1
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Kennedy V, Kaszecki E, Donaldson ME, Saville BJ. The impact of elevated sulfur and nitrogen levels on cadmium tolerance in Euglena species. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11734. [PMID: 38777815 PMCID: PMC11111685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61964-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) pollution threatens human and ecosystem health. Current methods for remediating water contaminated with HMs are expensive and have limited effect. Therefore, bioremediation is being investigated as an environmentally and economically viable alternative. Freshwater protists Euglena gracilis and Euglena mutabilis were investigated for their tolerance to cadmium (Cd). A greater increase in cell numbers under Cd stress was noted for E. mutabilis but only E. gracilis showed an increase in Cd tolerance following pre-treatment with elevated concentrations of S or N. To gain insight regarding the nature of the increased tolerance RNA-sequencing was carried out on E. gracilis. This revealed transcript level changes among pretreated cells, and additional differences among cells exposed to CdCl2. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis reflected changes in S and N metabolism, transmembrane transport, stress response, and physiological processes related to metal binding. Identifying these changes enhances our understanding of how these organisms adapt to HM polluted environments and allows us to target development of future pre-treatments to enhance the use of E. gracilis in bioremediation relating to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Kennedy
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Emma Kaszecki
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Michael E Donaldson
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
- Forensic Science Department, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Barry J Saville
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada.
- Forensic Science Department, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada.
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2
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Zhao Q, Wu QL, Wang HZ, Si QS, Sun LS, Li DN, Ren NQ, Guo WQ. Attenuation effects of ZVI/PDS pretreatment on propagation of antibiotic resistance genes in bioreactors: Driven by antibiotic residues and sulfate assimilation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132054. [PMID: 37473569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) combined biological system was a promising technology for treating antibiotic wastewater. However, how pretreatment influence antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) propagation remains largely elusive, especially the produced by-products (antibiotic residues and sulfate) are often ignored. Herein, we investigated the effects of zero valent iron/persulfate pretreatment on ARGs in bioreactors treating sulfadiazine wastewater. Results showed absolute and relative abundance of ARGs reduced by 59.8%- 81.9% and 9.1%- 52.9% after pretreatments. The effect of 90-min pretreatment was better than that of the 30-min. The ARGs reduction was due to decreased antibiotic residues and stimulated sulfate assimilation. Reduced antibiotic residues was a major factor in ARGs attenuation, which could suppress oxidative stress, inhibit mobile genetic elements emergence and resistant strains proliferation. The presence of sulfate in influent supplemented microbial sulfur sources and facilitated the in-situ synthesis of antioxidant cysteine through sulfate assimilation, which drove ARGs attenuation by alleviating oxidative stress. This is the first detailed analysis about the regulatory mechanism of how sulfate radical-based AOPs mediate in ARGs attenuation, which is expected to provide theoretical basis for solving concerns about by-products and developing practical methods to hinder ARGs propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Qing-Lian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Hua-Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Qi-Shi Si
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Lu-Shi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - De-Nian Li
- Laboratory for Integrated Technology of "Urban and Rural Mines" Exploitation, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2 Nengyuan Road, Wushan, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, PR China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Wan-Qian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
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3
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Pradhan B, Bhuyan PP, Nayak R, Patra S, Behera C, Ki JS, Ragusa A, Lukatkin AS, Jena M. Microalgal Phycoremediation: A Glimpse into a Sustainable Environment. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10090525. [PMID: 36136490 PMCID: PMC9502476 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10090525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are continually exposed to heavy metals and metalloids (HMMs), which stifles their development and reproduction due to the resulting physiological and metabolic abnormalities, leading to lower crop productivity. They must thus change their way of adapting to survive in such a hostile environment without sacrificing their healthy growth, development, reproductive capacity, or survival. The mode of adaptation involves a complex relationship of signalling cascades that govern gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, which consequently produces altered but adapted biochemical and physiochemical parameters. Algae have been reported to have altered their physicochemical and molecular perspectives as a result of exposure to a variety of HMMs. Hence, in this review, we focused on how microalgae alter their physicochemical and molecular characteristics as a tolerance mechanism in response to HMM-induced stress. Furthermore, physiological and biotechnological methods can be used to enhance extracellular absorption and clean up. The introduction of foreign DNA into microalgae cells and the genetic alteration of genes can boost the bio-accumulation and remediation capabilities of microalgae. In this regard, microalgae represent an excellent model organism and could be used for HMM removal in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajita Pradhan
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, Odisha, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Prajna Paramita Bhuyan
- Department of Botany, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada 757003, Odisha, India
| | - Rabindra Nayak
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, Odisha, India
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769001, Odisha, India
| | - Chhandashree Behera
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, Odisha, India
| | - Jang-Seu Ki
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Andrea Ragusa
- CNR-Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Alexander S. Lukatkin
- Department of General Biology and Ecology, N.P. Ogarev Mordovia State University, Bolshevistskaja Str., 430005 Saransk, Russia
| | - Mrutyunjay Jena
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, Odisha, India
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4
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Danouche M, El Ghachtouli N, El Arroussi H. Phycoremediation mechanisms of heavy metals using living green microalgae: physicochemical and molecular approaches for enhancing selectivity and removal capacity. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07609. [PMID: 34355100 PMCID: PMC8322293 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) contamination of water bodies is a serious global environmental problem. Because they are not biodegradable, they can accumulate in food chains, causing various signs of toxicity to exposed organisms, including humans. Due to its effectiveness, low cost, and ecological aspect, phycoremediation, or the use of microalgae's ecological functions in the treatment of HMs contaminated wastewater, is one of the most recommended processes. This study aims to examine in depth the mechanisms involved in the phycoremediation of HMs by microalgae, it also provides an overview of the prospects for improving the productivity, selectivity, and cost-effectiveness of this bioprocess through physicochemical and genetic engineering applications. Firstly, this review proposes a detailed examination of the biosorption interactions between cell wall functional groups and HMs, and their complexation with extracellular polymeric substances released by microalgae in the extracellular environment under stress conditions. Subsequently, the metal transporters involved in the intracellular bioaccumulation of HMs as well as the main intracellular mechanisms including compartmentalization in cell organelles, enzymatic biotransformation, or photoreduction of HMs were also extensively reviewed. In the last section, future perspectives of physicochemical and genetic approaches that could be used to improve the phytoremediation process in terms of removal efficiency, selectivity for a targeted metal, or reduction of treatment time and cost are discussed, which paves the way for large-scale application of phytoremediation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Danouche
- Green Biotechnology Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), Rabat, Morocco
- Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules Laboratory, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Naïma El Ghachtouli
- Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules Laboratory, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Hicham El Arroussi
- Green Biotechnology Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MAScIR), Rabat, Morocco
- AgroBioScience (AgBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Benguerir, Morocco
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5
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Evaluating the efficiency of Nostoc commune, Oscillatoria limosa and Chlorella vulgaris in a phycoremediation of heavy metals contaminated industrial wastewater. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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6
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Hernández-Garnica M, García-García JD, Moreno-Sánchez R, Sánchez-Thomas R. Lead accumulation in photosynthetic Euglena gracilis depends on polyphosphates and calcium. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:116007. [PMID: 33246766 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide increasing levels of lead in water systems require the search for efficient ecologically friendly strategies to remove it. Hence, lead accumulation by the free-living algae-like Euglena gracilis and its effects on cellular growth, respiration, photosynthesis, chlorophyll, calcium, and levels of thiol- and phosphate-molecules were analyzed. Photosynthetic cells were able to accumulate 4627 mg lead/kgDW after 5 days of culture with 200 μM Pb2+. Nevertheless, exposure to 50, 100 and 200 μM Pb2+ for up to 8 days did not modify growth, viability, chlorophyll content and oxygen consumption/production. Enhanced biosynthesis of thiol molecules and polyphosphates, i.e. the two canonical metal ion chelation mechanisms in E. gracilis, was not induced under such conditions. However, in cells cultured in the absence of phosphate, lead accumulation and polyphosphate content markedly decreased, while culturing in the absence of sulfate did not modify the accumulation of this metal. In turn, the total amount of intracellular calcium slightly increased as the amount of intracellular lead increased, whereas under Ca2+ deficiency lead accumulation doubled. Therefore, the results indicated that E. gracilis is highly resistant to lead through mechanisms mediated by polyphosphates and Ca2+ and can in fact be classified as a lead hyperaccumulator microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hernández-Garnica
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F., 14080, Mexico
| | - J D García-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F., 14080, Mexico
| | - R Moreno-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F., 14080, Mexico
| | - R Sánchez-Thomas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F., 14080, Mexico.
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7
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García-García J, Sánchez-Thomas R, Saavedra E, Fernández-Velasco D, Romero-Romero S, Casanova-Figueroa K, Mendoza-Cózatl D, Moreno-Sánchez R. Mapping the metal-catalytic site of a zinc-activated phytochelatin synthase. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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8
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Qin H, Hu T, Zhai Y, Lu N, Aliyeva J. The improved methods of heavy metals removal by biosorbents: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113777. [PMID: 31864928 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For decades, a vast array of innovative biosorbents have been found out and used in the removal of heavy metals, including bacteria, algae and fungi, etc. Although extensive biological species have been tried as a biosorbent for heavy metals removal, for removal efficiency or economy efficiency limited, it has failed to make a substantial breakthrough in practical application. Thus, many improved methods based on biosorbents emerged. In this review, based on the literature and our research results, we highlight three types of novel methods for biosorbents removal of heavy metals: chemical modification of biosorbents; biomass and chemical materials combination; multiple biomass complex systems. We mainly focus on their configuration, biosorption performance, their creation method, regeneration/reuse, their application and development in the future. Through the comparative analysis of various methods, we think that intracellular autogenous nanomaterials may open up another window in biosorption of heavy metals area. At the same time, the combination of various treatment methods will be the development tendency of heavy metal pollution treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Qin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Tianjue Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Yunbo Zhai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Ningqin Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Jamila Aliyeva
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
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9
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10
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Resveratrol inhibits cancer cell proliferation by impairing oxidative phosphorylation and inducing oxidative stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 370:65-77. [PMID: 30878505 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The resveratrol (RSV) efficacy to affect the proliferation of several cancer cell lines was initially examined. RSV showed higher potency to decrease growth of metastatic HeLa and MDA-MB-231 (IC50 = 200-250 μM) cells than of low metastatic MCF-7, SiHa and A549 (IC50 = 400-500 μM) and non-cancer HUVEC and 3T3 (IC50≥600 μM) cells after 48 h exposure. In order to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms underlying RSV anti-cancer effects, the energy metabolic pathways and the oxidative stress metabolism were analyzed in HeLa cells as metastatic-type cell model. RSV (200 μM/48 h) significantly decreased both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) protein contents (30-90%) and fluxes (40-70%) vs. non-treated cells. RSV (100 μM/1-5 min) also decreased at a greater extent OxPhos flux (net ADP-stimulated respiration) of isolated tumor mitochondria (> 50%) than of non-tumor mitochondria (< 50%), particularly with succinate as oxidizable substrate. In addition, RSV promoted an excessive cellular ROS (2-3 times) production corresponding with a significant decrement in the SOD activity (but not in its content) and GSH levels; whereas the catalase, glutahione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase activities (but not their contents) remained unchanged. RSV (200 μM/48 h) also induced cellular death although not by apoptosis but rather by promoting a strong mitophagy activation (65%). In conclusion, RSV impaired OxPhos by inducing mitophagy and ROS over-production, which in turn halted metastatic HeLa cancer cell growth.
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11
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García-García JD, Peña-Sanabria KA, Sánchez-Thomas R, Moreno-Sánchez R. Nickel accumulation by the green algae-like Euglena gracilis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 343:10-18. [PMID: 28938155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nickel accumulation and nickel effects on cellular growth, respiration, photosynthesis, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, and levels of thiols, histidine and phosphate-molecules were determined in Euglena gracilis. Cells incubated with 0.5-1mM NiCl2 showed impairment of O2 consumption, photosynthesis, Chl a+b content and APX activity whereas cellular integrity and viability were unaltered. Nickel accumulation was depressed by Mg2+ and Cu2+, while Ca2+, Co2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+ were innocuous. The growth half-inhibitory concentrations for Ni2+ in the culture medium supplemented with 2 or 0.2mM Mg2+ were 0.43 or 0.03mM Ni2+, respectively. Maximal nickel accumulation (1362mg nickel/Kg DW) was achieved in cells exposed to 1mM Ni2+ for 24h in the absence of Mg2+ and Cu2+; accumulated nickel was partially released after 72h. GSH polymers content increased or remained unchanged in cells exposed to 0.05-1mM Ni2+; however, GSH, cysteine, γ-glutamylcysteine, and phosphate-molecules all decreased after 72h. Histidine content increased in cells stressed with 0.05 and 0.5mM Ni2+ for 24h but not at longer times. It was concluded that E. gracilis can accumulate high nickel levels depending on the external Mg2+ and Cu2+ concentrations, in a process in which thiols, histidine and phosphate-molecules have a moderate contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D García-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México, D.F. 14080, México.
| | - K A Peña-Sanabria
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México, D.F. 14080, México
| | - R Sánchez-Thomas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México, D.F. 14080, México
| | - R Moreno-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México, D.F. 14080, México
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12
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Huang D, Guo X, Peng Z, Zeng G, Xu P, Gong X, Deng R, Xue W, Wang R, Yi H, Liu C. White rot fungi and advanced combined biotechnology with nanomaterials: promising tools for endocrine-disrupting compounds biotransformation. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:671-689. [PMID: 29082760 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1386613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) can interfere with endocrine systems and bio-accumulate through the food chain and even decrease biodiversity in contaminated areas. This review discusses a critical overview of recent research progress in the biotransformation of EDCs (including polychlorinated biphenyl and nonylphenol, and suspected EDCs such as heavy metals and sulfonamide antibiotics) by white rot fungi (WRF) based on techniques with an emphasis on summarizing and analyzing fungal molecular, metabolic and genetic mechanisms. Not only intracellular metabolism which seems to perform essential roles in the ability of WRF to transform EDCs, but also advanced applications are deeply discussed. This review mainly reveals the removal pathway of heavy metal and antibiotic pollutants because the single pollution almost did not exist in a real environment while the combined pollution has become more serious and close to people's life. The trends in WRF technology and its related advanced applications which use the combined technology, including biocatalysis of WRF and adsorption of nanomaterials, to degrade EDCs have also been introduced. Furthermore, challenges and future research needs EDCs biotransformation by WRF are also discussed. This research, referring to metabolic mechanisms and the combined technology of WRF with nanomaterials, undoubtedly contributes to the applications of biotechnology. This review will be of great benefit to an understanding of the trends in biotechnology for the removal of EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlian Huang
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha , China.,b Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education , Changsha , China
| | - Xueying Guo
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha , China.,b Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education , Changsha , China
| | - Zhiwei Peng
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha , China.,b Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education , Changsha , China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha , China.,b Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education , Changsha , China
| | - Piao Xu
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha , China.,b Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education , Changsha , China
| | - Xiaomin Gong
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha , China.,b Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education , Changsha , China
| | - Rui Deng
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha , China.,b Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education , Changsha , China
| | - Wenjing Xue
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha , China.,b Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education , Changsha , China
| | - Rongzhong Wang
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha , China.,b Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education , Changsha , China
| | - Huan Yi
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha , China.,b Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education , Changsha , China
| | - Caihong Liu
- a College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University , Changsha , China.,b Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education , Changsha , China
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13
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Biochemistry and Physiology of Heavy Metal Resistance and Accumulation in Euglena. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 979:91-121. [PMID: 28429319 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54910-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Free-living microorganisms may become suitable models for removal of heavy metals from polluted water bodies, sediments, and soils by using and enhancing their metal accumulating abilities. The available research data indicate that protists of the genus Euglena are a highly promising group of microorganisms to be used in bio-remediation of heavy metal-polluted aerobic and anaerobic acidic aquatic environments. This chapter analyzes the variety of biochemical mechanisms evolved in E. gracilis to resist, accumulate and remove heavy metals from the environment, being the most relevant those involving (1) adsorption to the external cell pellicle; (2) intracellular binding by glutathione and glutathione polymers, and their further compartmentalization as heavy metal-complexes into chloroplasts and mitochondria; (3) polyphosphate biosynthesis; and (4) secretion of organic acids. The available data at the transcriptional, kinetic and metabolic levels on these metabolic/cellular processes are herein reviewed and analyzed to provide mechanistic basis for developing genetically engineered Euglena cells that may have a greater removal and accumulating capacity for bioremediation and recycling of heavy metals.
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14
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Mera R, Torres E, Abalde J. Influence of sulphate on the reduction of cadmium toxicity in the microalga Chlamydomonas moewusii. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 128:236-245. [PMID: 26963118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is considered as one of the most hazardous metals for living organism and ecosystems. Environmental factors play an important role since they alter the toxicity of metals by varying the bioavailability of these elements for the organisms. The aim of the present study was to investigate, using the freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas moewusii, the existence of an interaction between cadmium and sulphate as a factor that varied the toxicity of this metal. Different cell parameters such as cell growth, content of chlorophylls and biosynthesis of phytochelatins (PCs) were determined. A two-way ANOVA showed that the interaction had a significant effect size of 21% (p<0.001) for the growth of this microalga and around of a 6% on the content of chlorophylls/cell. The effect of this inhibition was that when the concentration of sulphate increased, a lower toxic effect of cadmium on the growth and on the content of chlorophylls was observed. In addition, the increase of sulphate concentration allowed the biosynthesis of a higher amount of PCs and/or PCs with higher chain length. This higher biosynthesis was responsible for the reduction of the toxic effect of cadmium and explained the interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roi Mera
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Alejandro de La Sota, No. 1, 15008 La Coruña, Spain
| | - Enrique Torres
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Alejandro de La Sota, No. 1, 15008 La Coruña, Spain.
| | - Julio Abalde
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Alejandro de La Sota, No. 1, 15008 La Coruña, Spain
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García-García JD, Sánchez-Thomas R, Moreno-Sánchez R. Bio-recovery of non-essential heavy metals by intra- and extracellular mechanisms in free-living microorganisms. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:859-873. [PMID: 27184302 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Free-living microorganisms may become suitable models for recovery of non-essential and essential heavy metals from wastewater bodies and soils by using and enhancing their accumulating and/or leaching abilities. This review analyzes the variety of different mechanisms developed mainly in bacteria, protists and microalgae to accumulate heavy metals, being the most relevant those involving phytochelatin and metallothionein biosyntheses; phosphate/polyphosphate metabolism; compartmentalization of heavy metal-complexes into vacuoles, chloroplasts and mitochondria; and secretion of malate and other organic acids. Cyanide biosynthesis for extra-cellular heavy metal bioleaching is also examined. These metabolic/cellular processes are herein analyzed at the transcriptional, kinetic and metabolic levels to provide mechanistic basis for developing genetically engineered microorganisms with greater capacities and efficiencies for heavy metal recovery, recycling of heavy metals, biosensing of metal ions, and engineering of metalloenzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge D García-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F. 14080, México.
| | - Rosina Sánchez-Thomas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F. 14080, México
| | - Rafael Moreno-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F. 14080, México
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Mera R, Torres E, Abalde J. Isobolographic analysis of the interaction between cadmium (II) and sodium sulphate: toxicological consequences. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:2264-2278. [PMID: 26658783 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sulphate is an essential nutrient for autotrophic organisms and has been shown to have important implications in certain processes of tolerance to cadmium toxicity. Sodium sulphate is the main salt of sulphate in the natural environments. The concentration of this salt is increasing in the aquatic environments due to environmental pollution. The aim of this study was to investigate, using an analysis of isobolograms, the type and the degree of the interaction between Cd(II) and sodium sulphate in the freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas moewusii. Two blocks of experiments were performed, one at sub-optimal sodium sulphate concentrations (<14.2 mg/L) and the other at supra-optimal concentrations (>14.2 mg/L). Three fixed ratios (2:1, 1:1, and 1:2) of the individual EC50 for cadmium and sodium sulphate were used within each block. The isobolographic analysis of interaction at sub-optimal concentrations showed a stronger antagonistic effect with values of interaction index (γ) between 1.46 and 3.4. However, the isobologram with sodium sulphate at supra-optimal concentrations revealed a slight but significant synergistic effect between both chemicals with an interaction index between 0.54 and 0.64. This synergic effect resulted in the potentiation of the toxic effects of cadmium, synergy that was related to the increase of the ionic strength and of two species of cadmium, CdSO4 (aq), and Cd(SO4)2(2-) , in the medium. Results of the current study suggest that sodium sulphate is able to perform a dual antagonist/synergist effect on cadmium toxicity. This role was concentration dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roi Mera
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, 15071, La Coruña, Spain
| | - Enrique Torres
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, 15071, La Coruña, Spain.
| | - Julio Abalde
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Campus da Zapateira s/n, 15071, La Coruña, Spain
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17
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Santiago-Martínez MG, Lira-Silva E, Encalada R, Pineda E, Gallardo-Pérez JC, Zepeda-Rodriguez A, Moreno-Sánchez R, Saavedra E, Jasso-Chávez R. Cadmium removal by Euglena gracilis is enhanced under anaerobic growth conditions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 288:104-112. [PMID: 25698571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The facultative protist Euglena gracilis, a heavy metal hyper-accumulator, was grown under photo-heterotrophic and extreme conditions (acidic pH, anaerobiosis and with Cd(2+)) and biochemically characterized. High biomass (8.5×10(6)cellsmL(-1)) was reached after 10 days of culture. Under anaerobiosis, photosynthetic activity built up a microaerophilic environment of 0.7% O₂, which was sufficient to allow mitochondrial respiratory activity: glutamate and malate were fully consumed, whereas 25-33% of the added glucose was consumed. In anaerobic cells, photosynthesis but not respiration was activated by Cd(2+) which induced higher oxidative stress. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were 20 times lower in control cells under anaerobiosis than in aerobiosis, although Cd(2+) induced a higher MDA production. Cd(2+) stress induced increased contents of chelating thiols (cysteine, glutathione and phytochelatins) and polyphosphate. Biosorption (90%) and intracellular accumulation (30%) were the mechanisms by which anaerobic cells removed Cd(2+) from medium, which was 36% higher versus aerobic cells. The present study indicated that E. gracilis has the ability to remove Cd(2+) under anaerobic conditions, which might be advantageous for metal removal in sediments from polluted water bodies or bioreactors, where the O₂ concentration is particularly low.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rusely Encalada
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Mexico
| | - Erika Pineda
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Emma Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Mexico
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18
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Examining concentrations and molecular weights of thiols in microorganism cultures and in Churchill River (Manitoba) using a fluorescent-labeling method coupled to asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:4305-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8599-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Mera R, Torres E, Abalde J. Sulphate, more than a nutrient, protects the microalga Chlamydomonas moewusii from cadmium toxicity. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 148:92-103. [PMID: 24463493 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulphur is an essential macroelement that plays important roles in living organisms. The thiol rich sulphur compounds, such as cysteine, γ-Glu-Cys, glutathione and phytochelatins participate in the tolerance mechanisms against cadmium toxicity. Plants, algae, yeasts and most prokaryotes cover their demand for reduced sulphur by reduction of inorganic sulphate. The aim of this study was to investigate, using a bifactorial experimental design, the effect of different sulphate concentrations in the nutrient solution on cadmium toxicity in the freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas moewusii. Cell growth, kinetic parameters of sulphate utilization and intracellular concentrations of low-molecular mass thiol compounds were determined. A mathematical model to describe the growth of this microalga based on the effects of sulphate and cadmium was obtained. An ANOVA revealed an interaction between them, 16% of the effect sizes was explained by this interaction. A higher amount of sulphate in the culture medium allowed a higher cadmium tolerance due to an increase in the thiol compound biosynthesis. The amount of low-molecular mass thiol compounds, mainly phytochelatins, synthesized by this microalga was significantly dependent on the sulphate and cadmium concentrations; the higher phytochelatin content was obtained in cultures with 4 mg Cd/L and 1mM sulphate. The maximum EC50 value (based on nominal cadmium concentration) reached for this microalga was 4.46 ± 0.42 mg Cd/L when the sulphate concentration added to the culture medium was also 1mM. An increase in the sulphate concentration, in deficient environments, could alleviate the toxic effect of this metal; however, a relative excess is also negative. The results obtained showed a substrate inhibition for this nutrient. An uncompetitive model for sulphate was chosen to establish the mathematical model that links both factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roi Mera
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Alejandro de La Sota, No. 1, 15008 La Coruña, Spain
| | - Enrique Torres
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Alejandro de La Sota, No. 1, 15008 La Coruña, Spain.
| | - Julio Abalde
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, Alejandro de La Sota, No. 1, 15008 La Coruña, Spain
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García-García JD, Girard L, Hernández G, Saavedra E, Pardo JP, Rodríguez-Zavala JS, Encalada R, Reyes-Prieto A, Mendoza-Cózatl DG, Moreno-Sánchez R. Zn-bis-glutathionate is the best co-substrate of the monomeric phytochelatin synthase from the photosynthetic heavy metal-hyperaccumulator Euglena gracilis. Metallomics 2014; 6:604-16. [PMID: 24464102 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00313b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The phytochelatin synthase from photosynthetic Euglena gracilis (EgPCS) was analyzed at the transcriptional, kinetic, functional, and phylogenetic levels. Recombinant EgPCS was a monomeric enzyme able to synthesize, in the presence of Zn(2+) or Cd(2+), phytochelatin2-phytochelatin4 (PC2-PC4) using GSH or S-methyl-GS (S-methyl-glutathione), but not γ-glutamylcysteine or PC2 as a substrate. Kinetic analysis of EgPCS firmly established a two-substrate reaction mechanism for PC2 synthesis with Km values of 14-22 mM for GSH and 1.6-2.5 μM for metal-bis-glutathionate (Me-GS2). EgPCS showed the highest Vmax and catalytic efficiency with Zn-(GS)2, and was inactivated by peroxides. The EgPCS N-terminal domain showed high similarity to that of other PCSases, in which the typical catalytic core (Cys-70, His-179 and Asp-197) was identified. In contrast, the C-terminal domain showed no similarity to other PCSases. An EgPCS mutant comprising only the N-terminal 235 amino acid residues was inactive, suggesting that the C-terminal domain is essential for activity/stability. EgPCS transcription in Euglena cells was not modified by Cd(2+), whereas its heterologous expression in ycf-1 yeast cells provided resistance to Cd(2+) stress. Phylogenetic analysis of the N-terminal domain showed that EgPCS is distant from plants and other photosynthetic organisms, suggesting that it evolved independently. Although EgPCS showed typical features of PCSases (constitutive expression; conserved N-terminal domain; kinetic mechanism), it also exhibited distinct characteristics such as preference for Zn-(GS)2 over Cd-(GS)2 as a co-substrate, a monomeric structure, and ability to solely synthesize short-chain PCs, which may be involved in conferring enhanced heavy-metal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge D García-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Juan Badiano No. 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México D.F. 14080, México.
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