elements that are known to control AChE pre-mRNA splicing, mature mRNA stability and translation. Moreover, since the Hu/ELAV family of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have emerged in recent years as “master” post-transcriptional regulators, we discuss the possibility that predominantly neuronal ELAVs (nELAVs) play multiple roles in regulating splicing, stability, localization, and translation of AChE mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M Bronicki
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON, Canada
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Dolfini D, Gatta R, Mantovani R. NF-Y and the transcriptional activation of CCAAT promoters. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 47:29-49. [PMID: 22050321 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2011.628970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The CCAAT box promoter element and NF-Y, the transcription factor (TF) that binds to it, were among the first cis-elements and trans-acting factors identified; their interplay is required for transcriptional activation of a sizeable number of eukaryotic genes. NF-Y consists of three evolutionarily conserved subunits: a dimer of NF-YB and NF-YC which closely resembles a histone, and the "innovative" NF-YA. In this review, we will provide an update on the functional and biological features that make NF-Y a fundamental link between chromatin and transcription. The last 25 years have witnessed a spectacular increase in our knowledge of how genes are regulated: from the identification of cis-acting sequences in promoters and enhancers, and the biochemical characterization of the corresponding TFs, to the merging of chromatin studies with the investigation of enzymatic machines that regulate epigenetic states. Originally identified and studied in yeast and mammals, NF-Y - also termed CBF and CP1 - is composed of three subunits, NF-YA, NF-YB and NF-YC. The complex recognizes the CCAAT pentanucleotide and specific flanking nucleotides with high specificity (Dorn et al., 1997; Hatamochi et al., 1988; Hooft van Huijsduijnen et al, 1987; Kim & Sheffery, 1990). A compelling set of bioinformatics studies clarified that the NF-Y preferred binding site is one of the most frequent promoter elements (Suzuki et al., 2001, 2004; Elkon et al., 2003; Mariño-Ramírez et al., 2004; FitzGerald et al., 2004; Linhart et al., 2005; Zhu et al., 2005; Lee et al., 2007; Abnizova et al., 2007; Grskovic et al., 2007; Halperin et al., 2009; Häkkinen et al., 2011). The same consensus, as determined by mutagenesis and SELEX studies (Bi et al., 1997), was also retrieved in ChIP-on-chip analysis (Testa et al., 2005; Ceribelli et al., 2006; Ceribelli et al., 2008; Reed et al., 2008). Additional structural features of the CCAAT box - position, orientation, presence of multiple Transcriptional Start Sites - were previously reviewed (Dolfini et al., 2009) and will not be considered in detail here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Dolfini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Gao W, Zhu H, Zhang JY, Zhang XJ. Calcium signaling-induced Smad3 nuclear accumulation induces acetylcholinesterase transcription in apoptotic HeLa cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:2181-93. [PMID: 19468687 PMCID: PMC11115644 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been studied as an important apoptosis regulator. We previously showed that cellular calcium mobilization upregulated AChE expression by modulating promoter activity and mRNA stability. In this study, we have identified a potential Smad3/4 binding element, TGCCAGACA, located within the -601 to -571 bp fragment of the AChE promoter, as an important calcium response motif. Smad2/3 and Smad4 were shown to bind this element. Overexpression of human Smad3 increased AChE transcription activity in a dose-dependent manner in HeLa cells, whereas dominant-negative Smad3 blocked this activation. Upon A23187 and thapsigargin treatment, nuclear Smad3 accumulation was observed, an effect that was blocked by the intracellular Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA-AM. Calcium-induced AChE transcriptional activation was significantly blocked when the nuclear localization signal of Smad3 was destroyed. Taken together, our data suggest Smad3 can regulate AChE transcriptional activation following calcium-induced nuclear accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 YueYang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 YueYang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Jing-Ya Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 YueYang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Xue-Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 YueYang Road, Shanghai, 200031 China
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Pro-apoptotic protein-protein interactions of the extended N-AChE terminus. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2009; 116:1435-42. [PMID: 19533292 PMCID: PMC2773036 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-009-0249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The N-terminally extended “synaptic” acetylcholinesterase variant N-AChE-S operates to promote apoptosis; however, the protein partners involved in this function remain unknown. Here, we report that when microinjected to fertilized mouse oocytes, N-AChE-S caused embryonic death as early as the zygotic stage. To identify the putative protein partners involved, we first tried yeast two hybrid screening, but this approach failed, probably because of the N-AChE-S-induced lethality. In contrast, sequence analysis and a corresponding peptide array revealed possible partners, which were validated by co-immunoprecipitation. These include the kinases GSK3, Aurora and GAK, the membrane integrin receptors, and the death receptor FAS. Each of these could potentially modulate N-AChE-S-induced apoptosis with possible therapeutic value for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase is indispensable for terminating acetylcholine-mediated neurotransmission at cholinergic synapses. In addition, there is evidence to suggest that acetylcholinesterase contributes to various physiological processes through its involvement in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. The effects of acetylcholinesterase depend on the cell type and cell-differentiation state, the modulation of expression levels, cellular distribution and binding with its protein partners. This minireview highlights recent progress that has advanced our understanding of the role of acetylcholinesterase in the process of cell proliferation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Jiang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, China
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